Water conservancy project ecological slope protection maintenance method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water conservancy project ecological slope protection maintenance method. The method comprises the steps that comprehensive physical inspection is conducted on a slope surface of a slope protection; evaluating the vegetation coverage degree by adopting a sample method or unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing; detecting physical properties and chemical properties of the slope protection soil; the growth change of slope protection vegetation, the stability condition of the slope surface and the operation condition of a drainage system are inspected; a genetic algorithm is used for optimizing an irrigation strategy and a fertilization strategy, and vegetation is trimmed regularly; slope surface maintenance: reinforcing the slope surface when the slope surface is slightly loosened or cracked, repairing the slope surface in time when the slope surface is greatly damaged, and checking and maintaining a drainage system; slope protection vegetation pest control; and slope protection surrounding environment monitoring and ecological restoration. According to the method, potential slope problems and vegetation changes can be found in time, scientific decision basis and advanced technical means are provided for operations such as watering, fertilization and pest control on maintenance measures, and resource waste and negative effects on the environment are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and in particular to a water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method. Background Art

[0002] The maintenance of ecological slope protection plays a vital role in ensuring the safety of water conservancy facilities and maintaining ecological balance. With the development of society and the improvement of ecological environment requirements, traditional slope protection maintenance methods can no longer meet the increasingly complex needs. On the one hand, traditional inspection methods are often not comprehensive and accurate enough, and cannot timely detect potential slope problems and vegetation changes, which may lead to decreased slope stability and damaged ecological functions; on the other hand, in terms of maintenance measures, watering, fertilization, pest control and other operations lack scientific decision-making basis and advanced technical means, which easily leads to waste of resources, negative impact on the environment and inability to effectively respond to various emergencies.

[0003] In addition, with climate change and intensified human activities, water conservancy project ecological slope protection faces more challenges, such as intensified slope erosion caused by extreme weather and the emergence of new pests and diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an innovative and comprehensive water conservancy project ecological slope protection maintenance method to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for maintaining ecological slope protection in a water conservancy project in response to the above-mentioned problems. By combining modern scientific and technological means with all-round maintenance management, the problem is solved that the inspection method in the prior art is often not comprehensive and accurate enough, and is unable to timely discover potential slope problems and vegetation changes, which may lead to decreased slope stability and damaged ecological functions. In terms of maintenance measures, operations such as watering, fertilizing, and pest and disease control lack scientific decision-making basis and advanced technical means, which easily leads to waste of resources, negative impact on the environment, and inability to effectively respond to various emergencies.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method, comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Slope surface inspection: Conduct a comprehensive physical inspection of the slope protection surface, including checking the flatness of the slope surface and checking whether there are depressions, protrusions or cracks;

[0008] Step 2: Vegetation coverage assessment: Use sampling methods or drone remote sensing to assess vegetation coverage. For larger areas of slope protection, divide the slope into multiple sample areas, and count the type, quantity, and growth status of vegetation in each sample area.

[0009] Step 3: Soil quality testing: Test the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The physical properties include the soil particle composition and bulk density, and the chemical properties include the soil pH and nutrient content. Based on the test results, determine whether the soil is suitable for vegetation growth;

[0010] Step 4: Regular inspection arrangements: formulate an inspection plan and record various conditions of the slope protection during the inspection, including vegetation growth changes, slope stability, and drainage system operation status;

[0011] Step 5: Vegetation maintenance: Use genetic algorithms to optimize irrigation and fertilization strategies, and regularly prune vegetation;

[0012] Step 6: Slope maintenance: When the slope is slightly loose or cracked, reinforce the slope, repair it in time when it suffers serious damage, and inspect and maintain the drainage system;

[0013] Step 7: Pest and disease control: Set up monitoring points, regularly observe vegetation for signs of pests and diseases, and take appropriate control measures based on the type and severity of the pests and diseases;

[0014] Step 8: Environmental monitoring and ecological restoration: Regularly monitor the water quality around the slope protection, and determine whether the slope protection has an adverse impact on the water body based on changes in water quality. When the slope protection ecosystem is damaged, take ecological restoration measures.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention, in step 1, three-dimensional laser scanning is used to obtain a three-dimensional model of the slope. By comparing the three-dimensional models of different periods, subtle changes in the slope are observed, and whether the slope meets the design requirements is accurately detected. If the local slope changes too much, the stress distribution of the slope is simulated in combination with finite element analysis software, so as to more accurately predict the potential risk of instability of the slope and predict in advance the specific location and scope of possible problems.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention, the formula for calculating vegetation coverage in step 2 is: vegetation coverage = (vegetation projection area within the sample plot / total sample plot area) × 100%. By comparing data from different periods, the changing trend of vegetation coverage can be understood.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention, in step 5, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the irrigation strategy, and parameters such as different vegetation types, seasons, soil moisture, etc. are used as input factors of the genetic algorithm. The water resource utilization efficiency and the optimal vegetation growth state are taken as the objective function. The irrigation frequency and watering amount are determined according to the vegetation type, season and soil moisture conditions. Each individual in the population represents an irrigation plan, and the population is continuously evolved through selection, crossover and mutation operations to find the optimal irrigation plan.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, a genetic algorithm is used in step 5 to determine the fertilization plan, with the vegetation growth stage, soil nutrient status and microbial community structure as input, and the vegetation growth effect, fertilizer utilization rate and impact on the soil ecosystem as goals. Each individual represents a fertilization plan, and the optimal fertilization strategy is determined through iterations of the genetic algorithm.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention, in step 5, an elite retention strategy is introduced during the iteration process of the genetic algorithm to ensure that the excellent fertilization schemes in each generation are not lost, and at the same time, a game theory model is used to balance the relationship between different fertilization targets.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention, when it is found in step 6 that the slope surface is slightly loose or cracked, the slope surface is reinforced by adopting a traditional geogrid reinforcement method and introducing a fiber-reinforced composite material reinforcement technology.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention, in step 6, automated cleaning equipment is used to regularly clean the drainage facilities to ensure smooth drainage. Before the rainy season arrives, the drainage system is comprehensively inspected and cleaned. If the drainage facilities are damaged, they are repaired or replaced in time.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention, in step 7, the Internet of Things sensor network is used for real-time monitoring, and insect traps, temperature and humidity sensors, and gas sensors are installed on the slope protection to collect data related to pests and diseases in real time. At the same time, combined with molecular biological detection technology, genetic analysis is performed on the collected pest samples to accurately identify the types of pests and potential drug-resistant genes, providing a basis for precise prevention and control.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention, in step 7, for mild pests and diseases, in addition to using traditional biological control methods, insect pheromones are also used to trap pests; for more serious pests and diseases, chemical pesticide precision spraying technology is used for spray control while ensuring ecological safety.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. In the preliminary inspection and evaluation steps, the present invention uses methods such as three-dimensional laser scanning technology, hyperspectral remote sensing technology, and a combination of in-situ sensors and laboratory analysis. These advanced technical means make the detection of slope conditions, vegetation coverage and soil quality more comprehensive, accurate and efficient;

[0026] 2. In terms of vegetation maintenance, the present invention introduces deep learning models to optimize genetic algorithms in watering and irrigation, making irrigation strategies more scientific and reasonable. The application of intelligent drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation technology can automatically and accurately supply water according to real-time data, avoiding the waste of water resources. In fertilization management, the genetic algorithm combining microbial community analysis technology and multiple optimization strategies can not only improve fertilizer utilization, but also select appropriate slow-release fertilizers and precision fertilization equipment, reduce the negative impact of excessive fertilizer use on the environment, and achieve efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources;

[0027] 3. The Internet of Things sensor network, molecular biology detection technology and precision spray technology used in the pest control of the present invention can more accurately monitor the pest situation and implement more precise prevention and control measures according to the actual situation. It uses biological control methods, biological pesticides and botanical pesticides, combined with microbial remediation technology, to effectively control pests and diseases while reducing the use of chemical pesticides and reducing pollution to the ecological environment, thus achieving a win-win situation for pest control and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of the water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0033] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0035] In the embodiments of the present application, the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of various components in the embodiments of the present application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the integrated device are only exemplary descriptions and should not constitute any limitation to the present application.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces), unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 , a water conservancy project ecological slope protection maintenance method provided in the embodiment of the present application comprises:

[0040] Step 1: Slope condition inspection: Conduct a comprehensive physical inspection of the slope protection surface, including checking the flatness of the slope, checking for depressions, protrusions or cracks, and using measuring tools to detect whether the slope meets the design requirements. If there is a large change in the local slope, it may indicate that the slope has a potential risk of instability.

[0041] Use advanced 3D laser scanning technology to conduct a comprehensive physical inspection of the slope protection surface. This technology can obtain 3D data of the slope with extremely high accuracy. It can not only check the flatness of the slope in detail, accurately identify even tiny depressions, protrusions or cracks, but also build a 3D model of the slope. For example, by comparing 3D models from different periods, you can intuitively observe subtle changes in the slope and accurately detect whether the slope meets the design requirements. If the local slope changes too much, the stress distribution of the slope is simulated in combination with finite element analysis software, so as to more accurately predict the potential risk of instability on the slope and predict the specific location and scope of possible problems in advance.

[0042] Step 2. Vegetation coverage assessment: Use sampling methods or UAV remote sensing and other technologies to assess the vegetation coverage. For larger slope protection areas, multiple sample plots can be divided. The type, quantity, growth status, etc. of vegetation can be counted in each sample plot. The formula for calculating vegetation coverage is: Vegetation coverage = (projected area of ​​vegetation in the sample plot / total area of ​​the sample plot) × 100%. By comparing data from different periods, the changing trend of vegetation coverage can be understood.

[0043] In addition to using sampling methods or UAV remote sensing technologies, hyperspectral remote sensing technology is also introduced to evaluate the degree of vegetation coverage. For slope protection over a large area, multiple sample plots are divided by combining satellite hyperspectral remote sensing data and UAV multispectral data. In each sample plot, not only conventional information such as vegetation type, quantity, and growth status is counted, but also the spectral characteristics of vegetation can be obtained. By analyzing these spectral characteristics, we can have a deeper understanding of the physiological state of vegetation, such as chlorophyll content, water content, etc. The formula for calculating vegetation coverage is still vegetation coverage = (vegetation projection area in sample plot / total sample plot area) × 100%, but combined with hyperspectral data, a more detailed hierarchical assessment of vegetation coverage can be performed, such as distinguishing the coverage of different vegetation types. By comparing data from different periods, we can not only understand the overall trend of vegetation coverage, but also analyze the changes in each type of vegetation coverage, providing more targeted data support for subsequent vegetation maintenance.

[0044] Step 3. Soil quality testing: Test the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The physical properties include the soil's particle composition and bulk density, which will affect the soil's air permeability and water permeability. The chemical properties test mainly tests the soil's acidity and alkalinity (pH value) and nutrient content (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.). Soil samples can be collected and analyzed in the laboratory using professional instruments. Based on the test results, it can be determined whether the soil is suitable for vegetation growth.

[0045] When testing the physical and chemical properties of the soil, a method combining in-situ sensors and laboratory analysis is used. In terms of physical properties, in addition to the traditional testing of soil particle composition, bulk density, etc., time domain reflectometers (TDR) and other equipment are used to monitor the moisture content and porosity of the soil in real time on the slope, which can more accurately reflect the dynamic changes of soil air permeability and water permeability under different environmental conditions. In addition to paying attention to the acidity and alkalinity (pH value) and nutrient content (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) of the soil, chemical property testing also uses new sensors such as ion selective electrodes to detect trace nutrients and heavy metal content in the soil. Through dual analysis on site and in the laboratory, it is possible to more comprehensively judge whether the soil is suitable for vegetation growth, and at the same time, potential problems such as soil pollution can be discovered in a timely manner.

[0046] Step 4. Regular inspection arrangements: Develop a detailed inspection plan. During the inspection process, record various conditions of the slope protection, including vegetation growth changes, such as whether new vegetation has sprouted, whether the original vegetation has withered and yellowed, etc.; slope stability, such as whether there is loose soil and rocks, small landslides; and the operation of the drainage system, such as whether the drainage holes are blocked, whether there is debris accumulation in the drainage ditch, etc. Depending on the importance, size and environmental conditions of the slope protection, arrange a comprehensive inspection once a week or monthly. During special periods such as rainy season or flood season, increase the frequency of inspections, such as once a day, and focus on whether there are signs of scouring on the slope and whether the drainage facilities are unobstructed.

[0047] In addition to arranging a comprehensive inspection once a week or monthly based on the importance, size and environmental conditions of the slope protection, a real-time monitoring system is also combined with meteorological data and hydrological data. During special periods such as the rainy season or flood season, the inspection frequency is dynamically adjusted according to information such as precipitation intensity and water level changes, such as increasing to multiple inspections per day. At the same time, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to plan the optimal inspection route to improve inspection efficiency. During the inspection process, intelligent inspection equipment is used, such as inspection robots equipped with high-definition cameras and sensors, focusing on whether there are signs of scouring on the slope, whether the drainage facilities are unobstructed, etc., and can transmit data to the monitoring center in real time.

[0048] During the inspection, a digital recording system is used to comprehensively record various conditions of the slope protection. For the growth and changes of vegetation, in addition to recording basic information such as whether new vegetation has sprouted and whether the original vegetation has withered and yellowed, image recognition technology is used to quantitatively analyze the growth status of vegetation, such as measuring the leaf area index of vegetation and the rate of change of plant height. For the stability of the slope, not only is it recorded whether there is loose soil and rocks and small landslides, but also displacement sensors are used to monitor the displacement data of key parts of the slope in real time, and these data are compared and analyzed with historical data and safety thresholds. For the operation of the drainage system, in addition to checking whether the drainage holes are blocked and whether there is debris accumulation in the drainage ditch, the drainage flow is also monitored through flow sensors to detect early signs of poor drainage in time. All these data will be stored in the cloud database for easy access and analysis at any time.

[0049] Step 5: Vegetation maintenance: including watering and irrigation, fertilization management, pruning and replanting.

[0050] First, watering and irrigation: Genetic algorithms are used to optimize irrigation strategies. Different vegetation types, seasons, soil moisture and other parameters are used as input factors of the genetic algorithm. The water resource utilization efficiency and the best vegetation growth status are used as the objective function. The irrigation frequency and watering amount are determined according to the vegetation type, season and soil moisture conditions. For drought-resistant plants, the irrigation interval can be longer; in the high temperature period in summer, the number of irrigations may need to be increased. The use of intelligent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation technology can more accurately supply water to vegetation and avoid wasting water resources. Each individual in the population represents an irrigation plan (including parameters such as irrigation frequency and watering amount). The population is continuously evolved through selection, crossover and mutation operations to find the optimal irrigation plan.

[0051] When using genetic algorithms to optimize irrigation strategies, deep learning models are introduced to explore the complex nonlinear relationship between parameters such as vegetation type, season, soil moisture and irrigation demand, so as to further optimize the fitness function of the genetic algorithm. The vegetation water demand and water use efficiency predicted by deep learning are used as important reference factors. For example, each individual in the population represents an irrigation scheme (including parameters such as irrigation frequency and watering amount). In the selection operation, in addition to the traditional fitness value, the sustainability and economic indicators of the irrigation scheme are also considered.

[0052] Fitness function formula: The fitness function is used to evaluate the quality of each individual (i.e., solution) in the population. The higher the fitness value, the more likely the individual is to be selected for genetic manipulation. For irrigation strategy optimization, the fitness function may be related to factors such as water resource utilization efficiency and vegetation growth status; for fertilization program optimization, the fitness function may be related to vegetation growth effects, fertilizer utilization rate, etc. Its general representation is: Fitness = f(x1, x2, ..., x n ), where Fitness represents the fitness value, x1, x2, ..., x n are various parameters that affect fitness, and f is a functional relationship defined according to specific problems. For example, if the fitness function is defined by irrigation water volume and vegetation growth status, it is Fitness = a vegetation growth index + b irrigation water rationality index, where a and b are weight coefficients, which are adjusted according to actual conditions to reflect the importance of each factor.

[0053] The crossover operation uses adaptive crossover probability, dynamically adjusts the crossover probability according to the diversity of the population, and improves the algorithm's search ability. The mutation operation introduces random gradient mutation, making it more likely that the newly generated individuals will evolve towards the global optimal solution. Through these improvements, a better irrigation solution can be found.

[0054] The selection operation is to select individuals with higher fitness from the current population as the parents of the next generation of the population. Common selection methods include roulette selection and tournament selection. Taking roulette selection as an example, the probability of an individual being selected is proportional to its fitness value. Suppose the population size is N and the fitness value of the individual is F i , then the probability of individual i being selected

[0055] Crossover operation: Crossover operation is to exchange the genes of two parent individuals to generate new offspring individuals. For example, for a binary-coded genetic algorithm, suppose there are two parent individuals with gene strings A=10110 and B=01011. After crossover at a certain position, two new offspring individuals may be obtained, such as A′=10111 and B′=01010. For problems with continuous variables, the crossover operation may be a linear combination of the gene values ​​of the two parent individuals, such as a gene value of the offspring individual C=α×A+(1-α)×B, where α is a random number between [0, 1].

[0056] Mutation operation: Mutation operation is to make random changes to the genes of individuals to increase the diversity of the population. For binary-coded genes, the mutation operation may be to change the value of a gene from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0. For continuous variables, the mutation operation may be to add a small random perturbation to the gene value, such as C = C + δ, where δ is a random number that follows a specific distribution (such as normal distribution).

[0057] Using intelligent drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation technology, drip irrigation nozzles and micro-sprinkler irrigation nozzles are equipped with pressure sensors and flow control devices, which can automatically and accurately supply water to vegetation according to real-time soil moisture and vegetation water demand, avoiding water waste. For example, in the dry season, drip irrigation is carried out 2-3 times a week, and the amount of each drip irrigation is determined according to the root distribution depth of the vegetation and the water holding capacity of the soil, and is dynamically adjusted according to real-time monitoring data.

[0058] Second, fertilization management: Genetic algorithms are also used to determine fertilization plans, but on this basis, microbial community analysis technology is combined. The vegetation growth stage, soil nutrient status, and soil microbial community structure are used as inputs, and the vegetation growth effect, fertilizer utilization rate, and impact on the soil ecosystem are used as goals. Each individual represents a fertilization plan (fertilization type, dosage, time, etc.). During the iteration of the genetic algorithm, an elite retention strategy is introduced to ensure that the excellent fertilization plan in each generation will not be lost. At the same time, the game theory model is used to balance the relationship between different fertilization goals, such as reducing the negative impact on soil microorganisms while improving vegetation growth. After iterations of the genetic algorithm, the best fertilization strategy is determined. Fertilization is carried out according to the vegetation growth stage and soil nutrient status. In the spring when vegetation is growing vigorously, the application of nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately increased to promote the growth of branches and leaves; in autumn, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can be increased to help the development of vegetation roots and enhance cold resistance. At the same time, choose the right type of fertilizer, such as organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer with slow-release function, which can automatically adjust the nutrient release rate according to soil moisture and temperature. When applying fertilizer, use precision fertilization equipment, which can perform targeted fertilization based on the distribution of soil nutrients and the location of vegetation roots, effectively preventing fertilizer from directly contacting vegetation roots and preventing root burn.

[0059] Third, pruning and replanting: Prune vegetation regularly to keep its beautiful shape and healthy growth; when pruning vegetation, use intelligent pruning robots, which are equipped with laser radar and visual recognition systems, and can automatically identify the shape and height of vegetation. According to the preset pruning standards, such as pruning lawn vegetation, keep the grass height at about 5-10 cm, and prune the vegetation accurately. For vegetation that grows too densely, proper pruning can improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. At the same time, the robot can collect the trimmed vegetation residues, crush them and reuse them as organic fertilizer for slope protection. When it is found that the vegetation coverage rate decreases or vegetation dies, the vegetation growth simulation model is used to analyze the causes of vegetation death, such as insufficient soil nutrients, the impact of pests and diseases, etc., and replant in time. When replanting, select vegetation varieties that are suitable for local climate and soil conditions and have stress resistance according to the results of model analysis, and replant according to reasonable planting density. At the same time, biostimulants are used to treat the soil in the replanting area to promote seed germination and seedling growth.

[0060] Step 6: Slope maintenance: including slope reinforcement, drainage system maintenance, and slope repair.

[0061] First, slope reinforcement: When the slope is found to be slightly loose or cracked, adopt appropriate reinforcement methods. For example, for soil slopes, geogrids can be used for reinforcement. The geogrids are laid in the surface soil of the slope to increase the shear strength of the slope through its interaction with soil particles.

[0062] In addition to the traditional geogrid reinforcement method, fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) reinforcement technology is also introduced. For soil slopes, geogrids can be laid first, and then FRP sheets can be pasted at key stress-bearing locations. The synergistic effect of the two with soil particles can significantly increase the shear strength of the slope. At the same time, microseismic monitoring technology is used to monitor the stability changes of the slope after reinforcement in real time. By analyzing the frequency, amplitude and other characteristics of the microseismic signal, the reinforcement effect is evaluated in a timely manner, and the reinforcement plan is adjusted according to the monitoring results. During the reinforcement process, unmanned small compaction machinery is used to evenly compact the reinforcement materials to ensure that the reinforcement materials are closely combined with the slope soil and improve the quality of reinforcement.

[0063] Second, drainage system maintenance: regularly clean drainage holes, drainage ditches and other drainage facilities to ensure smooth drainage. When cleaning drainage facilities, use automated cleaning equipment, which is equipped with a high-pressure water gun and a rotating brush head, to effectively remove debris and dirt in the drainage facilities to ensure smooth drainage. Before the rainy season, conduct a comprehensive inspection and cleaning of the drainage system, use a pipe endoscope to check the condition inside the drainage pipe, and promptly discover potential damaged parts. If the drainage facilities are damaged, repair or replace them in time. For example, for damaged drainage pipes, use quick repair joints and new corrosion-resistant pipes to replace them. At the same time, an adjustable water level control device is set in the drainage ditch. When the water level is too high, it can automatically alarm and start the drainage pump for emergency drainage to avoid flooding of the slope due to poor drainage.

[0064] Third, slope repair (for damage): When the slope suffers major damage, such as landslides and collapses, timely repairs are carried out. First, use drones to conduct rapid on-site surveys to obtain detailed information on the scope and extent of slope damage and generate a three-dimensional repair model. In the process of cleaning the loose soil and rocks on the slope, use remote-controlled excavation and removal equipment to improve cleaning efficiency and the safety of construction personnel. Then, according to the specific conditions of the slope, repair methods such as soil and stone backfill, mortar masonry or concrete slope protection are used. During the soil and stone backfill process, the backfill soil is compacted in layers, and non-destructive testing technology (such as ground penetrating radar) is used to detect the compaction quality of each layer of backfill. For mortar masonry or concrete slope protection, a combination of prefabricated components and on-site casting is used. Prefabricated components can be made in advance in the factory to ensure quality while speeding up construction progress. During the repair process, high-precision measuring instruments are used to ensure the perfect connection between the repaired slope and the surrounding undamaged slopes to ensure the integrity of the slope. At the same time, drainage channels and vegetation planting troughs are set up in the repaired slope to facilitate drainage and vegetation restoration in the later stage.

[0065] Step 7: Pest and disease control: includes pest and disease monitoring and implementation of prevention and control measures.

[0066] First, pest and disease monitoring: set up a full range of monitoring points. In addition to regularly observing whether the vegetation has signs of pests and diseases, such as checking whether the leaves have insect holes, yellowing, withering and other symptoms, or observing whether there are insects gathering around the vegetation, the Internet of Things sensor network is also used for real-time monitoring. Install insect traps, temperature and humidity sensors, gas sensors and other equipment on the slope protection. These sensors can collect real-time data related to pests and diseases, such as the type, number, activity pattern of pests, and the impact of environmental temperature and humidity on pests and diseases. At the same time, combined with molecular biological detection technology, genetic analysis is performed on the collected pest samples to accurately identify the types of pests and potential drug resistance genes, providing a basis for precise prevention and control. In addition, drones equipped with high-resolution cameras and multi-spectral imagers are used to conduct large-scale inspections to quickly discover early signs of pests and diseases and trends of large-scale outbreaks.

[0067] Second, take corresponding prevention and control measures according to the type and severity of pests and diseases. For mild pests and diseases, in addition to traditional biological control methods, such as introducing natural enemies of pests (such as ladybugs to control aphids), insect pheromones are also used to trap pests, and the mating and aggregation behavior of pests are interfered with by releasing sex pheromones or aggregation pheromones of specific pests, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the number of pests. For more serious pests and diseases, low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides can be appropriately used for spray control on the premise of ensuring ecological safety. When using pesticides, precision spraying technology is used to adjust the dosage and range of spraying according to the distribution of pests and diseases and vegetation density to avoid waste of pesticides and pollution to the ecological environment. At the same time, the use of biological pesticides and botanical pesticides is combined, such as the use of biologically active substances such as Bacillus thuringiensis and azadirachtin to control pests, and reduce the use of chemical pesticides. In addition, after the prevention and control of pests and diseases, microbial remediation technology is used to accelerate the ecological recovery of soil and vegetation and reduce the impact of pesticide residues on the ecosystem.

[0068] Step 8: Environmental monitoring and ecological restoration: including water quality monitoring and ecosystem restoration.

[0069] First, water quality monitoring: If the slope protection is close to the water body, establish an intelligent water quality monitoring system. In addition to regular monitoring of conventional indicators of water quality, such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), etc., the detection of emerging pollutants (such as microplastics, drug residues, etc.) is also increased. By setting up multi-level monitoring points in the water body around the slope protection, including the water surface, different water depths and nearshore areas, water samples are collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The online water quality monitoring instrument is used to transmit water quality data in real time, and the water quality changes of the water body around the slope protection are predicted in combination with the water quality model. According to the changes in water quality, it is judged whether the slope protection has an adverse effect on the water body, such as soil erosion leading to water turbidity and pollutant release. At the same time, the ecological floating bed technology is used to plant aquatic plants with water purification functions in the water body, and the water quality is further improved through the absorption and adsorption of plants and the decomposition of microorganisms.

[0070] Second, ecosystem restoration: When the slope protection ecosystem is damaged, such as when the vegetation is destroyed and the animal habitat is lost, ecological restoration measures are taken. In addition to providing habitats and breeding places for aquatic animals by planting vegetation suitable for local wildlife, such as setting up bushes and aquatic plant belts for birds, ecological corridors and ecological islands are also constructed. Ecological corridors can connect different vegetation patches and provide channels for wildlife to migrate and forage; ecological islands can provide safe habitats and breeding places for waterfowl and other organisms in water bodies. At the same time, local rare species or species with important ecological functions are introduced, such as planting leguminous plants with nitrogen fixation ability, to promote the improvement of soil fertility and the natural succession of vegetation. In the process of ecological restoration, an ecological monitoring network is established to monitor the restoration of the ecosystem in real time, including changes in indicators such as vegetation coverage, species diversity, and soil quality. The restoration strategy is adjusted in a timely manner according to the monitoring results to avoid excessive human interference and allow the ecosystem to naturally restore its balance.

[0071] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific implementation method of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological slope protection and maintenance of a water conservancy project, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Slope surface inspection: Conduct a comprehensive physical inspection of the slope protection surface, including checking the flatness of the slope surface and checking whether there are depressions, protrusions or cracks; Step 2: Vegetation coverage assessment: Use sampling methods or drone remote sensing to assess vegetation coverage. For larger areas of slope protection, divide the slope into multiple sample areas, and count the type, quantity, and growth status of vegetation in each sample area. Step 3: Soil quality testing: Test the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The physical properties include the soil particle composition and bulk density, and the chemical properties include the soil pH and nutrient content. Based on the test results, determine whether the soil is suitable for vegetation growth; Step 4: Regular inspection arrangements: formulate an inspection plan and record various conditions of the slope protection during the inspection, including vegetation growth changes, slope stability, and drainage system operation status; Step 5: Vegetation maintenance: Use genetic algorithms to optimize irrigation and fertilization strategies, and regularly prune vegetation; Step 6: Slope maintenance: When the slope is slightly loose or cracked, reinforce the slope, repair it in time when it suffers serious damage, and inspect and maintain the drainage system; Step 7: Pest and disease control: Set up monitoring points, regularly observe vegetation for signs of pests and diseases, and take appropriate control measures based on the type and severity of the pests and diseases; Step 8: Environmental monitoring and ecological restoration: Regularly monitor the water quality around the slope protection, and determine whether the slope protection has an adverse impact on the water body based on changes in water quality. When the slope protection ecosystem is damaged, take ecological restoration measures.

2. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, three-dimensional laser scanning is used to obtain a three-dimensional model of the slope. By comparing the three-dimensional models of different periods, subtle changes in the slope are observed, and whether the slope meets the design requirements is accurately detected. If the local slope changes too much, the stress distribution of the slope is simulated in combination with finite element analysis software, so as to more accurately predict the potential risk of instability of the slope and predict in advance the specific location and scope of possible problems.

3. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The formula for calculating the vegetation coverage in step 2 is: vegetation coverage = (vegetation projection area in the sample plot / total sample plot area) × 100%. By comparing data from different periods, the changing trend of vegetation coverage can be understood.

4. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 5, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the irrigation strategy. Parameters such as different vegetation types, seasons, and soil moisture are used as input factors of the genetic algorithm. The water resource utilization efficiency and the optimal vegetation growth state are used as the objective function. The irrigation frequency and watering amount are determined according to the vegetation type, season, and soil moisture conditions. Each individual in the population represents an irrigation plan. The population is continuously evolved through selection, crossover, and mutation operations to find the optimal irrigation plan.

5. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 5, a genetic algorithm is used to determine the fertilization plan, with the vegetation growth stage, soil nutrient status and microbial community structure as input, and the vegetation growth effect, fertilizer utilization rate and impact on the soil ecosystem as the goals. Each individual represents a fertilization plan, and the optimal fertilization strategy is determined through iterations of the genetic algorithm.

6. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In the iterative process of the genetic algorithm, step 5 introduces an elite retention strategy to ensure that the excellent fertilization schemes in each generation will not be lost, and at the same time uses a game theory model to balance the relationship between different fertilization targets.

7. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 6, when it is found that the slope surface is slightly loose or cracked, the slope surface is reinforced by adopting a traditional geogrid reinforcement method and introducing fiber reinforced composite material reinforcement technology.

8. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 6, automated cleaning equipment is used to regularly clean the drainage facilities to ensure smooth drainage. Before the rainy season arrives, the drainage system is fully inspected and cleaned. If the drainage facilities are damaged, they are repaired or replaced in a timely manner.

9. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, the Internet of Things sensor network is used for real-time monitoring. Insect traps, temperature and humidity sensors, and gas sensors are installed on the slope protection to collect pest and disease related data in real time. At the same time, molecular biological detection technology is combined to perform genetic analysis on the collected pest samples to accurately identify the types of pests and potential drug resistance genes, providing a basis for precise prevention and control.

10. The water conservancy project ecological slope protection and maintenance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, for mild pests and diseases, in addition to the traditional biological control methods, insect pheromones are also used to trap pests; for more serious pests and diseases, chemical pesticide precision spraying technology is used for spray control while ensuring ecological safety.

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