Self-adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions. The self-adaptive anchor rod comprises a rod body, an anchoring part, an anchoring agent isolation sleeve and an anchor head, the rod body comprises an anchoring area and a non-anchoring area which are arranged in a spaced mode, the anchoring part is fixedly arranged in the anchoring area in the circumferential direction of the rod body, the non-anchoring area of the rod body is sleeved with an anchoring agent isolation sleeve, and the anchor head is fixedly arranged at the front end of the rod body. The applicability of the self-adaptive anchor rod in the whole underground engineering is improved on the premise of meeting supporting of mining and underground engineering, the site construction scheme of the whole underground surrounding rock supporting is unified, it is guaranteed that the underground surrounding rock supporting effect is stable and reliable, and the self-adaptive anchor rod has practical significance in the field of whole underground engineering supporting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mine and engineering tunnel support, and in particular to an adaptive anchor rod under different stress conditions of hard rock. Background Art

[0002] As a key active support method, bolt support can coordinate with the surrounding rock to deform and make full use of the surrounding rock's own bearing capacity to resist surrounding rock deformation. It has been widely used in the field of underground engineering support. Bolt support can not only be used as a temporary support method, but also can be combined with other structural forms to form a composite support.

[0003] However, in deep mining and underground engineering, the deformation of deep hard rock is mainly affected by factors such as high ground stress, high ground temperature and high osmotic pressure. Due to the redistribution of surrounding rock stress caused by excavation disturbance, the stress state inside the rock mass tends to be complex, and its stress-strain relationship is nonlinear or even step-like. During the deformation process, a certain amount of plastic deformation will occur, and a large amount of energy may be released. These situations are very likely to cause ordinary anchors to break suddenly, resulting in the inability of anchors to effectively provide the required support force, which in turn causes the surrounding rock to lose part or all of its support, causing the surrounding rock to deform and displace more, and may cause the closure of the roadway or tunnel. The surrounding rock may also suddenly collapse or fall, directly threatening the lives of underground workers. After entering the deep from the shallow, ordinary anchors fail because they cannot adapt to the complex stress conditions of the deep surrounding rock. In underground engineering, it is necessary to adopt a variety of anchor support methods according to the design to adapt to different surrounding rocks. However, there are differences in the construction process and construction technology of different types of anchors in the project, which may lead to problems such as low construction efficiency or poor support effect.

[0004] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems of anchor support in deep surrounding rock, the present invention designs an adaptive anchor suitable for different stress conditions of hard rock. On the premise of meeting the needs of deep mining and underground engineering support, the applicability of the adaptive anchor is improved as much as possible, and the on-site construction plan of the entire underground surrounding rock support is unified to ensure that the underground surrounding rock support effect is stable and reliable. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an adaptive anchor rod for hard rock at different depths and under complex stress conditions, which has strong applicability, is acceptable to engineering construction sites, has a unified on-site construction plan and is not much different from ordinary anchor rods, thereby ensuring that the underground surrounding rock support effect is stable and reliable.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] An adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions, comprising a rod body, an anchoring piece, an anchoring agent isolation sleeve and an anchor head;

[0008] The rod body comprises an anchoring area and a non-anchoring area which are arranged at intervals. The anchor is fixedly arranged in the anchoring area along the circumferential direction of the rod body. The non-anchoring area of ​​the rod body is covered with an anchoring agent isolation sleeve. The anchor head is fixedly arranged at the front end of the rod body.

[0009] Preferably, the anchor has an installation state and a surrounding rock compression state; in the installation state, the top end of the anchor contacts the wall of the anchor rod borehole; in the surrounding rock compression state, the deep surrounding rock deforms, causing the borehole to shrink, the top end of the anchor is squeezed and deformed, the contact area between the top end and the hole wall increases, and the anchoring force increases.

[0010] Preferably, the anchor isolation sleeve isolates the rod body from the anchor, and the anchor isolation sleeve and the rod body can move relative to each other along the axial direction of the rod body.

[0011] Preferably, the anchoring area and the non-anchoring area of ​​the rod body are evenly spaced and distributed.

[0012] Preferably, each anchoring area is provided with four anchoring pieces, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rod body.

[0013] Preferably, each of the anchoring pieces in two adjacent anchoring areas is distributed with a 45° deflection along the circumferential direction of the rod body.

[0014] Preferably, the anchor isolation sleeve is made of elastic material.

[0015] Preferably, in the installed state, the rod body is anchored in a borehole in an underground project, and an anchoring agent is filled in a gap between the rod body and the borehole.

[0016] Preferably, the anchor head is threadedly connected to the rod body through a nut, and the pointed head cover is fixed to the front end of the anchor head.

[0017] Preferably, the anchoring member is an anchoring ratchet.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution has the following technical effects:

[0019] (1) An adaptive anchor bolt suitable for different stress conditions of hard rock can be used from shallow to deep in the entire underground engineering construction process, ensuring the uniformity of the surrounding rock support construction plan.

[0020] (2) The adaptability of the anchor rod is achieved through the anchor ratchet and the rod body between the ratchets. After the adaptive anchor rod is installed, the anchoring force of the anchor rod is provided by the anchoring agent and the anchor ratchet; when the deep surrounding rock deforms and the borehole is compressed radially, the top of the anchor ratchet is squeezed and deformed, the contact area between the top and the hole wall increases, and the anchoring force is also increased. In addition, when the underground surrounding rock deforms significantly along the axial direction of the rod body, the rod body between the ratchets in the non-anchoring area can deform in coordination with the surrounding rock and ensure that the anchor rod is continuously stressed without being broken. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an adaptive anchor structure under different stress conditions of hard rock according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of stress deformation of ratchet teeth of an adaptive anchor rod anchoring under different stress conditions of hard rock according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a side view of the anchoring ratchet structure of the present invention;

[0025] Among them, 1: nut, 2: washer, 3: support plate, 4: rod body, 5: anchor, 6: rod body between ratchet teeth, 7: anchor agent isolation sleeve, 8: anchor hole wall, 9: anchor agent, 10: anchor head, 11: anchor head nut, 12: pointed head cover DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention, so they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", "slightly" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. The change or adjustment of the relative relationship should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0028] The present application discloses an adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions, comprising a rod body 4, an anchoring member 5, an anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 and an anchor head 10;

[0029] The rod body 4 includes an anchoring area and a non-anchoring area that are spaced apart. The anchor 5 is fixedly arranged in the anchoring area along the circumferential direction of the rod body 4 . The non-anchoring area of ​​the rod body 4 is covered with an anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 . The anchor head 10 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the rod body 4 .

[0030] The anchor 5 has an installation state and a surrounding rock compression state; in the installation state, the rod body 4 is anchored in the borehole of the underground project, the anchor 9 is filled in the pores between the rod body 4 and the borehole, and the top of the anchor 5 is in contact with the anchor rod borehole wall 8; in the surrounding rock compression state, the deep surrounding rock is deformed, causing the borehole to shrink, the top of the anchor 5 is squeezed and deformed, the contact area between the top and the hole wall becomes larger, and the anchoring force becomes larger.

[0031] The anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 isolates the rod body 4 from the anchoring agent 9 , and the anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 and the rod body 4 can move relative to each other along the axial direction of the rod body 4 .

[0032] Preferably, the anchoring area and the non-anchoring area of ​​the rod body 4 are evenly spaced and distributed.

[0033] Preferably, each anchoring area is provided with four anchoring pieces 5 which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rod body 4 .

[0034] Preferably, each of the anchoring pieces 5 in two adjacent anchoring areas is distributed with a 45° deflection along the circumferential direction of the rod body 4 .

[0035] Preferably, the anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 is made of elastic material.

[0036] In the present application, the anchor head 10 is threadedly connected to the rod body 4 via a nut 11 , and a pointed head cover 12 is fixed to the front end of the anchor head 10 .

[0037] In one embodiment of the present application, the anchor 5 is an anchoring ratchet.

[0038] The adaptability of the anchor rod 4 of the present application is realized by the anchoring ratchets and the rod body between the ratchets. After the adaptive anchor rod is installed, the anchoring force of the anchor rod 4 is provided by the anchoring agent and the anchoring ratchets. When the deep surrounding rock is deformed and the borehole is compressed in the radial direction, the top of the anchoring ratchet is squeezed and deformed, the contact area between the top and the hole wall becomes larger, and the anchoring force becomes larger accordingly. In addition, when the underground surrounding rock undergoes a large deformation along the axial direction of the rod body, the rod body between the ratchets in the non-anchoring area can deform in coordination with the surrounding rock, and ensure that the anchor rod is continuously stressed and not broken. Under the premise of meeting the support requirements of partial mining and underground engineering, the present invention improves the applicability of the adaptive anchor rod in the entire underground engineering, unifies the on-site construction plan of the entire underground surrounding rock support, and ensures that the underground surrounding rock support effect is stable and reliable, which is of practical significance to the entire underground engineering support field.

[0039] Combine the following Figure 1-3 The present application is further described by the following embodiments:

[0040] An adaptive anchor rod under different stress conditions of hard rock, comprising a nut 1, a washer 2, a support plate 3, a rod body 4, an anchoring ratchet 5, a rod body 6 between the ratchet teeth (a part of the rod body 4), an anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7, and an anchor head 10. The nut 1, the washer 2 and the support plate 3 are sequentially sleeved on one end of the rod body 4. The rod body 4 is the part anchored in the anchor rod borehole of an underground engineering. The characteristics of the present application are: the rod body 4 comprises three parts: an anchoring ratchet 5, a rod body 6 between the ratchet teeth and an anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7, and is divided into a plurality of anchoring areas and non-anchoring areas. The anchor rod ratchet 5 in the anchoring area is directly in contact with the anchoring agent 9 and the wall 8 of the anchor rod borehole for anchoring and bonding. The anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 is sleeved on the rod body in the non-anchoring area. The outer surface of the anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 is directly in contact with the anchoring agent 9 for anchoring and bonding, and the inner surface of the anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 is directly in contact with the rod body 4.

[0041] The anchoring area and the non-anchoring area of ​​the rod body 4 are evenly spaced in the entire rod body 4 .

[0042] Each anchoring area of ​​the rod body 4 has four anchoring ratchets 5 which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rod body.

[0043] The two adjacent anchoring areas of the rod body 4 are arranged in a manner of being rotated 45° along the circumferential direction of the rod body, so as to reduce the resistance when the anchor rod is inserted into the anchoring agent 9.

[0044] The anchoring agent isolation sleeve 7 is made of elastic material to wrap the rod body 4.

[0045] The anchoring agent 9 is epoxy resin.

[0046] The material of the rod body 4 is a material with good mechanical properties, and is characterized by good ductility and deformation performance. After the anchor rod is installed, when the underground surrounding rock is deformed, the anchor rod material can be driven to deform together with it.

[0047] The material of the anchoring ratchet 5 of the rod body 4 is the same as that of the rod body 4. When the anchor rod is installed in place, the top of the anchoring ratchet 5 contacts the wall 8 of the anchor rod borehole. When the deep surrounding rock is deformed and the borehole is reduced, the top of the anchoring ratchet 5 is squeezed and deformed, the contact area between the top and the hole wall increases, and the anchoring force increases at the same time.

[0048] The material of the rod body 6 between the ratchet teeth in the non-anchoring area is the same as that of the rod body 4, and its characteristic is that it can be ductilely deformed when the underground surrounding rock has a large deformation along the axial direction of the rod body, and ensure that the anchor rod is not broken.

[0049] The anchor head 10 can be fixed to one end of the rod body by a nut 11 through a thread, and a pointed cover 12 is installed on the anchor head nut 11 to facilitate the installation of the anchor rod and protect the anchor rod head from damage.

[0050] The diameter of the anchoring ratchet 5 is greater than the diameter of the rod body 4 .

[0051] The diameter of the rod body 6 between the ratchet teeth is the diameter of the anchor rod body 4 .

[0052] The diameter of the anchor head 10 is greater than the diameter of the rod body 4 .

[0053] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0054] (1) An adaptive anchor rod for different stress conditions of hard rock, which can be used from shallow to deep in the entire underground engineering construction process, ensuring the uniformity of the surrounding rock support construction plan.

[0055] (2) The adaptability of the anchor rod is realized by the anchoring ratchet 5 and the rod body 6 between the ratchets. After the adaptive anchor rod is installed, the anchoring force of the anchor rod is provided by the anchoring agent 9 and the anchoring ratchet 5. When the deep surrounding rock deforms and causes radial compression of the borehole, the top of the anchoring ratchet 5 is squeezed and deformed, and the contact area between the top and the hole wall increases, and the anchoring force increases accordingly. In addition, when the underground surrounding rock deforms greatly along the axial direction of the rod body, the rod body 6 between the ratchets in the non-anchoring area can deform in coordination with the surrounding rock and ensure that the anchor rod is continuously stressed and not broken.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions, characterized in that: It comprises a rod body (4), an anchoring piece (5), an anchoring agent isolation sleeve (7) and an anchor head (10); The rod body (4) comprises an anchoring area and a non-anchoring area which are arranged at intervals, the anchoring piece (5) is fixedly arranged in the anchoring area along the circumferential direction of the rod body (4), the non-anchoring area of ​​the rod body (4) is covered with an anchoring agent isolation sleeve (7), and the anchor head (10) is fixedly arranged at the front end of the rod body (4).

2. The adaptive anchor rod under different stress conditions of hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor (5) has an installed state and a surrounding rock compression state; In the installed state, the top of the anchor (5) contacts the wall (8) of the anchor hole; in the surrounding rock compression state, the deep surrounding rock deforms, causing the borehole to shrink, and the top of the anchor (5) is squeezed and deformed, the contact area between the top and the hole wall increases, and the anchoring force increases.

3. The adaptive anchor rod under different stress conditions of hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring agent isolation sleeve (7) isolates the rod body (4) from the anchoring agent (9), and the anchoring agent isolation sleeve (7) and the rod body (4) can move relative to each other along the axial direction of the rod body (4).

4. The adaptive anchor rod under different stress conditions of hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring area and the non-anchoring area of ​​the rod body (4) are evenly spaced and distributed.

5. The adaptive anchor rod under different stress conditions of hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each anchoring area is provided with four anchoring pieces (5), which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rod body (4).

6. The adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the anchoring pieces (5) in two adjacent anchoring areas is distributed with a deflection of 45° along the circumferential direction of the rod body (4).

7. The adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring agent isolation sleeve (7) is made of elastic material.

8. The adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the installed state, the rod body (4) is anchored in a borehole in an underground project, and an anchoring agent (9) is filled in the gap between the rod body (4) and the borehole.

9. The adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor head (10) is threadedly connected to the rod body (4) via a nut (11), and a pointed head cover (12) is fixed to the front end of the anchor head (10).

10. The self-adaptive anchor rod for hard rock under different stress conditions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring piece (5) is an anchoring ratchet.

Images