A multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism and its design method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism and its design method. The multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism includes a rotating disk, a composite disk, a moving disk, and rolling elements. The rotating disk is connected to a power input shaft and has a first helical groove. The composite disk has second helical grooves on both sides. The moving disk is connected to a pressure-receiving component and has a third helical groove. The helix angles of the first and second helical grooves, and the second and third helical grooves, are opposite. The rolling elements are disposed between the first and second helical grooves and between the second and third helical grooves. The first and second helical grooves, and the second and third helical grooves, are staggered. This multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism can maintain efficient force transmission while ensuring sufficient displacement output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive parts manufacturing technology, and more specifically, relates to a multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force amplification and pressurization mechanism and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] Unlike traditional lead screw structures, the displacement output of a ball bearing ramp structure is determined by the height difference between the start and end points of the raceway. Since the raceway is located on the end face of the mechanism's disc, given a ramp angle, the overall displacement output depends primarily on the distribution radius of the rolling elements (i.e., the balls). While a larger distribution radius increases the displacement output space, it also reduces force transmission efficiency, which is undesirable for applications requiring high thrust. Conversely, a too-small ball distribution radius limits the displacement output range, thus affecting the overall system's stroke performance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings and drawbacks of existing technologies, the first objective of this invention is to provide a multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism that can maintain efficient force transmission while ensuring sufficient displacement output.

[0004] The second objective of this invention is to provide a design method for a multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:

[0006] A multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism includes a rotating disk, a composite disk, a movable disk, and rolling elements disposed between the rotating disk and the composite disk, and between the composite disk and the movable disk, wherein...

[0007] The rotating disk is connected to the power input shaft and has a first helical groove. The composite disk has second helical grooves on both sides. The movable disk is connected to the pressure-bearing component and has a third helical groove. The helix angles of the first and second helical grooves, as well as the helix angles of the second and third helical grooves, are opposite. The rolling element is disposed between the first and second helical grooves and between the second and third helical grooves.

[0008] The first spiral groove and the second spiral groove, as well as the second spiral groove and the third spiral groove, are staggered. When the distance between the rotating disk and the composite disk and the composite disk and the moving disk is the minimum, the rolling element is located at the lowest point of the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the third spiral groove. When the distance between the rotating disk and the composite disk and the composite disk and the moving disk is the maximum, the rolling element is located at the highest point of the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the third spiral groove.

[0009] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the composite disks are in multiple sets, and along the rotation direction of the power input shaft, the helix angles of the second spiral grooves on the opposing surfaces of two adjacent sets of composite disks are opposite.

[0010] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: there are multiple rolling elements, and correspondingly, there are multiple sets of the first spiral groove, the second spiral groove, and the third spiral groove; constraint components for causing the multiple rolling elements to rotate synchronously are provided between the rotating disk and the composite disk, and between the composite disk and the moving disk, the constraint components being linkage plates, and the linkage plates being provided with mounting grooves for mounting the rolling elements.

[0011] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the rolling element is a ball bearing; the mounting groove is a spherical groove, and the ball bearing is mounted in the spherical groove.

[0012] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is that: there are three sets of the first spiral groove, the second spiral groove, and the third spiral groove, and the included angle between two adjacent sets of the first spiral groove, the second spiral groove, and the third spiral groove is 120 degrees; correspondingly, there are also three sets of balls between the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove, and between the second spiral groove and the third spiral groove.

[0013] A preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes a limiting structure for radially limiting the composite disk, the limiting structure being used to restrict radial movement of the composite disk.

[0014] The working principle of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention is as follows:

[0015] In the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention, the rotating disk is mounted on the power input shaft, and the moving disk is connected to the pressure-bearing component. When not in operation, the distance between the rotating disk and the composite disk, and between the composite disk and the moving disk, is minimal, and the rolling element is located at the lowest point of the first helical groove, the second helical groove, and the second helical groove and the third helical groove. When an increased force is required, the power input shaft drives the rotating disk to rotate, and the first helical groove on the rotating disk causes the rolling element to roll within the first and second helical grooves. During this process, since the first and second helical grooves are normally offset, they gradually overlap as the power input shaft rotates; thus, the rolling element moves within the first and second helical grooves. The climbing motion means that the rolling element moves from the lowest point to the highest point of the first helical groove, and at the same time, the rolling element also moves from the lowest point to the highest point of the second helical groove. Assuming that the climbing distance of the rolling element in the first helical groove is L, then the axial displacement of the composite disk is 2L, thereby driving the moving disk to move linearly. In addition, since the rolling element also drives the composite disk to rotate when the rotating disk rotates, the rolling element between the composite disk and the moving disk also makes a climbing motion in the second and third helical grooves, thereby driving the moving disk to move axially again. Assuming that the maximum output displacement between the rotating disk and the composite disk is X, then the maximum output displacement of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism of the present invention is 2X. This can maintain efficient force transmission while ensuring sufficient displacement output.

[0016] Furthermore, the unique configuration of the multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention not only increases the system's flexibility but also improves the overall force transmission efficiency, providing an excellent solution, especially for applications requiring large thrust output but with limited space. By precisely controlling the number of layers of the composite discs and the helix angle in each layer, the working performance of the multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention can be further optimized, making it more adaptable to diverse working needs.

[0017] A design method for a multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and compression mechanism includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Determine the design parameters of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force enhancement and pressurization mechanism, wherein the design parameters include the number of spiral grooves, the radius of curvature of the spiral grooves, the helix angle of the spiral grooves, the number of rolling elements between two adjacent discs, the radius of the rolling elements, and the number of discs;

[0019] Step 2: Determine the optimization objectives, which include minimizing friction loss, maximizing load-bearing capacity, minimizing weight, and maximizing fatigue life;

[0020] Step 3: Establish the objective function between each optimization objective and the design parameters;

[0021] Step 4: Use the NSGA-II algorithm to build a multi-objective optimization model and optimize the design parameters to obtain the best design scheme.

[0022] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: In step 3, the construction steps of the objective function regarding the load-bearing capacity are as follows:

[0023] Step 301: Calculate the equivalent radius of curvature and equivalent elastic modulus between the rolling element and the helical groove, where,

[0024] The equivalent radius of curvature is:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula: R 等效 R is the equivalent radius of curvature; 曲率 r is the radius of curvature of the spiral groove; 滚动体 The radius of the rolling element;

[0027] The equivalent elastic modulus is:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula: E 等效 E1 is the elastic modulus of the rolling element; E2 is the elastic modulus of the helical groove; v1 is the elastic modulus of the rolling element; v2 is the elastic modulus of the helical groove.

[0030] Step 302: Calculate the contact radius 'a' and the maximum contact stress 'σ' of the contact area between the rolling element and the helical groove. max ;in,

[0031] The contact radius a is:

[0032]

[0033] The maximum contact stress σ max for:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula: F is the load borne by a single rolling element;

[0036]

[0037] In the formula: F 总 The total external load is the force required to be applied by the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism.

[0038] Step 303: Calculate the maximum allowable load F in the contact area between the rolling element and the helical groove. 允许 ;

[0039]

[0040] In the formula: σ 极限 The ultimate contact strength of the material;

[0041] Substituting the contact radius 'a' from step 302, we get:

[0042]

[0043] Step 304: Calculate the total load-bearing capacity C of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope boosting and pressurizing mechanism. 承载能力 :

[0044] C 承载能力 =N 滚动体 ·F 允许

[0045] F in step 303 允许 Substituting into the above equation, we get:

[0046]

[0047] Where: N 滚动体 This represents the number of rolling elements.

[0048] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: In step 3, the steps for constructing the objective function regarding fatigue life are as follows:

[0049] Step 311: Determine the contact radius a and the maximum contact stress σ max Functional relationship between them:

[0050]

[0051] Step 312: Obtain the fatigue index m of the material through the SN curve, and obtain the maximum contact stress σ. max The fatigue life L is obtained by combining the fatigue index m of the material. 寿命 ;

[0052]

[0053] In the formula: C is the fatigue strength constant of the material.

[0054] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: In step 3, the steps for constructing the objective function for friction loss are as follows:

[0055] Step 321: Calculate the rolling friction loss L between the rolling element and the helical groove. 滚动 :

[0056]

[0057] Where: μ 滚动 V is the coefficient of rolling friction; v is the linear velocity of the rolling element;

[0058] Step 322: Calculate the sliding friction loss L between the rolling element and the helical groove. 滑动 :

[0059]

[0060] Where: μ 滑动 γ is the coefficient of sliding friction; γ is the ratio of sliding speed to rolling speed.

[0061] Step 323: Calculate the lubricating oil film loss L between the rolling element and the spiral groove. 润滑 :

[0062]

[0063] In the formula: η is the dynamic viscosity of the lubricating oil; v1 is the given speed, which is a preset or given relative motion speed;

[0064] Step 324: Calculate the total friction loss L between the rolling element and the spiral groove. 总 :

[0065] L 总 =L 滚动 +L 滑动 +L 润滑

[0066] Substitute and get

[0067]

[0068] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: In step 3, the construction step of the objective function regarding weight is as follows:

[0069] Step 331: Calculate the total mass W of the rolling elements. 滚动体 ;

[0070]

[0071] In the formula: ρ1 is the density of the rolling element; L 层数 The number of disks is defined as follows: the disks include movable disks, composite disks, and rotating disks.

[0072] Step 332: Calculate the weight W of the disk. 盘体 :

[0073] First, calculate the path length L of the spiral groove. 螺旋槽;

[0074]

[0075] In the formula: 2πR 分布 R is the circumferential length of the spiral groove. 分布 h is the distribution radius of the rolling element; 提升 The axial lifting height of the spiral groove is expressed as:

[0076] h 提升 =2πR 分布 ·tan(α1)

[0077] Substitute h 提升 The expression for the path length L of the spiral groove. 螺旋槽 for:

[0078]

[0079] In the formula: α1 is the helix angle;

[0080] Next, since the cross-section of the spiral groove is semi-circular, the volume V of a single spiral groove is... 单螺旋槽 :

[0081]

[0082] In the formula: A 螺旋槽 This is the cross-sectional area of ​​a single spiral groove;

[0083] Subsequently, since the disk is cylindrical, its volume calculation requires subtracting the volume of the spiral groove:

[0084]

[0085] In the formula: t 盘体 The thickness of the disk body;

[0086] Step 333: Calculate the total weight of the disk:

[0087] W 盘体 =ρ 盘体 ·V 盘体 ·L 层数

[0088] In the formula: ρ 盘体 This refers to the number of disks.

[0089] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: In step 4, the construction steps of the multi-objective optimization model are as follows:

[0090] Step S1: Set the population size, maximum number of generations, crossover probability, and mutation probability;

[0091] Step S2: Initialize the population;

[0092] Step S3: Calculate the objective function and perform Pareto classification on the population;

[0093] Step S4: Calculate the crowding level of individuals under each Pareto level;

[0094] Step S5: Perform selection, crossover, and mutation operations;

[0095] Step S6: Use an elite selection strategy to generate a new population;

[0096] Step S7: Set the maximum number of generations (Gen) as the termination condition. If the maximum number of generations is not met, increment the evolution count by 1 and return to step S3 to continue running. If the maximum number of evolutions is met or the population converges, the optimization ends and the final Pareto solution set is obtained.

[0097] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is as follows: In step S5, the tournament algorithm is used to compare the non-dominance level and crowding distance of individuals to determine individuals; the selected individuals are subjected to parent crossover using a simulated binary crossover algorithm to generate new offspring; and the individuals that generate new offspring are subjected to an adaptive mutation strategy to mutate them to generate new solutions.

[0098] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0099] 1. The multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention can maintain efficient force transmission while ensuring sufficient displacement output.

[0100] 2. The unique configuration of the multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention not only increases the flexibility of the system but also improves the overall force transmission efficiency, providing an excellent solution, especially for applications requiring large thrust output but with limited space. By precisely controlling the number of layers of the composite discs and the helix angle in each layer, the working performance of the multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention can be further optimized, making it more adaptable to diverse working needs.

[0101] 3. The multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-enhancing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention overcomes the inherent contradiction between the distribution radius of the rolling elements and the torque conversion efficiency. By refining the management of axial space, it achieves the goal of ensuring sufficient displacement output while maintaining efficient force transmission. Specifically, by carefully planning the specific parameters of the multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-enhancing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention, such as the helix angle, the radius of curvature of the helical groove, the radius of the rolling elements, and the number of helical grooves, the axial action distance can be effectively extended without sacrificing too much efficiency, thereby better serving practical application scenarios with strict thrust requirements.

[0102] 4. The multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention not only solves the problem that a single-layer ball bearing ramp mechanism is difficult to balance displacement and working efficiency, but also provides a new direction for the development of efficient motion conversion mechanisms in new energy vehicles and other related fields in the future. Attached Figure Description

[0103] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0104] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating disk.

[0105] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composite disk structure.

[0106] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the portable hard drive.

[0107] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage plate and ball bearings.

[0108] Figure 6 This is a simplified structural diagram of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention.

[0109] Figure 7 This is a simplified structural diagram of the limiting structure.

[0110] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the ball motion between the rotating disk and the composite disk.

[0111] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating the design of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0112] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0113] See Figures 1-8 The multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention includes a rotating disk 1, a composite disk 2, a movable disk 3, and a rolling element 4 disposed between the rotating disk 1 and the composite disk 2, and between the composite disk 2 and the movable disk 3, wherein,

[0114] The rotating disk 1 is connected to the power input shaft 9, and the rotating disk 1 is provided with a first spiral groove 101; the composite disk 2 is provided with a second spiral groove 201 on both sides; the movable disk 3 is connected to the pressure-bearing component, and the movable disk 3 is provided with a third spiral groove 301; the spiral helix angles of the first spiral groove 101 and the second spiral groove 201, as well as the second spiral groove 201 and the third spiral groove 301, are opposite in direction; the rolling element 4 is disposed between the first spiral groove 101 and the second spiral groove 201, and between the second spiral groove 201 and the third spiral groove 301;

[0115] The first spiral groove 101 and the second spiral groove 201, as well as the second spiral groove 201 and the third spiral groove 301, are staggered. When the distance between the rotating disk 1 and the composite disk 2, as well as the composite disk 2 and the moving disk 3, is at its minimum, the rolling element 4 is located at the lowest point 6 of the first spiral groove 101, the second spiral groove 201, the second spiral groove 201, and the third spiral groove 301. When the distance between the rotating disk 1 and the composite disk 2, as well as the composite disk 2 and the moving disk 3, is at its maximum, the rolling element 4 is located at the highest point 7 of the first spiral groove 101, the second spiral groove 201, the second spiral groove 201, and the third spiral groove 301.

[0116] In this embodiment, there are multiple sets of composite disks 2. Along the rotation direction of the power input shaft 9, the second spiral grooves 201 on the opposing surfaces of two adjacent sets of composite disks 2 are staggered and the spiral helix angles are opposite in direction. This way, the axial displacement can be increased by increasing the number of composite disks 2.

[0117] See Figures 1-8 The rotating disk 1 and the composite disk 2, as well as the composite disk 2 and the moving disk 3, are provided with constraint components for causing multiple rolling elements 4 to rotate synchronously. The constraint component is a linkage plate 5, which is provided with a mounting groove for mounting the rolling elements 4. The rolling elements 4 are balls. The mounting groove is a spherical groove, and the balls are mounted in the spherical groove.

[0118] By setting the constraint component, all balls in the same plane can be constrained and rotated synchronously. Since the balls installed in the spherical groove can roll freely, when one ball rolls along the spiral groove, the linkage plate 5 can drive the other balls to roll synchronously in the corresponding spiral groove, thereby ensuring that the position of each ball in the spiral channel is the same. This ensures that the direction of the output displacement and force is the axial direction of the moving disk 3, and also prevents the phenomenon of some balls sliding due to inconsistent positions in the spiral groove.

[0119] See Figures 1-8 The first spiral groove 101, the second spiral groove 201, and the third spiral groove 301 are all in three groups, and the included angle between any two adjacent groups of the first spiral groove 101, the second spiral groove 201, and the third spiral groove 301 is 120 degrees; correspondingly, the balls between the first spiral groove 101 and the second spiral groove 201, and between the second spiral groove 201 and the third spiral groove 301 are also in three groups.

[0120] See Figures 1-8 The multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention further includes a limiting structure for radially limiting the composite disk 2. The limiting structure is used to restrict the radial displacement of the composite disk 2. The limiting structure is a limiting shaft 8. The limiting shaft 8 is coaxial with the power input shaft 9 and is nested inside and outside. A bearing 10 is provided between the two. The composite disk 2 is slidably connected to the limiting shaft 8. The power input shaft 9 drives the rotating disk 1 to rotate, thereby driving the composite disk 2 to move axially on the limiting shaft 8. At the same time, friction transmission drives the composite disk 2 and the limiting shaft 8 for mounting the composite disk 2 to rotate, thereby driving the moving disk 3 to move axially.

[0121] See Figures 1-8 The working principle of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention is as follows:

[0122] In the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention, the rotating disk 1 is mounted on the power input shaft 9, and the moving disk 3 is connected to the pressure-bearing component. When not in operation, the distance between the rotating disk 1 and the composite disk 2, and between the composite disk 2 and the moving disk 3, is at its minimum, and the rolling element 4 is located at the lowest point 6 of the first helical groove 101, the second helical groove 201, and the second helical groove 201 and the third helical groove 301. When an increased force is required, the power input shaft 9 drives the rotating disk 1 to rotate, and the first helical groove 101 on the rotating disk 1 causes the rolling element 4 to roll within the first helical groove 101 and the second helical groove 201. During this process, since the first helical groove 101 and the second helical groove 201 are normally offset from each other, as the power input shaft 9 rotates, the first helical groove 101 and the second helical groove 201 will gradually overlap. Thus, the rolling element 4 will roll within the first helical groove 101 and the second helical groove 201. The rolling element 4 moves upward in the second spiral groove 201, which means that the rolling element 4 moves from the lowest point 6 to the highest point 7 of the first spiral groove 101. At the same time, the rolling element 4 also moves from the lowest point 6 to the highest point 7 of the second spiral groove 201. Assuming that the climbing distance of the rolling element 4 in the first spiral groove 101 is L, then the axial displacement of the composite disk 2 is 2L, thereby driving the moving disk 3 to move linearly. In addition, since the rolling element 4 also drives the composite disk 2 to rotate when the rotating disk 1 rotates, the rolling element 4 between the composite disk 2 and the moving disk 3 also moves upward in the second spiral groove 201 and the third spiral groove 301, thereby driving the moving disk 3 to move axially again. Assuming that the maximum output displacement between the rotating disk 1 and the composite disk 2 is X, then the maximum output displacement of the multi-layer composite ball slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention is 2X. This can maintain efficient force transmission while ensuring sufficient displacement output.

[0123] Furthermore, the unique configuration of the multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention not only increases the flexibility of the system but also improves the overall force transmission efficiency, providing an excellent solution, especially for applications requiring large thrust output but with limited space. By precisely controlling the number of layers of the composite disc 2 and the helix angle in each layer of the composite disc 2, the working performance of the multi-layer composite ball bearing ramp force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention can be further optimized, making it more adaptable to diverse working needs.

[0124] See Figure 9 The design method of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0125] Step 1: Determine the design parameters of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism;

[0126] In this embodiment, the design parameters include the number of spiral grooves, the radius of curvature of the spiral grooves, the helix angle of the spiral grooves, the radius of the rolling elements, and the number of discs.

[0127] Step 2: Define the optimization objective;

[0128] In this embodiment, the optimization objectives include minimizing friction loss, maximizing load-bearing capacity, minimizing weight, and maximizing fatigue life.

[0129] Step 3: Establish the objective function between each optimization objective and the design parameters; specifically,

[0130] (1) The steps for constructing the objective function for bearing capacity are as follows:

[0131] Step 301: Calculate the equivalent radius of curvature and equivalent elastic modulus between the rolling element and the helical groove, where,

[0132] The equivalent radius of curvature is:

[0133]

[0134] In the formula: R 等效 R is the equivalent radius of curvature; 曲率 r is the radius of curvature of the spiral groove; 滚动体 The radius of the rolling element;

[0135] The equivalent elastic modulus is:

[0136]

[0137] In the formula: E 等效 E1 is the elastic modulus of the rolling element; E2 is the elastic modulus of the helical groove; v1 is the elastic modulus of the rolling element; v2 is the elastic modulus of the helical groove.

[0138] Step 302: Calculate the contact radius 'a' and the maximum contact stress 'σ' of the contact area between the rolling element and the helical groove. max ;in,

[0139] The contact radius a is:

[0140]

[0141] The maximum contact stress σ max for:

[0142]

[0143] In the formula: F is the load borne by a single rolling element;

[0144]

[0145] In the formula: F 总 The total external load is the force required to be applied by the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism.

[0146] Step 303: Calculate the maximum allowable load F in the contact area between the rolling element and the helical groove. 允许 ;

[0147]

[0148] In the formula: σ 极限 The ultimate contact strength of the material;

[0149] Substituting the contact radius 'a' from step 302, we get:

[0150]

[0151] Step 304: Calculate the total load-bearing capacity C of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope boosting and pressurizing mechanism. 承载能力 :

[0152] C 承载能力 =N 滚动体 ·F 允许

[0153] F in step 303 允许 Substituting into the above equation, we get:

[0154]

[0155] Where: N 滚动体 This represents the number of rolling elements.

[0156] (2) Since the contact between the rolling element and the helical raceway is a typical point contact model, the steps for constructing the objective function for fatigue life are as follows:

[0157] Step 311: Determine the contact radius a and the maximum contact stress σ max Functional relationship between them:

[0158]

[0159] Step 312: Obtain the fatigue index m of the material through the SN curve (stress-life curve), and obtain the maximum contact stress σ. max The fatigue life L is obtained by combining the fatigue index m of the material. 寿命 ;

[0160]

[0161] Substituting, we get:

[0162]

[0163] In the formula: C is the fatigue strength constant of the material, which is obtained through experiments;

[0164] (3) Integrating the theories of Coulomb friction, Hertzian contact, and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), the effects of lubricating oil film thickness and viscosity on friction are incorporated into the objective function. Simultaneously, the influence of mixed rolling and sliding friction is fully considered, providing more comprehensive guidance for engineering optimization. Therefore, the steps for constructing the objective function for friction loss are as follows:

[0165] Step 321: Calculate the rolling friction loss L between the rolling element and the helical groove. 滚动 :

[0166]

[0167] Where: μ 滚动 V is the coefficient of rolling friction; v is the linear velocity of the rolling element;

[0168] Step 322: Calculate the sliding friction loss L between the rolling element and the helical groove. 滑动 :

[0169]

[0170] Where: μ 滑动 γ is the coefficient of sliding friction; γ is the ratio of sliding speed to rolling speed.

[0171] Step 323: Calculate the lubricating oil film loss L between the rolling element and the spiral groove. 润滑 :

[0172]

[0173] In the formula: η is the dynamic viscosity of the lubricating oil; v1 is the given speed;

[0174] Step 324: Calculate the total friction loss L between the rolling element and the spiral groove. 总 :

[0175] L 总 =L 滚动 +L 滑动 +L 润滑

[0176] Substitute and get

[0177]

[0178] (4) The steps for constructing the objective function for weight are as follows:

[0179] Step 331: Calculate the total mass W of the rolling elements. 滚动体;

[0180]

[0181] In the formula: ρ1 is the density of the rolling element; L 层数 The number of disks is defined as follows: the disks include movable disks, composite disks, and rotating disks.

[0182] Step 332: Calculate the weight W of the disk. 盘体 :

[0183] First, calculate the path length L of the spiral groove. 螺旋槽 ;

[0184]

[0185] In the formula: 2πR 分布 R is the circumferential length of the spiral groove. 分布 h is the distribution radius of the rolling element; 提升 The axial lifting height of the spiral groove is expressed as:

[0186] h 提升 =2πR 分布 ·tan(α1)

[0187] Substitute h 提升 The expression for the path length L of the spiral groove. 螺旋槽 for:

[0188]

[0189] In the formula: α1 is the helix angle;

[0190] Next, since the cross-section of the spiral groove is semi-circular, the volume V of a single spiral groove is... 单螺旋槽 :

[0191]

[0192] In the formula: A 螺旋槽 This is the cross-sectional area of ​​a single spiral groove;

[0193] Subsequently, since the disk is cylindrical, its volume calculation requires subtracting the volume of the spiral groove:

[0194]

[0195] In the formula: t 盘体 The thickness of the disk body;

[0196] Step 333: Calculate the total weight of the disk:

[0197] W 盘体 =ρ 盘体 ·V盘体 ·L 层数

[0198] In the formula: ρ 盘体 This refers to the number of disks.

[0199] Step 4: Use the NSGA-II algorithm to construct a multi-objective optimization model and optimize the design parameters to obtain the optimal design scheme. The construction steps of the multi-objective optimization model are as follows:

[0200] Step S1: Set the population size, maximum number of generations, crossover probability, and mutation probability;

[0201] Step S2: Initialize the population;

[0202] Step S3: Calculate the objective function and perform Pareto classification on the population;

[0203] Step S4: Calculate the crowding level of individuals under each Pareto level;

[0204] Step S5: Perform selection, crossover, and mutation operations;

[0205] In this embodiment, the tournament algorithm is used to compare the non-dominance level and crowding distance of individuals to determine the individuals; the selected individuals are crossbred using a simulated binary crossover algorithm to generate new offspring; and an adaptive mutation strategy is used to mutate the individuals that generate new offspring to generate new solutions.

[0206] Step S6: Use an elite selection strategy to generate a new population;

[0207] Step S7: Set the maximum number of generations (Gen) as the termination condition. If the maximum number of generations is not met, increment the evolution count by 1 and return to step S3 to continue running. If the maximum number of generations is met or the population converges, the optimization ends and the final Pareto solution set is obtained, which is the optimal design parameters (number of spiral grooves, radius of curvature of spiral grooves, spiral helix angle of spiral grooves, radius of rolling elements, and number of disks).

[0208] The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above content. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism, characterized in that, It includes a rotating disk, a composite disk, a movable disk, and a rolling element disposed between the rotating disk and the composite disk, and between the composite disk and the movable disk, wherein, The rotating disk is connected to the power input shaft and has a first helical groove. The composite disk has second helical grooves on both sides. The movable disk is connected to the pressure-bearing component and has a third helical groove. The helix angles of the first and second helical grooves, as well as the helix angles of the second and third helical grooves, are opposite. The rolling element is disposed between the first and second helical grooves and between the second and third helical grooves. The first spiral groove and the second spiral groove, as well as the second spiral groove and the third spiral groove, are staggered. When the distance between the rotating disk and the composite disk and the composite disk and the moving disk is the minimum, the rolling element is located at the lowest point of the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the third spiral groove. When the distance between the rotating disk and the composite disk and the composite disk and the moving disk is the maximum, the rolling element is located at the highest point of the first spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the second spiral groove and the third spiral groove.

2. The multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite discs are in multiple sets, and along the rotation direction of the power input shaft, the helix angles of the second spiral grooves on the opposing surfaces of adjacent sets of composite discs are opposite.

3. The multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple rolling elements, and correspondingly, there are multiple sets of the first spiral groove, the second spiral groove, and the third spiral groove; constraint components for causing multiple rolling elements to rotate synchronously are provided between the rotating disk and the composite disk, and between the composite disk and the moving disk. The constraint components are linkage plates, and the linkage plates are provided with mounting grooves for mounting the rolling elements.

4. A design method for the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force amplification and pressurization mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Determine the design parameters of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force enhancement and pressurization mechanism, wherein the design parameters include the number of spiral grooves, the radius of curvature of the spiral grooves, the helix angle of the spiral grooves, the number of rolling elements between two adjacent discs, the radius of the rolling elements, and the number of discs; Step 2: Determine the optimization objectives, which include minimizing friction loss, maximizing load-bearing capacity, minimizing weight, and maximizing fatigue life; Step 3: Establish the objective function between each optimization objective and the design parameters; Step 4: Use the NSGA-II algorithm to build a multi-objective optimization model and optimize the design parameters to obtain the best design solution.

5. The design method of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 3, the steps for constructing the objective function regarding bearing capacity are as follows: Step 301: Calculate the equivalent radius of curvature and equivalent elastic modulus between the rolling element and the helical groove, where, The equivalent radius of curvature is: In the formula: R 等效 R is the equivalent radius of curvature; 曲率 r is the radius of curvature of the spiral groove; 滚动体 The radius of the rolling element; The equivalent elastic modulus is: In the formula: E 等效 E1 is the elastic modulus of the rolling element; E2 is the elastic modulus of the helical groove; v1 is the elastic modulus of the rolling element; v2 is the elastic modulus of the helical groove. Step 302: Calculate the contact radius 'a' and the maximum contact stress 'σ' of the contact area between the rolling element and the helical groove. max ;in, The contact radius a is: The maximum contact stress σ max for: In the formula: F is the load borne by a single rolling element; In the formula: F 总 The total external load is the force required to be applied by the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism. Step 303: Calculate the maximum allowable load F in the contact area between the rolling element and the helical groove. 允许 ; Where: σ 极限 The ultimate contact strength of the material; Substituting the contact radius 'a' from step 302, we get: Step 304: Calculate the total load-bearing capacity C of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope boosting and pressurizing mechanism. 承载能力 : C 承载能力 =N 滚动体 ·F 允许 F in step 303 允许 Substituting into the above equation, we get: Where: N 滚动体 This represents the number of rolling elements.

6. The design method of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 3, the steps for constructing the objective function for fatigue life are as follows: Step 311: Determine the contact radius a and the maximum contact stress σ max Functional relationship between them: Step 312: Obtain the fatigue index m of the material through the SN curve, and obtain the maximum contact stress σ. max The fatigue life L is obtained by combining the fatigue index m of the material. 寿命 ; In the formula: C is the fatigue strength constant of the material.

7. The design method of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step 3, the steps for constructing the objective function for friction loss are as follows: Step 321: Calculate the rolling friction loss L between the rolling element and the helical groove. 滚动 : Where: μ 滚动 V is the coefficient of rolling friction; v is the linear velocity of the rolling element; Step 322: Calculate the sliding friction loss L between the rolling element and the helical groove. 滑动 : Where: μ 滑动 γ is the coefficient of sliding friction; γ is the ratio of sliding speed to rolling speed. Step 323: Calculate the lubricating oil film loss L between the rolling element and the spiral groove. 润滑 : In the formula: η is the dynamic viscosity of the lubricating oil; v1 is the given speed; Step 324: Calculate the total friction loss L between the rolling element and the spiral groove. 总 : L 总 =L 滚动 +L 滑动 +L 润滑 Substitute and get 8. The design method of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 3, the steps for constructing the objective function for weight are as follows: Step 331: Calculate the total mass W of the rolling elements. 滚动体 ; In the formula: ρ1 is the density of the rolling element; L 层数 The number of disks is defined as follows: the disks include movable disks, composite disks, and rotating disks. Step 332: Calculate the weight W of the disk. 盘体 : First, calculate the path length L of the spiral groove. 螺旋槽 ; In the formula: 2πR 分布 R is the circumferential length of the spiral groove. 分布 h is the distribution radius of the rolling element; 提升 The axial lifting height of the spiral groove is expressed as: h 提升 =2πR 分布 ·tan(α1) Substitute h 提升 The expression for the path length L of the spiral groove. 螺旋槽 for: In the formula: α1 is the helix angle; Next, since the cross-section of the spiral groove is semi-circular, the volume V of a single spiral groove is... 单螺旋槽 : In the formula: A 螺旋槽 This is the cross-sectional area of ​​a single spiral groove; Subsequently, since the disk is cylindrical, its volume calculation requires subtracting the volume of the spiral groove: In the formula: t 盘体 The thickness of the disk body; Step 333: Calculate the total weight of the disk: W 盘体 =ρ 盘体 ·V 盘体 ·L 层数 In the formula: ρ 盘体 This refers to the number of disks.

9. The design method of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step 4, the construction steps of the multi-objective optimization model are as follows: Step S1: Set the population size, maximum number of generations, crossover probability, and mutation probability; Step S2: Initialize the population; Step S3: Calculate the objective function and perform Pareto classification on the population; Step S4: Calculate the crowding level of individuals under each Pareto level; Step S5: Perform selection, crossover, and mutation operations; Step S6: Use an elite selection strategy to generate a new population; Step S7: Set the maximum number of generations (Gen) as the termination condition. If the maximum number of generations is not met, increment the evolution count by 1 and return to step S3 to continue running. If the maximum number of evolutions is met or the population converges, the optimization ends and the final Pareto solution set is obtained.

10. The design method of the multi-layer composite ball bearing slope force-increasing and pressurizing mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S5, the tournament algorithm is used to compare the non-dominance level and crowding distance of individuals to determine the individuals; the simulated binary crossover algorithm is used to perform parent crossover on the selected individuals to generate new offspring; an adaptive mutation strategy is used to mutate the individuals that generate new offspring to generate new solutions.

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