A high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system and method

Abstract

This application discloses a high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system and method, relating to the field of solar energy storage technology. By combining a heat transfer enhancement interlayer, phase change material, and heat transfer enhancement device, the system balances the optimal operating temperature and optimal heat absorption and utilization efficiency of the solar panel, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy. The system includes a solar phase change thermal storage device, a temperature sensor, and a control unit; the solar panel, heat transfer enhancement interlayer, and phase change material are stacked within the device; the heat transfer enhancement device can generate a cavitation bubble cloud that can disrupt the temperature boundary layer of the solar phase change thermal storage device; the control unit can compare the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor with a preset value; when the temperature value is greater than the preset value, it controls the introduction of a heat transfer fluid into the heat transfer enhancement interlayer; when the temperature value is again greater than the preset value, it controls the phased array ultrasound generator to operate. This application also provides a thermal storage method based on the above system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solar energy storage technology, and in particular to a high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal energy storage system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy, as a sustainable and clean energy source, has received widespread attention. Using solar panels to convert solar energy is a common and mature technology. However, due to limitations in the material properties of solar panels, the energy conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon and perovskite solar panels is generally below 20%, with a significant portion of energy lost as heat. Furthermore, the heat generated causes the solar panel temperature to rise, leading to a sharp decrease in efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device to improve solar energy utilization efficiency and enhance solar energy conversion efficiency.

[0003] Phase change materials (PCMs) are a good energy storage material that can absorb and store additional heat generated, thus solving the mismatch between the time and space of solar energy utilization. However, they cannot simultaneously achieve the optimal operating temperature and optimal heat absorption and utilization efficiency of solar panels, resulting in a still relatively low utilization rate of solar energy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of this application provide a high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system and method. By combining a heat transfer enhancement interlayer, a phase change material, and a heat transfer enhancement device, the system balances the optimal operating temperature of the solar panel with the optimal heat absorption and utilization efficiency, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in one aspect, embodiments of this application provide a high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system, including a high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage device, temperature sensors, and a control unit; the high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage device includes an adjustable support and a solar photovoltaic conversion device, a solar phase change thermal storage device, and a heat transfer enhancement device disposed on the adjustable support; the solar photovoltaic conversion device and the solar phase change thermal storage device are stacked vertically, with the heat transfer enhancement device located below the solar phase change thermal storage device; the heat transfer enhancement device can disrupt the temperature boundary layer of the solar photovoltaic conversion device and the solar phase change thermal storage device to enhance their heat exchange; the temperature sensors are all disposed on the solar photovoltaic conversion device; the control unit is connected to the temperature sensors, the adjustable support, and the heat transfer enhancement device; the control unit can receive the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor and compare the temperature value with a preset value; when the temperature value is greater than the preset value, it controls the introduction of heat transfer fluid into the solar phase change thermal storage device; when the temperature value is greater than the preset value again, it controls the activation of the heat transfer enhancement device.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat transfer enhancement device includes a phased array ultrasonic generator, a phased array unit, and an ultrasonic signal shield; the phased array ultrasonic generator is located at the center of the phased array unit, and the ultrasonic signal shield is located on the outer periphery of the phased array unit; the phased array ultrasonic generator controls the ultrasonic focus and focusing depth through the phased array unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustable support includes a phase change thermal storage device housing and an ultrasonic transmitter protective housing; multiple upper variable connecting rods are provided between the phase change thermal storage device housing and the ultrasonic transmitter protective housing; multiple base variable connecting rods are provided at the bottom of the ultrasonic transmitter protective housing; the solar photovoltaic conversion device and the solar phase change thermal storage device are installed inside the phase change thermal storage device housing, and the heat transfer enhancement device is installed inside the ultrasonic transmitter protective housing.

[0008] Furthermore, the base variable link and the upper variable link are electrically controlled rods whose length and angle are both adjustable.

[0009] Furthermore, the solar photovoltaic conversion device is a solar panel with photovoltaic conversion function.

[0010] Furthermore, the solar phase change thermal storage device includes a heat transfer enhancement interlayer and a phase change material; the heat transfer enhancement interlayer and the phase change material are stacked one on top of the other; the heat transfer enhancement device is located below the phase change material.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat transfer enhancement interlayer is provided with heat-conducting fins; the phase change material is provided with heat-conducting holes.

[0012] Furthermore, the solar photovoltaic conversion device is also equipped with an irradiance acquisition device; the irradiance acquisition device is connected to the control unit; the control unit can also receive the radiation information collected by the irradiance acquisition device, and adjust the adjustable bracket according to the radiation information so that the solar photovoltaic conversion device faces the sun.

[0013] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide a heat storage method for a solar phase change thermal storage system enhanced by the above-mentioned high-intensity focused ultrasound, comprising the following steps: a temperature sensor collects the temperature value of a solar photovoltaic conversion device and sends the temperature value to a control unit; the control unit receives the temperature value and compares the temperature value with a preset value; when the temperature value is greater than the preset value, it controls the introduction of a heat transfer fluid into the solar phase change thermal storage device; after the heat transfer fluid carries away a portion of the heat, the temperature of the solar photovoltaic conversion device drops below the preset value, while another portion of the heat is introduced into the solar phase change thermal storage device for storage; when the solar phase change thermal storage device is completely melted and the temperature value of the solar photovoltaic conversion device is again greater than the preset value, the control unit controls the phased array ultrasonic generator to operate, generating an ultrasonic bubble cloud in the solar photovoltaic conversion device and the solar phase change thermal storage device to change the flow state of the heat transfer fluid in the solar phase change thermal storage device and generate disturbance, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat transfer fluid in the solar photovoltaic conversion device and the solar phase change thermal storage device.

[0014] Furthermore, the solar panel is also equipped with an irradiance acquisition device; the irradiance acquisition device is connected to the control unit; before the temperature sensor acquires the temperature value of the solar panel and sends the temperature value to the control unit, the following steps are also included: the irradiance acquisition device acquires radiation information and sends the radiation information to the control unit; the control unit receives the radiation information and adjusts the adjustable bracket according to the radiation information so that the solar panel faces the sun.

[0015] This application has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0016] 1. The thermal storage system of this application combines solar photovoltaic conversion and solar thermal storage by setting up solar panels, thermally enhanced interlayers, and phase change materials, thereby improving the utilization of solar energy. At the same time, by setting up a heat transfer enhancement device composed of a phased array ultrasonic generator and phased array units, when the heat transfer capacity of the heat transfer enhancement interlayer near the solar panel decreases and the temperature of the solar panel rises above the optimal operating range, the phased array ultrasonic generator is activated. By changing the angle of the phased array units and adjusting parameters such as the focal point position and focal depth of the ultrasound, cavitation bubble clouds are generated in the temperature boundary layer of the solar panel, heat transfer enhancement interlayer, and heat-conducting fins. When the cavitation bubble clouds collapse, they generate high-speed jets. The jets generated by the cavitation bubble clouds destroy the temperature boundary layer, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the device.

[0017] 2. In the embodiment of this application, the thermal storage system is equipped with an irradiance acquisition device on the solar panel. The adjustable bracket's base variable link and upper variable link are set as electrically controllable rods that can be adjusted in both length and angle. The irradiance acquisition device and the control unit are connected. The control unit can receive the radiation information collected by the irradiance acquisition device and adjust the adjustable bracket according to the radiation information so that the solar panel faces the sun, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0018] 3. The thermal storage system in this application embodiment has heat-conducting fins on the heat transfer enhancement interlayer and heat-conducting holes in the phase change material, which improves the heat exchange efficiency in the process of transferring heat from the solar panel to the phase change material. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable support structure in the high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the solar panel, heat transfer enhancement interlayer, and phase change material in the high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heat transfer enhancement device in the high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "joining" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0028] Reference Figures 1 to 4 The embodiments of this application provide a high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system, including a high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage device, a temperature sensor, and a control unit.

[0029] The high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage device includes an adjustable support 1 and a solar photovoltaic conversion device 2, a solar phase change thermal storage device 3, and a heat transfer enhancement device 4, all mounted on the adjustable support 1.

[0030] Reference Figure 2 The adjustable support 2 includes a phase change thermal storage device housing 11 and an ultrasonic transmitter protective housing 12 disposed below it. Multiple upper variable connecting rods 13 are provided between the phase change thermal storage device housing 11 and the ultrasonic transmitter protective housing 12, and multiple base variable connecting rods 14 are provided at the bottom of the ultrasonic transmitter protective housing 12. The solar photovoltaic conversion device 2 and the solar phase change thermal storage device 3 are disposed within the phase change thermal storage device housing 11, and the heat transfer enhancement device 4 is disposed within the ultrasonic transmitter protective housing 12.

[0031] The base variable link 14 and the upper variable link 13 are electrically controlled rods whose length and angle are both adjustable. Specifically, the base variable link 14 and the upper variable link 13 are controlled by an electronic control device, and the angle is adjusted by adjusting the length. Methods for adjusting the angle include, but are not limited to, track-type and telescopic rod-type methods. The electronic control device is connected to the control unit.

[0032] In this embodiment, there are three variable connecting rods 14 on the base and three variable connecting rods 13 on the upper part. It should be noted that the number of variable connecting rods 14 on the base and three variable connecting rods 13 on the upper part is determined according to the actual working conditions and is not limited here.

[0033] Reference Figure 3 The solar photovoltaic conversion device 2 is a solar panel, specifically a battery panel with photovoltaic conversion function. Solar panels include, but are not limited to, silicon-based solar panels, perovskite solar panels, and concentrating solar panels. The solar panel is equipped with a temperature sensor and an irradiance acquisition device. Both the temperature sensor and the irradiance acquisition device are connected to the control unit.

[0034] The solar phase change thermal storage device 3 includes a heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31 and a phase change material 32. The heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31 and the phase change material 32 are stacked one on top of the other, with the heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31 located between the solar panel interlayer and the phase change material 32.

[0035] The heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31 is provided with heat-conducting fins 311. The material of the heat-conducting fins 311 can be common materials with heat-conducting properties such as copper and aluminum. The shape includes, but is not limited to, fin-type fins, spiral fins, and louver-type fins.

[0036] The phase change material 32 can be an organic or inorganic material with a large latent heat, including but not limited to paraffin wax and hydrochloride. The phase change material 32 is provided with heat-conducting holes 321.

[0037] Reference Figure 4 The heat transfer enhancement device 4 includes a phased array ultrasonic generator 41, a phased array unit 42, and an ultrasonic signal shield 43. The phased array ultrasonic generator 41 is located at the center of the phased array unit 42, and the ultrasonic signal shield 43 is located on the outer periphery of the phased array unit 42. The phased array ultrasonic generator 41 controls parameters such as the ultrasonic focus and focusing depth through the phased array unit 42. The ultrasonic focusing methods include, but are not limited to, geometric focusing, phased array focusing, and phase delay focusing. The phased array ultrasonic generator 41 is also connected to the control unit.

[0038] The control unit can receive radiation information collected by the irradiance acquisition device and adjust the adjustable bracket 1 according to the radiation information so that the solar photovoltaic conversion device 2 faces the sun.

[0039] The control unit can also receive temperature values ​​collected by temperature sensors and compare them with preset values. When the temperature value is greater than the preset value, it controls the introduction of heat transfer fluid into the solar phase change thermal storage device 3. When the temperature value is greater than the preset value again, it controls the start of the phased array ultrasonic generator 41.

[0040] The working principle of the high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system in this application embodiment is as follows:

[0041] Sunlight first contacts the solar panel, which converts solar energy into electrical energy while its temperature rises. When the control unit detects that the temperature exceeds the optimal operating range, it controls the heat transfer fluid to flow through the heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31, carrying away some of the heat absorbed by the solar panel and keeping it within the optimal operating range. Simultaneously, excess heat is transferred to the phase change material 32 through the heat-conducting fins 311 in the heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31. The phase change material 32 has heat-conducting holes 321, and heat is transferred from the heat-conducting fins 311 to the heat-conducting holes 321, where it is then stored. As heat accumulates, the heat exchange capacity of the heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31 near the solar panel decreases, and the temperature of the solar panel rises again. When the control unit detects that it has exceeded the optimal operating range again, it controls the phased array ultrasonic generator 41 to start. By changing the angle of the phased array unit 42, the focus position and focus depth of the ultrasound are adjusted, generating cavitation bubble clouds in the temperature boundary layer of the solar panel, heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31, and heat-conducting fins 311. When the cavitation bubble clouds collapse, they generate high-speed jets. The jets generated by the cavitation bubble clouds destroy the temperature boundary layer, improve the local heat exchange performance, and promote the temperature of the solar panel to return to the optimal operating range. This solves the problem of low solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency and provides technical support for the efficient utilization of clean energy.

[0042] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide a thermal storage method based on the above-mentioned high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Collect solar radiation intensity information through the irradiance acquisition device on the surface of the solar panel, and send the radiation information to the control unit.

[0044] S2. The control unit receives radiation information and adjusts the length and angle of the base variable link 14 and the upper variable link 13 in the adjustable bracket 1 according to the radiation information, thereby adjusting the angle of the solar panel so that the solar panel faces the sun and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0045] S3. After the solar panel starts working normally, the surface temperature rises. The temperature sensor embodiment collects the surface temperature value of the solar panel and sends the temperature value to the control unit. The actual temperature of the solar panel is set to T, and the optimal operating temperature range is: T_min <T<T_max。

[0046] S4. The control unit receives the actual temperature T of the solar panel and compares it with the optimal operating temperature range. When the actual temperature T is lower than T_min, no heat transfer fluid is introduced into the heat transfer enhancement jacket 31. When the actual temperature T is greater than T_max, the control unit controls the introduction of heat transfer fluid into the heat transfer enhancement jacket 31. Specifically, an electromagnetic switch valve connected to the control unit can be installed on the heat transfer fluid pipeline. By controlling the on / off state of the electromagnetic switch valve, the entry of heat transfer fluid into the heat transfer enhancement jacket 31 can be controlled.

[0047] S5. After the heat transfer fluid is introduced into the heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31, the heat transfer fluid carries away some of the heat, keeping the surface temperature of the solar panel within its optimal operating range. At the same time, another portion of the heat is transferred to the phase change material 32 for storage through the heat-conducting fins 311.

[0048] S6. As the phase change material 32 stores more excess heat from the solar panel, the phase change material 32 completely melts. At this point, the phase change material 32 can no longer absorb the excess heat from the solar panel, and the surface temperature of the solar panel rises.

[0049] S7. The control unit continues to receive the actual temperature T of the solar panel cells and compares the actual temperature T with the optimal operating temperature range. When the actual temperature T of the solar panel cells is again greater than T_max, the control unit controls the phased array ultrasonic generator 41 to start. The phased array ultrasonic generator 41 generates ultrasonic bubble clouds in the temperature boundary layer of the solar panel, the heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31, and the heat-conducting fins 311 by changing the angle, frequency, intensity, and other parameters of the phased array unit 42. The generated bubble clouds can change the flow state of the heat transfer fluid in the heat transfer enhancement interlayer 31 and generate disturbances, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel and the heat transfer interlayer, thus achieving the effect of reducing the surface temperature of the solar panel. When the surface temperature of the solar panel is reduced to a certain value, the process proceeds to step S3 to form a cycle.

[0050] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high intensity focused ultrasound enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system, characterized in that, The application relates to a solar phase change heat storage device reinforced by high-intensity focused ultrasound, a temperature sensor and a control unit, wherein the solar phase change heat storage device reinforced by high-intensity focused ultrasound comprises an adjustable support, a solar photoelectric conversion device arranged on the adjustable support, a solar phase change heat storage device and a heat transfer reinforcement device; the solar photoelectric conversion device and the solar phase change heat storage device are stacked one above another, and the heat transfer reinforcement device is located below the solar phase change heat storage device; the heat transfer reinforcement device can destroy the temperature boundary layer of the solar photoelectric conversion device and the solar phase change heat storage device to strengthen heat exchange; the temperature sensor is arranged on the solar photoelectric conversion device; the control unit is connected with the temperature sensor, the adjustable support and the heat transfer reinforcement device; the control unit can receive the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor, compare the temperature value with a preset value, and control the heat transfer fluid to be introduced into the solar phase change heat storage device when the temperature value is greater than the preset value; the heat transfer reinforcement device is started when the temperature value is greater than the preset value again. The heat transfer reinforcement device comprises a phased array ultrasonic generating device, a phased array unit and an ultrasonic signal shield; the phased array ultrasonic generating device is located at the center of the phased array unit, and the ultrasonic signal shield is located at the outer periphery of the phased array unit; the phased array ultrasonic generating device controls the ultrasonic focus and the focusing depth through the phased array unit. The adjustable support comprises a phase change heat storage device shell and an ultrasonic emitter protection shell; a plurality of upper variable connecting rods are arranged between the phase change heat storage device shell and the ultrasonic emitter protection shell; a plurality of base variable connecting rods are arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic emitter protection shell; the solar photoelectric conversion device and the solar phase change heat storage device are arranged in the phase change heat storage device shell, and the heat transfer reinforcement device is arranged in the ultrasonic emitter protection shell.

2. The high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system of claim 1, wherein, The base variable connecting rods and the upper variable connecting rods are electric control rods with adjustable length and angle.

3. The high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system of claim 2, wherein, The solar photoelectric conversion device is a solar panel with photoelectric conversion function.

4. The high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system of claim 1, wherein, The solar phase change heat storage device comprises a heat transfer reinforcement interlayer and a phase change material; the heat transfer reinforcement interlayer and the phase change material are stacked one above another; the heat transfer reinforcement device is located below the phase change material.

5. The high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system of claim 1, wherein, The heat transfer reinforcement interlayer is provided with heat conduction fins; the phase change material is provided with heat conduction holes.

6. The high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar phase change thermal storage system of claim 5, wherein, The solar photoelectric conversion device is further provided with an irradiance collection device; the irradiance collection device is connected with the control unit; the control unit can also receive the radiation information collected by the irradiance collection device, and adjust the adjustable support according to the radiation information so that the solar photoelectric conversion device faces the sun.

7. The high-intensity focused ultrasound-enhanced solar energy phase change thermal storage system of claim 1, wherein, The application comprises the following steps:

8. A heat storage method of a solar phase change heat storage system reinforced by high intensity focused ultrasound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The temperature sensor collects the temperature value of the solar photoelectric conversion device and sends the temperature value to the control unit; The control unit receives the temperature value, compares the temperature value with a preset value, and controls the heat transfer fluid to be introduced into the solar phase change heat storage device when the temperature value is greater than the preset value; After the heat transfer fluid carries away part of the heat, the temperature of the solar photoelectric conversion device drops below the preset value, and meanwhile, another part of the heat is introduced into the solar phase change heat storage device for storage. ​ When the solar energy phase change heat storage device is completely melted, and the temperature value of the solar energy photoelectric conversion device is greater than the preset value again, the control unit controls the action of the phased array heat transfer enhancement device, generates an ultrasonic bubble cloud in the temperature boundary layer of the solar energy photoelectric conversion device and the solar energy phase change heat storage device, changes the flow state of the heat transfer fluid in the solar energy phase change heat storage device and generates disturbance, and improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat transfer fluid of the solar energy photoelectric conversion device and the solar energy phase change heat storage device.

9. The heat storage method according to claim 8, characterized by, The solar energy photoelectric conversion device is also provided with an irradiance acquisition device; the irradiance acquisition device is connected with the control unit; before the temperature sensor acquires the temperature value of the solar energy photoelectric conversion device and sends the temperature value to the control unit, the following steps are further included: The irradiance acquisition device acquires radiation information and sends the radiation information to the control unit; The control unit receives the radiation information and adjusts the adjustable support according to the radiation information, so that the solar panel directly faces the sun.

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