Air pressure type axial force loading device

Abstract

The invention discloses an air pressure type axial force loading device, and relates to an axial force loading device. The invention aims to solve the problems that an existing axial force loading device needs to be additionally provided with a hydraulic element, so that the size is large, and unbalance loading is prone to occurring. Compressed air is selected as a loading medium, and compared with hydraulic cylinder loading, the compressed air is non-toxic, harmless, free of pollution to the environment, energy-saving and environment-friendly. Compared with hydraulic cylinder loading, loading can be completed only by adjusting the pressure of a gas supply path, and the loading efficiency is high; during hydraulic cylinder loading, a servo valve has a high requirement on the precision of an oil product, oil mixing needs to be carried out on a whole loading oil path before use, then granularity detection is carried out on the oil product, and the oil product can be used after being qualified; the cost is lower, and the operation is more convenient; only compressed air is needed for air loading, and a hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic loading oil station, a lubricating oil station, a servo valve, a filter element, a pipeline and the like need to be arranged for hydraulic cylinder loading. The invention belongs to the technical field of axial loading of rotating parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an axial force loading device, in particular to a pneumatic axial force loading device, and belongs to the technical field of axial loading of rotating parts. Background Art

[0002] Many components in rotation test equipment use pivot rolling bearings to bear axial forces. The characteristic of such bearings is that they can only operate stably when bearing axial forces. For example, in an aviation turbofan engine, the axial force generated by the rotation of the fan rotor is borne by the three pivot ball bearings inside it. However, during ground tests, additional devices are required to provide axial forces to simulate the axial forces caused by the rotation of the fan. Similarly, in thrust sliding bearing testers, additional axial forces are also required to assess the bearing's load-bearing capacity.

[0003] In the known axial force loading devices, loading is mostly achieved by using a loading bearing seat and a hydraulic cylinder in combination. For example, the patent with the announcement number CN110836773B discloses a transmission test bench equivalent simulation central transmission main shaft bearing force loading device. The technical solution of this patent is to install a loading bearing seat on the transmission shaft. The rolling bearing in the bearing seat is a test bearing. The inner ring of the bearing is interference-connected with the transmission shaft and rotates together; the outer ring of the bearing is connected to the bearing seat and is stationary. A hydraulic cylinder is set on the end face of the bearing seat, and an axial force is applied to the bearing seat through the hydraulic cylinder. The axial force is transmitted to the transmission shaft through the outer ring of the bearing, the rolling element, and the inner ring of the bearing, and then the axial force is transmitted to the test bearing. The axial force of this loading method is limited by the performance of the test bearing in the bearing seat. The advantage is the compact structure and the disadvantage is that it cannot withstand large axial forces. It is mainly used for axial force loading under high speed conditions.

[0004] Another example is the patent with publication number CN216846905U, which discloses a high-thrust and high-speed axial force loading device. The technical solution of this patent is to design the loading bearing seat into a tilting pad thrust sliding bearing, and design a loading plate on the transmission shaft. The axial force is applied by the hydraulic cylinder, and the thrust sliding bearing acts on the loading plate on the transmission shaft to transmit the axial force. Compared with the rolling bearing, its advantage is that the axial force that the sliding bearing can withstand is much greater than that of the rolling shaft. The disadvantage is that the bearing seat is relatively large in size, and when the thrust is large, the power loss of the thrust sliding bearing is too large, which increases the power of the entire traction system by megawatts.

[0005] Both of the above-mentioned two axial force loading devices require additional systems such as hydraulic oil stations, lubricating oil stations, hydraulic cylinders, force sensors, and servo valves. In the case of using sliding bearings as loading bearings, the required lubricating oil station is larger in size. In order to ensure the uniformity of the loading force, the oil inlets of the two loading hydraulic cylinders need to be connected in parallel. However, when a hydraulic cylinder gets stuck, the loading bearing seat will be overloaded.

[0006] In summary, how to propose an axial force loading device to address the above technical issues has become an urgent problem to be solved by technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a pneumatic axial force loading device.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: a pneumatic axial force loading device, comprising a loading plate, a barrel-shaped cover, a support seat, a plurality of auxiliary support legs and a plurality of sensor supports.

[0009] The support base is installed on the foundation through anchor bolts, and a plurality of auxiliary support legs and a plurality of sensor supports are installed on the support base in a circular array. A force sensor is installed on the sensor support, and the force sensor is against the barrel cover.

[0010] An annular end cover is installed at the open end of the barrel-shaped cover shell, two air supply seats are installed on the barrel-shaped cover shell, and the barrel-shaped cover shell is slidably connected with the auxiliary supporting legs.

[0011] The loading plate is coaxially fixed to the transmission shaft to be tested, and is coaxially arranged in the barrel-shaped cover shell. The loading plate can move along the axial direction of the barrel-shaped cover shell. The loading plate divides the inner cavity of the barrel-shaped cover shell into a first air cavity and a second air cavity, and the first air cavity is connected to the air supply seat.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:

[0013] 1. The present invention selects compressed air as the loading medium. Compared with hydraulic cylinder loading, compressed air is non-toxic, harmless, has no pollution to the environment, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0014] 2. Compared with hydraulic cylinder loading, the present invention only needs to adjust the pressure of the air supply line to complete the loading, and the loading efficiency is high. During hydraulic cylinder loading, the servo valve has high requirements on the oil quality. Before use, the entire loading oil circuit needs to be oiled, and then the oil quality needs to be tested for particle size. It can only be used after passing the test.

[0015] 3. Compared with hydraulic cylinder loading, the present invention has lower cost and is more convenient to operate; air loading only requires compressed air, while hydraulic cylinder loading requires hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic loading oil stations, lubricating oil stations, servo valves, filter elements, pipelines, etc.

[0016] 4. Compared with hydraulic cylinder loading, the present invention has no risk of failure; since hydraulic loading involves multiple devices such as hydraulic cylinders and servo valves, there are risks such as failure of hydraulic cylinders and servo valves, which may lead to unbalanced loading of the loaded bearing seat.

[0017] 5. Compared with the rolling bearing loading bearing seat, the present invention selects a loading plate 2 that uses air pressure to achieve loading. The loading plate 2 is coaxially fixed to the measured transmission shaft 1 and coaxially rotates with the measured transmission shaft 1. There is no need for an additional test bearing as in the prior art, which avoids the loading of axial force being restricted by the rotation speed of the test bearing.

[0018] 6. Compared with the bearing seat loaded by sliding bearings, the compressed air of the present invention has low viscosity, and the power loss under large load is much smaller than that of sliding bearings. The use of air loading can reduce the energy consumption of the entire dragging system. Therefore, the advantage of using compressed air loading under the condition of large axial force loading is very obvious. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is an axonometric view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a first cross-sectional view of the loading tray 2 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a first cross-sectional view of the loading plate 2, the annular end cover 3, the barrel-shaped cover 4 and the air supply seat 9 of the present invention, wherein the hollow arrows in the figure indicate the direction of the compressed air flow, and the solid arrows indicate the direction of the axial force and the supporting reaction force;

[0023] Figure 5 is a second cross-sectional view of the loading tray 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a second cross-sectional view of the loading plate 2, the annular end cover 3, the barrel-shaped cover 4 and the air supply seat 9 of the present invention, wherein the hollow arrows in the figure indicate the direction of the compressed air flow, and the solid arrows indicate the direction of the axial force and the supporting reaction force;

[0025] Figure 7 is an axonometric view of the auxiliary support leg 5 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the auxiliary support leg 5 and the support base 8 of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a first axonometric view of the barrel-shaped casing 4 of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 is a second axonometric view of the barrel-shaped casing 4 of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.11 It is an axonometric view of the support seat 8 of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1. measured transmission shaft; 2. loading disk; 201. first sleeve; 202. disk body; 203. second sleeve; 3. annular end cover; 4. barrel-shaped cover; 5. auxiliary support leg; 501. first support plate; 502. second support plate; 6. force sensor; 7. sensor support; 8. support seat; 803. load-bearing plate; 801. base; 802. rectangular frame; 9. air supply seat; 11. slider; 13. slide column; 14. connecting beam; 15. limit plug. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] Specific implementation method 1: Combination Figures 1 to 11 The present embodiment is described as a pneumatic axial force loading device comprising a loading plate 2 , a barrel-shaped cover 4 , a support seat 8 , a plurality of auxiliary support legs 5 and a plurality of sensor supports 7 .

[0033] The support base 8 is installed on the foundation by anchor bolts. A plurality of auxiliary support legs 5 and a plurality of sensor supports 7 are installed on the support base 8 in a circular array. A force sensor 6 is installed on the sensor support 7, and the force sensor 6 is against the barrel-shaped cover 4.

[0034] The open end of the barrel-shaped casing 4 is provided with an annular end cover 3, preferably, the annular end cover 3 is installed on the end surface of the barrel-shaped casing 4 by bolts; two air supply seats 9 are installed on the barrel-shaped casing 4, preferably, the air supply seats 9 are connected to the barrel-shaped casing 4 by flange surfaces, and the air supply seats 9 are installed on the outer circumferential surface of the barrel-shaped casing 4 by bolts. The barrel-shaped casing 4 is slidably connected to the auxiliary support legs 5.

[0035] The loading plate 2 is coaxially fixed to the transmission shaft 1 to be tested, and the loading plate 2 is coaxially arranged in the barrel-shaped cover 4, and the loading plate 2 can move along the axial direction of the barrel-shaped cover 4. The loading plate 2 divides the inner cavity of the barrel-shaped cover 4 into a first air cavity and a second air cavity, and the first air cavity is connected to the air supply seat 9.

[0036] Specific implementation method 2: Combination Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 To describe this embodiment, the loading disk 2 in this embodiment includes a first sleeve 201, a disk body 202, and a second sleeve 203 which are integrally arranged in sequence.

[0037] Comb-teeth sealing rings 204 are installed on the outer circumferential surfaces of the first sleeve 201 and the disc body 202 , and the first sleeve 201 is rotatably connected to the barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 .

[0038] The barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4, the barrel body of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 and the disk body 202 form a first air cavity, and the annular end cover 3, the barrel body of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 and the disk body 202 form a second air cavity.

[0039] The annular end cap 3 is provided with a plurality of vent holes in a circumferential array. The inner diameter of the annular end cap 3 is larger than the outer diameter of the second sleeve 203. The second air cavity is connected to the atmosphere. The purpose of such arrangement is:

[0040] Usually, the maximum pressure of an industrial air compressor is between 0.6 and 1.3 MPa. Therefore, when the bearing on the tested transmission shaft 1 bears a large axial force load, compressed air between 0.6 and 1.3 MPa needs to be introduced into the first air cavity.

[0041] When the present invention is working, compressed air enters the first air chamber through the air supply seat 9.

[0042] Since the first sleeve 201 and the disc body 202 are provided with a comb-tooth sealing ring 204, the compressed air forms a certain air pressure in the first air chamber; and since the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 is slidingly connected to the auxiliary support legs 5, and the loading disc 2 can move along the axial direction of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4, the air pressure pushes the loading disc 2 and the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 to move in two opposite directions respectively.

[0043] The force exerted by air pressure on the loading plate 2 is the axial force, which is applied to the bearing on the transmission shaft 1 to be measured through the loading plate 2; the force exerted by air pressure on the barrel-shaped cover 4 is the support reaction force, and since the force sensor 6 is against the barrel-shaped cover 4, the support reaction force is measured by the force sensor 6. The support reaction force is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the axial force, so the magnitude of the applied axial force can be indirectly judged by measuring the support reaction force.

[0044] The compressed air slowly leaks into the atmosphere and the second air cavity through the two comb-tooth sealing rings 204. After the second air cavity is connected to the atmosphere, the internal air pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere, and the axial force is fully applied to the measured transmission shaft 1, thereby preventing the stored air pressure in the second air cavity from hindering the movement of the loading disk 2, thereby causing the resultant force of the axial force to become smaller.

[0045] Other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first specific implementation method.

[0046] Specific implementation method three: Combination Figure 5 and Figure 6 To describe this embodiment, the loading disk 2 in this embodiment includes a first sleeve 201, a disk body 202, and a second sleeve 203 which are integrally arranged in sequence.

[0047] Comb-teeth sealing rings 204 are installed on the outer circumferential surfaces of the first sleeve 201 , the disc body 202 and the second sleeve 203 . The first sleeve 201 is rotatably connected to the barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 , and the second sleeve 203 is rotatably connected to the annular end cover 3 .

[0048] The barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4, the barrel body of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 and the disc body 202 form a first air cavity, and the annular end cover 3, the barrel body of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 and the disc body 202 form a second air cavity. The purpose of such arrangement is:

[0049] When the bearing on the tested transmission shaft 1 is under a smaller axial force load, compressed air with a pressure less than 0.6 MPa needs to be introduced into the first air cavity. The compressed air enters the first air cavity through the air supply seat 9 and forms a certain air pressure in the first air cavity. The force exerted by the air pressure on the loading disk 2 is the axial force.

[0050] The compressed air slowly leaks to the atmosphere and the second air cavity through the first sleeve 201 and the comb-tooth sealing ring 204 on the disc body 202, and then the air pressure in the second air cavity slowly releases to the atmosphere from the comb-tooth sealing ring 204 on the second sleeve 203, thereby causing a pressure difference between the first air cavity and the second air cavity. Therefore, a reverse axial force is generated in the second air cavity to hinder the movement of the loading disc 2, thereby achieving the goal that the axial force cannot completely act on the measuring transmission shaft 1, so as to facilitate accurate control of the load acting on the measured transmission shaft 1, avoid the need to manufacture the device of the present invention of different sizes under different working loads, and achieve the above-mentioned function by re-equipping the loading disc 2 and the annular end cover 3, thereby saving costs.

[0051] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those in the first or second specific implementation.

[0052] Specific implementation method four: Combination Figure 3 and Figure 5 To explain this embodiment, the longitudinal section of the disc body 202 in this embodiment is a trapezoid. In this arrangement, since the loading disc 2 is a force-bearing part when working, when bearing axial force, the bending moment of the root of the disc body 202 is the largest, so according to the equal strength theory, the longitudinal section of the disc body 202 is designed to be a trapezoid to ensure the service life of the loading disc 2. Other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the specific embodiments one, two or three.

[0053] Specific implementation method five: Combination Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 To explain this embodiment, in this embodiment, the auxiliary support leg 5 is a special-shaped member, and the support leg 5 includes a first support plate 501 , a second support plate 502 , a sliding column 13 and a connecting beam 14 .

[0054] The first support plate 501 and the second support plate 502 are fixedly connected to two ends of the connecting beam 14 , respectively, and the second support plate 502 is fixedly connected to the support seat 8 .

[0055] Both ends of the sliding column 13 are respectively inserted into the first support plate 501 and the second support plate 502 , and the first support plate 501 and the second support plate 502 are both installed with a limit plug 15 , which abuts against the end surface of the sliding column 13 .

[0056] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third or fourth specific implementation modes.

[0057] Specific implementation method six: Combination Figure 1 and Fig. 9 To illustrate this embodiment, in this embodiment, a plurality of sliding ear plates are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 in a circumferential array, and the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 is slidably connected to the auxiliary support leg 5 through the sliding ear plates. Preferably, a notch with a C-shaped cross-section is opened on the sliding ear plate, and the notch is slidably matched with the sliding column 13; with such an arrangement, the sliding ear plate has a strong bearing capacity, and can realize the sliding of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 along the length direction of the sliding column 13, which is conducive to ensuring that the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 can slide freely on the auxiliary support leg 5.

[0058] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth or fifth specific implementation modes.

[0059] Specific implementation method seven: Combination Figure 1 , Figure 8 and Fig.10 To explain this embodiment, in this embodiment, a plurality of sliding ear plates are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 in a circumferential array. The sliding ear plates are provided with through holes, and a sliding block 11 is installed in the through holes. The sliding block 11 is slidably connected to the sliding column 13.

[0060] Furthermore, the slider 11 is selected from a ball slider or a graphite copper sleeve. Preferably, when the barrel-shaped housing 4 is small in size and light in weight, a ball slider with low friction is selected. When the barrel-shaped housing 4 is large in size and heavy in weight, a graphite copper sleeve with high load-bearing capacity and self-lubricating properties is selected.

[0061] Furthermore, the slider 11 is axially limited in the through hole by an elastic retaining ring; in this arrangement, the slider 11 and the slide column 13 form a linear bearing structure, which reduces the friction between the barrel-shaped cover 4 and the auxiliary support leg 5 and avoids the influence of friction on the magnitude of the axial force.

[0062] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth specific embodiments.

[0063] Specific implementation method eight: Combination Figure 4 and Figure 6 To explain this embodiment, an annular groove is opened on the inner circumferential surface of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 in this embodiment, and a wear-resistant layer is arranged in the annular groove by centrifugal casting or spraying. Preferably, the wear-resistant layer is made of a soft alloy material or a polyphenylene ester material.

[0064] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh specific embodiments.

[0065] Specific implementation method nine: Combination Figure 1 and Fig.11 To describe this embodiment, the support seat 8 in this embodiment includes a base 801 and a rectangular frame 802 .

[0066] The base 801 is installed on the foundation by anchor bolts, the rectangular frame 802 is vertically fixed on the base 801 , a load-bearing plate 803 is fixed on the rectangular frame 802 , and the auxiliary support legs 5 and the sensor support 7 are both fixed to the load-bearing plate 803 .

[0067] Furthermore, in order to improve the positioning accuracy of the auxiliary support leg 5 on the support seat 8, a boss is integrally provided on the end face of the second support plate 502, the boss is coaxially arranged with the sliding column 13, a positioning hole is opened on the load-bearing plate 803, the boss is inserted into the positioning hole, and the second support plate 502 and the load-bearing plate 803 are connected by bolts.

[0068] Furthermore, a rib plate is fixedly connected to the support seat 8, and the rib plate and the auxiliary support legs 5 are respectively arranged on two side surfaces of the load-bearing plate 803, and the rib plate provides support for the load-bearing plate 803 to withstand the support reaction force generated by the cover shell.

[0069] The other components and connection relationships are the same as those of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth specific embodiments.

[0070] How it works

[0071] Combination Figures 1 to 11 The working principle of the present invention is described:

[0072] The present invention is used in conjunction with an air compressor. When the present invention is working, the loading plate 2 is coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 1 to be tested, and coaxially rotates with the transmission shaft 1 to be tested.

[0073] The loading tray 2 is coaxially arranged in the barrel-shaped casing 4 , and the loading tray 2 divides the inner cavity of the barrel-shaped casing 4 into a first air cavity and a second air cavity.

[0074] When the bearing on the tested transmission shaft 1 bears a large axial force load, compressed air with a pressure of 0.6 to 1.3 MPa needs to be introduced into the first air cavity, and the compressed air enters the first air cavity through the air supply seat 9 .

[0075] Since the first sleeve 201 and the disc body 202 are provided with a comb-tooth sealing ring 204, the compressed air forms a certain air pressure in the first air chamber; and since the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 is slidingly connected to the auxiliary support legs 5, and the loading disc 2 can move along the axial direction of the barrel-shaped cover shell 4, the air pressure pushes the loading disc 2 and the barrel-shaped cover shell 4 to move in two opposite directions respectively.

[0076] The force exerted by air pressure on the loading plate 2 is the axial force, which is applied to the bearing on the transmission shaft 1 to be measured through the loading plate 2; the force exerted by air pressure on the barrel-shaped cover 4 is the support reaction force, and since the force sensor 6 is against the barrel-shaped cover 4, the support reaction force is measured by the force sensor 6. The support reaction force is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the axial force, so the magnitude of the applied axial force can be indirectly judged by measuring the support reaction force.

[0077] The compressed air slowly leaks into the atmosphere and the second air cavity through the two comb-tooth sealing rings 204. After the second air cavity is connected to the atmosphere, the internal air pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere, and the axial force is fully applied to the measured transmission shaft 1, thereby preventing the stored air pressure in the second air cavity from hindering the movement of the loading disk 2, thereby causing the resultant force of the axial force to become smaller.

[0078] When the bearing on the tested transmission shaft 1 is under a smaller axial force load, compressed air with a pressure less than 0.6 MPa needs to be introduced into the first air cavity. The compressed air enters the first air cavity through the air supply seat 9 and forms a certain air pressure in the first air cavity. The force exerted by the air pressure on the loading disk 2 is the axial force.

[0079] The compressed air slowly leaks to the atmosphere and the second air cavity through the first sleeve 201 and the comb-tooth sealing ring 204 on the disc body 202, and then the air pressure in the second air cavity slowly releases to the atmosphere from the comb-tooth sealing ring 204 on the second sleeve 203, thereby causing a pressure difference between the first air cavity and the second air cavity. Therefore, a reverse axial force is generated in the second air cavity to hinder the movement of the loading disc 2, thereby achieving the goal that the axial force cannot completely act on the measured transmission shaft 1, so as to facilitate accurate control of the load acting on the measured transmission shaft 1, avoid the need to manufacture the device of the present invention of different sizes under different working loads, and achieve the above-mentioned function by re-equipping the loading disc 2 and the annular end cover 3, thereby saving costs.

[0080] The present invention has been disclosed as above in the form of a preferred embodiment, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above implementation cases by any professional and technical personnel who do not deviate from the content of the technical solution of the present invention and based on the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatic axial force loading device, characterized in that: It comprises a loading plate (2), a barrel-shaped cover shell (4), a support seat (8), a plurality of auxiliary support legs (5) and a plurality of sensor supports (7); The support base (8) is installed on the foundation by means of anchor bolts, a plurality of auxiliary support legs (5) and a plurality of sensor supports (7) are installed on the support base (8) in a circular array, a force sensor (6) is installed on the sensor support (7), and the force sensor (6) is against the barrel-shaped cover (4); An annular end cover (3) is installed at the open end of the barrel-shaped casing (4), two air supply seats (9) are installed on the barrel-shaped casing (4), and the barrel-shaped casing (4) is slidably connected to the auxiliary support legs (5); The loading disc (2) is coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission shaft (1) to be tested, and the loading disc (2) is coaxially arranged in the barrel-shaped casing (4). The loading disc (2) can move along the axial direction of the barrel-shaped casing (4), and the loading disc (2) divides the inner cavity of the barrel-shaped casing (4) into a first air cavity and a second air cavity, and the first air cavity is connected to the air supply seat (9).

2. A pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading disk (2) comprises a first sleeve (201), a disk body (202) and a second sleeve (203) which are integrally arranged in sequence; Comb-teeth sealing rings (204) are installed on the outer circumferential surfaces of the first sleeve (201) and the disc body (202), and the first sleeve (201) is rotatably connected to the barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped cover shell (4); The barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped casing (4), the barrel body of the barrel-shaped casing (4) and the disc body (202) form a first air cavity, and the annular end cover (3), the barrel body of the barrel-shaped casing (4) and the disc body (202) form a second air cavity; A plurality of vent holes are formed on the annular end cover (3) in a circumferential array, and the inner diameter of the annular end cover (3) is greater than the outer diameter of the second sleeve (203).

3. A pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading disk (2) comprises a first sleeve (201), a disk body (202) and a second sleeve (203) which are integrally arranged in sequence; The outer circumferential surfaces of the first sleeve (201), the disc body (202) and the second sleeve (203) are all provided with a comb-tooth sealing ring (204); the first sleeve (201) is rotatably connected to the barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped casing (4); and the second sleeve (203) is rotatably connected to the annular end cover (3); The barrel bottom of the barrel-shaped casing (4), the barrel body of the barrel-shaped casing (4) and the disc body (202) form a first air cavity, and the annular end cover (3), the barrel body of the barrel-shaped casing (4) and the disc body (202) form a second air cavity.

4. A pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the disk body (202) is trapezoidal.

5. The pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary support leg (5) comprises a first support plate (501), a second support plate (502), a sliding column (13) and a connecting beam (14); The first support plate (501) and the second support plate (502) are respectively fixedly connected to two ends of the connecting beam (14), and the second support plate (502) is fixedly connected to the support seat (8); The two ends of the sliding column (13) are respectively inserted into the first support plate (501) and the second support plate (502), and the first support plate (501) and the second support plate (502) are both installed with a limit stopper (15), and the limit stopper (15) abuts against the end surface of the sliding column (13).

6. The pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of sliding ear plates are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the barrel-shaped cover shell (4) in a circumferential array, and the barrel-shaped cover shell (4) is slidably connected to the auxiliary support legs (5) via the sliding ear plates.

7. The pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of sliding ear plates are fixedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the barrel-shaped cover shell (4) in a circumferential array. The sliding ear plates are provided with through holes, in which sliding blocks (11) are installed. The sliding blocks (11) are slidably connected to the sliding posts (13).

8. The pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular groove is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the barrel-shaped cover shell (4), and a wear-resistant layer is provided in the annular groove by centrifugal casting or spraying.

9. The pneumatic axial force loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support base (8) comprises a base (801) and a rectangular frame (802); The base (801) is installed on the foundation by anchor bolts, the rectangular frame (802) is vertically fixed on the base (801), a load-bearing plate (803) is fixed on the rectangular frame (802), and the auxiliary support legs (5) and the sensor support (7) are both fixed to the load-bearing plate (803).

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