Olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bionic modeling method for the sense of smell and hippocampus based on the theory of neural clusters and anatomical structure. Based on the theory of neural clusters and anatomical structure, the method first starts with the sense of smell, which has a relatively clear structure and function, and improves on existing neurophysiological research results to construct an olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model. It then gradually moves deeper into the more complex hippocampal structure to construct an entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model. Finally, by fusing the two constructed bionic models, with the entorhinal cortex as the core, the method connects the sense of smell, the entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus, creating an olfactory-hippocampus neural network model that is as realistic as possible, providing an effective research object for the study of the nervous system in the brain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of neural network bionic models, and in particular to an olfactory-hippocampal bionic modeling method based on neural group theory and anatomical structure. Background Art

[0002] Research on the olfactory nervous system is mainly divided into three aspects: macroscopic, microscopic and functional. The macroscopic level mainly focuses on the study of the olfactory nervous system model, the microscopic level mainly focuses on the study of related mechanisms, and the functional level mainly focuses on the relationship between odor information processed by the sense of smell and higher-level neural activities. The hippocampus is the brain area directly connected to the sense of smell, and its relative position is clear. In research related to brain functions such as learning and memory, the hippocampus has always been a hot topic in brain research. Therefore, studying the bionic model of the olfactory-hippocampal neural network will help the study of the neural networks of other sensory nervous systems and further explore their working mechanisms.

[0003] However, the research on olfaction and hippocampus faces the following difficulties: (1) In neuroscience experiments, the experimental conditions are demanding, the experimental costs are high, and the operation is difficult, which makes it difficult to promote neurophysiological experiments on a large scale; (2) The research from sensory signals such as olfaction to specific brain regions involves higher-level brain functions, with many influencing factors and complex experimental designs, and there are few studies available for reference. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an olfactory-hippocampal bionic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure, which makes full use of the K series model and the hippocampal structure and function, and constructs a bionic model of the olfactory-hippocampal neural network based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: an olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on the theory of neural clusters and anatomical structure, characterized by:

[0006] Step 1: Obtain the KIII model. Based on the neural cluster theory, simplify the structure of the piriform cortex in the KIII model and model the entorhinal cortex. Based on the anatomical structure of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex, establish connections between the KIII model and neurons in the entorhinal cortex to complete the biomimetic modeling of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex.

[0007] Step 2: Obtain the KI model and the KII model. Based on the neural cluster theory, use the KI model and the KII model to perform layered modeling of the dentate gyrus, CA3 layer, CA1 layer, subiculum layer, and entorhinal cortex. Based on the anatomical structure of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus, establish connections between neurons in each layer to complete the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus biomimetic modeling.

[0008] Step 3: Based on the constructed olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model, and in accordance with the bionic principles, a connection is established between the olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model through projection to complete the construction of the olfactory-hippocampus bionic model.

[0009] Furthermore, in step 1, the process of simplifying the piriform cortex structure in the KIII model and modeling the entorhinal cortex is as follows: the piriform cortex is represented by a single KII model, the entorhinal cortex is represented by a single KII model, and the neurons in the KII model are defined.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, the connection between the KIII model and the neurons in the entorhinal cortex is as follows: the olfactory receptors project directly or through the periocular layer to the olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nucleus and the piriform cortex receive projections from the olfactory bulb, and the entorhinal cortex receives projections from the piriform cortex; the anterior olfactory nucleus provides feedback to the olfactory bulb, the piriform cortex provides feedback to the olfactory bulb, the entorhinal cortex provides delayed feedback to the piriform cortex, and the piriform cortex provides delayed feedback to the anterior olfactory nucleus.

[0011] Furthermore, the piriform cortex and the entorhinal cortex are connected in a one-to-one manner.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 2, the hierarchical modeling process is as follows: the dentate gyrus layer is represented by a single KI model, the CA3 layer is represented by a single KII model, the CA1 layer is represented by a single KII model, the subiculum layer is represented by a single KII model, and the entorhinal cortex layer is represented by a single KII model, and the neurons in the KI model and the KII model are defined.

[0013] Furthermore, the KI model is composed of two excited K0 models interconnected.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 2, the connections between neurons in each layer are as follows: the entorhinal cortex directly projects to the dentate gyrus layer and the CA1 layer, the CA1 layer and the subiculum receive projections from the dentate gyrus layer, and the entorhinal cortex receives projections from the CA1 layer and the subiculum; the CA1 layer provides delayed feedback to the CA3 layer, and the subiculum provides delayed feedback to the CA3 layer and the CA1 layer.

[0015] Furthermore, the dentate gyrus layer, CA3 layer, CA1 layer and subiculum layer are connected in a one-to-one manner.

[0016] Furthermore, in step three, the connection between the olfactory-entorhinal cortex biomimetic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal biomimetic model is as follows: the olfactory bulb layer and the piriform cortex layer in the olfactory model are projected to the entorhinal cortex layer through a one-to-one connection, the entorhinal cortex layer is projected to the dentate gyrus layer and CA1 layer in the hippocampus model through a one-to-one connection, and the CA1 and the subiculum are projected to the entorhinal cortex layer through a one-to-one connection.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. Based on the theory of neural clusters and anatomical structure, this application first starts with the sense of smell, which has a relatively clear structure and function, and makes improvements based on existing neurophysiological research results to construct an olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model. It then gradually moves into the more complex hippocampal structure to construct an entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model. Finally, by fusing the two constructed bionic models, with the entorhinal cortex as the core, it connects the sense of smell, the entorhinal cortex, and the hippocampus, and constructs an olfactory-hippocampus neural network model that is as realistic as possible, providing an effective research object for the study of the nervous system in the brain.

[0019] 2. In order to better achieve the connection between the olfactory and entorhinal cortexes, this application simplifies and improves the PC structure in the existing KIII model to make it more consistent with the biological characteristics of the olfactory nervous system. Finally, based on the anatomical structure of the olfactory and entorhinal cortexes, a connection is established with the entorhinal cortex to complete the construction of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model.

[0020] In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, preferred embodiments are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings for detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only eight of the drawings of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the anatomical structure diagram of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a model of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex;

[0025] Figure 4 This is the anatomical structure diagram of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a model of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a model of olfactory-hippocampal;

[0028] Figure 7 The corresponding diagrams show the outputs of different neurons in the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model when there is no input stimulation.

[0029] Figure 8 This is the corresponding diagram of different neuronal outputs in the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model when there is input stimulation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although certain embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] This application is based on the K0, KI, KII, and KIII models constructed by Professor Freeman based on the mammalian olfactory nervous system and a large number of neurophysiological experiments. It uses bionic principles and the neural cluster theory to perform bionic modeling of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex structure. The neural cluster theory refers to cell clusters composed of similar neurons that have similar functions and consistent characteristics and can serve as building blocks of the entire nervous system.

[0032] Example

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure is provided, which is characterized by:

[0034] Step S1: Obtain a KIII model, simplify the piriform cortex structure in the KIII model and model the entorhinal cortex based on the neural cluster theory, and establish connections between neurons in the KIII model and the entorhinal cortex based on the anatomical structure of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex to complete the biomimetic modeling of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex;

[0035] Step S2: Obtain the KI model and the KII model. Based on the neural cluster theory, use the KI model and the KII model to perform layered modeling of the dentate gyrus, CA3 layer, CA1 layer, subiculum layer, and entorhinal cortex. Based on the anatomical structure of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus, establish connections between neurons in each layer to complete the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus biomimetic modeling.

[0036] Step S3: Based on the constructed olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model, and in accordance with the bionic principle, a connection is established between the olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model by projection, thereby completing the construction of the olfactory-hippocampus bionic model.

[0037] In step S1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the KIII model is a five-layer olfactory neural network model composed of multiple K0, KI, and KII models coupled together through feedforward and delayed feedback to simulate the entire olfactory nervous system. These five layers are the peripheral bulb (PG layer), olfactory bulb (OB layer), anterior olfactory nucleus (AON layer), piriform cortex (PC layer), and external capsule (EC layer). However, in the olfactory nervous system simulated by the KIII model, the anterior olfactory nucleus is simulated by a KII model, and the piriform cortex is simulated by a KII model and a KI model.

[0038] In order to better realize the connection between the olfactory and entorhinal cortices, the PC structure in the existing KIII model is simplified and improved. The specific improvement process is as follows: the piriform cortex layer (PC layer) is represented by a single KII model.

[0039] The process of modeling the entorhinal cortex according to the neural cluster theory is as follows: the entorhinal cortex is represented by a single KII model.

[0040] The neurons in the KIII model and KII model are defined as follows: the R unit is the olfactory receptor that inputs odor information, the P unit is the periglomerular cell that preprocesses odor information, M and G correspond to mitral cells and granule cells, respectively, which together complete the spatial transformation of odor information, and E and I correspond to excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the anterior olfactory nucleus, respectively.

[0041] Stellate cells in the entorhinal cortex receive sensory input from the PC layer. They interact with interneurons to form local oscillatory circuits. In the model, S corresponds to stellate cells, and I corresponds to interneurons.

[0042] The biomimetic model of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex follows the physiological structure of the olfactory nervous system and the entorhinal cortex, encompassing the main neurons of the nervous system and the connections and feedback between them. The connections between the KIII model and neurons within the entorhinal cortex are as follows: The R unit represents an olfactory receptor, projecting to an olfactory glomerulus, which can project directly or through P cells to the OB layer. The AON and PC layers receive projections from the OB layer, with M1 cells projecting to E1 and A1 cells, respectively. The EC layer receives projections from the PC layer, with B1 cells projecting to S1 cells. The AON layer provides feedback to the OB layer, with E1 cells projecting to M1 neurons and G1 cells, respectively. The PC layer provides feedback to the OB layer and AON layer, with B1 cells projecting to G1 cells and A1 cells projecting to I1 cells. The PC layer provides delayed feedback to the AON layer, and the EC layer provides delayed feedback to the PC layer, with S1 cells projecting to B1 cells.

[0043] Specifically, E1 cells feedback to G1 cells through D1, E1 cells feedback to M1 cells through D2, A1 cells feedback to I1 cells through D3, B1 cells feedback to G1 cells through D4, and S1 cells feedback to B1 cells through D5.

[0044] Among them, the piriform cortex and the entorhinal cortex are connected in a one-to-one manner.

[0045] In step S2, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown in the diagram of the internal structure of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex is primarily composed of the EC2, EC3, and EC deep. The hippocampus is primarily composed of the DG (dentate gyrus), CA3, CA1, and the subiculum (subiculum). The circuitry between them is as follows: the DG receives projections from the EC2; the CA3 receives projections from the DG and EC2; the CA1 receives projections from the EC3 and CA3; the subiculum receives projections from the CA1; and the EC deep receives projections from the subiculum and CA1.

[0046] The dentate gyrus layer, CA3 layer, CA1 layer and subiculum layer were constructed according to the neural cluster theory; to simplify the connection of the model, the connection between each layer was connected in a one-to-one manner.

[0047] The hierarchical modeling process is as follows: the dentate gyrus layer is represented by a single KI model, which is composed of two interconnected excitatory K0 models; the CA3 layer is represented by a single KII model; the CA1 layer is represented by a single KII model; the subiculum layer is represented by a single KII model; and the entorhinal cortex layer is represented by a single KII model.

[0048] Neurons in the KI and KII models are defined as follows: In the models, S1 cells, S2 cells, CA3_E1 cells, CA3_E2 cells, CA1_E1 cells, CA1_E2 cells, Sub_E1 cells, and Sub_E2 cells represent excitatory neurons. I1 cells, I2 cells, CA3_I1 cells, CA3_I2 cells, CA1_I1 cells, CA3_I2 cells, Sub_I1 cells, and Sub_I2 cells represent inhibitory neurons.

[0049] The entorhinal cortex-hippocampus biomimetic model follows the physiological structure of the hippocampal nervous system and the entorhinal cortex, and includes connection feedback between neurons in the nervous system. Among them, the connection between neurons in each layer is as follows: the entorhinal cortex directly projects to the dentate gyrus layer and the CA1 layer, the CA1 layer and the subiculum receive projections from the dentate gyrus layer, and the entorhinal cortex receives projections from the CA1 layer and the subiculum; the CA1 layer provides delayed feedback to the CA3 layer, and the subiculum provides delayed feedback to the CA3 layer and the CA1 layer.

[0050] In this model, the EC represents the entorhinal cortex, which projects directly to the DG and CA1 layers, either directly or through S1 cells. The CA1 and Sub layers receive projections from the DG, with CA3_E1 cells projecting to CA1_E1 and Sub_E1 cells, respectively. The EC receives projections from the CA1 and Sub layers, with CA1_I1 and Sub_I1 cells projecting to I1 cells. The CA1 layer provides delayed feedback to the CA3 layer, with CA1_E1 cells projecting to CA3_E1 cells. The Sub layer provides delayed feedback to both the CA3 and CA1 layers, with Sub_E1 cells projecting to CA1_I1 cells and Sub_I1 cells projecting to CA3_I1 cells.

[0051] Specifically, CA1_E1 cells act on CA3_I1 cells through D6, Sub_E1 cells feedback to CA1_I1 cells through D7, and Sub_I1 cells feedback to CA3_I1 cells through D8.

[0052] In step S3, the connection between the olfactory-entorhinal cortex biomimetic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal biomimetic model is as follows: the olfactory bulb layer and the piriform cortex layer in the olfactory model are projected to the entorhinal cortex layer through a one-to-one connection, the entorhinal cortex layer is projected to the dentate gyrus layer and CA1 layer in the hippocampal model through a one-to-one connection, and the CA1 and the subiculum are projected to the entorhinal cortex layer through a one-to-one connection.

[0053] from Figure 6The structure of the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model and the connections between neurons are clearly visible. The entorhinal cortex is responsible for collecting processed olfactory information from the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex, preparing it for input into the hippocampus. Projections from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus and CA1 connect the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus. The dentate gyrus and CA1 receive projections from the entorhinal cortex and further process olfactory information, separating different patterns in preparation for memory formation. Simultaneously, the EC receives feedback from the CA1 and subepithelial cortex.

[0054] Next, we construct the dynamic equation of the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model and analyze it.

[0055] This application selects the K series model of K0, KI, KII, and KIII proposed by Professor Freeman as the research object. All neurons in the K series model (each neuron represents a neural cluster or cell tissue) can be described by a unified second-order differential equation, as shown in formulas (1) and (2).

[0056]

[0057] Where N represents the number of parallel units in the model; x i (t), x j (t) are the potential state variables representing the i-th and j-th neural groups respectively; W ij I represents the synaptic connection strength between the jth neural cluster and the ith neural cluster; i (t) represents the external input received by the i-th neural group; a and b represent the two time constants of neural electrophysiological activity, which can be measured by electrophysiological experiments as a=0.220 and b=0.720; and Q(x j (t),q j ) is a nonlinear input or output function derived from the HH (Hodgkin-Huxley) equation. The value of q will represent different values ​​at different locations. For example, q = 1.824 for the neural clusters in the periglomerular cell layer, while q = 5 for the neural clusters in the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, and subiculum.

[0058] like Figure 6 As shown in Figure 1, the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model is composed of the K0, KI, and KII models coupled to each other through many local synaptic connections, forward feedback, and delayed feedback. Based on formulas (1) and (2), the neural dynamic behavior expressions of each layer of the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model are shown in formulas (3)-(13).

[0059] The neural dynamics equations of the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model are solved using the forward Euler method.

[0060] (1) Input layer

[0061]

[0062] (2)PG layer

[0063]

[0064] (3) OB layer

[0065]

[0066] (4) AON layer

[0067]

[0068] (5) PC layer

[0069]

[0070] (6)EC layer

[0071]

[0072] (7) DG layer

[0073]

[0074] (8) CA3 layer

[0075]

[0076] (9) CA1 layer

[0077]

[0078] (10) Sublayer

[0079]

[0080] (11) Feedback

[0081]

[0082] In formulas (3)-(13), i=1, 2, ..., n represents the number of parallel input channels; represents the peripheral noise signal introduced by the i-th channel of the R layer. The noise is simulated by a Gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 and a positive mean. N c (t) represents the central noise signal introduced by the AON layer. The noise is simulated by a Gaussian random number with a mean of 0 and a positive mean. R1(t)…R n (t) represents the pulse density variable of the olfactory receptor output; P1(t)…P n(t), periglomerular cells in the PG layer, representing potential state variables; M i1 (t)…M in (t), i = 1, 2, mitral cells in the OB layer, representing the potential state variable; G i1 (t)…G in (t), i = 1, 2, granule cells in the OB layer, representing the potential state variable; E i (t),I i (t), i = 1, 2, excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the AON layer, representing potential state variables; A i (t),B i (t), i = 1, 2, excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the PC layer, representing potential state variables; S i (t),I i (t), i = 1, 2, excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the EC layer, representing potential state variables; DG i (t), i = 1, 2, excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the DG layer, representing potential state variables; CA3_E i (t),CA3_I i (t), i = 1, 2, excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the CA3 layer, representing potential state variables; CA1_E i (t),CA1_I i (t), i = 1, 2, excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the CA1 layer, representing potential state variables; Sub_E i (t),Sub_I i (t), i = 1, 2, excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons in the Sub layer, representing potential state variables; D l (t),l=1,2,…,8,D i (t) represents the pulse density variable after different long-delay feedback cycles, l represents the number of delayed feedback units in the bionic model; w represents the connection weight between neurons.

[0083] Four different sets of experiments were conducted to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model. The experiments were conducted on the MATLAB R2018b platform. The input layer of the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model was set to 50 channels, and the integration time step during the calculation was 1 ms.

[0084] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, when no stimulation is introduced into the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model, the four sub-graphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) represent the output of typical neurons in the bionic model, and the time duration is 1000ms. Figure 8As shown in the figure, the stimulation intensity introduced into the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model is 2V, the stimulation starts at 301ms, lasts for 500ms, and ends at 800ms. The whole process lasts for 1000ms. The four sub-graphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) respectively represent the output of typical neurons in the bionic model. Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the duration of the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model, and the vertical axis represents the output of different neurons in the olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic model. From top to bottom and from left to right, the outputs of the P1 neuron in the PG layer, the M1 and G1 neurons in the OB layer, the E1 and I1 neurons in the AON layer, the A1 and B1 neurons in the PC layer, the S1 and I1 neurons in the EC layer, the DG1 neuron in the DG layer, the CA3_E1 and CA3_I1 neurons in the CA3 layer, the CA1_E1 and CA1_I1 neurons in the CA1 layer, and the Sub_E1 and Sub_I1 neurons in the Sub layer are shown.

[0085] from Figure 7 As can be seen from the figure, when no stimulation is introduced, the neurons in each layer of the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model are in a disordered state. At the same time, the outputs of the excitatory and inhibitory neurons in each layer of the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model are also consistent with reality.

[0086] from Figure 8 It can be seen that starting from 301ms, after the stimulation is introduced, the states of neurons in each layer of the olfactory-hippocampal bionic model begin to change, from the initial disorder to a stable state, and finally slowly back to the initial state. Figure 8 In sub-graphs (c) and (d), it can be clearly seen that the stimulation state of the neurons in the two sub-graphs is later than that of the neurons in sub-graphs (a) and (b). This is caused by the time-consuming transmission of neuronal stimulation, which is consistent with reality.

[0087] The above description of the various embodiments tends to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments. The same or similar aspects can be referenced to each other. For the sake of brevity, this application will not go into details.

[0088] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions are possible for those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure, characterized by: Step 1: Obtain the KIII model. Based on the neural cluster theory, simplify the structure of the piriform cortex in the KIII model and model the entorhinal cortex. Based on the anatomical structure of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex, establish connections between the KIII model and neurons in the entorhinal cortex to complete the biomimetic modeling of the olfactory-entorhinal cortex. Step 2: Obtain the KI model and the KII model. Based on the neural cluster theory, use the KI model and the KII model to perform layered modeling of the dentate gyrus, CA3 layer, CA1 layer, subiculum layer, and entorhinal cortex. Based on the anatomical structure of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus, establish connections between neurons in each layer to complete the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus biomimetic modeling. In step 2, the connections between neurons in each layer are as follows: the entorhinal cortex directly projects to the dentate gyrus and CA1 layers, the CA1 layer and the subiculum receive projections from the dentate gyrus, and the entorhinal cortex receives projections from the CA1 layer and the subiculum; the CA1 layer provides delayed feedback to the CA3 layer, and the subiculum provides delayed feedback to the CA3 and CA1 layers; Step 3: Based on the constructed olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model, and in accordance with the bionic principles, a connection is established between the olfactory-entorhinal cortex bionic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus bionic model through projection to complete the construction of the olfactory-hippocampus bionic model.

2. The olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the process of simplifying the piriform cortex structure in the KIII model and modeling the entorhinal cortex is as follows: the piriform cortex is represented by a single KII model, the entorhinal cortex is represented by a single KII model, and the neurons in the KII model are defined.

3. The olfactory-hippocampal bionic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1, the connection between the KIII model and the neurons in the entorhinal cortex is as follows: the olfactory receptors project directly or through the periocular layer to the olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nucleus and the piriform cortex receive projections from the olfactory bulb, and the entorhinal cortex receives projections from the piriform cortex; the anterior olfactory nucleus provides feedback to the olfactory bulb, the piriform cortex provides feedback to the olfactory bulb, the entorhinal cortex provides delayed feedback to the piriform cortex, and the piriform cortex provides delayed feedback to the anterior olfactory nucleus.

4. The olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The piriform cortex and the entorhinal cortex are connected in a one-to-one manner.

5. The olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the hierarchical modeling process is as follows: the dentate gyrus layer is represented by a single KI model, the CA3 layer is represented by a single KII model, the CA1 layer is represented by a single KII model, the subiculum layer is represented by a single KII model, and the entorhinal cortex layer is represented by a single KII model, and the neurons in the KI model and the KII model are defined.

6. The olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The KI model is composed of two excited K0 models interconnected.

7. The olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dentate gyrus layer, CA3 layer, CA1 layer and subiculum layer are connected in a one-to-one manner.

8. The olfactory-hippocampal biomimetic modeling method based on neural cluster theory and anatomical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the connection between the olfactory-entorhinal cortex biomimetic model and the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal biomimetic model is as follows: the olfactory bulb layer and the piriform cortex layer in the olfactory model are projected to the entorhinal cortex layer through a one-to-one connection, the entorhinal cortex layer is projected to the dentate gyrus layer and CA1 layer in the hippocampal model through a one-to-one connection, and the CA1 and subiculum are projected to the entorhinal cortex layer through a one-to-one connection.

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