Full band liquid crystal antenna and communication system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a full-band liquid crystal antenna and a communication system, which comprises a metal back plate, a liquid crystal phase modulation structure, a plurality of microwave control units and a plurality of laser control units; the metal back plate is electrically connected with the microwave control units, and the metal back plate is also electrically connected with the laser control units; the liquid crystal phase modulation structure is arranged on one side of the metal back plate; the microwave control units and the laser control units are arranged on the side, away from the metal back plate, of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure; each microwave control unit receives and reflects an externally input microwave signal; each laser control unit reflects an externally input laser signal; the liquid crystal phase modulation structure is used for receiving an input bias voltage and adjusting the reflection angles of the microwave signal and the laser signal according to the amplitude of the bias voltage. The dielectric constant change of the liquid crystal under an externally applied direct current voltage is utilized to realize phase control of the laser and microwave signals.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of satellite communication, and particularly relates to a full-band liquid crystal antenna and a communication system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The existing communication system usually adopts two communication modes of microwave or laser to adapt to different communication scenes and requirements. The two communication modes work independently by using independent hardware and software systems, so that the existing communication mode inevitably occupies a large amount of load resources on the satellite which has very strict requirements on space and weight. On the satellite ground station, a large amount of infrastructure work is also brought by different communication modes.

[0003] The above content is only used to assist in understanding the technical solutions of the present application and does not represent the acknowledgement of the above content as prior art. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a full-band liquid crystal antenna and a communication system, which aims to solve the technical problem of resource waste caused by the fact that the two communication modes of microwave and laser cannot work together in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a full-band liquid crystal antenna, which comprises a metal back plate, a liquid crystal phase modulation structure, a plurality of microwave control units and a plurality of laser control units.

[0006] The metal back plate is electrically connected with each microwave control unit, and the metal back plate is also electrically connected with each laser control unit. The liquid crystal phase modulation structure is arranged on one side of the metal back plate, and each microwave control unit and each laser control unit are arranged on the side of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure away from the metal back plate.

[0007] Each microwave control unit is used for receiving and reflecting the externally input microwave signal.

[0008] Each laser control unit is used for reflecting the externally input laser signal.

[0009] The liquid crystal phase modulation structure is used for receiving the input bias voltage and adjusting the reflection angle of the microwave signal and the laser signal according to the amplitude of the bias voltage.

[0010] Optionally, the liquid crystal phase modulation structure comprises a first glass substrate, a first alignment layer, an adjustable liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer and a second glass substrate arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

[0011] A first support is further arranged between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.

[0012] Optionally, each of the laser control units includes: an indium phosphide thin film electrode and a reflective substrate;

[0013] The adjustable liquid crystal layer exists between the indium phosphide thin film electrode and the reflective substrate.

[0014] The indium phosphide thin film electrode is electrically connected to the reflective layer substrate via a first adjustable DC power source.

[0015] Optionally, the reflective layer substrate is disposed inside the adjustable liquid crystal layer, and a second support member is disposed between the reflective layer substrate and the first alignment layer, wherein the length of the second support member is less than the length of the first support member.

[0016] Optionally, the reflection angle of the laser signal is adjusted based on the amplitude change of the first adjustable DC source during the time elapsed from when the laser signal enters the adjustable liquid crystal layer to when it exits the adjustable liquid crystal layer, and the angular frequency of the laser signal.

[0017] Optionally, each of the microwave control units includes: a patch oscillator and an open-circuit transmission line;

[0018] The patch oscillator and the open-circuit transmission line are disposed on the adjustable liquid crystal layer;

[0019] The patch oscillator is electrically connected to the metal backplate via a second adjustable DC power source.

[0020] Optionally, the open-circuit transmission line is arranged around the patch oscillator, and the microwave signal reflected from the patch oscillator through the open-circuit transmission line back to the patch oscillator has a phase difference of 360°.

[0021] Optionally, the reflection angle of the microwave signal is adjusted based on the amplitude change of the phase from when the second adjustable DC source receives the microwave signal on the patch oscillator to when the microwave is radiated, and the spacing between the patch oscillators.

[0022] Optionally, the tunable liquid crystal layer is a nematic liquid crystal.

[0023] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a communication system, which includes a full-band liquid crystal antenna as described above.

[0024] The application provides a full-band liquid crystal antenna and a communication system, which comprises a metal back plate, a liquid crystal phase modulation structure, a plurality of microwave control units and a plurality of laser control units; the metal back plate is electrically connected with each microwave control unit, the metal back plate is also electrically connected with each laser control unit, the liquid crystal phase modulation structure is arranged on one side of the metal back plate, each microwave control unit and each laser control unit are arranged on the side of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure away from the metal back plate; each microwave control unit is used for receiving and reflecting an externally input microwave signal; each laser control unit is used for reflecting an externally input laser signal; the liquid crystal phase modulation structure is used for receiving an input bias voltage and adjusting the reflection angle of the microwave signal and the laser signal according to the amplitude of the bias voltage. The dielectric constant change of the liquid crystal under an externally applied direct current voltage is used to realize the phase control of the laser and microwave signals. The physical fusion of the microwave antenna and the optical antenna is realized, the same material and process are shared, and the low-cost mass production can be realized by means of the mature liquid crystal display panel production line. Compared with the multiple sets of microwave and laser communication systems in the traditional satellite communication, the overall volume and weight are greatly reduced, and the valuable satellite load and ground station resources are saved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without any creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the laser control unit in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a side view structural schematic diagram of the laser control unit in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the microwave control unit in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application.

[0031] Figure 6The side view structural schematic diagram of the microwave regulation unit in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0032] Figure 7 The reflection phase of the reflection surface corresponding to different dielectric constants in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0033] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein merely set forth some of the ways in which various aspects of the present application can be implemented and that numerous other embodiments can be implemented in accordance with the present application.

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0037] In addition, the description of "first", "second" and the like in the present application is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the technical features indicated or the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those of ordinary skill in the art, and when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the scope of protection required by the present application.

[0038] The main solution of this invention is as follows: A full-band liquid crystal antenna includes: a metal backplate, a liquid crystal phase modulation structure, multiple microwave control units, and multiple laser control units; the metal backplate is electrically connected to each of the microwave control units, and the metal backplate is also electrically connected to each of the laser control units; the liquid crystal phase modulation structure is disposed on one side of the metal backplate, and each of the microwave control units and each of the laser control units is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure away from the metal backplate; each of the microwave control units is used to receive and reflect externally input microwave signals; each of the laser control units is used to reflect externally input laser signals; the liquid crystal phase modulation structure is used to receive an input bias voltage and adjust the reflection angles of the microwave signals and the laser signals according to the amplitude of the bias voltage.

[0039] Existing communication systems typically employ either microwave or laser communication standards to adapt to different communication scenarios and requirements. These two standards operate independently with separate hardware and software systems, inevitably leading to significant payload resource consumption on satellites with stringent space and weight constraints. Furthermore, the different communication standards at satellite ground stations also require substantial infrastructure development. Therefore, merging microwave and laser communication standards into a single system would save significant resources for both satellite payloads and ground station construction, significantly promoting and advancing satellite communication and even next-generation 6G communication. The primary requirement for this merging of communication standards is a unified antenna capable of operating simultaneously in both microwave and optical frequency bands, while achieving physical reuse and sharing.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the full-band liquid crystal antenna includes: a metal backplate 10, a liquid crystal phase modulation structure 20, a plurality of microwave control units 30, and a plurality of laser control units 40; the metal backplate 10 is electrically connected to each of the microwave control units 30, and the metal backplate 10 is also electrically connected to each of the laser control units 40; the liquid crystal phase modulation structure 20 is disposed on one side of the metal backplate 10, and each of the microwave control units 30 and each of the laser control units 40 is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure 20 away from the metal backplate 10;

[0041] It should be noted that each of the microwave control units 30 can be used to receive and reflect externally input microwave signals; each of the laser control units 40 can be used to reflect externally input laser signals; and the liquid crystal phase modulation structure 20 can be used to receive an input bias voltage and adjust the reflection angle of the microwave signal and the laser signal according to the amplitude of the bias voltage.

[0042] Among them, the microwave control unit 30 and the metal backplate 10 can form a power supply circuit (not in Figure 1 (As shown in the diagram) It is connected to a DC bias power supply to provide bias voltage for the full-band liquid crystal antenna. Microwave signals can be emitted by a microwave horn. Since the refractive index of the liquid crystal changes with the voltage applied to it, the phase of the antenna is adjusted by adjusting the DC bias voltage, ultimately forming a plane wave front that is reflected from the reflecting surface, thus achieving high gain. Beam scanning and other functions can be achieved through the control of the liquid crystal. Similar to microwave signals, laser signals can be emitted by optical fibers or lenses, and beam scanning and other functions can be achieved through the control of the liquid crystal.

[0043] In this embodiment, the full-band liquid crystal antenna includes: a metal backplate, a liquid crystal phase modulation structure, multiple microwave modulation units, and multiple laser modulation units. The metal backplate is electrically connected to each of the microwave modulation units and also electrically connected to each of the laser modulation units. The liquid crystal phase modulation structure is disposed on one side of the metal backplate, and each of the microwave modulation units and each of the laser modulation units is disposed on the side of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure away from the metal backplate. Each microwave modulation unit is used to receive and reflect externally input microwave signals; each of the laser modulation units is used to reflect externally input laser signals; the liquid crystal phase modulation structure is used to receive an input bias voltage and adjust the reflection angles of the microwave and laser signals according to the amplitude of the bias voltage. Phase modulation of laser and microwave signals is achieved by utilizing the change in dielectric constant of liquid crystal under an applied DC voltage. This realizes the physical integration of microwave and optical antennas, using the same materials and processes, and enables low-cost mass production with the help of mature liquid crystal display panel production lines. Compared to the separate microwave and laser communication systems in traditional satellite communications, this method greatly reduces the overall size and weight, saving valuable satellite payload and ground station resources.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the same or similar content as in the first embodiment described above can be referred to the above description, and will not be repeated hereafter.

[0045] The liquid crystal phase modulation structure 20 includes: a first glass substrate 201, a first alignment layer 202, an adjustable liquid crystal layer 203, a second alignment layer 204, and a second glass substrate 205 arranged sequentially from bottom to top; a first support member 206 is also provided between the first alignment layer 202 and the second alignment layer 204.

[0046] It should be noted that the glass substrate is a thin glass sheet constituting a liquid crystal display device, serving as a support for a liquid crystal phase modulation structure. The alignment layer can be a thin layer of medium in contact with the liquid crystal, allowing the liquid crystal molecules to be arranged in a predetermined direction and angle. The full-band liquid crystal antenna is designed in a reflective surface form, and the electromagnetic wave needs to pass through the liquid crystal material twice, which can reduce the size of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure under the condition of the same phase modulation range.

[0047] It should be understood that the controllable liquid crystal layer adopts nematic liquid crystals (NLC). The nematic liquid crystals are composed of rod-like molecules with a very large aspect ratio, and the molecular center of mass has no long-range order. It has a flow similar to ordinary liquid, and the molecules are not arranged in layers, and it can slide up and down, left and right, and front and back, and only in the direction of the molecular long axis, it remains parallel or nearly parallel to each other. Nematic liquid crystals have high fluidity and voltage control sensitivity. Therefore, a support member is needed to maintain the structure between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.

[0048] Referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , Figure 3 is a top view structural schematic diagram of the laser control unit in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application, Figure 4 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the laser control unit in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application. Based on the above embodiments, the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application is proposed. As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , in this embodiment, the same or similar contents as in the first and second embodiments described above can be referred to in the above description, and will not be described again.

[0049] Each of the laser control units 40 includes an indium phosphide thin film electrode 401 and a reflective layer substrate 402. The controllable liquid crystal layer 203 exists between the indium phosphide thin film electrode 401 and the reflective layer substrate 402. The indium phosphide thin film electrode 401 and the reflective layer substrate 402 are electrically connected by a first adjustable direct current source V1.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the reflective layer substrate is arranged inside the controllable liquid crystal layer, and a second support member 403 is arranged between the reflective layer substrate and the first alignment layer, and the length of the second support member is less than the length of the first support member. The reflective layer substrate can also serve as a metal electrode.

[0051] Further, the reflection angle of the laser signal is adjusted based on the amplitude change of the first adjustable direct current source from the time when the laser signal enters the controllable liquid crystal layer to the time when it exits the controllable liquid crystal layer, and the angular frequency of the laser signal.

[0052] It should be understood that when the voltage applied between the indium phosphide thin film electrode and the reflective layer substrate is changed, the orientation of the nematic liquid crystal molecules is changed, thereby causing a change in the dielectric constant εr or the refractive index n (εr = n 2 ). Assuming that the voltages applied on the adjacent cell electrodes are V1 and V2 respectively, and the corresponding refractive indices are n1 and n2 respectively, the refractive index change Δn = n2 - n1, and accordingly, the time delay change of the laser passing through the liquid crystal cell can be calculated as follows:

[0053] Δt = 2h * Δn / (cos(θ2) * c0)

[0054] Where c0 is the speed of light in vacuum, h is the thickness of the liquid crystal, and θ2 is the angle between the laser reflected by the reflective layer and the vertical line of the reflective layer. Δt is the time of the laser signal passing through the adjustable liquid crystal layer. The laser beam pointing angle θ0 after passing through the adjustable liquid crystal layer can be calculated from the beam pointing angle formula (as follows):

[0055] -k0d1sin(θ1) + ωΔt + k0d1sin(θ0) = 0

[0056] Where k0 is the free space wave number, and ω is the angular frequency of the laser signal. At the same time, it satisfies:

[0057] k0 sin(θ1) = k1 sin(θ2)

[0058] Where k1 is the wave number in the liquid crystal. Further, the reflection angle of the laser signal can be changed by changing the amplitude of the first adjustable DC source.

[0059] Referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , Figure 5 is a top view structural schematic diagram of a microwave control unit in a third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application, Figure 6 is a side view structural schematic diagram of a microwave control unit in a third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application.

[0060] Each of the microwave control units 30 comprises a patch vibrator 301 and an open circuit transmission line 302; the patch vibrator 301 and the open circuit transmission line 302 are arranged on the adjustable liquid crystal layer 203; the patch vibrator 301 is electrically connected to the metal back plate 10 through a second adjustable DC source V2. The open circuit transmission line is arranged around the patch vibrator, and the phase difference of the microwave signal reflected from the patch vibrator to the patch vibrator through the open circuit transmission line is 360°. The microwave reflection phase modulation structure using the open circuit transmission line can reduce the length of the transmission line.

[0061] It should be noted that the reflection angle of the microwave signal is adjusted based on the second adjustable DC source, the change in the amplitude of the phase of the microwave signal received by the patch vibrator to radiate the microwave, and the interval distance of the patch vibrator.

[0062] It should be understood that the phase control principle of the microwave is different from that of the laser. The microwave signal is first received by the patch vibrator on the reflecting surface, then transmitted to the open end via the open transmission line, then fully reflected back to the patch vibrator and radiated again. In the process of receiving, reflecting and re-emitting, by changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material under the transmission line, the phase change caused by the transmission line can be controlled.

[0063] Referring to Figure 7 , Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the reflection phase of the reflecting surface corresponding to different dielectric constants in the third embodiment of the full-band liquid crystal antenna of the present application. As shown in Figure 7 , the dielectric constant D k of the liquid crystal material is taken as 2.46-3.28, and it can be seen that the reflection phase generated by the reflecting surface is arranged from top to bottom, and at the center frequency of about 14.94 GHz, the phase change range reaches one cycle of 360°. Assuming that the phase change between adjacent units is Δφ, the beam pointing θ0through the microwave reflecting surface can be calculated by the beam pointing angle formula (as follows).

[0064]

[0065] where k0is the wave number in vacuum, d is the distance difference of the incident wave when reaching the reflecting surface, and d2is the width of the microwave control unit.

[0066] In the embodiment, each of the laser control units comprises an indium phosphide thin film electrode and a reflective layer substrate, the adjustable liquid crystal layer is arranged between the indium phosphide thin film electrode and the reflective layer substrate, and the indium phosphide thin film electrode and the reflective layer substrate are electrically connected by a first adjustable direct current source. The reflection angle of the laser signal is adjusted based on the amplitude change of the first adjustable direct current source in the time period from when the laser signal enters the adjustable liquid crystal layer to when the laser signal exits the adjustable liquid crystal layer and the angular frequency of the laser signal. Each of the microwave control units comprises a patch vibrator and an open circuit transmission line, the patch vibrator and the open circuit transmission line are arranged on the adjustable liquid crystal layer, and the patch vibrator and the metal back plate are electrically connected by a second adjustable direct current source. The reflection angle of the microwave signal is adjusted based on the amplitude change of the second adjustable direct current source in the phase of the time period from when the patch vibrator receives the microwave signal to when the patch vibrator radiates the microwave and the interval distance of the patch vibrator. The physical fusion of the microwave antenna and the optical antenna is realized, the overall volume and weight of the multiple sets of microwave and laser communication systems which are separated in the traditional satellite communication are greatly reduced. A pure electric control scanning mode is also realized, which can have a faster speed and a lower maintenance cost compared with the traditional mechanical rotary scanning. The microwave and optical antennas can be independently controlled, so that the beam pointing is more flexible and the microwave and laser loads at different positions can be conveniently aligned.

[0067] In addition, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system. Since the communication system comprises the full-band liquid crystal antenna, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above-mentioned embodiments are achieved, and here, the details are not described again.

[0068] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation obtained by utilizing the content of the specification and drawings of the present application, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, is also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

[0069] Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0070] It should be noted that all directionality indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, …) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, motion condition, etc. between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), if the specific posture changes, the directionality indications also change accordingly.

[0071] In addition, the descriptions in the present application involving "first", "second" and the like are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that a person skilled in the art can realize it, when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that the combination of such technical solutions does not exist, nor within the protection scope required by the present application.

Claims

1. A full-band liquid crystal antenna, characterized in that, The full-band liquid crystal antenna includes: a metal backplate, a liquid crystal phase modulation structure, multiple microwave modulation units, and multiple laser modulation units; The metal backplate is electrically connected to each of the microwave control units, and the metal backplate is also electrically connected to each of the laser control units. The liquid crystal phase modulation structure is disposed on one side of the metal backplate, and each of the microwave control units and each of the laser control units are disposed on the side of the liquid crystal phase modulation structure away from the metal backplate. Each of the microwave control units is used to receive and reflect externally input microwave signals; Each of the laser control units is used to reflect externally input laser signals; The liquid crystal phase modulation structure is used to receive the input bias voltage and adjust the reflection angle of the microwave signal and the laser signal according to the amplitude of the bias voltage.

2. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid crystal phase modulation structure includes: a first glass substrate, a first alignment layer, an adjustable liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer, and a second glass substrate arranged sequentially from bottom to top; A first support member is also provided between the first orientation layer and the second orientation layer.

3. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the laser control units includes: an indium phosphide thin film electrode and a reflective substrate; The adjustable liquid crystal layer exists between the indium phosphide thin film electrode and the reflective substrate. The indium phosphide thin film electrode is electrically connected to the reflective layer substrate via a first adjustable DC power source.

4. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The reflective layer substrate is disposed inside the adjustable liquid crystal layer, and a second support member is disposed between the reflective layer substrate and the first alignment layer, the length of the second support member being less than the length of the first support member.

5. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The reflection angle of the laser signal is adjusted based on the amplitude change of the first adjustable DC source during the time elapsed from when the laser signal enters the adjustable liquid crystal layer to when it exits the adjustable liquid crystal layer, and the angular frequency of the laser signal.

6. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the microwave control units includes: a patch oscillator and an open-circuit transmission line; The patch oscillator and the open-circuit transmission line are disposed on the adjustable liquid crystal layer; The patch oscillator is electrically connected to the metal backplate via a second adjustable DC power source.

7. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The open-circuit transmission line is arranged around the patch oscillator, and the microwave signal reflected from the patch oscillator through the open-circuit transmission line back to the patch oscillator has a phase difference of 360°.

8. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The reflection angle of the microwave signal is adjusted based on the amplitude change of the phase from when the second adjustable DC source receives the microwave signal on the patch vibrator to when it radiates the microwave signal, and the spacing between the patch vibrators.

9. The full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustable liquid crystal layer is a nematic liquid crystal.

10. A communication system, characterized in that, The communication system includes a full-band liquid crystal antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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