Polarizer

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a polarizer. The polarizer comprises a dielectric substrate; the two I-shaped metal patches are symmetrically arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and a gap is formed between the two I-shaped metal patches; the PIN diode is arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and is connected between the two I-shaped metal patches; the two metal grounding plates are symmetrically arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, and a gap is formed between the two metal grounding plates; two metal via holes are symmetrically formed in the dielectric substrate, and the two metal grounding plates are connected with the two I-shaped metal patches through the two metal via holes respectively; when the two metal grounding plates are not electrified, the PIN diode is disconnected so as to linearly polarize electromagnetic waves incident to the dielectric substrate; and when the two metal grounding plates are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply, the PIN diode is conducted so as to carry out linear-circular polarization on electromagnetic waves entering the dielectric substrate. The polarization mode of the polarizer can be flexibly switched by controlling the two metal grounding plates to be electrified or not electrified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of microwave technology, and in particular to a polarizer. Background Art

[0002] A polarization converter is a device specifically used to convert electromagnetic waves from one polarization state to another. The polarization state is an important characteristic of electromagnetic waves, which describes the vibration direction of the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave. Polarization converters adapt electromagnetic waves to different application needs or system requirements by changing their polarization direction. Polarizers have a wide range of application scenarios. They can be used in wireless communications to improve signal quality and reduce interference, and optimize signal reception and transmission by controlling the polarization state of the signal; polarizers can help identify and classify targets in radar systems, and improve target detection capabilities by adjusting the polarization state of radar waves; in the field of optical microscopy, polarizers can improve image contrast and clarity, and enhance the detailed observation of samples by selectively filtering the polarization state of light; in polarized light photography, polarizers can reduce light reflection and glare, improve the color saturation and clarity of images, and are used in photography and imaging applications. Polarization converters play an important role in many high-tech fields. They enable various systems to control and utilize electromagnetic waves more effectively.

[0003] Polarizers can be divided into two types according to their working type: reflective type and transmissive type. They can be divided into linear polarization deflectors and linear-circular polarization converters according to their working mode. At present, most of the polarizers based on metasurfaces have a single function and cannot be switched. Once the device structure is designed and processed, the working performance of the device is fixed, and its working mode is single and cannot be adjusted. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention are proposed to provide a polarizer that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0005] In order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a polarizer, comprising:

[0006] dielectric substrate;

[0007] Two I-shaped metal patches are symmetrically arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and have a gap therebetween;

[0008] A PIN diode is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and connected between the two I-shaped metal patches;

[0009] Two metal grounding plates are symmetrically arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate and have a gap therebetween;

[0010] Two metal vias are symmetrically arranged in the dielectric substrate, and the two metal ground plates are respectively connected to the two I-shaped metal patches through the two metal vias;

[0011] When the two metal grounding plates are not powered, the PIN diode is disconnected to linearly polarize the electromagnetic wave incident on the dielectric substrate;

[0012] When the two metal ground plates are connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively, the PIN diode is turned on to perform linear-circular polarization on the electromagnetic wave incident on the dielectric substrate.

[0013] Optionally, when the two metal ground plates are not energized and the PIN diode is disconnected, electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate within a frequency range of 9.29-10.29 GHz are linearly polarized.

[0014] Optionally, when the two metal ground plates are connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively, and the PIN diode is turned on, the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate in the frequency range of 9.1-9.6 GHz are linearly-circularly polarized.

[0015] Optionally, the two I-shaped metal patches have the same size and structure, and the I-shaped metal patch comprises: a first transverse portion, a second transverse portion and a vertical portion; the first transverse portion is parallel to the second transverse portion, and the vertical portion is vertically connected between the first transverse portion and the second transverse portion;

[0016] The first transverse portion has a length of 7 mm and a width of 1.7 mm;

[0017] The second transverse portion has a length of 3 mm and a width of 0.5 mm;

[0018] The length of the vertical portion is 1.9 mm and the width is 1 mm.

[0019] Optionally, the PIN diode is connected between the second transverse portions of the two I-shaped metal patches;

[0020] The two metal ground plates are connected to the first transverse portions of the two I-shaped metal patches through the two metal vias respectively.

[0021] Optionally, the two I-shaped metal patches are made of copper and have a thickness of 0.018 mm.

[0022] Optionally, the dielectric substrate is made of FR4, has a height of 1.5 mm, a length of 12 mm, and a width of 12 mm.

[0023] Optionally, the two metal ground plates are made of copper with a thickness of 0.018 mm, and a gap between the two metal ground plates is 1 mm.

[0024] Optionally, the two metal vias are made of copper and have a diameter of 1-2 mm.

[0025] Optionally, the model of the PIN diode is SMP1345.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention include the following advantages:

[0027] In an embodiment of the present invention, the polarizer may include a dielectric substrate 1, two I-shaped metal patches 2 symmetrically arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a PIN diode 3 connected between the two I-shaped metal patches 2, and two metal grounding plates 4 symmetrically arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1, wherein the two metal grounding plates 4 are respectively connected to the two I-shaped metal patches 2 through two metal vias 5 in the dielectric substrate 1; when the two metal grounding plates 4 are not energized, the PIN diode is disconnected to linearly polarize the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate 1; when the two metal grounding plates 4 are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply, the PIN diode 3 is turned on to linearly-circularly polarize the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate 1. By controlling whether the two metal grounding plates 4 are energized or not, the polarization mode of the polarizer can be flexibly switched. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a polarizer is provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A front view of a polarizer is provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 A top view of a polarizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 A polarization reflection coefficient curve diagram when a PIN diode in a polarizer is in a disconnected state is provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 A polarization reflection coefficient curve diagram when a PIN diode in a polarizer is in a conducting state is provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Numbers in the figure: 1, dielectric substrate; 2, I-shaped metal patch; 3, PIN diode; 4, metal ground plate; 5, metal via. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a polarizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The front view of a polarizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The polarizer may include:

[0036] Dielectric substrate 1;

[0037] Two I-shaped metal patches 2 are symmetrically arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 with a gap therebetween;

[0038] A PIN diode 3 is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and connected between the two I-shaped metal patches 2;

[0039] Two metal ground plates 4 are symmetrically arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and have a gap therebetween;

[0040] Two metal vias 5 are symmetrically arranged in the dielectric substrate 1, and the two metal ground plates 4 are connected to the two I-shaped metal patches 2 through the two metal vias 5 respectively;

[0041] When the two metal grounding plates 4 are not powered, the PIN diode 3 is disconnected to linearly polarize the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate 1;

[0042] When the two metal ground plates 4 are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively, the PIN diode 3 is turned on to perform linear-circular polarization on the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate 1 .

[0043] In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric substrate 1 has a first surface and a second surface, the first surface and the second surface may be two corresponding surfaces, and the dielectric substrate 1 may be in the shape of a cube. In one example, the first surface and the second surface may be rectangular planes. In another example, the first surface and the second surface may be square planes.

[0044] The two I-shaped metal patches 2 can be symmetrically arranged on the first surface based on the symmetry center of the first surface, and a certain gap is left between the two I-shaped metal patches 2 to arrange the PIN diode 3, so that the PIN diode 3 can be arranged based on the symmetry center of the first surface. In an example, the PIN diode 3 can be fixed between the two I-shaped metal patches 2 by welding.

[0045] The two metal grounding plates 4 can be symmetrically arranged on the second surface based on the symmetry center of the second surface, and there is a certain gap between the two metal grounding plates 4 to facilitate the connection of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively.

[0046] Two metal vias 5 may be symmetrically arranged in the dielectric substrate 1, and the metal vias 5 may be formed by digging a hole in the dielectric substrate 1 and then plating metal on the inner wall of the hole. A metal ground plate 4 may be connected to an I-shaped metal patch 2 through a metal via 5.

[0047] When the two metal grounding plates 4 are not powered, no voltage is applied across the PIN diode 3, so the PIN diode 3 is disconnected. The PIN diode 3 can be equivalent to a capacitor in the disconnected state, and the surface current of the polarizer can be concentrated on the edge of the PIN diode 3 and the I-shaped metal patch 2. The equivalent current directions of the u-polarized wave and the v-polarized wave are exactly perpendicular, thereby achieving a 90-degree deflection of the linear polarization.

[0048] When the two metal grounding plates 4 are connected to the positive and negative poles of the power supply respectively, a voltage is applied across the PIN diode 3, and the PIN diode 3 is turned on. The PIN diode 3 can be equivalent to a resistor in the on state, and the I-shaped metal patch 2 and the bottom metal grounding plate 4 will form a circular current closed loop, thereby generating an equivalent magnetic moment, so that the phase of the reflected wave after the battery wave is incident is regulated, and the linear-circular polarization conversion is realized.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, the polarizer may include a dielectric substrate 1, two I-shaped metal patches 2 symmetrically arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a PIN diode 3 connected between the two I-shaped metal patches 2, and two metal grounding plates 4 symmetrically arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1, wherein the two metal grounding plates 4 are respectively connected to the two I-shaped metal patches 2 through two metal vias 5 in the dielectric substrate 1; when the two metal grounding plates 4 are not energized, the PIN diode is disconnected to linearly polarize the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate 1; when the two metal grounding plates 4 are respectively connected to the positive pole and the negative pole of the power supply, the PIN diode 3 is turned on to linearly-circularly polarize the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate 1. By controlling whether the two metal grounding plates 4 are energized or not, the polarization mode of the polarizer can be flexibly switched.

[0050] Reference Figure 3The top view of a polarizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the two I-shaped metal patches 2 have the same size and structure. In some embodiments, the I-shaped metal patch 2 includes a first transverse portion, a vertical portion, and a second transverse portion; the first transverse portion is parallel to the second transverse portion, and the vertical portion is vertically connected between the first transverse portion and the second transverse portion, together forming an "I"-shaped structure. In some embodiments, the shape of the first transverse portion, the vertical portion, and the second transverse portion can be rectangular. The length of the first transverse portion can be greater than the length of the second transverse portion.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length L1 of the first transverse portion may be 7 mm, and the width W2 may be 1.7 mm; the length L3 of the second transverse portion may be 3 mm, and the width W1 may be 0.5 mm; the length L2 of the vertical portion may be 1.9 mm, and the width W3 may be 1 mm. In practice, the sizes of the first transverse portion, the vertical portion, and the second transverse portion may be set according to actual needs.

[0052] There are two I-shaped metal patches 2, which are based on the symmetry center of the upper surface of the polarizer structure to form a symmetrical structure on the first surface of the dielectric substrate 1. The gap width W0 between the two I-shaped metal patches 2 can be used to set the PIN diode 3, which can be 1.2 mm. The height of the dielectric substrate 1 can be 1.5 mm. In an example, the first surface and the second surface of the dielectric substrate 1 are square planes, and the length and width L can both be 12 mm.

[0053] Reference Figure 4 The polarization reflection coefficient curve diagram of a polarizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the PIN diode is in the disconnected state is shown, wherein S11 represents the co-polarization reflection coefficient, which describes the amplitude ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave when the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave have the same polarization state, that is, when the vibration directions of the electric field vectors of the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave are the same during propagation; S21 represents the cross-polarization reflection coefficient, which describes the amplitude ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave when the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave have orthogonal polarization states, that is, when the electric field vectors of the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other in space during propagation. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the frequency, ranging from 8 GHz to 12 GHz. Within this range, the performance of the polarizer can be evaluated by the changes in the S11 co-polarization reflection coefficient and the S21 cross-polarization reflection coefficient.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the PIN diode 3 is not biased, the polarizer of the present invention can deflect the incident electromagnetic wave with 45-degree polarization into 90-degree linear polarization, and the frequency range of polarization deflection is 9.29-10.29 GHz. Specifically, when the two metal grounding plates 4 are not powered, the PIN diode 3 is disconnected, and the incident electromagnetic wave contains two orthogonal polarization components: u polarization wave and v polarization wave. The current excited by the u polarization wave and the v polarization wave on the surface of the polarizer will form a closed loop at the edge of the I-shaped metal patch 2; due to the geometric shape of the edge of the I-shaped metal patch 2, the equivalent current directions of the u polarization wave and the v polarization wave are exactly perpendicular. In the frequency range of 9.29-10.29 GHz, the direction of the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave incident on the dielectric substrate 1 can change when passing through the polarizer, thereby completing the conversion from the 45-degree polarization state to the orthogonal 90-degree polarization state, and realizing a 90-degree linear polarization deflection.

[0055] Reference Figure 5 A graph of polarization reflection coefficients when a PIN diode is in the on state in a polarizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown, wherein S11 represents the co-polarization reflection coefficient, which describes the amplitude ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave when the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave have the same polarization state, that is, when the vibration directions of the electric field vectors of the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave are the same during propagation; S21 represents the cross-polarization reflection coefficient, which describes the amplitude ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave when the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave have orthogonal polarization states, that is, when the electric field vectors of the incident electromagnetic wave and the reflected electromagnetic wave are perpendicular to each other in space during propagation. The horizontal axis of the graph represents the frequency, ranging from 9 GHz to 10 GHz. Within this range, the performance of the polarizer can be evaluated by the changes in S11 and S21.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the PIN diode 3 is turned on with a bias voltage, the polarizer of the present invention can convert the electromagnetic wave incident with 45-degree polarization into linear-circular polarization, and the frequency range of the linear polarization wave converted into the circular polarization wave is 9.1-9.6GHz. Specifically, when the PIN diode 3 is turned on with a bias voltage, the equivalent circuit behaves as a low-resistance element, allowing current to flow between the I-shaped metal patch 2 and the metal grounding plate 4, and a circular current closed loop is formed between the surface of the I-shaped metal patch 2 and the metal grounding plate 4, generating an equivalent magnetic moment, the direction and strength of which depend on the geometric shape of the metal structure and the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave, and the magnetic field generated by the equivalent magnetic moment interacts with the magnetic field of the incident electromagnetic wave, resulting in a change in the phase of the reflected wave. Specifically, the equivalent magnetic moment can change the propagation path and propagation time of the reflected wave, thereby regulating the phase of the reflected wave. In the frequency range of 9.1-9.6 GHz, the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave incident on the dielectric substrate 1 can be transformed from vibrating in a single direction to vibrating along a circular path in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction during propagation, thereby realizing linear-circular polarization conversion.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, the bias voltage refers to the external voltage applied to the PIN diode 3, which directly affects the working state and performance of the PIN diode 3. By changing the bias voltage, the resistance characteristics of the PIN diode 3 can be controlled, thereby achieving polarization conversion of electromagnetic waves.

[0058] A polarizer is an optical or electromagnetic device, and its main function is to allow electromagnetic waves vibrating in a specific direction to pass through, while blocking or weakening electromagnetic waves vibrating in other directions. The reflective polarizer not only reflects electromagnetic waves, but also changes the polarization state of electromagnetic waves during the reflection process. Therefore, it has obvious advantages in energy utilization and is suitable for application scenarios that require high-efficiency polarization conversion. An embodiment of the present invention provides a polarizer whose bottom layer is a bimetallic ground plate 4, and the gap between the metal ground plates 4 is very small, and has a reflective characteristic for electromagnetic waves. The polarizer is a reflective polarizer.

[0059] In the embodiment of the present invention, the metal material of the I-shaped metal patch 2 and the metal ground plate 4 on the upper and lower surfaces of the polarizer may be copper, and the thickness may be 0.018 mm.

[0060] The polarization conversion frequency band of a polarizer provided by an embodiment of the present invention is between 9 and 11 GHz, and the dielectric substrate 1 material providing a support platform for the I-shaped metal patch 2, the PIN diode 3, the metal ground plate 4 and the metal via 5 on the polarizer structure can be FR4, which is a typical electromagnetic material with a wide range of applications, and has a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a loss tangent of 0.025. In another example, the dielectric substrate 1 material can be replaced by F4B.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric substrate 1 and the I-shaped metal patch 2 and the metal ground plate 4 can be precisely bonded by welding to ensure the polarization conversion characteristics of the device. In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate 1 and the I-shaped metal patch 2 and the metal ground plate 4 can also be connected by bonding.

[0062] PIN diode is a special type of semiconductor diode, which is composed of three layers of semiconductor materials, with an intrinsic layer in the middle and P-type and N-type semiconductor materials doped with different types of impurities on both sides. It has two states of conduction and cutoff, and its equivalent capacitance and equivalent resistance can be switched by controlling the voltage. When it is off, it is equivalent to a capacitance characteristic, and when it is on, it is equivalent to a resistance characteristic. It is often used in high-frequency applications such as radio and microwave communication equipment as a switch or modulator. In the embodiment of the present invention, the PIN diode 3 can adopt the SMP1345 model. The equivalent resistance value of the PIN diode 3 is 1.5Ω when it is on, and the equivalent capacitance value is 0.15pF when it is off. The two metal grounding plates 4 at the bottom of the polarizer are respectively connected to the top I-shaped metal patch 2 through metal vias 5. The two metal grounding plates 4 are respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply, so that the PIN diode 3 can be biased. The PIN diode 3 is embedded between the gaps between the double I-shaped symmetrical metal patches, and the overall surface structure is axially symmetrical, forming a polarization converter based on the PIN diode 3.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, the metal via 5 may have a diameter of 1 mm and is located on both sides of the device. The metal via 5 may be realized by drilling a hole in the dielectric substrate 1 and filling the hole with a metal material. The upper and lower metal sheets are interconnected through the dielectric substrate 1. The metal material may be copper. This connection method facilitates adding a bias voltage to the PIN diode 3. In another example, the diameter of the metal via 5 may be 1-2 mm.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, the polarizer unit structure can be expanded according to actual conditions, and can be arranged periodically in the horizontal direction to form devices of different sizes required for the application, and the overall function is the same as the unit structure. The polarizer has a simple structure, is very thin, is easy to process and install, and is easy to process and produce in industrial processing and manufacturing.

[0065] A polarizer provided in an embodiment of the present invention is easy to apply to an integrated system due to its small surface area and simple structure. It not only has excellent performance but also is easy to process and low in price. It is suitable for satellite communications, radar systems and other fields.

[0066] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

[0067] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or terminal device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or terminal device including the elements.

[0069] The polarizer provided by the present invention is introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A polarizer, characterized in that: include: dielectric substrate; Two I-shaped metal patches are symmetrically arranged on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and have a gap therebetween; A PIN diode is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate and connected between the two I-shaped metal patches; Two metal grounding plates are symmetrically arranged on the second surface of the dielectric substrate and have a gap therebetween; Two metal vias are symmetrically arranged in the dielectric substrate, and the two metal ground plates are respectively connected to the two I-shaped metal patches through the two metal vias; When the two metal grounding plates are not powered, the PIN diode is disconnected to linearly polarize the electromagnetic wave incident on the dielectric substrate; When the two metal ground plates are connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively, the PIN diode is turned on to perform linear-circular polarization on the electromagnetic wave incident on the dielectric substrate.

2. The polarizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the two metal ground plates are not energized and the PIN diode is disconnected, electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate within a frequency range of 9.29-10.29 GHz are linearly polarized.

3. The polarizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the two metal ground plates are connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply respectively and the PIN diode is turned on, the electromagnetic waves incident on the dielectric substrate within the frequency range of 9.1-9.6 GHz are linearly-circularly polarized.

4. The polarizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two I-shaped metal patches have the same size and structure, and the I-shaped metal patch includes: a first transverse portion, a second transverse portion and a vertical portion; the first transverse portion is parallel to the second transverse portion, and the vertical portion is vertically connected between the first transverse portion and the second transverse portion; The first transverse portion has a length of 7 mm and a width of 1.7 mm; The second transverse portion has a length of 3 mm and a width of 0.5 mm; The length of the vertical portion is 1.9 mm and the width is 1 mm.

5. The polarizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The PIN diode is connected between the second transverse portions of the two I-shaped metal patches; The two metal ground plates are connected to the first transverse portions of the two I-shaped metal patches through the two metal vias respectively.

6. The polarizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The two I-shaped metal patches are made of copper and have a thickness of 0.018 mm.

7. The polarizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric substrate is made of FR4, has a height of 1.5 mm, a length of 12 mm, and a width of 12 mm.

8. The polarizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two metal grounding plates are made of copper with a thickness of 0.018 mm, and a gap between the two metal grounding plates is 1 mm.

9. The polarizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two metal vias are made of copper and have a diameter of 1-2 mm.

10. The polarizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model of the PIN diode is SMP1345.

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