Ecological farmland improvement method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of field remediation, and discloses an ecological farmland renovation method which comprises a hilly paddy field leveling method and a plain paddy field leveling method, the hilly paddy field leveling method comprises the step of setting a paddy field effect for water storage, production and purification from top to bottom according to steps, and the plain paddy field leveling method comprises the step of setting a fish tank under a field, a fish ditch communicated with the fish pit is arranged on the outer side of the field, and a miniature wetland is arranged on the outer side of the fish ditch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of farmland restoration, and in particular to an ecological farmland restoration method. Background Art

[0002] Ecological land consolidation should comprehensively consider regional water, soil, light, heat and other resource and environmental factors, especially the ecological function of the field and the aesthetics of the landscape, reasonably divide and moderately merge the fields, reduce the degree of field fragmentation; moderately retain or design scattered patches suitable for biological habitat and reproduction, reduce the disturbance to the farmland ecosystem, and ensure a certain farmland landscape natural habitat. Traditional land consolidation focuses on the impact of field layout on leveling engineering, irrigation and drainage, mechanical operation efficiency, agricultural product output, etc., and pays little attention to ecological issues such as field animal habitat and migration, microbial succession in the soil, and soil fertility maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a method for ecological improvement of farmland, so as to solve the problem that existing field land improvement lacks attention to field ecological issues and has poor ecological improvement effect.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an ecological farmland improvement method, including a hilly paddy field leveling method and a plain paddy field leveling method. The hilly paddy field leveling method includes setting the paddy field functions from top to bottom in a ladder manner as water storage, production, and purification. The plain paddy field leveling method includes setting a fish pond underground in the field, setting a fish ditch connected to the fish pond outside the field, and setting a micro wetland outside the fish ditch. The micro wetland construction steps include: site leveling, cleaning the base layer and tamping the plain soil, digging a trench connected to the fish ditch, covering the base layer with 100 thick plain soil, backfilling and tamping, then laying an anti-seepage blanket, building a retaining wall with stone strips to form a drainage well at the end of the trench, covering with a 300 thick clay waterproof protective layer, then covering with 200 thick planting soil, and planting aquatic vegetation.

[0005] Preferably, as an improvement, in the method for leveling hilly paddy fields, a stepped structure is adopted according to the height difference of the field surface. The top is designed as a paddy field with an average water storage depth of 0.8-1m, the middle is designed as a winter paddy field with a ridge higher than 0.4m, a ridge thickness of 0.5m, and a water storage depth greater than or equal to 0.2m, and the bottom is designed as a purification field planted with aquatic vegetation capable of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption.

[0006] Preferably, as an improvement, an underground space type is adopted in the method for leveling plain paddy fields. The field ground is first compacted with original soil, and then a supporting structure is set in the middle and a supporting plate is laid on the top. A fish pond is formed under the support plate, and then a plow bottom layer and a tillage layer are laid in sequence on the support plate, and a fish ditch is dug between the outside of the fish pond and the field ridge.

[0007] Preferably, as an improvement, in the method for leveling plain paddy fields, a polyethylene geomembrane is laid after the field ridge slope is trimmed, and the field ridge is trimmed until the top is higher than the tillage layer.

[0008] Preferably, as an improvement, in the flat paddy field leveling method, the bottom of the fish pond is lower than the bottom of the fish ditch, multiple bases are formed by pouring concrete, and tongue-and-groove concrete pipes are buried horizontally in each base to form a supporting structure, and openings are opened at the side ends of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipes.

[0009] Preferably, as an improvement, the base is covered to the outer side of the lower edge of the side opening of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe, and the side wall from the lower edge of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe opening to an angle of 120° is supported on the base.

[0010] Preferably, as an improvement, the diameter of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe is 1000 mm, and the axial spacing between the plurality of tongue-and-groove concrete pipes is 2500 mm.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, the breeding area occupied by the fish ditch in the flat paddy field leveling method is less than or equal to 10% of the field surface area.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the downspout is square, the width of the stone strip is 200 mm, and the height of the stone strip at the top of the downspout above the ground is 200 mm.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the micro wetland is stepped, with a step height of 800 mm, and the sinkhole is located in the middle of the bottom of the micro wetland.

[0014] The principles and advantages of the present invention are as follows: The main principles of ecological land consolidation include ① the principle of minimum disturbance, respecting the original natural ecological environment, adopting natural, native and ecological materials, processes and technologies, reducing the interference of engineering construction on the natural ecological environment, and creating a semi-natural ecosystem with sound ecosystem functions. For degraded ecosystems, natural restoration is the main method, supplemented by artificial restoration, and measures such as conservation, natural restoration, assisted regeneration and ecological reconstruction are reasonably selected. ② The principle of connectivity, that is, to build a continuous and complete ecological network in the consolidation area, ensure the smooth flow of ecological corridors and the connection of patches, and protect biodiversity and ecological space diversity. ③ The principle of synergy, that is, the coordination of various technical measures, so that the farmland ecosystem has a complete structure, perfect functions, good operation, stable resistance and resilience, and can achieve sustainable development of land resources. ④ The principle of target diversity, the land consolidation target is the four-in-one of "quantity, quality, ecology and humanities", and the consolidation function is transformed into multiple functions such as product supply, ecological services, cultural landscape, leisure and recreation, so as to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits.

[0015] The present invention proposes applicable ecological leveling schemes for paddy fields in hilly areas and plain areas. In view of the large height difference of field surfaces in hilly areas, a stepped associated split type is adopted, and different ecological functions are designed for fields of different heights. A storage paddy field is set on the top to meet the water demand of the rice-fish industry and ensure the water demand of low-lying paddy fields during the summer drought period. A winter paddy field for production is set in the middle. The field ridges are compacted to prevent seepage, leakage and runaway, and can be drained and tied to keep the field water safe over the winter until March of the following year. A purification field is set at the bottom to plant aquatic vegetation such as water bamboo, water lily, calamus, water chestnut, and water turtle that can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus to purify surface source pollution. For plain areas, the symbiotic integration is adopted to make the fields have the same ecological functions. Under the condition that the breeding area does not exceed 10% of the field area, the underground space breeding method is adopted. The fish pond space is built with concrete and tongue-and-groove concrete pipes. The plow bottom layer and the tillage layer are laid above the fish pond. While ensuring the cultivated area of ​​the field, the underground space of the field is expanded to increase the living space of the fish, and together with the fish ditch on the periphery, an ecological field with biodiversity is formed. The fish ditch and fish pond in the ecological field serve as hiding places for the fish. After irrigation, rice is planted in the tillage layer. The water surface is submerged above the tillage layer. The rice pests in the tillage layer can be used as bait for fish. Rice provides oxygen, shade and organic matter for fish. Fish feces can be used as rice fertilizer. Fish play the role of plowing, weeding, reducing pests and diseases, and increasing fat. In order to prevent nitrogen and phosphorus substances in the field from entering rivers, lakes and other water bodies, the water is purified through the downwell. This ecological paddy field leveling technology is used to comprehensively consider regional water, soil, light, heat and other resource and environmental factors, especially factors such as the ecological function of the field and landscape aesthetics, to reasonably divide and moderately merge the degree of field fragmentation, make full use of the land spatial structure, moderately retain or design blocks suitable for biological habitat and reproduction, ensure biodiversity, reduce disturbance to the paddy field ecosystem, effectively reduce non-point source pollution, and ensure a certain natural ecological environment of the farmland landscape.

[0016] A micro wetland is set up outside the field, in which aquatic vegetation, irises and cannas are planted, and wild flowers and vegetables are scattered on the outside. A water storage area is formed by a stepped setting, and the bottom is treated for anti-seepage. The water quality is purified by the planted aquatic vegetation to prevent nitrogen and phosphorus substances from farmland from entering the water body, further reducing non-point source pollution of farmland and ensuring a certain natural ecological environment of farmland landscape. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 1 is a top view of a micro wetland in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Middle AA section view.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Middle BB section view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0022] The figure numerals in the drawings of the specification include: fish pond 1, base 2, tongue and groove concrete pipe 3, support plate 4, plow bottom layer 5, tillage layer 6, fish ditch 7, polyethylene geomembrane 8, and field ridge 9.

[0023] Embodiment 1, a kind of farmland ecological improvement method, comprises hilly paddy field leveling method and plain paddy field leveling method, the hilly paddy field leveling method comprises setting the paddy field function from top to bottom according to ladder as water storage, production, purification, in the hilly paddy field leveling method, adopts ladder type structure according to field surface height difference, for example, the top is designed as 13.6811 hectares of storage paddy field with average water storage depth of 0.8-1m, the middle is designed as 48.4928 hectares of winter paddy field, the field ridge is higher than 0.4m, the field ridge is 0.5m thick, the field ridge is compacted, does not seep, leak or run, can be patted and pricked, the water storage depth is greater than or equal to 0.2m, can keep field water safe through winter until March of the following year, the bottom is designed as 2.1635 hectares of purification field planted with water bamboo, water lily, calamus, water chestnut, water turtle and other aquatic vegetation, can carry out nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption. The paddy fields on the top can meet the water demand of the low-lying paddy fields during the drought period, achieving the goal of one acre managing three acres.

[0024] The method of leveling plain paddy fields includes expanding underground space and setting up fish ponds under the fields, such as Figure 1 As shown, a fish ditch 7 connected to the fish pond 1 is set outside the field, and a micro wetland is set outside the fish ditch 7. First, the field ground is compacted with original soil, and then concrete is poured in the middle to form multiple bases 2 and tongue-and-groove concrete pipes 3 are buried horizontally in each base 2 to form a support structure, and an opening is opened at the side end of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe 3. The base 2 is covered to the outside of the lower edge of the side opening of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe 3, and the side wall from the lower edge of the opening of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe 3 to the angle of 120° is supported on the base 2. The diameter of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe 3 is 1000mm, and the axial spacing of multiple tongue-and-groove concrete pipes 3 is 2500mm. A support plate 4 is laid on the top of the support structure by cast-in-place or prefabricated concrete, and a fish pond 1 is formed below the support plate 4, and then the plow bottom layer 5 soil and the tillage layer 6 soil are laid on the support plate 4 in sequence. A fish ditch 7 is excavated between the outer side of the fish pond 1 and the field ridge 9. The bottom of the fish pond 1 is 400 mm lower than the bottom of the fish ditch 7. The breeding area occupied by the fish ditch 7 is less than or equal to 10% of the field area. After the slope of the field ridge 9 is trimmed, a polyethylene geomembrane 8 is laid, and the field ridge 9 is trimmed until the top is higher than the tillage layer 6.

[0025] like Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figure 4, the micro-wetland is stepped, with a step height of 800mm, and the water well is located in the middle of the bottom of the micro-wetland. The steps of micro-wetland construction include: site leveling, cleaning the base layer and compacting the soil, digging a trench connected to the fish ditch, backfilling and compacting the 100mm thick soil on the base layer, laying an anti-seepage blanket, building a retaining wall with stone strips to form a water well at the end of the trench, covering a 300mm thick clay waterproof protective layer, and then covering a 200mm thick planting soil, and planting aquatic vegetation. The water well is square, the width of the stone strip is 200mm, and the height of the stone strip at the top of the water well exposed to the ground is 200mm.

[0026] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological improvement of farmland, characterized in that: It includes a method for leveling a hilly paddy field, a method for leveling a plain paddy field and a method for improving a micro-wetland. The method for leveling a hilly paddy field includes arranging the functions of the paddy field into water storage, production and purification in a stepped manner from top to bottom. The method for leveling a plain paddy field includes setting a fish pond underground in the field and a fish ditch connected to the fish pond on the outside of the field. The method for improving a micro-wetland includes setting a micro-wetland on the outside of the fish ditch. The steps for constructing a micro-wetland include: leveling the site, cleaning the base layer and compacting the plain soil, digging a trench connected to the fish ditch, covering the base layer with 100 mm thick plain soil, backfilling and compacting, then laying an anti-seepage blanket, building a retaining wall with stone strips to form a drainage well at the end of the trench, covering with a 300 mm thick clay waterproof protective layer, then covering with 200 mm thick planting soil, and planting aquatic vegetation.

2. A method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hilly paddy field leveling method, a stepped structure is adopted according to the height difference of the field surface. The top is designed as a storage paddy field with an average water storage depth of 0.8-1m, the middle is designed as a winter paddy field with a ridge higher than 0.4m, a ridge thickness of 0.5m, and a water storage depth greater than or equal to 0.2m, and the bottom is designed as a purification field planted with aquatic vegetation capable of nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption.

3. The method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for leveling plain paddy fields adopts an underground space type, firstly, the field ground is compacted with original soil, then a supporting structure is set in the middle and a supporting plate is laid on the top, a fish pond is formed under the supporting plate, and then a plow bottom layer and a tillage layer are laid in sequence on the supporting plate, and a fish ditch is dug between the outside of the fish pond and the field ridge.

4. A method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the method of leveling plain paddy fields, polyethylene geomembrane is laid after the field ridge slope is trimmed, and the field ridge is trimmed until the top is higher than the tillage layer.

5. A method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the flat paddy field leveling method, the bottom of the fish pond is lower than the bottom of the fish ditch. Concrete is poured to form multiple bases and tongue-and-groove concrete pipes are buried horizontally in each base to form a supporting structure, and openings are opened at the side ends of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipes.

6. A method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base is covered to the outer side of the lower edge of the opening of the side end of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe, and the side wall from the lower edge of the opening of the tongue-and-groove concrete pipe to the 120° angle range is supported on the base.

7. A method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the tongue and groove concrete pipe is 1000mm, and the axial spacing between multiple tongue and groove concrete pipes is 2500mm.

8. The method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the flat paddy field leveling method, the fish ditch occupies less than or equal to 10% of the breeding area of ​​the field.

9. The method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water well is square, the width of the stone strip is 200mm, and the height of the stone strip at the top of the water well exposed to the ground is 200mm.

10. The method for ecological improvement of farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro wetland is stepped with a step height of 800mm and the sinkhole is located in the middle of the bottom of the micro wetland.

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