Ecological fertilizing method for increasing content of organic matters in soil in dry-hot valley region

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agricultural soil improvement and ecological fertilization, and discloses an ecological fertilization method for improving the organic matter content of soil in a dry-hot valley region, and the method comprises the following steps: soil matrix improvement: improving the porosity and water binding capacity of the soil by adding charcoal and humic acid particles; the functional microbial preparation is put, and the activity of soil microorganisms is activated through the combined effect of cellulose decomposition bacteria, stabilization promoting flora and water retention flora; green manure crop planting and covering management: planting sweet clover and other leguminous crops to provide a carbon source and a nitrogen source for soil, and meanwhile, utilizing straw covering to inhibit water evaporation; turning over and stabilizing the green manure crops, namely turning over and stabilizing the organic matters in a blooming period of the green manure crops and combining with a stabilization promoting bacterial liquid and an adsorptive carrier; dynamic balance is maintained, and dynamic balance of decomposition, conversion and accumulation of organic matter is achieved step by step through multi-cycle planting and turning and pressing. The organic matter content and fertility of the soil can be improved, and the water-retaining property and microbial ecosystem of the soil are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural soil improvement and ecological fertilization, and in particular to an ecological fertilization method for increasing the organic matter content of soil in dry and hot valley areas. Background Art

[0002] Due to the special climate conditions and terrain characteristics, the soil organic matter content in the dry and hot valley area is generally low, water is easily lost, and the soil structure is loose, resulting in low agricultural production efficiency and fragile ecological environment. In the existing technology, most of the methods for improving the soil in this area rely on a single measure, such as the application of chemical fertilizers or large-scale irrigation. However, these traditional methods usually cannot effectively solve the core problem of soil improvement in the dry and hot valley area, but may bring new ecological risks.

[0003] Although chemical fertilizers can improve soil nutrients in the short term, due to poor soil structure and severe nutrient loss, most of the applied fertilizers are lost with water, resulting in poor sustainability of fertilizer effect. In addition, long-term reliance on chemical fertilizers may cause soil compaction and reduced microbial activity, which is not conducive to maintaining ecological balance. Large-scale irrigation is difficult to implement in the case of limited water resources in the region, and may aggravate the problem of soil salinization.

[0004] In some studies, green manure crop planting has been proposed as an eco-friendly soil fertilization method. However, due to its lack of synergy with soil structure and microbial environment, it is difficult to achieve efficient conversion and accumulation of organic matter by simply planting green manure. At the same time, for the application of functional microorganisms in soil fertilization, the existing technology also has problems such as poor adaptability of the microbial community, short duration of activity, and insufficient interaction with the soil environment. These technical defects have resulted in limited effects of existing methods on soil improvement in dry and hot valley areas, making it difficult to balance short-term benefits with long-term sustainability.

[0005] In addition, existing soil improvement technologies often lack attention to the dynamic balance mechanism of soil organic matter, making it difficult to achieve long-term accumulation and stabilization of organic matter. The lack of systematic measures makes it difficult to sustain the improvement effect, especially in extreme ecological environments such as dry and hot river valleys, where existing technologies cannot provide efficient and low-cost solutions. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas, which solves the problems of low soil organic matter content, poor water retention, serious nutrient loss and difficulty in maintaining the improvement effect for a long time in dry and hot valley areas.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: an ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Soil matrix improvement: adding an adsorbent carrier to the planting soil in the dry and hot valley area, wherein the adsorbent carrier includes biochar and humic acid particles, and the addition ratio is 5% to 8% of the soil weight, and the adsorbent carrier is evenly mixed into the surface soil by shallow tillage, and the mixing depth is 5 to 10 cm;

[0009] (2) Addition of functional microbial preparations: Addition of functional microbial preparations, wherein the functional microorganisms include cellulose decomposing bacteria, stabilizing bacteria and water retaining bacteria. The functional microorganisms are added to the soil in a layered manner, wherein the stabilizing bacteria are added to the surface soil, and the cellulose decomposing bacteria and water retaining bacteria are added to the root layer soil. The bacterial solution concentration is 10 7 ~10 9 CFU / mL, the amount of bacterial solution used is 1-2L / m 2 , root layer 2-3L / m 2 ;

[0010] (3) Planting and covering management of green manure crops: Plant green manure crops in the soil after adding microorganisms. Select drought-resistant legumes as green manure crops. The planting density is 15 to 20 plants per square meter. The seeds are used at a concentration of 10 before sowing. 7 ~10 9 CFU / mL of nitrogen-fixing bacteria suspension was used for coating treatment, and straw was covered after sowing with a covering thickness of 2-5 cm;

[0011] (4) Turning and stabilization of green manure crops: Turning is carried out after the green manure crops reach the peak flowering period. The above-ground parts and roots of the green manure crops are turned into the soil at a turning depth of 15 to 20 cm. After turning, a stabilizing bacterial solution is applied at a dosage of 1 to 2 L / m 2 , while adding finely powdered biochar;

[0012] (5) Maintaining dynamic balance: Repeated green manure crop planting, application of functional microbial preparations and stabilization treatments to gradually increase the soil organic matter content.

[0013] Preferably, the biochar is produced by pyrolysis of crop straw under oxygen-limited conditions at 500-600°C.

[0014] Preferably, the purity of the humic acid particles is above 90%.

[0015] Preferably, the cellulose decomposing bacteria is Bacillus licheniformis, the stabilizing bacteria group is Streptomyces, and the water retaining bacteria group is Serratia marcescens.

[0016] Preferably, the green manure crop is alfalfa or sweet clover.

[0017] Preferably, the coating amount of the green manure crop seeds is 2% to 5% of the seed weight, and the seeds are dried at room temperature after coating.

[0018] Preferably, the functional microbial liquid is applied to the soil by spraying, drip irrigation or irrigation.

[0019] Preferably, in the dynamic balance maintaining step, green manure crops are planted twice a year, with an interval of 1 to 2 months between each planting.

[0020] Preferably, in the green manure crop turning and stabilization treatment steps, the particle size of the added fine powdered biochar is 0.5-1 mm, and the added amount is 5% to 8% of the soil weight.

[0021] The present invention also provides the application of the ecological fertilization method for increasing the soil organic matter content in the dry and hot valley area in agricultural planting, which is used to improve the farmland soil in the dry and hot valley area, increase the soil organic matter content, enhance the soil water retention and improve the soil structure.

[0022] The invention provides an ecological fertilization method for improving the soil organic matter content in dry hot valley areas.

[0023] It has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The present invention effectively increases the accumulation rate of organic matter in the soil through the planting of green manure crops and turning and pressing treatment, combined with the synergistic effect of functional microbial preparations and adsorptive carriers, and fixes the organic matter transformation products through the joint action of microorganisms and physical carriers, forming a dynamic equilibrium mechanism of decomposition, transformation and accumulation. This mechanism not only improves soil fertility, but also ensures the long-term and stability of the soil improvement effect.

[0025] 2. The present invention significantly improves the pore structure of the soil and increases the number and stability of soil aggregates by adding adsorptive carriers (biochar and humic acid particles). At the same time, the high specific surface area of ​​the adsorptive carrier enhances the soil's ability to adsorb water and nutrients, significantly improving the soil's water holding capacity, and providing a good moisture regulation basis for crop growth in the special ecological environment of the dry and hot valley area.

[0026] 3. The introduction of functional microbial preparations (such as cellulose decomposing bacteria, stabilizing bacteria and water-retaining bacteria) in the present invention not only activates the microbial activity in the soil, but also promotes the optimization of the microbial ecosystem in the soil through multiple ways such as decomposing organic matter, fixing humus, secreting polysaccharides and improving soil structure. This healthy microbial ecosystem can continuously improve the biological activity of the soil and form a long-term soil fertility improvement effect.

[0027] 4. The present invention realizes the gradual reduction of external inputs by constructing an efficient synergistic mechanism of green manure crops, microorganisms and adsorptive carriers. In the dynamic balance maintenance stage, the frequency of the introduction of functional microbial preparations and the planting density of green manure crops can be appropriately reduced, the operating cost is significantly reduced, and the long-term stability of the soil improvement effect is maintained. This low-input, high-output feature makes this technology suitable for dry and hot valley areas with limited resources, and has broad application prospects and sustainability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Please see attached Figure 1 The present invention provides an ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot river valley areas. Based on the functional synergistic mechanism among "soil-microorganism-green manure", a dynamic equilibrium system of soil organic matter decomposition-transformation-accumulation that adapts to dry and hot environments is gradually established through physical improvement of soil matrix, targeted release of functional microorganisms and ecological management of green manure crops.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the ecological fertilization method for increasing the soil organic matter content in the dry hot valley area may include the following steps:

[0032] S1, soil matrix improvement;

[0033] S2. Release of functional microbial preparations;

[0034] S3. Planting and covering management of green manure crops;

[0035] S4, turning and stabilization of green manure crops;

[0036] S5. Maintaining dynamic balance.

[0037] The following is a detailed description of each step of the method.

[0038] Regarding step S1, in this embodiment, the soil matrix improvement step improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil by adding adsorptive carriers to provide a suitable environment for the activities of functional microorganisms, specifically including detailed operations of the selection, preparation, addition ratio and mixing method of the adsorptive carriers.

[0039] The adsorptive carriers used in this embodiment include biochar and humic acid particles, which work together on different aspects of the soil. Biochar, through its rich pore structure and high specific surface area, enhances the soil's ability to adsorb organic matter and water; humic acid particles, through their chemical properties, enhance the soil's ability to form aggregates, thereby improving the soil's water retention and aeration.

[0040] Specifically, biochar can be prepared by pyrolysis under oxygen-limited conditions using common crop straw (such as corn straw, rice straw, etc.) in dry and hot valley areas as raw materials. The pyrolysis temperature is controlled between 500°C and 600°C to ensure that a carbonized product with high porosity and high adsorption capacity is obtained. After preparation, the biochar particle size is controlled within the range of 0.5 mm to 1 mm through mechanical crushing and screening to ensure that it can be evenly distributed in the soil.

[0041] In some embodiments, humic acid particles can be purchased from the market with a purity of greater than or equal to 90% to ensure its chemical stability and adsorption capacity. When necessary, humic acid particles can also be obtained from natural humus resources through separation and extraction technology to further improve the local adaptability of the carrier.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the addition ratio of the adsorptive carrier is set at 5% to 8% of the soil weight. It should be noted that this range has been verified by multiple experiments and can provide the best improvement effect under the special soil and climatic conditions in the dry and hot valley area without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the soil. For every 1,000 kg of soil, for example, 50 kg to 80 kg of adsorptive carrier can be added, and the ratio of biochar to humic acid particles can be adjusted according to actual needs, such as 1:1 or 2:1.

[0043] For example, in this embodiment, the adsorptive carrier is evenly mixed into the soil by shallow tillage, and the tillage depth is controlled at 5 cm to 10 cm. The tillage equipment can be a rotary tiller, or a manual tool can be used for a small area test operation. It should be noted that the setting of the tillage depth is intended to concentrate the carrier on the surface soil, increase the contact area between the soil and the carrier, and avoid damage to the deep soil structure.

[0044] In some embodiments, the improved soil has significant changes in physical and chemical properties. For example, by adding biochar, the pore structure in the soil is optimized, and its specific surface area is significantly increased, thereby enhancing the soil's adsorption capacity for organic matter decomposition products; through the action of humic acid particles, the number of aggregates in the soil increases, improving the soil's water retention and anti-erosion capabilities.

[0045] It can be understood that the addition of adsorptive carriers not only provides a stable physical environment for the activity of functional microbial preparations, but also slows down the rapid decomposition and loss of organic matter by adsorbing soluble organic carbon in the soil, laying the foundation for the implementation of subsequent steps.

[0046] It should be further explained that the biochar and humic acid particles used in this step do not have a direct fertility effect, but exert fertility by indirectly regulating the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Therefore, the improvement effect in this embodiment mainly depends on the synergistic effect of the adsorptive carrier, functional microorganisms and green manure crops, and its complete effect will be reflected in the subsequent steps.

[0047] Through the above implementation method, this step constructs a key physical framework for the ecological fertilization of soil in dry and hot valley areas, which significantly improves the soil's water retention, nutrient adsorption capacity and microbial activity environment, and provides scientific support and technical guarantee for increasing the soil organic matter content.

[0048] For step S2, the step of placing the functional microbial preparation activates the biological function of the soil by targeted screening of the functional bacterial community and adopts a layered placement method to achieve decomposition, transformation and stabilization of organic matter.

[0049] As an option, the functional microbial preparation used in this embodiment includes cellulose decomposing bacteria, stabilizing bacteria and water-retaining bacteria, and the three have different functions and complement each other. Specifically, cellulose decomposing bacteria (such as Bacillus licheniformis) can quickly decompose plant residues and organic matter in the soil, release soluble organic carbon and other nutrients, and provide nutrient support for green manure crops; stabilizing bacteria (such as Streptomyces) fix humus in the soil by producing polysaccharides and organic acids, reducing the loss of organic matter; water-retaining bacteria (such as Serratia marcescens) improve soil structure by secreting sticky substances, thereby improving the soil's water retention capacity.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the screening of functional strains needs to be carried out in combination with the soil and climate characteristics of the dry and hot valley area. Strains that are resistant to high temperatures and drought and have clear functions are preferred to ensure that they can still function effectively in extreme environments. For example, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces have a higher survival rate in high temperature environments, while Serratia marcescens has excellent drought resistance.

[0051] It should be noted that functional microbial preparations are usually prepared in the form of liquid suspensions, and the concentration of the bacterial liquid is controlled at 10 7 CFU / mL to 10 9The preparation of bacterial solution includes the following steps: expanding the target strain under laboratory or industrial conditions, using optimized fermentation matrix formula (such as glucose, peptone, etc.) to improve strain activity, and separating the bacterial solution by centrifugation or filtration technology to ensure that the bacterial density meets the requirements for release.

[0052] Specifically, the bacterial solution is applied in layers to better adapt to the layered characteristics of the soil. For example, in this embodiment, the functional bacterial solution is applied to the surface soil (0-5cm) and the root layer soil (10-20cm) respectively. The combination and application method of the two layers of functional bacteria are as follows:

[0053] The surface soil is mainly fertilized with a stabilizing bacterial solution, with a concentration of 10 7 CFU / mL to 10 9 CFU / mL, dosage is 1L / m 2 Up to 2L / m 2 Stabilizing bacteria can reduce nutrient loss caused by wind erosion and evaporation by fixing surface organic matter and improving aggregate structure.

[0054] Cellulose decomposing bacteria and water-retaining bacteria were added to the root layer soil, and the concentration of the bacterial solution was 10 7 CFU / mL to 10 9 CFU / mL, dosage is 2L / m 2 Up to 3L / m 2 Cellulolytic bacteria can decompose organic matter around the roots and release nutrients, while water-retaining bacteria can improve the water retention capacity of the root zone by changing the soil pore structure.

[0055] As an implementation method, the functional bacterial solution can be applied to the soil by spraying, drip irrigation or a combination of irrigation. Specifically:

[0056] In the spraying method, the bacterial solution is evenly sprayed on the surface soil using a sprayer. After spraying, appropriate watering is required to promote sufficient contact between the bacterial solution and soil particles.

[0057] In drip irrigation, the bacterial solution can be accurately dripped into the root layer through the irrigation pipe network, ensuring that each plant root zone can obtain sufficient functional bacterial support.

[0058] In the irrigation combined application, the bacterial solution is mixed with irrigation water and applied through the irrigation system, which is suitable for the delivery of functional bacterial solution to large areas of farmland.

[0059] It should be further explained that the application time of the functional bacterial solution should be chosen in the morning or evening when the soil temperature is suitable to avoid high temperature causing volatilization of the bacterial solution and inactivation of the bacteria.

[0060] In some embodiments, the order and frequency of the functional microorganisms can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, the first placement is usually carried out after the soil matrix is ​​improved to ensure that the bacterial solution can directly act on the improved soil environment. Subsequent placement can be combined with green manure planting and turning steps, and the placement is usually repeated once every cycle (about 45-60 days) to maintain the activity of the bacterial community.

[0061] It is understandable that the introduction of functional microbial preparations is not limited to improving the nutrient supply and structural function of the soil, but also lays a microbial ecological foundation for the subsequent planting and turning of green manure crops, making the decomposition, transformation and accumulation of soil organic matter a continuous dynamic process.

[0062] Through the above implementation method, this step realizes the effective distribution and directional action of the functional bacteria, significantly improves the microbial activity and organic matter processing capacity of the soil in the dry and hot valley area, and provides important biological support for subsequent steps.

[0063] Regarding step S3, in this embodiment, the planting and covering management step of green manure crops ensures the good growth of green manure crops and provides an efficient source of organic matter for the soil by selecting green manure crops, optimizing planting density and covering management technology.

[0064] As a selection, the preferred drought-resistant leguminous green manure crops in the present embodiment, such as alfalfa (Med i cago sati va) or sweet clover (Me lilotus officinalis). These crops show good drought resistance and adaptability in dry and hot valley areas, and simultaneously realize nitrogen fixation function by symbiosis with rhizobium, providing a continuous source of nutrients for the soil. It should be noted that leguminous green manure crops can not only increase the organic matter content in the soil, but also improve the nitrogen cycle capacity of the soil, and are the preferred choice for ecological fertilization in this region.

[0065] Specifically, the seeds of green manure crops need to be coated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria before sowing. In one possible implementation, a nitrogen-fixing bacteria suspension (concentration of 10 7 CFU / mL to 10 9 CFU / mL) to coat the seeds evenly, and the coating ratio is controlled at 2% to 5% of the seed weight. The coating process can be completed by spraying equipment, and the coated seeds need to be dried at room temperature until the surface is non-sticky to ensure the uniform distribution of the coating material and the survival rate of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

[0066] As an exemplary planting method, the planting density of green manure crops in this embodiment is 15 to 20 plants per square meter, and the sowing depth is controlled between 2 cm and 3 cm. This planting density has been verified many times and can achieve the best growth performance of green manure crops under the special soil conditions in the dry and hot valley area, while facilitating subsequent turning and soil improvement operations.

[0067] It should be noted that after sowing, the planting area needs to be covered with straw. The covering material is preferably crop straw that is easily available in the dry and hot valley area, such as corn straw, rice straw or legume residues. The covering thickness is controlled between 2 cm and 5 cm, and is evenly laid on the surface of the planting area by hand or machine. The main functions of covering include reducing soil moisture evaporation, inhibiting weed growth and regulating soil temperature and humidity.

[0068] In some embodiments, the selection and application amount of covering materials can be appropriately adjusted according to the specific conditions of the planting area. For example, when the precipitation in the green manure crop planting area is scarce and evaporation is strong, the thickness of the covering material can be appropriately increased to 5 cm to further improve the soil's water retention capacity; when the source of covering materials is limited, the plants pruned during the growth period of green manure crops can be used as covering materials to form a recyclable covering system.

[0069] In a possible implementation, in order to improve the overall effect of mulching management, a light compaction operation is required after straw mulching to make the mulching material fit closely with the surface soil and avoid the movement or loss of the mulching material due to wind. For example, the compaction operation can be completed by a roller compactor, and in a small-scale test area, it can be achieved by manual tools.

[0070] It can be understood that the planting and covering management of green manure crops in this step work together on the soil fertilization process through multi-level means. During the growth process, green manure crops fix carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into plant biomass through photosynthesis, and both the above-ground and underground parts can serve as a direct source of soil organic matter; covering materials provide a more stable environment for the growth of green manure crops by reducing water evaporation and nutrient loss.

[0071] It should be further explained that this step not only focuses on the yield and biomass accumulation of green manure crops, but also focuses on optimizing the soil environment through covering management, thereby achieving a virtuous cycle of the ecological fertilization process.

[0072] Through the above implementation method, this step ensures that the planting and covering management of green manure crops are scientific and reasonable, thereby significantly improving the source efficiency of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas, providing a high-quality organic matter foundation for subsequent turning over and stabilization treatment, while also optimizing the water and soil conditions in green manure crop planting areas, making ecological fertilization technology more stable and reliable.

[0073] Regarding step S4, in this embodiment, the green manure crop turning and stabilization treatment step realizes rapid decomposition and stable accumulation of organic matter by turning the above-ground and underground biomass of the green manure crop into the soil and combining the effects of functional microorganisms and adsorptive carriers.

[0074] As an option, turning and compacting can be carried out during the peak flowering period of green manure crops, that is, when the aboveground biomass of green manure crops reaches the highest biomass. Specifically, the peak flowering period of green manure crops is usually 45 to 60 days after planting, when the biomass and root activity of the plants are at their peak, providing a rich source of organic matter for the soil. It should be noted that turning and compacting during the peak flowering period can maximize the nutrient input effect of green manure crops, while ensuring that the plant residues turned into the soil have a high degradation potential.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the turning and pressing operation is completed by a rotary tiller, and the tillage depth is controlled within the range of 15 cm to 20 cm. The selection of the tillage depth is intended to fully turn the above-ground part and root system of the green manure crop into the soil, while ensuring its full contact with the functional microorganisms and the adsorptive carrier. For small-scale test areas, the turning and pressing operation can also be completed by manual tools (such as a shovel).

[0076] Specifically, green manure crops after turning over need to be stabilized with a combination of stabilizing bacterial culture and adsorptive carriers to reduce the loss of organic matter during the turning over process and improve its conversion efficiency.

[0077] As an example, the concentration of the stabilizing bacterial culture (such as Streptomyces culture) is controlled at 10 7 CFU / mL to 10 9 CFU / mL, dosage is 1L / m 2 Up to 2L / m 2 The bacterial solution can be applied by spraying or irrigation to ensure that the bacterial solution can evenly cover the surface of the soil after plowing and penetrate to the tillage depth.

[0078] As an option, the adsorptive carrier includes biochar and humic acid particles, wherein the particle size of the biochar is controlled at 0.5 mm to 1 mm and the addition ratio is 5% to 8% of the soil weight. The addition of the adsorptive carrier is intended to fix the soluble organic carbon (DOC) and humus in the soil through its high porosity and high adsorption capacity, thereby reducing nutrient loss.

[0079] It should be noted that the combined use of bacterial liquid and adsorbent carriers can significantly improve the stability and conversion efficiency of organic matter in the soil. Specifically, Streptomyces decomposes organic matter to produce polysaccharides and humus, while biochar and humic acid particles can adsorb and protect these conversion products, thereby prolonging their residence time in the soil.

[0080] In some embodiments, in order to optimize the synergistic effect of turning and stabilization treatment, the application time can be adjusted in combination with local climatic conditions. For example, in hot and dry seasons, the stabilizing bacterial liquid can be sprayed immediately after the turning operation to avoid damage to the activity of the bacterial liquid due to high temperature; in rainy seasons, shallow tillage or compaction operations are required to prevent the adsorptive carrier from being washed away by rainwater.

[0081] It is understandable that the green manure crops after turning over are rapidly decomposed mainly through the action of functional bacteria, and the decomposition products combine with adsorptive carriers to form stable soil humus, ultimately achieving a long-term increase in soil organic matter content.

[0082] It should be further explained that the effect of the turning and stabilization treatment in this step depends not only on the depth and uniformity of the turning operation, but also on the application amount and application method of the stabilizing bacteria and the adsorptive carrier. Therefore, in order to ensure the scientific nature of the operation and the stability of the effect, the specific parameters should be reasonably adjusted according to the soil characteristics of the planting area and the growth of the green manure crops.

[0083] Through the above implementation method, this step realizes the efficient decomposition and stabilization treatment of green manure crops, which not only provides rich organic matter input for the soil in the dry and hot valley area, but also enhances the stability of organic matter through the synergistic effect of functional bacteria and adsorptive carriers, laying an important foundation for the long-term fertilization of the soil.

[0084] Regarding step S5, in this embodiment, the dynamic balance maintenance step gradually establishes a dynamic balance mechanism for soil organic matter decomposition, transformation and accumulation by repeatedly implementing green manure crop planting, functional microbial preparation placement and turning over and stabilization treatment, thereby achieving a continuous increase in soil organic matter content.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the dynamic balance is maintained with two planting cycles per year as the basic operation unit. Each cycle includes the planting of green manure crops, regular supplementation of functional microorganisms, and stabilization treatment, with an interval of 1 to 2 months between planting cycles. This operation frequency has been proven to continuously improve soil fertility and organic matter content without destroying the balance of the soil ecosystem.

[0086] It should be noted that the design of the two planting cycles is not only to maximize the use of limited precipitation and light resources in the dry and hot valley area, but also to achieve rapid accumulation and stabilization of organic matter through multiple turning and introduction of functional bacterial solution.

[0087] As an option, in each planting cycle, the planting density of green manure crops, the amount of functional bacterial solution added and the depth of turning and compaction operations can be appropriately adjusted according to the progress of soil improvement and specific climatic conditions. Specifically:

[0088] In the initial cycle, due to the low water retention and nutrient content of the soil matrix, the planting density of green manure crops can be preferably selected as 20 plants per square meter to ensure that they fully cover the surface and provide sufficient biomass.

[0089] In subsequent cycles, as the soil organic matter content increases and microbial activity increases, the planting density can be appropriately reduced to 15 plants per square meter to avoid resource competition among plants.

[0090] In some embodiments, the functional microbial preparation is supplemented at least twice per planting cycle, and is applied at the sowing stage and the turning stage of the green manure crop. The specific dosage is 1L / m 2 Up to 2L / m 2 , 2L / m2 of bacterial solution in the root zone 2 Up to 3L / m 2 This frequency and dosage design is intended to maintain the activity of functional bacteria in the soil and enhance the decomposition and conversion efficiency of soil organic matter through the continuous action of bacterial solution.

[0091] Illustratively, the stabilizing bacterial community solution (such as Streptomyces solution) applied during the tillage stage can quickly stabilize the tilled green manure biomass and form a synergistic effect with the biochar added after tillage to further fix the organic matter conversion products released in the soil.

[0092] Specifically, at the end of each planting cycle, the soil improvement effect can be evaluated and subsequent operations can be guided by:

[0093] Changes in soil organic matter content can be measured using the potassium dichromate oxidation method to confirm whether a dynamic equilibrium mechanism is being established.

[0094] Changes in soil microbial activity can be evaluated by monitoring the diversity of microbial communities and the abundance of functional bacteria.

[0095] Changes in soil physical properties, such as water retention and aeration, can be analyzed through soil bulk density and water holding capacity experiments.

[0096] It should be noted that these evaluation indicators are not only a direct reflection of the effect of maintaining dynamic balance, but also an important basis for adjusting parameters such as green manure planting density, amount of bacterial solution added and turning depth.

[0097] In one possible implementation, as the dynamic balance mechanism is established and soil fertility is significantly improved, the frequency of application of functional bacterial solution can be gradually reduced, and the planting density of green manure crops can be reduced, thereby optimizing operating costs. It should be further explained that this optimization process needs to be combined with the long-term soil improvement goals and actual planting needs.

[0098] It can be understood that this step gradually increases the accumulation rate of organic matter in the soil by maintaining a dynamic balance, so that its decomposition rate and conversion rate reach a virtuous cycle state, thereby achieving sustainable improvement of soil fertility.

[0099] Through the above implementation method, this step ensures the long-term effect of soil improvement in dry and hot valley areas, and provides technical guarantee and practical support for the steady improvement of soil organic matter content and the sustainable development of agricultural production.

[0100] In general, the present invention forms a dynamic equilibrium mechanism of decomposition, transformation and accumulation of organic matter by combining adsorptive carriers to improve soil structure, adding functional microbial preparations to activate soil microbial activity, planting green manure crops and performing stabilization treatment by turning over and compacting. Based on the synergistic effect of green manure crops and microorganisms, this method combines multiple turning over and compacting with the fixation function of adsorptive carriers to significantly increase the content and fertility of soil organic matter, improve the physical and chemical properties and water retention capacity of the soil, and provide an efficient and sustainable soil fertilization solution for agricultural production in dry and hot valley areas.

[0101] In order to better understand the present invention, the above method is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0102] Example 1: First planting cycle

[0103] A small-scale experiment was conducted in a sandy soil area of ​​10 m 2 The initial soil organic matter content was 0.8%, the water holding capacity was poor, and the porosity was 20%. The purpose of this experiment was to preliminarily verify the improvement effect and technical feasibility of soil organic matter through soil matrix improvement, functional microbial preparation, green manure crop planting and turning treatment.

[0104] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0105] 1. Soil matrix improvement

[0106] Preparation of adsorbent carrier: Use straw to prepare biochar, the pyrolysis temperature is 550℃, and the particle size is controlled to 0.5-1mm after crushing and screening. Purchase humic acid particles with a purity of ≥90%.

[0107] Carrier mixing and placement: Mix biochar and humic acid granules in a ratio of 1:1 and evenly spread them on the surface of the experimental plot at 6% of the soil weight (8 kg per square meter).

[0108] Tillage: Use manual tillage tools to till the soil to a depth of 10 cm to evenly mix the carrier and soil.

[0109] Improvement effect: After improvement, the soil porosity increased from 20% to 28%, and the water holding capacity increased from 10% to 16%.

[0110] 2. Release of functional microbial preparations

[0111] Strain preparation: Prepare bacterial suspensions of Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces and Serratia marcescens at a concentration of 10 8 CFU / mL.

[0112] Application of bacterial solution: Apply the bacterial solution by spraying. Spray 1L / m on the surface (0-5cm) 2 , root zone (10-20cm) drip irrigation 2L / m 2 .

[0113] Application time: Cover the soil and till lightly till the soil immediately after applying the bacterial solution to ensure that the bacterial solution is in full contact with the soil.

[0114] 3. Green manure crop planting and mulching management

[0115] Seed treatment: Use sweet clover seeds and use rhizobium solution (concentration 10 8 CFU / mL) for coating treatment, the proportion is 3% of the seed weight. After drying, sowing, the sowing density is 18 plants per square meter, and the sowing depth is 2 cm.

[0116] Covering management: After sowing, cover the soil surface with corn stalks to a thickness of 3 cm and press lightly to prevent wind from blowing away.

[0117] 4. Turning and stabilization treatment

[0118] Tillage operation: When the sweet clover grows to the peak flowering period (about 60 days), use a manual tillage tool to turn the above-ground part and root system into the soil to a depth of 15 cm.

[0119] Stabilization treatment: Spray Streptomyces solution (concentration 10 8 CFU / mL, application volume is 2L / m 2 ) and add biochar (5% soil weight). Light tillage ensures a smooth mix.

[0120] The experimental results are shown in the following table:

[0121] project Initial Value 30 days after improvement 60 days after reversal Soil organic matter content (%) 0.8 1.2 1.5 Soil porosity (%) 20 28 30 Soil water holding capacity (%) 10 16 18 <![CDATA[Soil respiration rate (mg CO2-C / kg / h)]]> 0.5 1.1 1.3 Functional bacteria count (CFU / g soil) <![CDATA[<10 3 ]]> <![CDATA[1.5×10 5 ]]> <![CDATA[2.3×10 5 ]]>

[0122] This embodiment preliminarily verifies the scientific nature and feasibility of the technical solution of the present invention by carrying out soil matrix improvement, functional microbial preparation placement, green manure crop planting and stabilization treatment in a small-scale experimental plot. From the experimental data, after a 60-day planting cycle, the organic matter content of the soil increased significantly from the initial 0.8% to 1.5%, the porosity increased from 20% to 30%, and the soil water holding capacity increased from 10% to 18%. These changes clearly show that through the synergistic effect of adsorptive carriers, biochar and humic acid particles, not only the physical structure of the soil is improved, but also a stable physical environment is provided for the subsequent functional microorganisms and green manure crops.

[0123] From a mechanistic analysis, the present invention utilizes the high specific surface area and pore structure of the adsorptive carrier to fix the soluble organic carbon (DOC) and some decomposition products in the soil, reducing their loss or over-mineralization. At the same time, functional microbial preparations (such as Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces, and Serratia marcescens) rapidly reproduce in the improved soil environment, and further promote the accumulation and stabilization of soil organic matter through biological decomposition, humification, and secretion of polysaccharides. The synergistic effect of this microorganism and physical carrier forms an efficient organic matter conversion and fixation process.

[0124] It is worth noting that the choice of the green manure crop Sweet Clover not only provides a large amount of biomass for the soil, but also significantly increases the nitrogen supply in the soil through symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia. After turning over, the aerial parts and roots of Sweet Clover are rapidly decomposed by functional microorganisms and adsorptive carriers, and the decomposition products are fixed by the adsorptive carriers. At the same time, humus is gradually formed through the action of Streptomyces. The humus thus formed significantly improves the fertility and nutrient stability of the soil.

[0125] This embodiment shows that, through the organic combination of multiple technical links, the present invention can effectively solve the problems of low soil organic matter content and poor water retention capacity in dry and hot valley areas, laying a foundation for the sustainable development of agricultural production in the region.

[0126] Example 2: Second planting cycle

[0127] In the same experimental plot (10 m 2 ) was used to carry out the second planting cycle to continue verifying the feasibility of achieving a dynamic balance of soil organic matter through green manure crop planting, turning and stabilization treatment.

[0128] The implementation steps are as follows:

[0129] 1. Soil Preparation

[0130] After the completion of Example 1, the soil surface was leveled again at an interval of 1 month to confirm that the improvement effect in the plot had not been significantly degraded.

[0131] 2. Green manure crop planting

[0132] Seed treatment: Use the same sweet clover seeds and rhizobium solution (concentration 10 8 CFU / mL) for coating treatment.

[0133] Sowing and covering: The sowing density is reduced to 15 plants per square meter, the sowing depth is 2 cm, and the thickness of the covering corn straw is maintained at 3 cm.

[0134] 3. Functional bacterial liquid supplementation

[0135] Frequency of bacterial solution application: once every 10 days after sowing and 20 days before turning over, with a bacterial solution concentration of 10 8 CFU / mL, surface spray 1L / m 2 , root zone drip irrigation 2L / m 2 .

[0136] 4. Turning and stabilization treatment

[0137] Tillage operation: The sweet clover should be turned over during the peak flowering period (about 50 days), and the tillage depth should be maintained at 15 cm.

[0138] Stabilization treatment: Spray Streptomyces solution (concentration 10 8 CFU / mL, dosage 2L / m 2 ), while adding biochar (the addition amount was 5% of the soil weight).

[0139] The experimental results are shown in the following table:

[0140]

[0141] This example further verifies the dynamic balance maintenance effect and long-term effectiveness of the technical solution of the present invention by carrying out a second planting cycle on the same plot as in Example 1. After the second planting cycle, the organic matter content of the soil increased from 1.5% to 2.1%, the porosity increased from 30% to 33%, the water holding capacity increased from 18% to 22%, and the number of functional microbial flora stabilized at 3.0×10 5 CFU / g soil and above, showing continuous improvement in the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil.

[0142] From the point of view of innovation, the dynamic balance maintenance mechanism of the present invention realizes the dynamic regulation of long-term accumulation and decomposition of organic matter. This regulation relies on the following core mechanisms: First, the green manure crop Sweet Clover provides a stable carbon and nitrogen source for the soil under the conditions of high-density planting and straw covering; Second, the repeated introduction of functional microorganisms (such as Streptomyces) ensures that the microbial activity in the soil is always at a high level, and the polysaccharides and organic acids secreted by them not only promote the formation of humus, but also enhance the stability of soil aggregates; Third, the efficient action of the adsorptive carrier (biochar and humic acid particles) significantly reduces the loss of organic matter, and at the same time prolongs the retention time of organic matter in the soil by fixing organic carbon.

[0143] Experimental data show that the technical solution of the present invention exhibits high stability in the second cycle, and the effect of soil improvement is still significant even if the frequency of bacterial liquid application and the planting density of green manure crops are reduced. This fully proves that the dynamic balance mechanism of the present invention can gradually reduce external inputs on the basis of initial improvement and achieve the purpose of long-term improvement.

[0144] From the mechanism analysis, the present invention achieves a dynamic balance between the accumulation and consumption rate of organic matter through multiple turning and stabilization treatments in the second cycle. During the turning stage, Streptomyces and adsorptive carriers work together to quickly convert the intermediate products of green manure crops into humus, forming a stable organic matter reserve in the soil. This dynamic balance mechanism not only significantly improves soil fertility, but also provides a replicable ecological technology path for agricultural production in dry and hot valley areas.

[0145] In summary, Example 2 further verifies the scientificity, innovation and feasibility of the technical solution of the present invention, especially in terms of dynamic balance maintenance and long-term improvement, showing its unique advantages. Through the continuous implementation of two planting cycles, the present invention can significantly improve the fertility and production capacity of the soil in a short period of time, providing important reference and technical support for soil improvement under similar ecological conditions.

[0146] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Soil matrix improvement: adding an adsorbent carrier to the planting soil in the dry and hot valley area, wherein the adsorbent carrier includes biochar and humic acid particles, and the addition ratio is 5% to 8% of the soil weight, and the adsorbent carrier is evenly mixed into the surface soil by shallow tillage, and the mixing depth is 5 to 10 cm; (2) Addition of functional microbial preparations: Addition of functional microbial preparations, wherein the functional microorganisms include cellulose decomposing bacteria, stabilizing bacteria and water retaining bacteria. The functional microorganisms are added to the soil in a layered manner, wherein the stabilizing bacteria are added to the surface soil, and the cellulose decomposing bacteria and water retaining bacteria are added to the root layer soil. The bacterial solution concentration is 10 7 ~10 9 CFU / mL, the amount of bacterial solution used is 1-2L / m 2 , root layer 2-3L / m 2 ; (3) Planting and covering management of green manure crops: Plant green manure crops in the soil after adding microorganisms. Select drought-resistant legumes as green manure crops. The planting density is 15 to 20 plants per square meter. The seeds are used at a concentration of 10 before sowing. 7 ~10 9 CFU / mL of nitrogen-fixing bacteria suspension was used for coating treatment, and straw was covered after sowing with a covering thickness of 2-5 cm; (4) Turning and stabilization of green manure crops: Turning is carried out after the green manure crops reach the peak flowering period. The above-ground parts and roots of the green manure crops are turned into the soil at a turning depth of 15 to 20 cm. After turning, a stabilizing bacterial solution is applied at a dosage of 1 to 2 L / m 2 , while adding finely powdered biochar; (5) Maintaining dynamic balance: Repeated green manure crop planting, application of functional microbial preparations and stabilization treatments to gradually increase the soil organic matter content.

2. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar is obtained by pyrolysis of crop straw under oxygen-limited conditions at 500-600°C.

3. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purity of the humic acid particles is above 90%.

4. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cellulose decomposing bacteria is Bacillus licheniformis, the stabilizing bacteria group is Streptomyces, and the water retaining bacteria group is Serratia marcescens.

5. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The green manure crop is alfalfa or sweet clover.

6. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating amount of the green manure crop seeds is 2% to 5% of the seed weight, and the seeds are dried at room temperature after coating.

7. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional microbial liquid is applied to the soil by spraying, drip irrigation or irrigation.

8. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the dynamic balance maintaining step, green manure crops are planted twice a year, with an interval of 1 to 2 months between each planting.

9. The ecological fertilization method for increasing the content of soil organic matter in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the green manure crop turning and stabilization treatment step, the particle size of the added fine powder biochar is 0.5-1 mm, and the added amount is 5%-8% of the soil weight.

Images