Method for advancing mature period of muskmelons cultivated in open field

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of muskmelon planting, and particularly relates to a method for advancing the mature period of muskmelons cultivated in an open field, which comprises the five steps of seedling raising, preparation before planting, field planting, field management and pest control. Wherein the seedling raising step comprises the step of raising seedlings in a greenhouse from the end of January to the beginning of February every year; preparation before planting: selecting a land, applying a base fertilizer, ploughing and preparing the land, digging melon furrows, covering a mulching film and laying a drip irrigation tape; field planting is started on March 10th, and a small arched shed is built in time for heat preservation after field planting; field management: weeding at regular time; watering in a drip irrigation mode in the whole planting period; performing fertilization; disease and pest control: disease and pest control is performed by adopting an agricultural control and / or physical control method. By means of the method, the mature period of the muskmelons cultivated in the open field can be advanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of melon planting, and particularly relates to a method for early maturation of open-field cultivated melons. Background Art

[0002] Muskmelon belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is native to Africa and India. It is mainly distributed in Northwest China, Central China, and East China. Muskmelon likes a warm and sunny environment. It is not drought-tolerant, cold-tolerant, or barren. It is suitable for loose, fertile, well-drained sandy soil. Muskmelon is usually propagated by seeds.

[0003] The ripening time of open-field melons is mostly concentrated in summer. The time of ripening and harvesting is mostly concentrated around 50 days after flowering. The temperature in each cultivation area is different, and the ripening time of melons is also different. Xinjiang is an advantageous area for growing melons. Due to the special climate, the melons grown in Xinjiang are of excellent quality.

[0004] Farmers in Kashgar, Xinjiang, are accustomed to planting melons in the open field by direct seeding. Due to the low temperature in early spring, they need to wait until the ground temperature stabilizes before planting. The melon planting period is concentrated after March 15. The maturity period is concentrated from late June to early July every year. The relatively concentrated maturity period leads to a large number of melons being put on the market at the same time, resulting in an oversupply of melons and low market prices, making it difficult to obtain good returns.

[0005] Therefore, in order to avoid crowding on the market, some melon farmers will adopt some methods to advance the maturity of melons, thereby advancing the maturity of melons and obtaining higher returns. For example, melons are sown in greenhouses in early spring and cultivated in greenhouses until they mature. However, the cost of cultivating melons in greenhouses is high and ordinary farmers cannot afford it, so the farmers' income has not been effectively improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a method for advancing the maturity of open-field melons, which effectively solves the technical problem in the prior art that the conventional planting method cannot meet the normal growth of melons and advance the maturity of open-field melons due to the low temperature in early spring. The present invention can significantly advance the maturity of open-field melons without significantly increasing production costs, which is acceptable to most farmers, thereby obtaining higher planting benefits. To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation, which comprises five steps of seedling raising, preparation before planting, planting, field management and pest and disease control.

[0008] Seedling cultivation: From the end of January to the beginning of February each year, melon seedlings are cultivated in greenhouses.

[0009] Preparation before planting: select the site, apply base fertilizer, select the site, apply base fertilizer, till the land, dig melon furrows, cover the ground with mulch, and lay drip irrigation tapes.

[0010] Transplanting: Transplanting started on March 10th. After the melon seedlings were transplanted, a small arch shed was set up in time for insulation.

[0011] Field management: regular weeding, double-vine pruning, timely fruit thinning, and retaining one fruit per plant; use drip irrigation for watering and fertilization during the entire planting period.

[0012] Pest and disease control: Use agricultural and / or physical control methods to control pests and diseases.

[0013] Melons are harvested from late May to early June.

[0014] The present invention utilizes the construction of a small arch shed in early spring to increase the temperature inside the arch shed, thereby creating a special local climate environment, so that the melons can grow normally during the low temperature period in early spring, and cooperates with the seedling transplanting method and the drip irrigation method to advance the maturity period of open-field cultivated melons, which is more than 20 days earlier than the conventional open-field seed direct seeding cultivation method, thereby obtaining a higher yield, and solving the problem in the prior art that the conventional planting method cannot be used to advance the maturity period of open-field cultivated melons due to the low temperature in early spring.

[0015] It should be noted that the specifications of the small arch shed are: shed height 0.60m-1.10m, shed width 1.8m-2m, length 30m-50m, and the distance between two sheds is 1.5m-1.8m.

[0016] Specifically, the skeleton of the small arch shed uses 3m to 3.5m long fiberglass rods or bamboo strips as arch poles, which are connected with hemp ropes or plastic ropes, and an arch pole is inserted at intervals of 1.0m to 1.5m.

[0017] The invention utilizes the small arch shed to raise the temperature in the arch shed in early spring, creates a special local climate environment, enables the open-field cultivated melons to grow normally in early spring, and greatly advances the maturity period of the open-field cultivated melons.

[0018] In the present invention, the method for raising seedlings and transplanting comprises the following steps:

[0019] Choose early-maturing varieties and sow from January 25 to February 5. Choose a 50-hole plug tray and a substrate with good permeability. Sow in each hole after placing the tray, spray water until the substrate at the bottom of the plug tray is moist, cover with film to keep moisture. Put it in the greenhouse, and remove the film in time when the seeds are above the soil;

[0020] When the seedlings grown in the greenhouse grow to 3 true leaves, they are transplanted. The hardened melon seedlings are transplanted into the trimmed melon ridges and covered with a small arch shed.

[0021] The present invention utilizes the construction of a small arch shed in early spring to increase the temperature inside the arch shed, thereby creating a special local climate environment, so that the melons can grow normally during the low temperature period of early spring. The method of raising seedlings and transplanting and the method of drip irrigation and precision irrigation are used in conjunction to advance the maturity period of open-field cultivated melons, which is more than 20 days earlier than the conventional open-field seed direct seeding cultivation method, thereby obtaining a higher yield.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, before sowing, the seedling substrate is first disinfected by spraying with 1500 times of 50% carbendazim by mass percentage, and sprayed with clean water at the same time, and the amount of water is suitable to make water between the fingers of the substrate but not dripping. Stir evenly, cover with greenhouse film, and pile for 22h to 26h.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, the organic matter content of the seedling culture medium is ≥50%, and the pH value is neutral.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the depth of the seed hole during sowing is 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm, and one seed is sown in each hole of the hole tray. Each hole of the hole tray is filled with the matrix, the surface of the hole tray is scraped flat with a scraper, and then a 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm deep sowing hole is pressed out with a hole presser, and the seeds are placed flat in the sowing holes, with one seed in each hole.

[0025] As a preferred implementation, after the melon seedlings are planted, drip irrigation is used for precision irrigation once every 10 days or so, and irrigation is stopped 15 days before harvest.

[0026] As a preferred implementation, the number of drip irrigations in the entire planting cycle is 6 to 8 times, and the water consumption of each drip irrigation is 25-30m 3 / mu.

[0027] The drip irrigation precision irrigation method adopted by the present invention will not reduce the ground temperature of the melon planting belt in early spring, which is conducive to the rapid acclimatization of the melon seedlings after transplanting and early maturity of the open-field cultivated melons. The method provided by the present invention provides a method for early maturity of open-field cultivated melons through auxiliary measures, and the water consumption is only 240-280m 3 , the water-saving effect is significant.

[0028] The prevention and control of diseases and pests that occur during the planting process mainly includes the prevention and control of powdery mildew, wilt, and aphids.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention provides a method for early maturity of open-field melon cultivation. First, in early spring, a small arch shed is set up to increase the temperature and create a special local climate environment. Seedling transplanting and drip irrigation are used in combination to advance the maturity of open-field melon cultivation. The maturity is more than 20 days earlier than that of conventional open-field seed direct seeding cultivation, thereby obtaining higher returns.

[0031] 2. The method for early maturation of open-field cultivated melons provided by the present invention uses seedling raising and transplanting technology to advance the maturation period of open-field cultivated melons. The melons cultivated in the open field in Kashgar, Xinjiang, mature from June 20 to July 30 using conventional methods. By using the seedling raising and transplanting method provided by the present invention, the maturity period can be advanced to May 25 at the earliest.

[0032] 3. The method for early maturation of open-field melons provided by the present invention adopts a drip irrigation precision irrigation method, which effectively alleviates the problem of water shortage in Kashgar, Xinjiang. In Kashgar, Xinjiang, open-field melons are mostly irrigated with large amounts of water in the melon ditch, and each acre of land needs to be irrigated with 600m 3 In the peak period of crop water use in summer, melons are often not able to meet the water demand. By adopting the method of the present invention for early cultivation of melons at maturity, only 240m3 of water is needed. 3 ~280m 3 , the water-saving effect is significant.

[0033] 4. The conventional planting method of melons in Kashgar, Xinjiang is to open a melon ditch with a width of 90cm and a depth of 60cm, and plant on both sides of the melon ditch. In early spring, the melon ditch is used to irrigate the seedlings to slow down the growth of the melon seedlings, which will reduce the ground temperature and delay the normal growth of the melon seedlings. The present invention uses drip irrigation to accurately irrigate the roots of the melon seedlings, which will not cause the ground temperature to be reduced due to flooding, which is conducive to the rapid slow growth of the melon seedlings after transplanting the melon seedlings and the early maturity of the melons. At present, there are also a few farmers who use drip irrigation to plant melons, but they all use flat-bed drip irrigation, that is, no ridges, no furrows, and flat-lay drip irrigation belts. This method uses a small amount of mulch film lighting surface, and the ground temperature rises slowly in spring, resulting in slow growth of melon seedlings after transplanting. The present invention uses a mechanical laying of drip irrigation belts on the melon ridge planting belt on the basis of the traditional melon ditch, which can not only meet the watering needs of melon growth, but also retain the melon ditch, increase the lighting area of ​​the mulch film, quickly increase the spring ground temperature, shorten the slow growth time after the melon seedlings are transplanted, and promote the rapid growth of melons, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting the early maturity of melons. At the same time, it is conducive to the application of water-saving drip irrigation technology in local melon production.

[0034] 5. The traditional planting method of trenching without drip irrigation requires a lot of labor for topdressing and watering in the later management process, and it is difficult to prevent and control melon root diseases. By adopting the method of early open-field cultivation of melons at maturity provided by the present invention, topdressing and watering can be completed by drip irrigation during field management, saving 60% to 70% of labor, and drip irrigation can be used to apply medicine with water to prevent and control root diseases.

[0035] 6. A small number of farmers in Kashgar, Xinjiang, also plant melons by seedling transplanting. However, after the melon seedlings are transplanted, they need to be watered with melon ditches. The ground temperature is low in spring, and a large amount of watering with melon ditches will reduce the ground temperature. The root system of the melon seedlings develops slowly, and the root system only grows in the shallow soil and does not take root, which easily causes premature aging of the plants in the later stage. The cultivation method provided by the present invention combines the drip irrigation technology with the seedling transplanting technology. After the melon seedlings are transplanted, a small amount of dripping water can meet the needs of the melon seedlings to slow down the growth of the seedlings, and the ground temperature will not be reduced. It is beneficial to the normal growth of the root system of the melon seedlings in spring, and the root system develops vigorously and takes root deeply, and the plants will not age prematurely in the later stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 These are pictures of seedling raising, site selection, fertilization, melon trenching and mulch laying according to the present invention, wherein Picture A is seedling raising, Picture B is site selection, Picture C is fertilization, and Picture D is melon trenching and mulch laying.

[0037] Figure 2 These are pictures of setting up the arch frame of a small arch shed at a corner, planting, covering the shed film and temperature management according to the present invention, wherein Figure A shows the setting up of the arch frame of a small arch shed at a corner, Figure B shows the planting, Figure C shows the covering of the shed film, and Figure D shows temperature management.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a diagram of field application for pest control according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing an example of melon cultivation in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a physical picture of the small arch shed used in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and dimensions of the small arch shed used in the present invention.

[0042] Figure 7 : is a picture of the drip irrigation tape used in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific drawings and examples, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0044] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the background technology of the present invention: In order to advance the maturity of melons, avoid crowding on the market, and obtain higher returns, some melon farmers will adopt some methods to advance the maturity of melons, sow melons in greenhouses in early spring, and cultivate melons in greenhouses until they mature. However, the use of this method will result in high costs for cultivating melons in greenhouses, which is difficult for ordinary farmers to afford, so it does not increase farmers' income. Based on the problems existing in the above-mentioned methods for advancing the maturity of melons, the present invention provides a method for advancing the maturity of melons cultivated in the open field, which can significantly advance the maturity of melons cultivated in the open field without significantly increasing production costs, so that most farmers can accept it and obtain higher planting returns.

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention is now described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0048] 1. Seedling cultivation

[0049] The seedling raising site was chosen in the greenhouse in Dolaitibag Township, Bachu County, Xinjiang.

[0050] 1. Variety selection: "Youmi 30", this variety is an early-maturing variety, with a single fruit weight of 2kg to 2.5kg, an oval fruit, golden skin, bluish-white flesh, crisp and sweet flesh, rich aroma, pure flavor, and a central soluble solid content of 14% to 16%. Seeds were purchased from Xinjiang Qicai Agriculture Co., Ltd.

[0051] 2. Seedling materials:

[0052] A 50-hole plug tray was selected and purchased from Bachu County Fenghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. A seedling medium with good permeability was selected, the organic matter of the seedling medium was 50wt%, the pH value was neutral, and it was purchased from Shandong Shenxian Luwo Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0053] Before sowing, sterilize the seedling substrate, pile the seedling substrate in one place, spray the surface with 1500 times of 50% carbendazim by mass percentage, and spray water at the same time, the amount of water should be appropriate to make water between the fingers of the substrate but not dripping. Stir evenly, cover with greenhouse film, and pile for 24 hours.

[0054] 3. Planting seeds

[0055] (1) The sowing time is January 25, 2023.

[0056] (2) Before sowing, place the sterilized substrate into the hole tray and use a hole press to press out 1 cm deep sowing holes.

[0057] (3) Place the seeds flat in the sowing holes, sow one seed in each hole, cover the sowing holes with substrate, spray water until the substrate at the bottom of the hole tray is moist, cover with film to keep moisture. Place them on the seedbed in the greenhouse. When the seeds are above the soil, remove the film in time.

[0058] 3. Seedling management:

[0059] After the melons emerge, the greenhouse is kept bright and bright during the day, with the temperature controlled at 28°C and 14°C at night. The temperature is adjusted by opening and closing the vents. Watering is done in the morning on sunny days. When the melon seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, the ventilation volume is increased and the ventilation time is extended to harden the seedlings and prepare for transplanting.

[0060] It should be noted that when watering, you should pay attention to watering in small amounts and multiple times to keep the surface substrate moist. Do not cause water accumulation. Excessive humidity can easily cause seedling diseases such as damping-off and sudden wilt.

[0061] 2. Preparation before planting

[0062] 1. Site selection

[0063] The plot is located in Village 11, Dolaitibag Township, Bachu County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang. The selected plot has a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and an area of ​​60 acres.

[0064] 2. Tillage and land preparation

[0065] Land preparation began on March 1st. After plowing the land with a reversible plow, a combined land preparation machine was used to level the land to the standards of being even, flat, loose, broken and clean. The locations of the planting rows were determined and marked according to the width of the plot.

[0066] 3. Apply basal fertilizer

[0067] According to the planting row marks, use an organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer mixed fertilizer applicator to apply fertilizer at the planting row position, and apply 2m3 of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu of land. 3 , 40kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with 54% content.

[0068] The compound fertilizer used was Stanley brand with a nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio of 17%:17%:17%, purchased from the general agent of Stanley Agricultural Group Co., Ltd. in Kashgar area.

[0069] 3. Dig melon trenches, cover ground film, and lay drip irrigation belts

[0070] Along the planting row, a melon ditch was opened using a ditching, film covering and pipe laying machine. The melon ditch row spacing was 3.2m, the upper width was 0.9m and the depth was 0.5m. The work of covering the ground film and laying the drip irrigation belt was completed simultaneously. The ground film used was a white polyethylene ground film with a width of 1.4m and a thickness of 0.01mm. The drip irrigation belt was laid on the planting belts on both sides of the melon ditch. The two sides of the melon ditch were covered with film at the same time, covering the bottom of the ditch to prevent weeds and increase low temperature. The amount of ground film used was 5.5kg / mu.

[0071] Among them, the ground film was purchased from Yufeng Plastic Products Factory in Korla City, and the drip irrigation tape was purchased from the Chengxiang Drip Irrigation Tape Factory in Bachu County.

[0072] 4. Build a small arch shed

[0073] To ensure the survival rate after transplanting, the small arch frame should be set up before transplanting, so that the greenhouse film can be covered in time after transplanting to enhance the insulation effect.

[0074] The setting of small arch shed is as follows Figure 3 As shown: The small arch shed is 0.60m high, 1.8m wide and 50m long. The distance between the two sheds is 1.5m. The skeleton of the small arch shed uses 3m long bamboo pieces as arch poles, connected with hemp ropes, and an arch pole is inserted at intervals of 1.5m.

[0075] 3. Planting

[0076] In order to solve the problem of high cost of melon cultivation in greenhouses for many years, the present invention uses small arch sheds to increase the ground temperature when planting melons. Figure 2 As shown, the combined use of seedling transplanting methods and drip irrigation methods can save production costs.

[0077] (1) The planting time of this embodiment is March 8, 2023. At the time of planting, the melon seedlings have 3 true leaves and have been fully hardened to meet the standard of strong seedlings.

[0078] (2) On the planting belts on both sides of the trimmed melon ditch, use a hole puncher to punch holes 10 cm from the inner side of the ditch as planting holes, with a diameter of 8 cm, a depth of 5 cm, and a plant spacing of 0.4 m.

[0079] (3) Take the melon seedlings out of the hole tray and place them in the planting holes. Fill the roots with soil. Make sure to compact the soil around the planting holes so that the melon roots are in full contact with the soil. Then use a ladle to water the roots with a small amount of rooting water. Water each plant 500 ml.

[0080] (4) After the entire plot of land is planted, cover the small arch shed with 0.15mm thick white transparent polyethylene film in time. The dosage is 60kg / mu.

[0081] The greenhouse film was purchased from Shandong Yide Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.

[0082] 4. Field Management

[0083] 1. Temperature management

[0084] In this embodiment, the melon seedlings were not ventilated within 15 days after being planted; when the outside temperature was stable at above 20°C during the day, ventilation was gradually started, and the maximum temperature in the greenhouse was controlled not to exceed 38°C, and the vents were closed at night. After that, as the outside temperature rose, when the lowest temperature at night was above 15°C, the vents were no longer closed, so that the melon seedlings in the greenhouse gradually adapted to the outside temperature. On April 25, the greenhouse film was removed in the afternoon.

[0085] 2. Regular weeding

[0086] When the melons have 6-7 true leaves and are about to extend their vines, enter the greenhouse to pull out the weeds growing around the melon seedlings, and remove the greenhouse film for the second weeding. The last weeding should be done half a month before the melons are ripe for harvest.

[0087] Intermittent weeding can ensure that the surface temperature reaches the requirements for melon growth, ensure that the melons do not compete for nutrients, enhance light, facilitate fruit enlargement and sugar accumulation, reduce diseases and pests, and ensure the quality of melon fruit.

[0088] 3. Pruning

[0089] Use double vine pruning. When the melon seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, the first pruning is carried out. Remove the sub-vines from the first node of the main vine, keep the sub-vines from the 2nd and 3rd nodes, and top the main vine. When the two sub-vines are about 30cm long, the second pruning is carried out. Remove the grandchildren growing at the angle between the first leaf and the sub-vine on each of the two sub-vines. No more pruning will be done after that.

[0090] 4. Watering and fertilizing

[0091] When the transplanted melon seedlings have finished acclimatization and new leaves have grown, use drip irrigation to start watering and applying fertilizer in time.

[0092] The first watering in this embodiment was on March 19, and then watering was done every ten days or so, with a total of seven drip irrigations during the entire planting cycle. During the third and fourth drip irrigations, the fruit was in the swelling stage and required a large amount of water, with a drip irrigation rate of 35m 3 / mu, and the amount of drip irrigation for the rest is 25m 3 / mu, stop dripping 15 days before harvest.

[0093] Combined with drip irrigation, topdressing is carried out. The chemical fertilizer is dissolved in the fertilizer tank and applied with water, and topdressing is carried out 3 times in total. During the second drip irrigation, the melon plants begin to stretch their vines, and 10 kg of urea is applied per mu of land; during the fourth drip irrigation, the fruit is in the critical period of expansion, and 15 kg of water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied per mu of land; during the seventh drip irrigation, 5 kg of potassium sulfate is applied per mu of land to improve the quality of the fruit. Through fertilization, the melon is guaranteed to have good nutrition throughout the growth period to promote the normal growth of the plant.

[0094] 5. Fruit management

[0095] When the young melon fruits grow to the size of an egg, they are selected. One young fruit with a regular shape and no blemishes on the appearance is retained on each plant, and the rest are removed to ensure that all nutrients are supplied to the selected young fruits for growth, thereby improving the commercial quality of the melon fruit.

[0096] At the same time, because the sunshine in Xinjiang is strong, it is necessary to take measures such as turning the melons and covering the melons to prevent the melons and fruits from being burned by the sun. In this embodiment, the melons are turned twice, and when the fruits grow to about 2kg, the fruits are covered with the weeds pulled out in combination with weeding.

[0097] 5. Pest and disease control

[0098] Common diseases of Xinjiang melons include powdery mildew and wilt. In normal years in the local area of ​​this embodiment, the normal onset time of melon powdery mildew is June 10, and the occurrence of wilt has no obvious time pattern, mainly occurring in continuous cropping plots. The main insect pests are aphids, and aphids mainly cause harm from April to July. This embodiment adopts the technical measures of the present invention. The melons have matured before the normal occurrence of local diseases in that year. No disease prevention and control measures are taken. Only prevention and control measures are taken for aphids, that is, weeds in the field and the surrounding area are cleared in time, and yellow insect sticky tape is hung in the field for trapping and killing. Every 667m 2 Hang 40 pieces; when insect pests occur, spray once with 2000 times diluted 20% flubendiamide plus 1500 times diluted 22% flubendiamide.

[0099] Among them, yellow insect glue paper was purchased from Maizhisheng Electronics Factory in Longgang District, Shenzhen, 20% flubendiamide was purchased from Shandong Weifang Yijia Agrochemical Co., Ltd., and 22% flubendiamide was purchased from Corteva Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0100] 6. Harvest

[0101] The melons planted in this embodiment matured on May 25, 2023 and were harvested on the same day. They were picked and placed gently during harvesting, leaving a T-shaped fruit stalk. They were sold in time after harvesting.

[0102] It should be noted that the selling price of the melons harvested on the same day in this embodiment is 7 yuan / kg.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0105] 1. Seedling cultivation

[0106] The seedling raising site was chosen in the greenhouse of Village 17, Tazihong Township, Shule County, Xinjiang.

[0107] 1. Variety selection: Choose early-maturing varieties: "Nasmi", a medium-early maturing variety, with oval fruits, yellow skin, dark green spots, dense and complete net patterns on the fruit surface, a single fruit weight of about 2.0 kg, fine, crispy, sweet flesh, and a soluble solid content of 15.3% in the center. Purchased from Xinjiang Mingxin Kehong Seed Co., Ltd.

[0108] 2. Planting

[0109] (1) Disinfect the seedling medium before sowing. Pile the seedling medium in one place and spray the surface with 1500 times the mass percentage concentration of 50% carbendazim. Spray clean water at the same time. The amount of water should be enough to make water drip between the fingers of the medium. Stir well, cover with greenhouse film, and keep the pile stuffy for 24 hours.

[0110] (2) Place the sterilized substrate into the hole tray, fill each hole with the substrate, scrape the surface of the hole tray flat with a scraper, and then use a hole press to press out a 1 cm deep sowing hole.

[0111] (3) Sowing on February 5, place the seeds flat in the sowing holes, sow one seed in each hole, spray with clean water until the substrate at the bottom of the hole tray is moist, cover with film to retain moisture, and place them on the greenhouse seedling bed. When the seeds are above the soil, remove the film in time.

[0112] The plug tray was a 50-hole plug tray purchased from Zhejiang Tingdong Horticulture. The seedling medium was a finished seedling medium with good permeability, with an organic matter content of 50% wt and a neutral pH value. The seedling medium soil was purchased from Haining Huajin Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.

[0113] 4. Seedling management:

[0114] After the melons emerge, the greenhouse is kept bright and sunny during the day, with the temperature controlled at 30°C and 16°C at night. The temperature is adjusted by covering with quilts and opening and closing vents. Watering is done in the morning on sunny days. When the melon seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, the ventilation volume is increased and the ventilation time is extended to harden the seedlings and prepare for planting.

[0115] 2. Preparation before planting

[0116] 1. Site selection

[0117] The plot is located in Village 17, Tazihong Township, Shule County, Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang. The selected plot has a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and an area of ​​50 acres.

[0118] 2. Apply basal fertilizer

[0119] Spread 2m3 of fully decomposed farmyard manure evenly on each acre of land. 3, then timely till the land, determine the location of the planting row, and evenly spread 40kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 57% along the planting row. After the compound fertilizer is spread, perform rotary tillage to evenly mix the fertilizer with the soil.

[0120] The compound fertilizer used was Dianjinmai brand compound fertilizer with a nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio of 15%:34%:8%, purchased from the Kashgar distributor of Yunnan Xiangfeng Jinmai Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0121] 3. Open the melon ditch

[0122] Along the planting rows, melon trenches were dug using a trenching, film covering and pipe laying machine. The row spacing of the melon trenches was 3.5m, the upper opening was 0.9m wide and 0.5m deep.

[0123] 4. Cover the ground film and lay the drip irrigation belt

[0124] Combined with digging melon trenches, the ditching, film covering and pipe laying integrated machine was used to simultaneously complete the work of covering the ground film and laying the drip irrigation tape. The ground film was selected with a width of 1.4m and a thickness of 0.01mm white polyethylene ground film. The drip irrigation tape was laid on the planting belts on both sides of the melon trench. The two sides of the melon trench were covered with film at the same time, covering the bottom of the trench to prevent weeds and increase low temperature. The amount of ground film used was 5kg / mu. Among them, the ground film was purchased from Xinjiang Dushanzi Mingzhu Plastic Products Factory, and the drip irrigation tape was purchased from Xinjiang Aksu Xinye Drip Irrigation Tape Factory.

[0125] 3. Planting

[0126] In order to solve the problem of high cost of melon cultivation in greenhouses for many years, the present invention uses small arch sheds to increase the ground temperature when planting melons, such as Figure 2 As shown, the combined use of seedling transplanting methods and drip irrigation methods can save production costs.

[0127] When the melon seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse grow to 3 true leaves, they are planted. The planting time in this embodiment is March 10. During planting, the melon seedlings after hardening are transplanted into the planting belts on both sides of the trimmed melon ditch, with a spacing of 0.4m. Use drip irrigation to water the roots once until the soil around the melon seedlings is moist, and then cover the small arch shed in time.

[0128] Among them, the setting of small arch shed is as follows Figure 3 As shown:

[0129] The small arch shed is 0.6m high, 1.8m wide and 30m long. The distance between the two sheds is 1.8m. The skeleton of the small arch shed uses 3m long fiberglass rods as arch poles, connected with plastic ropes, and an arch pole is inserted at intervals of 1m, covered with shed film. The shed film uses a 0.15mm thick light blue polyethylene multifunctional film, with a dosage of 50kg / mu.

[0130] The greenhouse film was purchased from Shouguang Hongbo Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.

[0131] 4. Field Management

[0132] 1. Temperature management

[0133] No ventilation was allowed within 15 days after the melon seedlings were planted. When the outside temperature was above 20°C during the day, the greenhouse film was gradually opened to ventilate the greenhouse. The maximum temperature in the greenhouse was controlled to be no more than 38°C, and the vents were closed at night. The vents were no longer closed from April 25, and the greenhouse film was removed in the afternoon on May 1.

[0134] 2. Regular weeding

[0135] When the melons have 6-7 true leaves, weeds will appear around the melon seedlings, so weed them. Weed them again when the melons are expanding. Weed them for the last time half a month before the melons are ripe for harvest.

[0136] 3. Pruning

[0137] Use double vine pruning. When the melon seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, the first pruning is carried out. Remove the sub-vines from the first node of the main vine, keep the sub-vines from the 2nd and 3rd nodes, and top the main vine. When the two sub-vines are about 30cm long, the second pruning is carried out. Remove the grandchildren growing at the angle between the first leaf and the sub-vine on each of the two sub-vines. No more pruning will be done after that.

[0138] 4. Watering and fertilizing

[0139] When the melon seedlings begin to enter the vegetative growth stage after planting, use drip irrigation to start watering and topdressing in time.

[0140] In this embodiment, the root water is dripped once after the melon seedlings are planted. When the melon seedlings begin to grow normally, water is dripped once every ten days or so. The number of drip irrigations in the entire planting cycle is 8 times. During the 5th and 6th dripping, the fruit is in the swelling stage and requires a large amount of water. The dripping amount is 35m 3 / mu, and the amount of drip irrigation for the rest is 25m 3 / mu, stop dripping 15 days before harvest.

[0141] Combined with drip irrigation, topdressing is carried out. The chemical fertilizer is dissolved in the fertilizer tank and applied with water, and topdressing is carried out 3 times in total. During the second drip irrigation, the melon plants begin to stretch their vines, and 10 kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with a content of 45% is applied per mu of land; during the fourth drip irrigation, the fruit is in the critical period of expansion, and 15 kg of water-soluble monoammonium phosphate is applied per mu of land; during the seventh drip irrigation, in order to improve the quality of the fruit, 5 kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied per mu of land. Through fertilization, the melon is guaranteed to have good nutrients throughout its growth period to promote the normal growth of the plant.

[0142] The high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with a content of 45% was purchased from the Kashgar distributor of Nanning Hanhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the water-soluble monoammonium phosphate was purchased from the Aksu distributor of China National Agricultural Group Holding Co., Ltd., and the water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was purchased from the Kashgar distributor of State-owned Investment Xinjiang Lop Nur Potash Co., Ltd.

[0143] 5. Fruit management

[0144] When the young melon fruits grow to the size of an egg, they are selected. One young fruit with a regular shape and no blemishes on the appearance is retained on each plant, and the rest are removed to ensure that all nutrients are supplied to the selected young fruits for growth, thereby improving the commercial quality of the melon fruit.

[0145] At the same time, take measures such as turning over and covering the melons to prevent the fruits from being burned by sunlight.

[0146] 5. Pest and disease control

[0147] This embodiment adopts the technical measures of the present invention. The melons are already mature before the normal occurrence of local diseases in that year. No disease control measures are taken. Only control measures are taken for aphids, that is, weeds in the field and the surrounding area are removed in time, and yellow sticky insect glue paper is hung in the field for trapping and killing. 2 Hang 40 pieces; when insect pests occur, spray with 2000 times of 20% sulfoxaflor dilution plus 1500 times of 22% sulfoxaflor dilution in time. Spray 2 times in a row with an interval of 7 days.

[0148] Among them, the purchased yellow sticky tape was produced by Beijing Zhongjie Sifang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the purchased 20% flubendiamide was produced by Shandong Weifang Yijia Agrochemical Co., Ltd., and the 22% flubendiamide was produced by Dow AgroSciences.

[0149] 6. Harvest

[0150] The melons planted in this embodiment matured on June 1, 2023 and were harvested on the same day. They were picked and placed gently during harvesting, leaving a T-shaped fruit stalk. They were sold in a timely manner after harvesting.

[0151] It should be noted that the selling price of the melons harvested on the same day in this embodiment is 6 yuan / kg.

[0152] Example 3

[0153] A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0154] 1. Seedling cultivation

[0155] The seedling raising site was chosen in the greenhouse of the Horticultural Farm in Kashgar County, Xinjiang.

[0156] 1. Variety selection: Choose the early-maturing variety "Huozhou Yindi". This variety has round fruits, white skin, no net or small net, sometimes with light yellow color, green flesh, strong fragrance, soluble solid content in the center is 16%, and the weight of a single fruit is 1.5-3kg. It has good disease resistance and adaptability. Purchased from Xinjiang Nong Le Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.

[0157] 2. Seedling materials:

[0158] A 50-hole plug tray was selected, produced by Zhejiang Tingdong Horticulture. A seedling medium with good permeability was selected, the organic matter of the seedling medium was 50%wt, the pH value was neutral, and it was produced by Zhejiang Wanzhong Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0159] Disinfect the seedling medium before sowing, pile the seedling medium in one place, spray the surface with 2000 times of 75% carbendazim solution by mass percentage, spray clean water at the same time, stir evenly, cover with greenhouse film, and pile it for 24 hours.

[0160] 3. Planting seeds

[0161] (1) The sowing time is January 30, 2023.

[0162] (2) Before sowing, place the sterilized substrate into the hole tray and use a hole press to press out 1 cm deep sowing holes.

[0163] (3) Place the seeds flat in the sowing holes, sow one seed in each hole, cover the sowing holes with substrate, spray water until the substrate at the bottom of the hole tray is moist, cover with film to keep moisture. Place them on the seedbed in the greenhouse. When the seeds are above the soil, remove the film in time.

[0164] 5. Seedling management:

[0165] After the melons emerge, the greenhouse is kept bright and bright during the day, with the temperature controlled at 28°C and 14°C at night. The temperature is adjusted by opening and closing the vents. Watering is done in the morning on sunny days. When the melon seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, the ventilation volume is increased and the ventilation time is extended to harden the seedlings and prepare for transplanting.

[0166] 2. Preparation before planting

[0167] 1. Site selection

[0168] The land is located in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, and is located in Kashgar County and Xiawati Town, Village 16. The selected land has a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, and covers an area of ​​80 mu.

[0169] 2. Apply basal fertilizer

[0170] Spread 2.5m3 of fully decomposed farmyard manure evenly per mu of land 3, then cultivate the land in time. After the land is leveled, determine the position of the melon ditch according to the width of the plot, and open a fertilizer ditch on both sides of the center line of each melon ditch with a depth of more than 25 cm. Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a nutrient content of 45% evenly into the fertilizer ditch, 50 kg per mu of land, and use the tilled soil when opening the melon ditch to bury the fertilizer under the planting belt.

[0171] The compound fertilizer used was Teningfeng brand compound fertilizer produced by Xinjiang Sufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium ratio of 15%:15%:15%, and it was purchased from the Kashgar distributor of Xinjiang Tianhe Jiaxin Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0172] 3. Dig melon trenches, cover ground film, and lay drip irrigation belts

[0173] Along the center line of the melon ditch, a melon ditch was opened using a ditch opening, film covering and pipe laying machine. The row spacing of the melon ditch was 3.5m, the upper width was 1m, and the depth was 0.6m. The work of covering the ground film and laying the drip irrigation belt was completed simultaneously. The ground film used was a white polyethylene ground film with a width of 1.4m and a thickness of 0.015mm. The drip irrigation belt was laid on the planting belts on both sides of the melon ditch. Both sides of the melon ditch were covered with film at the same time, covering the bottom of the ditch to prevent weeds and increase low temperature. The amount of ground film used was 6.5kg / mu.

[0174] Among them, the ground film was purchased from Sinopec Dushanzi Ground Film Factory, and the drip irrigation tape was purchased from Shandong Yuncheng Yufeng Water-Saving Irrigation Equipment Co., Ltd.

[0175] 4. Build a small arch shed

[0176] To ensure the survival rate after transplanting, the small arch frame should be set up before transplanting, so that the greenhouse film can be covered in time after transplanting to enhance the insulation effect.

[0177] The setting of small arch shed is as follows Figure 3 As shown:

[0178] The height of the small arch shed is 0.60m and the span is 1.8m. The distance between the two sheds is 1.8m. The skeleton of the small arch shed uses 3m long fiberglass rods as arch poles, and an arch pole is inserted at intervals of 1.2m and connected with plastic ropes.

[0179] 3. Planting

[0180] In order to solve the problem of high cost of melon cultivation in greenhouses for many years, the present invention uses small arch sheds to increase the ground temperature when planting melons. Figure 2 As shown, the combined use of seedling transplanting methods and drip irrigation methods can save production costs.

[0181] 1. The planting time of this embodiment is March 12, 2023. When planting, the third true leaf of the melon seedling has been fully expanded, and after sufficient hardening, it has reached the standard of strong seedlings.

[0182] 2. On the planting belts on both sides of the trimmed melon ditch, use a hole puncher to punch holes 10 cm away from the inner side of the ditch as planting holes, with a diameter of 8 cm, a depth of 5 cm, and a plant spacing of 0.4 m.

[0183] 3. Take the melon seedlings out of the hole tray, put them into the planting holes, fill the roots with soil, and compact the soil around the planting holes to make the melon roots fully contact with the soil. After the entire plot of land is planted, cover the small arch shed with 0.15mm thick white transparent polyethylene film in time.

[0184] The greenhouse film was purchased from Shandong Xifeng Plastic Industry Co., Ltd.

[0185] 4. While covering the greenhouse film, use drip irrigation to water the roots until the soil around the melon seedlings is moist.

[0186] 4. Field Management

[0187] 1. Temperature management

[0188] In this embodiment, the melon seedlings were not ventilated within 15 days after being planted. When the outside temperature was stable at above 20°C during the day, ventilation was gradually started to control the temperature in the shed to be no more than 35°C, and the vents were closed at night. After that, as the outside temperature rose, when the lowest temperature at night was above 15°C, the vents were no longer closed, so that the melon seedlings in the shed gradually adapted to the outside temperature. On April 28, the shed film was removed in the afternoon.

[0189] 2. Regular weeding

[0190] 20 days after the melon seedlings are planted, enter the greenhouse and pull out the weeds growing around the seedlings. After removing the greenhouse film, carry out the second weeding in combination with intertillage. Carry out the third weeding during the melon fruit swelling period, and carry out the final weeding half a month before the melons are ripe for harvest.

[0191] Intermittent weeding can ensure that the surface temperature reaches the requirements for melon growth, ensure that the melons do not compete for nutrients, enhance light, facilitate fruit enlargement and sugar accumulation, reduce diseases and pests, and ensure the quality of melon fruit.

[0192] 3. Pruning

[0193] Use double vine pruning. When the melon seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, the first pruning is carried out. Remove the sub-vines from the first node of the main vine, keep the sub-vines from the 2nd and 3rd nodes, and top the main vine. When the two sub-vines are about 30cm long, the second pruning is carried out. Remove the grandchildren growing at the angle between the first leaf and the sub-vine on each of the two sub-vines. No more pruning will be done after that.

[0194] 4. Watering and fertilizing

[0195] When the melon seedlings finish acclimatization and start to grow normally after transplanting, use drip irrigation to start watering and applying fertilizer in time.

[0196] The first watering in this embodiment was on March 25, and then watering was done every ten days or so, with a total of eight drip irrigations during the entire planting cycle. During the third and fourth drip irrigations, the fruit was in the swelling stage and required a large amount of water, with a dripping rate of 35m 3 / mu, and the amount of drip irrigation for the rest is 25m 3 / mu, stop dripping 15 days before harvest.

[0197] Combined with drip irrigation, topdressing was carried out. The chemical fertilizer was dissolved in the fertilizer tank and applied with water. A total of 4 topdressings were carried out. During the third drip irrigation, the fruit entered the expansion period, and 10 kg of water-soluble high-nitrogen compound fertilizer was applied per mu of land; during the fourth watering, 10 kg of water-soluble high-nitrogen compound fertilizer was applied per mu of land; during the seventh watering, 3 kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied per mu of land. During the eighth watering, 5 kg of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied per mu of land.

[0198] Among them, the water-soluble high-nitrogen compound fertilizer was purchased from the Kashgar distributor of Nanning Hanhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was purchased from the Kashgar distributor of Stanley Agricultural Group.

[0199] 5. Fruit management

[0200] When the young melon fruits grow to the size of an egg, they are selected. One young fruit with a regular shape and no blemishes on the appearance is retained on each plant, and the rest are removed to ensure that all nutrients are supplied to the selected young fruits for growth, thereby improving the commercial quality of the melon fruit.

[0201] Simultaneously, take measures such as turning over melons, bagging, etc., to avoid the melons and fruits from being burned by sunlight. In this embodiment, the melons are turned over 2 times in total, and when the fruit grows to about 2kg, the fruit is bagged.

[0202] 5. Pest and disease control

[0203] Common diseases of melons in Xinjiang include powdery mildew and wilt, and the main insect pests are aphids. In normal years in the local area of ​​this embodiment, the normal onset time of melon powdery mildew is June 10, and the occurrence of wilt has no obvious time pattern, mainly occurring in continuous cropping plots. Aphids mainly cause damage from April to July.

[0204] This embodiment adopts the technical measures of the present invention. The melons are mature before the normal occurrence of local diseases in that year, and no leaf disease prevention and control measures are taken. However, since Kashgar County is the main melon producing area in Xinjiang, the planting area is large, and there is a certain area of ​​continuous planting. In order to prevent the harm of wilt disease, prevention and control measures are taken. Drip irrigation is used. During the 5th and 6th watering, 30% carbendazim is flushed with water for 2 consecutive times, 1000 ml per mu each time, which effectively prevents the occurrence of melon wilt disease.

[0205] A combination of agricultural and chemical control measures was adopted to control aphids, namely timely removal of weeds in and around the field, hanging yellow insect sticky paper in the field to lure and kill aphids, and 2 Hang 40 pieces; when insect pests occur, spray with 2000 times of 20% sulfoxaflor dilution plus 1500 times of 22% sulfoxaflor dilution in time. Spray 2 times in a row with an interval of 7 days.

[0206] Among them, the selected yellow insect glue paper is produced by Ningbo Newcom Biotechnology Co., Ltd., the selected 20% flubendiamide is produced by Qingdao Haina Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the selected 22% flubendiamide is produced by Suzhou Jiahui Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0207] 6. Harvest

[0208] The melons planted in this embodiment matured on May 29, 2023 and were harvested on the same day. They were picked and placed gently during harvesting, leaving a T-shaped fruit stalk. They were sold in a timely manner after harvesting.

[0209] It should be noted that the selling price of the melons harvested on the same day in this embodiment is 7 yuan / kg.

[0210] Example 4

[0211] A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0212] Same as Example 1, except that the melon variety is Baikezadi. This variety is a local conventional variety, with oval fruit, yellow peel, dark green stripes, sparse net pattern, white flesh, strong fragrance, 17% soluble solid content in the center, and a single melon weight of 1.5-2kg. Poor disease resistance. The seeds in this example are self-retained seeds by farmers.

[0213] The melons planted in this embodiment were harvested on May 26, 2023, and the selling price on the day of harvest was 7 yuan / kg.

[0214] Example 5

[0215] A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0216] Same as Example 3, except that the melon variety is Bixiakeqi (Old Man's Melon). This variety is a local conventional variety, mid-early maturing, oval fruit, yellow peel covered with dark green flower stripes, with sparse net pattern, delicate and soft flesh, 3-4 kg per melon, 12-14% soluble solid content in the center, poor disease resistance, purchased from Xinjiang Jifeng Seed Co., Ltd.

[0217] The melons planted in this embodiment were harvested on June 3, 2023, and the selling price on the day of harvest was 6 yuan / kg.

[0218] In order to further demonstrate the technical effect of the present invention, the present invention also sets a comparative example, which is as follows:

[0219] Comparative Example 1

[0220] A method for cultivating melons in the open field by direct seeding comprises the following steps:

[0221] 1. Preparation before sowing

[0222] The measures of tilling the land, applying base fertilizer, digging melon furrows, laying ground film, etc. are the same as those in Example 1, except that no small arch shed is set up, furrow irrigation is adopted, and drip irrigation belts are not laid.

[0223] 2. Sowing

[0224] The variety selection is the same as in Example 1, except that seedlings are not grown and direct seeding is used for planting.

[0225] On March 8, 2023, melon seeds were sown on both sides of the melon ditch by direct seeding, with a spacing of 40 cm between plants. The ground film was torn to make holes with a diameter of 3-5 cm as sowing holes. Three seeds were planted in each hole, with a sowing depth of 1.5-2 cm, and the sowing holes were covered with moist soil. 7-10 days after sowing, the seedlings were checked and replanted in time.

[0226] 3. Field Management

[0227] 1. Thinning and finalization

[0228] Thin out the melon seedlings when they have 2 true leaves, leaving 2 healthy seedlings in each hole, and remove weak and diseased seedlings when thinning. When they have 5 true leaves, thin out the seedlings, leaving 1 healthy seedling in each hole.

[0229] 2. Regular weeding

[0230] Same as Example 1.

[0231] 3. Pruning

[0232] Same as Example 1.

[0233] 4. Watering and fertilizing

[0234] Because the melon ditch flooding method is adopted for irrigation, the watering and topdressing methods are different from those in Example 1.

[0235] The first watering is to fill the melon ditch, but not to flood the melon ditch. After 20 days of the first watering, water the second time, and the amount of water reaches two-thirds of the melon ditch. After that, water the melon seedlings according to their growth, watering half of the ditch each time. In this embodiment, watering is performed 4 times in total, and watering is stopped 15 days before the fruit matures.

[0236] Combine topdressing with watering. Apply 15kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu of land before the first and second watering. Dig a 10cm deep hole 15cm away from the edge of the ditch inside each melon seedling, apply about 20g of fertilizer, seal the hole, and then water. During the fruit ripening period, 200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted 3000 times can be used for leaf spraying to increase the sugar content of the fruit.

[0237] 5. Fruit management

[0238] Same as Example 1.

[0239] 4. Pest and disease control

[0240] The control method of melon pests in this comparative example is the same as that in implementation 1.

[0241] The difference lies in the prevention and control of melon diseases. Since the melons in this comparative example matured on June 20, powdery mildew was found on the plot on June 12, and one prevention and control measure was taken: 12.5% ​​myclobutanil emulsion was diluted 1000 times on June 12 and sprayed on the leaves, which had a good prevention and control effect.

[0242] 5. Harvest

[0243] The harvesting method is the same as in Example 1.

[0244] It should be noted that the melons planted in this comparative example began to mature and were harvested on June 20, 2023, 25 days later than the fruit maturity period of Example 1. The selling price on the day of harvest was 3 yuan / kg.

[0245] Comparative Example 2

[0246] A method for cultivating melons in the open field by seedling raising and transplanting comprises the following steps:

[0247] 1. Seedling cultivation

[0248] The seedling raising location, variety selection, seedling raising materials, sowing and seedling management measures in this comparative example are exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the same batch of seedlings are raised.

[0249] 2. Preparation before planting

[0250] 1. Site selection

[0251] Same as Example 1.

[0252] 2. Tillage and land preparation

[0253] Same as Example 1.

[0254] 3. Apply basal fertilizer

[0255] Same as Example 1.

[0256] 4. Dig trenches and cover with mulch film

[0257] The measures of digging melon furrows, covering ground film, and the materials used are the same as those in Example 1, except that furrow irrigation is used for planting, and drip irrigation tape is not laid.

[0258] 5. Build a small arch shed

[0259] Same as Example 1.

[0260] 3. Planting

[0261] The planting method and materials used in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that after the melon seedlings are planted, the melon furrows are immediately flooded once to fill the melon furrows and ensure the survival rate of the melon seedlings.

[0262] It should be noted that due to the use of furrow irrigation for watering, the ground temperature in the planting belts on both sides of the melon ditch dropped significantly. The melon seedlings could not grow normally within 15 days after transplanting and their growth was stagnant.

[0263] 4. Field Management

[0264] 1. Temperature management

[0265] Same as Example 1.

[0266] 2. Regular weeding

[0267] Same as Example 1.

[0268] 3. Pruning

[0269] Same as Example 1.

[0270] 4. Watering and fertilizing

[0271] The method of watering and topdressing is the same as that of comparative example 1, except that, since this comparative example adopts the method of raising seedlings and transplanting, the melon ditch is flooded once immediately after the melon seedlings are planted, which is one more watering than comparative example 1.

[0272] 5. Fruit management

[0273] Same as Example 1.

[0274] 5. Pest and disease control

[0275] The pest control measures and materials used are shown in Example 1.

[0276] 6. Harvest

[0277] The melons planted in this comparative ratio matured on June 8, 2023 and were harvested on the same day. They were picked and placed gently during harvesting, leaving a T-shaped fruit stalk. They were sold promptly after harvesting.

[0278] It should be noted that the selling price of the melons harvested on the same day in this embodiment is 4.5 yuan / kg.

[0279] Comparative Example 3

[0280] A method for cultivating melons in the open field by direct seeding comprises the following steps:

[0281] 1. Preparation before sowing

[0282] The measures of tilling the land, applying base fertilizer, digging melon furrows, laying ground film, etc. are the same as those in Example 3, except that no small arch shed is set up, furrow irrigation is adopted for planting, and drip irrigation belts are not laid.

[0283] 2. Sowing

[0284] The variety selection is the same as in Example 3, except that seedlings are not grown and direct seeding is used for planting.

[0285] On March 12, 2023, melon seeds were sown directly on the planting belts on both sides of the melon ditch, with a spacing of 40 cm between plants. The ground film was torn to make small holes with a diameter of 3-5 cm as sowing holes. Three seeds were planted in each hole, with a sowing depth of 1.5-2 cm, and the sowing holes were covered with moist soil. After 10 days of sowing, the seedlings were checked and replanted.

[0286] 3. Field Management

[0287] 1. Thinning and finalization

[0288] Thin out the melon seedlings when they have 2 true leaves, leaving 2 healthy seedlings in each hole, and remove weak and diseased seedlings when thinning. When they have 5 true leaves, thin out the seedlings, leaving 1 healthy seedling in each hole.

[0289] 2. Regular weeding

[0290] Same as Example 3.

[0291] 3. Pruning

[0292] Same as Example 3.

[0293] 4. Watering and fertilizing

[0294] Because the melon ditch flooding method is adopted for irrigation, the watering and topdressing methods are different from those in Example 3.

[0295] The first watering time was on April 22. The melon ditch was filled with water for the first time, but not overflowing. 18 days after the first watering, on May 10, the second watering was carried out, and the watering amount reached two-thirds of the melon ditch. 28 days after the second watering, on June 7, the third watering was carried out, and the watering amount reached two-thirds of the melon ditch. This comparative ratio was watered 3 times in total.

[0296] Combine topdressing with watering. Apply 10kg of urea per mu of land before the first watering, 10kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu of land before the second watering, and 5kg of agricultural potassium sulfate per mu of land before the third watering. The way of topdressing is to use a backpack fertilizer applicator to drill holes in the middle of every two melon seedlings on the planting belt to apply fertilizer. The fertilization depth is 15cm. Apply about 15g of fertilizer to each fertilization hole, seal it, and then water it.

[0297] 5. Fruit management

[0298] Same as Example 3.

[0299] 4. Pest and disease control

[0300] The control method of melon pests in this comparative example is the same as that in implementation 3.

[0301] The difference lies in the prevention and control of melon diseases.

[0302] Since the melons in this comparison matured on June 21, powdery mildew was found in the plot on June 8, and two prevention and control measures were taken: on June 8, 29% pyraclostrobin was diluted 1500 times and sprayed on the leaves. After an interval of 7 days, on June 14, 40% thiazolin-tebuconazole emulsion was diluted 1000 times and sprayed on the leaves, with good prevention and control effect.

[0303] In order to prevent the damage of Fusarium wilt, preventive measures were taken. On June 1, 30% carbendazim was diluted 1500 times and used to irrigate the roots of melon plants. Each melon was irrigated with 200 ml of the diluted solution. After an interval of 7 days, on June 8, the roots were irrigated once again using the same method, which effectively prevented the occurrence of melon wilt.

[0304] It should be noted that, because the melon matures later, two more powdery mildew control measures were taken than in Example 3. For the control of wilt, the root irrigation measures adopted needed to be completed manually, and the cost of pesticides and labor was higher than that in Example 3.

[0305] 5. Harvest

[0306] The harvesting method is the same as in Example 3.

[0307] It should be noted that the melons planted in this comparative example began to mature and were harvested on June 21, 2023, 23 days later than the fruit maturity of Example 3. The selling price on the day of harvest was 3 yuan / kg.

[0308] Comparative Example 4

[0309] A method for cultivating melons in the open field by seedling raising and transplanting comprises the following steps:

[0310] 1. Seedling cultivation

[0311] The seedling raising location, variety selection, seedling raising materials, sowing and seedling management measures in this comparative example are exactly the same as those in Example 3, and the same batch of seedlings are raised.

[0312] 2. Preparation before planting

[0313] 1. Site selection

[0314] Same as Example 3.

[0315] 2. Tillage and land preparation

[0316] Same as Example 3.

[0317] 3. Apply basal fertilizer

[0318] Same as Example 3.

[0319] 4. Dig trenches and cover with mulch film

[0320] The measures of digging melon furrows, covering ground film and the materials used are the same as those in Example 3, except that furrow irrigation is used for irrigation and drip irrigation tape is not laid.

[0321] 6. Build a small arch shed

[0322] Same as Example 3.

[0323] 3. Planting

[0324] The planting method and materials used in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 3. The difference is that after the melon seedlings are planted, the melon ditch is immediately flooded once to fill the melon ditch to ensure the survival rate of the melon seedlings.

[0325] It should be noted that due to the use of furrow irrigation for watering, the ground temperature in the planting belts on both sides of the melon ditch dropped significantly. The melon seedlings could not grow normally within 12 days after transplanting and their growth was stagnant.

[0326] 4. Field Management

[0327] 1. Temperature management

[0328] Same as Example 3.

[0329] 2. Regular weeding

[0330] Same as Example 3.

[0331] 3. Pruning

[0332] Same as Example 3.

[0333] 4. Watering and fertilizing

[0334] The method of watering and topdressing is the same as that of comparative example 3. The difference is that since this comparative example adopts the seedling raising and transplanting method, the melon seedlings are flooded once with the melon ditch immediately after being planted, which is one more watering than comparative example 3.

[0335] 5. Fruit management

[0336] Same as Example 3.

[0337] 5. Pest and disease control

[0338] The pest control measures and materials used are shown in Example 3.

[0339] 6. Harvest

[0340] The melons planted in this comparative ratio matured on June 12, 2023 and were harvested on the same day. They were picked and placed gently during harvesting, leaving a T-shaped fruit stalk. They were sold promptly after harvesting.

[0341] It should be noted that the selling price of the melons harvested on the same day in this comparative example was 4 yuan / kg.

[0342] Comparative Example 5

[0343] A method for cultivating melons in the open field by seedling transplanting and flat-bed drip irrigation comprises the following steps:

[0344] 1. Seedling cultivation

[0345] The seedling raising location, variety selection, seedling raising materials, sowing and seedling management measures in this comparative example are exactly the same as those in Example 2, and the same batch of seedlings are raised.

[0346] 2. Preparation before planting

[0347] The other measures and materials used in this comparative example are the same as those in comparative example 2, except that flat-bed drip irrigation is used for planting, that is, no melon furrows are opened, and ground film and drip irrigation tapes are laid flat to form a planting belt.

[0348] 3. Planting

[0349] Same as Example 2.

[0350] It should be noted that, because flat-bed drip irrigation is used for planting, the lighting surface of the mulch film laid in the planting belt is 50% less than that in Example 2, the ground temperature in the planting belt is significantly lower than that in Example 2, and the growth rate of the plants is significantly slower than that in Example 2.

[0351] 4. Field Management

[0352] Same as Example 2.

[0353] 5. Pest and disease control

[0354] Same as Example 2.

[0355] 6. Harvest

[0356] The melons planted in this comparative ratio matured on June 10, 2023 and were harvested on the same day. They were picked and placed gently during harvesting, leaving a T-shaped fruit stalk. They were sold promptly after harvesting.

[0357] It should be noted that the sales price of the melons harvested on the same day in this comparative example was 4.5 yuan / kg.

[0358] The present invention has statistically analyzed the yield, maturity time and growth cycle of the melons harvested by using Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0359] Table 1 Melon yield and maturity period of the present invention

[0360] Planting method Commercial melon yield (kg / mu) Maturity time Sales price (yuan / kg) Example 1 1378.56 May 25, 2023 7 Example 2 1262.04 June 1, 2023 6 Example 3 1370.33 May 29, 2023 7 Example 4 1298.52 May 26, 2023 7 Example 5 1322.34 June 3, 2023 6 Comparative Example 1 1316.78 June 20, 2023 3 Comparative Example 2 1165.01 June 8, 2023 4.5 Comparative Example 3 1282.83 June 21, 2023 3 Comparative Example 4 1249.28 June 12, 2023 4 Comparative Example 5 1222.42 June 10, 2023 4

[0361] The results in Table 1 show that the method for advancing the maturity period of open-field cultivated melons provided by the present invention can greatly advance the maturity period of open-field cultivated melons.

[0362] The present invention provides a method for advancing the maturity period of open-field cultivated melons. In early spring, a small arch shed is set up to increase the low temperature, and seedling transplanting and drip irrigation are used in combination to advance the maturity period of open-field cultivated melons. The maturity period is advanced by more than 20 days compared with conventional open-field seed direct seeding, thereby obtaining higher returns.

[0363] It should be noted that when the present invention involves a numerical range, it should be understood that the two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected. In order to avoid redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept, and these changes and modifications all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation, characterized in that: Including seedling raising, pre-planting preparation, planting, field management and pest and disease control; Seedling cultivation: Melon seedlings are cultivated in greenhouses from late January to early February each year; Preparation before planting: site selection, application of base fertilizer, tillage, digging melon furrows, covering with mulch film, and laying drip irrigation tape; Planting: Planting began on March 10. After the melon seedlings were planted, a small arch shed was set up in time for insulation; Field management: regular weeding, double vine pruning, timely fruit thinning, and selecting one fruit per plant; drip irrigation is used for watering and fertilization during the entire planting period; Pest and disease control: Use agricultural and / or physical control methods to control pests and diseases; Melons are harvested from late May to early June.

2. The method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specifications of the small arch shed are: shed height 0.60m-1.10m, shed width 1.8m-2m, length 30m-50m, and the distance between two sheds is 1.5m-1.8m.

3. A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The skeleton of the small arch shed uses 3m to 3.5m long fiberglass rods or bamboo strips as arch poles, connected by hemp ropes or plastic ropes, with an arch pole inserted every 1.0m to 1.5m.

4. The method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of raising seedlings and transplanting comprises the following steps: Choose early-maturing varieties and sow from January 25 to February 5. Choose a 50-hole plug tray and a substrate with good permeability. Sow in each hole after placing the tray, spray water until the substrate at the bottom of the plug tray is moist, cover with film to keep moisture. Put it in the greenhouse, and remove the film in time when the seeds are above the soil; When the seedlings grown in the greenhouse grow to 3 true leaves, they are transplanted. The hardened melon seedlings are transplanted into the trimmed melon ridges and covered with a small arch shed.

5. A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that: Before sowing, the seedling medium is first disinfected by spraying with 1500 times of 50% carbendazim by mass percentage, and at the same time, spraying with clean water, the amount of watering is suitable to make water between the fingers of the medium but not dripping. Stir evenly, cover with greenhouse film, and pile for 22h to 26h.

6. A method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The organic matter content of the seedling culture medium is ≥50%, and the pH value is neutral.

7. The method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The depth of the seed hole during sowing is 0.5cm to 1.5cm, and one seed is sown in each hole of the hole tray.

8. The method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of drip irrigations in the entire planting cycle is 6 to 8 times, and the amount of each drip irrigation is 25-30m 3 / mu.

9. The method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the melon seedlings are planted, drip irrigation is carried out every ten days or so, and drip irrigation is stopped 15 days before harvest.

10. The method for early maturation of open-field melon cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest control includes the control of powdery mildew, the control of wilt, and the control of aphids.

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