Nutritional covering soil for rice seedling raising and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides nutritional cover soil for raising rice seedlings, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fermentation material, 40-60 parts of dry fine soil, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of vermiculite and 1-2 parts of synergist, wherein the fermented material is prepared by fermenting crop straws and livestock and poultry manure through a fermentation inoculant; the synergist is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 75%-90% of nutrients, 7%-20% of an acid regulating agent, 1.5%-4.5% of a sterilization disinfectant and 0.5%-1.8% of a growth regulator. The prepared nutritional covering soil is suitable for mechanized rice seedling raising, the seedling raising process is shortened, the production efficiency is improved, and the seedling raising cost is reduced; dependence on plough layer soil can be greatly reduced, and damage to cultivated land is reduced; the fertilizer is scientific in proportioning, comprehensive in nutrient elements and high in absorption efficiency, and has the effects of retaining water, promoting roots, strengthening seedlings, increasing green, resisting diseases, resisting cold and resisting drought.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation nutrient soil preparation, and particularly relates to nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As one of the important food crops in my country, rice occupies an extremely important strategic position in ensuring my country's food security. Cultivating strong rice seedlings is one of the keys to stable and high rice yields. The traditional rice seedling raising materials are divided into two parts: bed soil and cover soil. Usually a large amount of arable soil is required. Randomly taking soil will increase the consumption of soil resources and destroy the arable layer. Therefore, there is no place to take soil, which becomes a problem for raising rice seedlings.

[0003] In addition, the quality of seedlings in traditional rice seedling cultivation methods is difficult to guarantee, as the soil for seedling beds is mostly taken from fields and is severely affected by pesticides and herbicides. Rice seedling cultivation has strict requirements on bed soil, and water and fertilizer management is complicated, and the prevention and control of pests and diseases is technically high and difficult. If you are not careful, bacterial wilt and damping-off will often occur, leading to the failure of seedling cultivation. This not only wastes manpower and material resources, but may also delay farming time and lead to a reduction in grain production.

[0004] At present, there are products such as rice seedling substrates and substrate sheets on the market, which can reduce the use of cultivated soil, but special nutrient covering soil for rice seedlings still relies on cultivated soil. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a nutrient covering soil specifically for rice seedlings, which can greatly improve the success rate of rice seedlings and the quality of seedlings, and get rid of the dependence of the seedling raising process on cultivated soil. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a special nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, which can provide nutrition for rice seedlings, promote root development, enhance the stress resistance of rice seedlings, prevent and reduce the incidence of seedling diseases, and reduce the dependence on the tillage layer soil during the rice seedling cultivation process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, the nutrient covering soil comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fermentation material, 40-60 parts of dry fine soil, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, and 1-2 parts of synergist; The fermented material is obtained by fermenting crop straw and livestock and poultry excrement with a fermentation agent; The synergist is composed of the following components in weight percentage: 75% to 90% of nutrients, 7% to 20% of acid regulators, 1.5% to 4.5% of bactericides and disinfectants, and 0.5% to 1.8% of growth regulators.

[0007] Furthermore, the fermentation bacteria agent is selected from at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinosa, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Streptomyces jingyangensis, and Streptomyces rubrotinctum.

[0008] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the nutrients are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-15 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 3-5 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of silicon fertilizer, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.02-1.0 parts of boric acid.

[0009] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the acid regulator is prepared by mixing 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and straw biochar in a ratio of 1: (2-3).

[0010] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the fungicide is selected from at least one of metalaxyl, dichlorvos, thiram, carbendazim and potassium permanganate.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the growth regulator is selected from at least one of paclobutrazol, clofosaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide, naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid and abscisic acid.

[0012] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the crop straw has a moisture content of ≤15% and a crushing length of ≤5 cm; the livestock and poultry manure has a moisture content of ≤75%; The mass ratio of the crop straw to livestock and poultry manure is 1:3.

[0013] A method for preparing the above-mentioned nutrient covering soil comprises the following steps: S1. Mix crop straw with livestock and poultry manure, add fermentation agent and mix again, pile and ferment, turn the material when the center temperature reaches 60℃~65℃, and continue to pile and ferment for 25~30 days to complete the initial fermentation; S2. The materials that have completed the initial fermentation are naturally piled for ventilation, turned over every 5 to 7 days, and fermented again for 20 to 25 days to complete the fermentation. At this time, the moisture content of the fermented materials is less than 30%; S3. Screen the fermented material, mix it with dry fine soil, bentonite and vermiculite, then add the synergist and mix evenly again to obtain the nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the overall moisture content of the crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after mixing is 50%~65%; the amount of fermentation agent added is 1‰ of the total mass of the crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after mixing; and the mesh size of the fermented material is 2mm.

[0015] In some specific embodiments, preferably, step S1 also includes appropriately supplementing fermentation bacteria during the turning period to ensure sufficient fermentation.

[0016] The fermented material in the nutrient covering soil prepared by the present invention increases the organic matter content and improves the fertilizer and water retention performance; the dry fine soil is used as the basic carrier, and can be garden soil, red soil, loess, sandy soil, etc., which can be raw or cooked, and the particle size is less than 2mm; bentonite has the effect of water retention and drought resistance.

[0017] The added vermiculite has good ion exchange and adsorption properties, which improves the air permeability and water content of the covering soil, plays a buffering role, and slowly releases nutrients in the medium. In addition, vermiculite can also provide a variety of nutrients such as K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn.

[0018] The added enhancers contain scientifically proportioned nutrients that meet the nutritional needs of rice seedlings during the growth period. They have a high and comprehensive nutrient content and a high nutrient utilization rate during use. They have excellent root promotion, seedling strengthening, greening, and disease resistance effects. Adding an appropriate amount of fungicide can effectively prevent damping-off and bacterial wilt. Growth regulators can make the seedlings short and strong, with a well-developed root system, and enhance their resistance to lodging and stress resistance.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The special rice seedling raising nutrition covering soil of the present invention is used in combination with the rice seedling raising substrate sheet, is suitable for mechanized rice seedling raising, shortens the rice seedling raising process, improves production efficiency, and reduces the cost of rice seedling raising. The main raw materials used are crop straw, livestock and poultry manure and various soils, which can greatly reduce the dependence on the plough layer soil and reduce the damage to the cultivated land. It adopts scientific proportions, has comprehensive nutrient elements, high absorption efficiency, and has the effects of water retention, root promotion, strong seedlings, greening, disease resistance, cold resistance and drought resistance.

[0020] The nutrient covering soil prepared by the present invention is used to cultivate seedlings. After 20 days of cultivation, the seedlings have 2.5-2.7 leaves, a seedling height of 10.98-11.35 cm, a seedling diameter of 0.28-0.31, 9.5-10 white roots, and a weight of 1.82-1.95 g. During this period, the seedlings are healthy without any disease. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention more clearly.

[0022] Example 1 This embodiment provides a special nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, which is specifically prepared as follows: S1. Mix crop straw (water content 10%, broken length ≤ 5 cm) and livestock and poultry manure (water content 72.5%) in a mass ratio of 1:3, add 1‰ of the total mass of the fermented material as fermentation agent and mix again, pile up for fermentation (the pile height is controlled within 2 meters, the pile width is about 2 meters, and the pile length is about 10 meters), turn the material when the center temperature reaches 60°C, and turn the unrotten part to the center (to ensure sufficient fermentation, fermentation agent can be added appropriately during the turning period), and continue to pile for 30 days to complete the initial fermentation; Among them, the fermentation agents used are commercially available products whose indicators all meet the national standard GB 20287-2006 "Agricultural Microbial Agents".

[0023] S2. The materials that have completed the initial fermentation are naturally piled for ventilation, turned over once every 7 days, and fermented again for 25 days to complete the fermentation. At this time, the moisture content of the materials is measured to be 26.5%.

[0024] S3. According to the mass fraction, take 30 parts of the fermented material through a 2 mm fine sieve, mix with 50 parts of dry fine soil, 6 parts of bentonite, and 13 parts of vermiculite, and then add 1 part of the synergist and mix evenly again to obtain the nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation.

[0025] The synergist is composed of 80% nutrients, 15% acidifier, 4% bactericide and 1% growth regulator by weight. The nutrients are composed of ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate, humic acid, silicon fertilizer, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid in a weight ratio of 50:15:5:10:4:10:3:1.5:1:0.5; the acidifier is made of straw biomass charcoal and concentrated sulfuric acid in a weight ratio of 2:1; the bactericide is 10% metalaxyl wettable powder; the growth regulator is paclobutrazol and naphthaleneacetic acid in a weight ratio of 2:1.

[0026] Example 2 This embodiment provides a special nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, which is specifically prepared as follows: S1. Mix crop straw (water content 11%, broken length ≤ 5 cm) and livestock and poultry manure (water content 68%) in a mass ratio of 1:3, add 1‰ of the total mass of the fermented material as fermentation agent and mix again, pile up for fermentation (the pile height is controlled within 2 meters, the pile width is about 2 meters, and the pile length is about 10 meters). When the center temperature reaches 65°C, turn the material and turn the unrotten part to the center (to ensure sufficient fermentation, fermentation agent can be added appropriately during the turning period), and continue to pile for 25 days to complete the initial fermentation; Among them, the fermentation agents used are commercially available products whose indicators all meet the national standard GB 20287-2006 "Agricultural Microbial Agents".

[0027] S2. The materials that have completed the initial fermentation are naturally piled for ventilation, turned over once every 5 days, and fermented again for 20 days to complete the fermentation. At this time, the moisture content of the materials is measured to be 29%.

[0028] S3. According to the mass fraction, take 25 parts of the fermented material through a 2 mm fine sieve, 55 parts of dry fine soil, 6.5 parts of bentonite, and 12 parts of vermiculite, and then add 1.5 parts of the synergist and mix evenly again to obtain the nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation.

[0029] The synergist is composed of 78% nutrients, 18% acidifier, 3% bactericide and 1% growth regulator by weight. The nutrients are composed of ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate, humic acid, silicon fertilizer, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid in a weight ratio of 40:15:10:15:5:8:3:2:1:1; the acidifier is made of straw biomass charcoal and concentrated sulfuric acid in a weight ratio of 2.5:1; the bactericide is composed of 10% metalaxyl wettable powder and potassium permanganate in a weight ratio of 1:0.5; the growth regulator is composed of paclobutrazol, naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid in a weight ratio of 2:0.5:0.5.

[0030] Example 3 This embodiment provides a special nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, which is specifically prepared as follows: S1. Mix crop straw (water content 8%, broken length ≤ 5 cm) and livestock and poultry manure (water content 73%) in a mass ratio of 1:3, add 1‰ of the total mass of the fermented material as fermentation agent and mix again, pile up for fermentation (the pile height is controlled within 2 meters, the pile width is about 2 meters, and the pile length is about 10 meters). When the center temperature reaches 65°C, turn the material and turn the unrotten part to the center (to ensure sufficient fermentation, fermentation agent can be added appropriately during the turning period), and continue to pile for 28 days to complete the initial fermentation; Among them, the fermentation agents used are commercially available products whose indicators all meet the national standard GB 20287-2006 "Agricultural Microbial Agents".

[0031] S2. The materials that have completed the initial fermentation are naturally piled for ventilation, turned over once every 5 days, and fermented again for 22 days to complete the fermentation. At this time, the moisture content of the materials is measured to be 28%.

[0032] S3. According to the mass fraction, take 25 parts of the fermented material through a 2 mm fine sieve, 55 parts of dry fine soil, 6.5 parts of bentonite, and 12 parts of vermiculite, and then add 1.5 parts of the synergist and mix evenly again to obtain the nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation.

[0033] The synergist is composed of 78% nutrients, 18% acidifier, 3% bactericide and 1% growth regulator by weight. The nutrients are composed of ammonium sulfate, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium nitrate, humic acid, silicon fertilizer, zinc sulfate, ferrous sulfate and boric acid in a weight ratio of 45:12:8:15:4:10:3:2:0.5:0.5; the acidifier is composed of straw biochar and concentrated sulfuric acid in a weight ratio of 2.5:1; the bactericide is composed of 10% metalaxyl wettable powder and potassium permanganate in a mass ratio of 1:0.6; the growth regulator is paclobutrazol.

[0034] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a special nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, which is prepared according to the following method: commercially available organic fertilizer that meets the NY / T 525-2021 "Organic Fertilizer" standard and dry fine garden soil are mixed in a mass ratio of 3:7, without adding any nutrients, growth regulators, or acid regulators.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 The comparative example provides a special nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, which is prepared according to the following method: using farmland surface planting soil, after crushing, 5-10 mesh (for example, 7 mesh) screening, and carbendazim disinfection treatment as rice seedling cultivation covering soil.

[0036] Furthermore, the physical and chemical properties of the nutrient covering soil prepared by the present invention are observed and tested. In terms of physical properties, the nutrient covering soil prepared by the present invention has no obvious unrotten straw material, is dark brown, has no obvious odor (or has a humus smell), has a moisture content of 10% to 20%, and does not clump or agglomerate. In terms of chemical properties, it is rich in N, P, K and appropriate trace elements, organic matter>10%, pH value is weakly acidic 5 to 6, heavy metals do not exceed the standard, and it is non-toxic and has no side effects.

[0037] Furthermore, in order to understand the effect of the above-prepared nutrient covering soil on cultivating seedlings, the following experiments were also conducted: Put the prepared seedling substrate sheets or "bed soil" into the seedling tray as required, evenly sprinkle the soaked and germinated rice seeds (80g of seeds per tray), then evenly spread the above-prepared rice seedling nutrient covering soil on the rice seeds, the covering thickness should be 0.3~0.5 cm, and then water it thoroughly.

[0038] The above-mentioned rice seedling nutrient covering soil was tested by the following experiments: Table 1 Effects of various nutrient covering soils on rice seedlings

[0039] It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the nutrient covering soil prepared by the present invention can better promote rice seedling emergence and seedling root growth within the same cultivation time, and has better seedling strengthening, stress resistance and disease resistance effects; and no fertilizer is required during the growth process, and seedling management is simpler.

[0040] Other raw materials or structures not specifically described in the present invention already exist in the prior art and can be directly purchased from the market.

[0041] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nutrient covering soil for rice seedling cultivation, characterized in that: The nutrient covering soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of fermentation material, 40-60 parts of dry fine soil, 5-10 parts of bentonite, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, and 1-2 parts of synergist; The fermented material is obtained by fermenting crop straw and livestock and poultry excrement with a fermentation agent; The synergist is composed of the following components in weight percentage: 75% to 90% of nutrients, 7% to 20% of acid regulators, 1.5% to 4.5% of bactericides and disinfectants, and 0.5% to 1.8% of growth regulators.

2. The nutritional covering soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation bacteria agent is selected from at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, Streptomyces jingyangensis, and Streptomyces rubroflavinus.

3. The nutritional covering soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrients are composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10-15 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 3-5 parts of silicon fertilizer, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 0.02-1.0 parts of boric acid.

4. The nutritional covering soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acid regulator is prepared by mixing 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and straw biomass charcoal in a ratio of 1: (2-3).

5. The nutritional covering soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bactericide is selected from at least one of metalaxyl, dichlorvos, thiram, carbendazim and potassium permanganate.

6. The nutritional covering soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth regulator is selected from at least one of paclobutrazol, clobutrazol, chitosan oligosaccharide, naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid and abscisic acid.

7. The nutritional covering soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the crop straw is ≤15%, and the crushing length is ≤5cm; the moisture content of the livestock and poultry manure is ≤75%; The mass ratio of the crop straw to livestock and poultry manure is 1:

3.

8. A method for preparing the nutritional cover soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mix crop straw with livestock and poultry manure, add fermentation agent and mix again, pile and ferment, turn the pile when the center temperature reaches 60℃~65℃, and continue to pile and ferment for 25~30 days to complete the initial fermentation; S2. The materials that have completed the initial fermentation are naturally piled for ventilation, turned over every 5 to 7 days, and fermented again for 20 to 25 days to complete the fermentation. At this time, the moisture content of the fermented materials is less than 30%; S3. The fermented material is sieved and mixed with dry fine soil, bentonite and vermiculite, and then a synergist is added and mixed evenly again to obtain a nutrient covering soil specially used for rice seedling cultivation.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The overall moisture content of crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after mixing is 50%~65%; the amount of fermentation agent added is 1‰ of the total mass of crop straw and livestock and poultry manure after mixing; the mesh size of the fermented material is 2mm.

10. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S1 also includes appropriately supplementing fermentation bacteria during the compost turning period to ensure sufficient fermentation.

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