Distraction device special for sinus sigmoideus posterior approach

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of neurosurgical operating instruments, in particular to a dilator special for a sinus sigmoideus posterior approach, which comprises two forceps handles hinged to each other, handles are arranged at the tails of the forceps handles, the widths of the two forceps handles are gradually increased forwards from the hinged position, flaring parts are formed, straight rod parts are arranged at the far ends of the flaring parts of the forceps handles, and the straight rod parts are bent downwards. The straight rod part, the handle and the flaring part are arranged at an included angle; an opening claw is arranged at the tail end of the straight rod part, and a locking piece is arranged on the handle. According to the invention, the distraction range of extracranial soft tissue of the posterior approach of the sinus sigmoideus and the exposure range of a bone window can be increased, meanwhile, the distraction height of the extracranial soft tissue is reduced, and a deep part operation is changed into a superficial part operation. In the invention, the straight rod part and the handle are designed to form the 150-degree angle, so that the straight rod part and the handle can be just matched with the curved surface of the head, the shielding of the distraction device on the light of the microscope and the obstruction of microsurgical instruments entering and exiting from the surgical path are avoided, and the degree of freedom of the surgery is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of neurosurgery instruments, in particular to a special expander for retrosigmoid sinus approach. Background Art

[0002] In neurosurgery, the skull base surgery site is usually deep and has important blood vessels and nerves, so the surgical risk is generally high and the surgery is difficult. Exposure is very important in skull base surgery. Sufficient exposure can effectively improve the doctor's surgical field of view, which is crucial for removing tumors and protecting important tissue structures.

[0003] The retrosigmoid approach is one of the most commonly used and main surgical approaches to the posterior skull base. The incision of the retrosigmoid approach is behind the ear and occipital neck. The extracranial soft tissues in this area, especially the muscles, are thick. After the extracranial soft tissues are cut, a spreader is needed to spread the soft tissues to fully expose the incision.

[0004] The existing conventional mastoid spreader has the following problems when spreading the extracranial soft tissue: 1. The scope of the spread extracranial soft tissue and the exposed bone window is relatively small. For conventional microvascular decompression surgery, the small exposure range has little effect on the surgery. However, for posterior skull base cerebellopontine angle tumors, especially larger tumors, the spread of the extracranial soft tissue and the exposed bone window are poor, which will lead to poor exposure of deep intracranial structures and lesions, adding additional difficulty to deep surgical operations and increasing the risk of surgical side effects. 2. Conventional mastoid spreaders are set horizontally, which makes the joints easy to tilt, increasing the height of the extracranial soft tissue, turning the ideal shallow bowl-shaped field of view into a deep cup-shaped field of view, increasing the depth and difficulty of the surgical operation, and the tilted joints will also hinder the microscope light field of view and the microsurgical instruments entering and exiting the surgical path, reducing the degree of freedom of the operation.

[0005] In order to solve the above deficiencies, increase the scope of extracranial soft tissue distraction and bone window exposure through the retrosigmoid approach, reduce the height of extracranial soft tissue distraction, change deep surgery to shallow surgery, and increase surgical freedom, it is necessary to design a special distractor for the retrosigmoid approach. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a special expander for retrosigmoid approach, which increases the expansion range of extracranial soft tissue and the exposure range of bone window through retrosigmoid approach by optimizing the expander structure, while reducing the expansion height of extracranial soft tissue, turning deep surgery into shallow surgery, reducing the expander's obstruction to the microscope's light field and the obstruction of microsurgical instruments entering and exiting the surgical path, and increasing the degree of freedom of surgery.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A special dilator for posterior sigmoid sinus approach, comprising two mutually hinged clamp handles, a handle is provided at the tail of the clamp handle, the width of the two clamp handles gradually increases from the hinge to the front to form a flared portion, the clamp handle is provided with a straight rod portion at the distal end of the flared portion, the two straight rod portions are arranged opposite to each other to form a jaw, and the straight rod portion is bent downward, so that the straight rod portion is arranged at an angle with the handle and the flared portion;

[0009] The spreader is adapted to the curve of the head when in use, so that the handle and the jaws are placed at corresponding positions on the head and fit the scalp;

[0010] The end of the straight rod portion is provided with a spreading claw, and the handle is provided with a locking piece.

[0011] As an improvement, the straight rod portion adopts an inward-retracting design. When the handle is opened, the ends of the straight rod portion are retracted; when the handle is stretched to the maximum, the two straight rod portions are arranged in parallel.

[0012] As an improvement, a plurality of teeth are provided on each of the two spreading claws.

[0013] As an improvement, the locking member includes a locking handle and a push rod;

[0014] The locking handle is hinged to one side of the handle, and the handle on the opposite side is provided with a through hole, and the locking handle passes through the through hole and extends to the outside of the handle on the opposite side;

[0015] The locking handle is provided with a toothed portion, and the through hole is provided with a clamping portion clamped with the toothed portion; the push rod pushes the locking handle to press the toothed portion onto the clamping portion.

[0016] As an improvement, the locking handle is provided with a slot near the hinged position of the handle;

[0017] The push rod is made of elastic metal material, the rear end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the handle, the front end is set at an angle with the handle, and is clamped in the clamping slot to provide thrust for locking the handle.

[0018] As an improvement, the spreading claw is rotatably connected to the end of the clamp rod.

[0019] As an improvement, the front end of the straight rod portion is bent downward to form a bent portion;

[0020] A connecting seat is provided at the top of the spreading claw, a plurality of teeth are provided on the connecting seat, a sleeve is provided at the middle position of the connecting seat, and the sleeve is sleeved on the bending portion and is rotatably connected with the bending portion.

[0021] As an improvement, the connecting seat is arranged in an arc shape.

[0022] As an improvement, the top and bottom of the bending portion are provided with thickened portions;

[0023] The top and bottom of the sleeve are provided with flared parts cooperating with the thickened part; the spreading claws rely on the cooperation of the thickened part and the flared part to keep the spreading claws fixed up and down, so that the spreading claws can only rotate around the bending part.

[0024] As an improvement, the included angle between the straight rod portion and the handle is 140-160°.

[0025] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0026] The present invention can increase the scope of extracranial soft tissue expansion and bone window exposure through the retrosigmoid approach, while reducing the height of extracranial soft tissue expansion, and changing deep surgery to shallow surgery. In the present invention, the straight rod and the handle are designed at an angle of 150 degrees, which can just match the curved surface of the head, avoiding the expansion device blocking the microscope light and the obstruction of the microsurgical instruments entering and exiting the surgical path, thereby increasing the degree of freedom of surgery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a special expander for retrosigmoid sinus approach in Example 1.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a reference diagram of the usage status of a special expander for retrosigmoid sinus approach in Example 1.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a special expander for retrosigmoid approach in Example 1 when it is closed.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a special expander for retrosigmoid approach in Example 1 after expansion.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the push rod in a special expander for retrosigmoid sinus approach in Example 1.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the distraction claws of a distractor specifically used for retrosigmoid sinus approach in Example 1.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a special expander for retrosigmoid sinus approach in Example 2.

[0034] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the distraction claws of a distractor specifically used for retrosigmoid sinus approach in Example 2.

[0035] Fig. 9 This is an assembly diagram of the distraction claws of a distractor specifically used for retrosigmoid sinus approach in Example 2.

[0036] Indicated in the figure:

[0037] 1-pliers handle, 2-handle, 3-flared portion, 4-straight rod portion, 41-bending portion, 42-thickened portion, 5-opening claw, 51-hook portion, 52-connecting seat, 53-sleeve, 54-flared portion, 6-locking piece, 61-locking handle, 62-push rod, 63-tooth portion, 64-slot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The present embodiment discloses a special dilator for posterior sigmoid sinus approach, comprising two mutually hinged clamp handles 1, a handle 2 being provided at the tail of the clamp handle 1, the width of the two clamp handles 2 gradually increasing from the hinge forward to form a flared portion 3, the clamp handle 1 is provided with a straight rod portion 4 at the distal end of the flared portion 3, the two straight rod portions 4 are arranged opposite to each other to form a jaw 5, and the straight rod portion 4 is bent downward so that the straight rod portion 4 is arranged at an angle with the handle 2 and the flared portion 3.

[0041] The included angle among the straight rod portion 4, the handle 2 and the flared portion 3 is about 150°, which can just match the curved surface of the head, so that the handle 2 and the jaws 4 are placed in close contact with the scalp at the corresponding positions of the head, avoiding local warping of the spreader during expansion, avoiding an increase in the height of the extracranial soft tissue, and thus avoiding the problem of the increased height obstructing the field of view of the microscope light.

[0042] An opening claw 5 is provided at the end of the straight rod portion 4 , and a locking piece 6 is provided on the handle 2 .

[0043] The straight rod portion 4 adopts an inward-retracting design. When the handle 2 is opened, the end of the straight rod portion 4 is retracted; when the handle 2 is expanded to the maximum, the two straight rod portions 4 are arranged in parallel. The parallel arrangement can ensure the stability of the device while expanding the soft tissue at the incision to the greatest extent, providing a good field of view for surgery.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, both of the two opening claws 5 adopt a four-tooth structure. The opening claw 5 is provided with a hook portion 51 with an opening facing outward, which can effectively fix the soft tissue. At the same time, the end of the hook portion 51 is passivated to reduce damage to the soft tissue. In clinical applications, the number of teeth of the two opening claws can also be four on the left and three on the right, or three on the left and four on the right. If necessary, due to the thicker muscles behind the ear, the number of teeth on the corresponding side behind the ear can also be increased to five teeth.

[0045] The locking member 6 comprises a locking handle 61 and a push rod 62. The locking handle 61 is hinged to the handle 2 on one side, and a through hole is provided at the handle 2 on the opposite side, and the locking handle 61 passes through the through hole and extends to the outside of the handle 2 on the opposite side.

[0046] The locking handle 61 is provided with a tooth portion 63, and a clamping portion that is clamped with the tooth portion 63 is provided in the through hole; the push rod 62 pushes the locking handle 61 to press the tooth portion 63 onto the clamping portion. The locking handle 61 is provided with a clamping groove 64 near the hinged position with the handle 2; the push rod 62 is made of elastic metal material, the rear end of the push rod 62 is fixedly connected to the handle 2, and the front end is set at an angle with the handle 2 and clamped in the clamping groove 64 to provide thrust for the locking handle 61.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment provides a special expander for retrosigmoid approach.

[0049] In this embodiment, the front end of the straight rod portion 4 is bent downward to form a bent portion 41 .

[0050] A connecting seat 52 is provided at the top of the opening claw 5 , and four teeth are provided on the connecting seat 52 . A sleeve 53 is provided in the middle of the connecting seat 51 , and the sleeve 53 is sleeved on the bending portion 41 and is rotatably connected to the bending portion 41 .

[0051] The connecting seat 51 is arranged in an arc shape, so that the teeth can be arranged in an arc shape, thereby expanding the incision as much as possible while reducing damage to the incision tissue.

[0052] The top and bottom of the bending portion 41 are provided with a thickened portion 42; the top and bottom of the sleeve 53 are provided with a flared portion 54 that cooperates with the thickened portion 42; the opening claw 5 relies on the cooperation of the thickened portion 42 and the flared portion 54 to limit the opening claw 5 to prevent the opening claw 5 from moving up and down, so that the opening claw 5 can only rotate around the bending portion 41.

[0053] The other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the spreading claw 5 is rotatably connected to the bending portion 41, and can be adaptively rotated according to the shape of the soft tissue when spreading the soft tissue, thereby dispersing stress and preventing the spreading claw 5 from exerting greater pressure on the soft tissue locally.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special retractor for retrosigmoid sinus approach, comprising two mutually hinged clamp handles, wherein the tail of the clamp handles is provided with a handle, characterized in that: The width of the two pliers handles gradually increases from the hinged position to the front to form a flared portion, and the pliers handles are provided with a straight rod portion at the distal end of the flared portion, and the two straight rod portions are arranged opposite to each other to form a jaw, and the straight rod portions are bent downward, so that the straight rod portions are arranged at an angle with the handles and the flared portion; The spreader is adapted to the curve of the head when in use, so that the handle and the jaws are placed at corresponding positions on the head and fit the scalp; The end of the straight rod portion is provided with a spreading claw, and the handle is provided with a locking piece.

2. The retrosigmoid approach-specific expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straight rod portion adopts an inward-retracting design. When the handle is opened, the ends of the straight rod portion are retracted; when the handle is stretched to the maximum, the two straight rod portions are arranged in parallel.

3. The retrosigmoid approach-specific expander according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of teeth are arranged on the two spreading claws.

4. The retrosigmoid sinus approach-specific expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking member comprises a locking handle and a push rod; The locking handle is hinged to one side of the handle, and the handle on the opposite side is provided with a through hole, and the locking handle passes through the through hole and extends to the outside of the handle on the opposite side; The locking handle is provided with a toothed portion, and the through hole is provided with a clamping portion clamped with the toothed portion; the push rod pushes the locking handle to press the toothed portion onto the clamping portion.

5. The retrosigmoid approach-specific expander according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking handle is provided with a slot near the hinged position of the handle; The push rod is made of elastic metal material, the rear end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the handle, the front end is set at an angle with the handle, and is clamped in the clamping slot to provide thrust for locking the handle.

6. The retrosigmoid approach-specific expander according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spreading claw is rotatably connected to the end of the clamp rod.

7. The retrosigmoid approach-specific expander according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front end of the straight rod portion is bent downward to form a bent portion; A connecting seat is provided at the top of the spreading claw, a plurality of teeth are provided on the connecting seat, a sleeve is provided at the middle position of the connecting seat, and the sleeve is sleeved on the bending portion and is rotatably connected with the bending portion.

8. The retrosigmoid approach-specific expander according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting seat is arranged in an arc shape.

9. The retrosigmoid sinus approach-specific expander according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top and bottom of the bending portion are provided with thickened portions; The top and bottom of the sleeve are provided with flared parts cooperating with the thickened part; the spreading claws rely on the cooperation of the thickened part and the flared part to keep the spreading claws fixed up and down, so that the spreading claws can only rotate around the bending part.

10. The retrosigmoid approach-specific expander according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between the straight rod portion and the handle is 140-160°.

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