A method for processing fresh flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for processing fresh Chinese medicinal materials of mosaic and leaf type, and the processing method comprises the steps of picking, impurity removal, combined drying, cooling, color sorting and packaging. The processing method of the invention avoids repeated operations through early impurity removal and later drying, which not only saves material and manpower, but also effectively prevents the loss of effective ingredients before secondary processing, resulting in the problem of decreased medicinal material quality, thereby being conducive to improving the quality of mosaic and leaf type Chinese medicinal materials, so as to meet the use requirements of mosaic and leaf type Chinese medicinal materials, and is conducive to greatly improving the production efficiency of mosaic and leaf type Chinese medicinal materials, not only providing a theoretical basis for the drying of mosaic and leaf type Chinese medicinal materials, but also providing technical support and reference methods for the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials, and is suitable for promotion and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of processing of Chinese medicinal materials at the origin, and in particular to a method for processing fresh flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials. Background Art

[0002] Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal pieces and Chinese patent medicines are the three pillars of the Chinese medicine industry. Among them, flower and leaf Chinese herbal medicines also account for a very large proportion of Chinese medicines. This type of herbal medicine refers to a type of herbal medicine with leaves or flowers as the medicinal part in Chinese medicine, which is often used in preparations such as Chinese herbal pieces, Chinese herbal granules and Chinese herbal tea. The processing method for flower and leaf Chinese herbal medicines is drying. At present, it is mainly divided into simple natural drying and factory processing. Natural drying is mainly for some small workshops and farmers' self-production. For this processing method, it is easy to cause more impurities in flower and leaf Chinese herbal medicines and unstable quality. For factory processing, compared with natural drying, its quality is more stable. However, after the flower and leaf Chinese herbal medicines are harvested from the field, they are naturally dried in the early stage, packaged for storage and transportation, and finally transported to the Chinese herbal medicine processing enterprises. They need to be unpacked and dried. For volatile flower and leaf Chinese herbal medicines, it is easy to cause the loss of some medicinal ingredients, which will have a significant impact on their market value and medicinal value.

[0003] Processing while fresh at the place of origin means processing fresh Chinese medicinal materials at the place of origin, which can avoid enzymatic hydrolysis and hydrolysis of effective ingredients, and can also prevent Chinese medicines from rotting and deteriorating during storage and transportation. At the same time, it can save material and manpower and is conducive to improving the quality of Chinese medicinal pieces. Processing while fresh at the place of origin is the future development direction of Chinese medicinal material processing.

[0004] The existing natural drying method for flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also involves repeated processes, thereby increasing the production cost of subsequent Chinese medicinal pieces. During this processing, some water-soluble active ingredients in the Chinese medicinal materials are lost. At the same time, as time goes by, they are prone to mildew, and the content of their active ingredients will show a downward trend, resulting in a decline in the quality of the medicinal materials and a reduction in clinical efficacy. In order to meet the primary processing requirements of the production area of ​​flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials, and to prevent the secondary processing process from not only wasting labor costs and resource costs, but also easily causing a reduction in active ingredients, affecting the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, and finally causing the problem of unqualified quality of Chinese medicinal materials, a processing method different from that disclosed in the prior art is provided to meet the use requirements of flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an easy-to-operate processing method in response to the problems existing in the background technology. The processing method can not only meet the primary processing requirements of the production area and save material and manpower, but also prevent the loss of effective ingredients before secondary processing and the deterioration of medicinal material quality, thereby helping to improve the quality of floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials so as to meet the use requirements of floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials. Specifically, it is a method for processing floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials while they are fresh.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for processing fresh flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials, the processing method comprising the following steps: S1. Picking: When the flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials enter the harvest period, start picking. When picking, pick and place gently to avoid squeezing, and use ventilated baskets or baskets to hold them; S2. Impurity removal: impurity removal of the flowers and leaves picked in step S1, removing branches and leaves, impurities and inferior Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves, and preliminarily sorting the flowers and leaves of Chinese medicinal materials after impurity removal, sorting them into flowers with branches and leaves and flowers without branches and leaves; S3. Combined drying: The flowers and leaves after the impurities removal in step S2, the flowers with branches and leaves and the flowers without branches and leaves are spread on a tray with a mesh, and are dried by a steam-hot air combination drying method, the steam temperature is 110-135°C, the steam drying time is 5-15 minutes, the hot air temperature is 35-75°C, and the hot air drying time is 4-8 hours; S4 Cooling: Step S3 combined drying of Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves in a cool place to cool naturally; S5. Color sorting: Use manual or color sorting machine to select high-quality and ordinary Chinese herbal medicine flowers and leaves; S6. Packaging: Separately package the high-quality and ordinary Chinese medicinal flowers and leaves after color sorting.

[0007] Furthermore, a method for processing fresh Chinese medicinal materials with flowers and leaves described in the present invention is adopted. In the impurity removal process in step S2, the impurity removal methods include air separation and manual selection, and the air separation conditions are: hot air with a temperature of 35-45°C is used for air separation and impurity removal, the wind speed is 3-5 levels, and the blowing time is 20-40 minutes; after air separation, branches, leaves, impurities and inferior Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves are removed by manual selection, and finally the Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves after impurity removal are sorted into flowers with branches and leaves and flowers without branches and leaves.

[0008] Furthermore, using the method for processing fresh flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials described in the present invention, in the combined drying process of step S3, the flower and leaf spread on the tray with mesh holes is spread to a thickness of 3 to 5 cm.

[0009] Furthermore, using the method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials described in the present invention, in the combined drying process of step S3, in the steam drying stage, a condenser is used to collect water vapor generated in the steam drying process, condensed water is obtained by condensation, and then the condensed water is concentrated to 20-30% of its total weight to obtain a concentrated solution, and finally the obtained concentrated solution is sprayed on the surface of the floral and leaf in the hot air drying stage.

[0010] Furthermore, a method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials described in the present invention is adopted. In the combined drying process of step S3, the hot air drying is a staged hot air circulation drying, which includes three stages, namely, first stage drying, second stage drying and third stage drying. The temperature of the first stage drying is controlled at 45-50°C, and the drying time is 0.5-1.5 hours; the temperature of the second stage drying is controlled at 65-75°C, and the drying time is 1.5-2.5 hours, until the moisture content is 30-40%; and the temperature of the third stage drying is controlled at 35-45°C, and the drying time is 2-3 hours, until the moisture content is 8-12%.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the method for processing fresh Chinese medicinal materials of mosaic and leaf type described in the present invention has the following beneficial effects: through the early stage of impurity removal treatment, the impurities in the Chinese medicinal materials can be effectively reduced to stabilize their quality; and in the later drying process, a combined drying method is adopted, and the use of steam is beneficial to retaining various active ingredients in the mosaic and leaf Chinese medicinal materials. At the same time, the condensed water collected in the steam drying process is concentrated and sprayed on the surface of the flowers and leaves in the hot air drying stage, which can improve the uniformity of the component content of the mosaic and leaf Chinese medicinal materials and avoid the loss of medicinal ingredients in the drying process. In addition, in the hot air drying stage, a staged hot air circulation drying method is adopted to avoid excessive temperature fluctuations, so as not to affect the color and active ingredients of the mosaic and leaf Chinese medicinal materials, and effectively prevent the problem of quality degradation due to excessive temperature.

[0012] It can be seen that the processing method of the present invention avoids repeated operations through the early impurity removal treatment and the later drying treatment, which not only saves material and manpower, but also effectively prevents the loss of effective ingredients before secondary processing and the deterioration of medicinal material quality, thereby helping to improve the quality of mosaic and leaf Chinese medicinal materials so as to meet the use requirements of mosaic and leaf Chinese medicinal materials. For mosaic and leaf Chinese medicinal materials, it is beneficial to greatly improve their production efficiency, not only provides a theoretical basis for the drying treatment of mosaic and leaf Chinese medicinal materials, but also provides technical support and reference methods for the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials, and is suitable for promotion and use. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present invention.

[0014] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0015] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the specific embodiments of the present specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention will be apparent to the technician. The present specification and examples are exemplary only.

[0016] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to. Example 1

[0017] This embodiment provides a method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials, wherein the floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials are honeysuckle, and the processing method comprises the steps of picking, removing impurities, combined drying, cooling, color sorting and packaging, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Picking: When the honeysuckle flowers enter the harvest period, start picking. When picking, pick and place gently to avoid squeezing, and use ventilated baskets or baskets to hold them; S2. Impurity removal: impurities are removed from the flowers and leaves picked in step S1, and the impurity removal method includes air selection and manual selection. The air selection conditions are: hot air with a temperature of 35 to 45°C is used for air selection and impurity removal, the wind speed is level 5, and the blowing time is 20 minutes; after air selection, branches, leaves, impurities and inferior honeysuckle flowers and leaves are removed by manual selection, and finally the honeysuckle flowers and leaves after impurities removal are sorted into flowers with branches and leaves and flowers without branches and leaves; S3. Combined drying: Spread the flowers and leaves after the impurities are removed in step S2, and the flowers with branches and leaves and the flowers without branches and leaves are spread on a tray with mesh holes, with a spreading thickness of 3 to 5 cm; respectively adopt a steam-hot air combined drying method for drying, and the specific drying method is to first adopt steam drying, the steam temperature is 110 to 120 ° C, the steam drying time is 10 to 15 minutes, and in the steam drying stage, a condenser is used to collect the water vapor generated in the steam drying process, and condensed water is obtained by condensation, and then the condensed water is concentrated to 20 to 30% of its total weight to obtain a concentrated solution; then hot air drying is adopted, and the hot air drying is staged Hot air circulation drying includes three stages, namely, first stage drying, second stage drying and third stage drying. The temperature of the first stage drying is controlled at 45-50°C, and the drying time is 30-60 minutes. At the same time, during the first stage drying process, the concentrated liquid obtained needs to be sprayed on the surface of the flowers and leaves in the hot air drying stage; the temperature of the second stage drying is controlled at 65-75°C, and the drying time is 90-120 minutes, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 30-40%; and the temperature of the third stage drying is controlled at 35-45°C, and the drying time is 120-150 minutes, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 8-12%; S4 cooling: Step S3 combined drying honeysuckle flowers and leaves in a cool place to cool naturally; S5. Color sorting: Use manual or color sorting machine to select high-quality and ordinary honeysuckle flowers and leaves; S6. Packaging: The high-quality and ordinary honeysuckle flowers and leaves after color sorting are packaged separately. Example 2

[0018] This embodiment provides a method for processing fresh Chinese medicinal materials of flowers and leaves, wherein the Chinese medicinal materials of flowers and leaves are Gynostemma pentaphyllum, and the processing method comprises the steps of picking, removing impurities, combined drying, cooling, color sorting and packaging, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Picking: When the Gynostemma pentaphyllum enters the harvest period, start picking. When picking, pick and place gently to avoid squeezing, and use ventilated baskets or baskets to hold them; S2. Impurity removal: The flowers and leaves picked in step S1 are impurity removed, and the impurity removal methods include air selection and manual selection, and the air selection conditions are: using hot air at a temperature of 35 to 45 ° C for air selection and impurity removal, the wind speed is level 4, and the blowing time is 30 minutes; after air selection, branches, impurities and inferior Gynostemma pentaphyllum flowers and leaves are removed by manual selection, and finally the impurity-removed Gynostemma pentaphyllum flowers and leaves are sorted into flowers with branches and leaves and flowers without branches and leaves; S3. Combined drying: Spread the flowers and leaves after the impurities are removed in step S2, and the flowers with branches and leaves and the flowers without branches and leaves are respectively spread on a tray with mesh holes, with a spreading thickness of 3 to 5 cm; respectively adopt a steam-hot air combined drying method for drying, and the specific drying method is to first adopt steam drying, the steam temperature is 125 to 135 ° C, the steam drying time is 5 to 10 minutes, and in the steam drying stage, a condenser is used to collect the water vapor generated in the steam drying process, and condensed water is obtained by condensation, and then the condensed water is concentrated to 20 to 30% of its total weight to obtain a concentrated solution; then hot air drying is adopted, and the hot air drying is a staged hot air drying. Wind circulation drying includes three stages, namely, first stage drying, second stage drying and third stage drying. The temperature of the first stage drying is controlled at 45-50°C, and the drying time is 50-80 minutes. At the same time, during the first stage drying process, the concentrated liquid obtained needs to be sprayed on the surface of the flowers and leaves in the hot air drying stage; the temperature of the second stage drying is controlled at 65-75°C, and the drying time is 110-130 minutes, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 30-40%; and the temperature of the third stage drying is controlled at 35-45°C, and the drying time is 140-160 minutes, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 8-12%; S4 Cooling: Step S3 combined drying of Gynostemma flowers and leaves in a cool place to cool naturally; S5. Color sorting: Use manual or color sorting machine to select high-quality and ordinary Gynostemma pentaphyllum flowers and leaves; S6. Packaging: The high-quality and ordinary Gynostemma pentaphyllum flowers and leaves after color sorting are packaged separately. Example 3

[0019] This embodiment provides a method for processing fresh leafy Chinese medicinal materials, wherein the leafy Chinese medicinal materials are saxifrage, and the processing method comprises the steps of picking, removing impurities, combined drying, cooling, color sorting and packaging, and the specific steps are as follows: S1. Picking: When the saxifrage enters the harvest period, start picking. When picking, pick and place gently to avoid squeezing, and use ventilated baskets or baskets to hold them; S2. Impurity removal: impurities are removed from the flowers and leaves picked in step S1, and the impurity removal method includes air selection and manual selection, and the air selection conditions are: hot air with a temperature of 35 to 45°C is used for air selection and impurity removal, the wind speed is level 3, and the blowing time is 40 minutes; after air selection, branches and leaves, impurities and inferior saxifrage flowers and leaves are removed by manual selection, and finally the saxifrage flowers and leaves after impurities removal are sorted into flowers with branches and leaves and flowers without branches and leaves; S3. Combined drying: The flowers and leaves after the impurities removal in step S2, the flowers with branches and leaves and the flowers without branches and leaves are spread on a tray with a mesh, and are dried by a steam-hot air combination drying method, the steam temperature is 110-135°C, the steam drying time is 5-15 minutes, the hot air temperature is 35-75°C, and the hot air drying time is 4-8 hours; The spreading thickness is 3 to 5 cm; the steam-hot air combined drying method is used for drying treatment, and the specific drying method is to first use steam drying treatment, the steam temperature is 115 to 125°C, and the steam drying time is 8 to 12 minutes. In the steam drying stage, a condenser is used to collect the water vapor generated in the steam drying process, and condensed water is obtained by condensation, and then the condensed water is concentrated to 20 to 30% of its total weight to obtain a concentrated liquid; then hot air drying treatment is used, and the hot air drying is a staged hot air circulation drying, including three stages, namely, the first stage drying, The second stage of drying and the third stage of drying, wherein the temperature of the first stage of drying is controlled at 45-50°C, and the drying time is 60-90 minutes. At the same time, during the first stage of drying, the concentrated liquid obtained needs to be sprayed on the surface of the flowers and leaves in the hot air drying stage; the temperature of the second stage of drying is controlled at 65-75°C, and the drying time is 120-150 minutes, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 30-40%; and the temperature of the third stage of drying is controlled at 35-45°C, and the drying time is 150-180 minutes, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 8-12%; S4 cooling: the step S3 combination of drying saxifrage flowers and leaves in a cool place to cool naturally; S5. Color sorting: Use manual or color sorting machine to select high-quality and ordinary saxifrage flowers and leaves; S6. Packaging: Separately pack the high-quality and ordinary Saxifrage flowers and leaves after color sorting.

[0020] The processing methods described in Examples 1 to 3 are respectively described by taking honeysuckle, Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Saxifraga as examples. In the specific implementation process, the impurities in the Chinese medicinal materials can be effectively reduced through the early impurity removal treatment, so that the quality of the Chinese medicinal materials is stable; and in the later drying process, a combined drying method is adopted, and steam and hot air are used in combination for drying. The use of steam is beneficial to retaining various active ingredients in the flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials. At the same time, the condensed water collected during the steam drying process is concentrated and sprayed on the surface of the flowers and leaves in the hot air drying stage. This can improve the uniformity of the content of the ingredients in the flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials and avoid the loss of medicinal ingredients during the drying process. In addition, in the hot air drying stage, a staged hot air circulation drying method is adopted to avoid excessive temperature fluctuations, so as not to affect the color and active ingredients of the flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials, and effectively prevent the quality degradation problem caused by excessive temperature.

[0021] Other aspects of the present invention that are not described in detail are all conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0022] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials, characterized in that: The processing method comprises the following steps: S1. Picking: When the flower and leaf Chinese medicinal materials enter the harvest period, start picking. When picking, pick and place gently to avoid squeezing, and use ventilated baskets or baskets to hold them; S2. Impurity removal: impurity removal of the flowers and leaves picked in step S1, removing branches and leaves, impurities and inferior Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves, and preliminarily sorting the flowers and leaves of Chinese medicinal materials after impurity removal, sorting them into flowers with branches and leaves and flowers without branches and leaves; S3. Combined drying: The flowers and leaves after the impurities removal in step S2, the flowers with branches and leaves and the flowers without branches and leaves are spread on a tray with a mesh, and are dried by a steam-hot air combination drying method, the steam temperature is 110-135°C, the steam drying time is 5-15 minutes, the hot air temperature is 35-75°C, and the hot air drying time is 4-8 hours; S4 Cooling: Step S3 combined drying of Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves in a cool place to cool naturally; S5. Color sorting: Use manual or color sorting machine to select high-quality and ordinary Chinese herbal medicine flowers and leaves; S6. Packaging: Separately package the high-quality and ordinary Chinese medicinal flowers and leaves after color sorting.

2. A method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the impurity removal process of step S2, the impurity removal methods include air separation and manual selection, and the air separation conditions are: using hot air with a temperature of 35-45°C for air separation and impurity removal, the wind speed is 3-5 levels, and the blowing time is 20-40 minutes; after air separation, manual selection is used to remove branches, leaves, impurities and inferior Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves, and finally the Chinese medicinal materials flowers and leaves after impurities are sorted into flowers with branches and leaves and flowers without branches and leaves.

3. A method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the combined drying process of step S3, the thickness of the flowers and leaves spread on the tray with mesh holes is 3 to 5 cm.

4. A method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the combined drying process of step S3, in the steam drying stage, a condenser is used to collect the water vapor generated in the steam drying process, condensed water is obtained by condensation, and then the condensed water is concentrated to 20-30% of its total weight to obtain a concentrated solution, and finally the obtained concentrated solution is sprayed on the surface of the flowers and leaves in the hot air drying stage.

5. The method for processing fresh floral and leafy Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the combined drying process of step S3, the hot air drying is a staged hot air circulation drying, which includes three stages, namely, first stage drying, second stage drying and third stage drying, wherein the temperature of the first stage drying is controlled at 45-50°C, and the drying time is 0.5-1.5 hours; the temperature of the second stage drying is controlled at 65-75°C, and the drying time is 1.5-2.5 hours, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 30-40%; and the temperature of the third stage drying is controlled at 35-45°C, and the drying time is 2-3 hours, and the drying is performed until the moisture content is 8-12%.