Three-dimensional laser marking and lettering method, system and terminal based on five-axis machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to a three-dimensional laser marking and lettering method, system and terminal based on a five-axis machine tool, and relates to the field of laser cutting technology. Determining the marking position of the marking process layer according to the marking information; a preset cutting head is controlled to move according to the marking position, and the marking angle of the marking process layer is determined according to the marking information; a preset cutting head is controlled to rotate to be perpendicular to the marking process layer according to the marking angle, and marking content is determined according to the marking information; marking characters are determined according to the marking content; calling a marking matrix according to the marking characters; and according to the marking matrix, preset cutting heads are controlled to sequentially mark. The laser marking machine has the effects that the convenience of the laser marking machine is improved, the machining time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser cutting technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional laser marking and lettering method, system and terminal based on a five-axis machine tool. Background Art

[0002] Laser marking refers to a marking method that uses high-energy-density lasers to locally irradiate a workpiece, causing the surface material to vaporize or undergo a chemical reaction that causes a color change, thereby leaving a permanent mark.

[0003] Traditional laser marking technology mainly uses a galvanometer to quickly perform flat laser marking on the processing surface. Although this method has achieved good results in many applications, its flexibility and adaptability are limited when processing complex shapes or three-dimensional surfaces. It needs to be processed by a dedicated laser marking machine, and for this purpose, workers need to move the workpiece to the dedicated laser marking machine.

[0004] In large-scale processing, workers are required to move the workpieces repeatedly, which leads to a decrease in production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to improve the convenience of laser marking machines, reduce processing time and improve production efficiency, the present invention provides a three-dimensional laser marking and engraving method, system and terminal based on a five-axis machine tool.

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool, which adopts the following technical solution: A three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool, comprising: Get marking information; Determine the marking position of the marking process layer according to the marking information; Control the preset cutting head movement according to the marking position, and determine the marking angle of the marking process layer according to the marking information; According to the marking angle, the preset cutting head is controlled to rotate perpendicular to the marking process layer, and the marking content is determined according to the marking information; Determine the marking characters according to the marking content; Retrieve the marking matrix according to the marking characters; The preset cutting heads are controlled to mark in sequence according to the marking matrix.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, a five-axis machine tool is used to enable the cutting head to move in multiple axes at the same time, so that the laser beam can be accurately positioned at any angle and position of the workpiece, thereby realizing the function of the cutting head moving with the marking process layer, and then the laser can be marked on a surface with a certain curvature. This technology not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of marking, but also expands the application scope of laser marking and improves the convenience of laser marking machines.

[0008] Optionally, a font adjustment method is also included, and the font adjustment method includes: Determine the scaling command based on the marking information; Determine the zoom ratio according to the zoom command; Determine the scaling matrix according to the scaling factor; Calculate the product of the marking matrix and the scaling matrix and define it as the transformation matrix; The preset cutting heads are controlled to mark in sequence according to the transformation matrix.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, when the marking information contains a scaling command, the printed character matrix is ​​adjusted according to the scaling command, so that the characters printed according to the character matrix meet the requirements, thereby improving the convenience of the laser printer.

[0010] Optionally, the font adjustment method further includes: Determine the zoom center according to the zoom command; When the zoom center is not zero, the translation matrix and the reciprocal matrix are determined according to the zoom center; Determine a dimension-upgraded marking matrix according to the marking matrix, and determine a dimension-upgraded scaling matrix according to the scaling matrix; The product of the increased dimension marking matrix, the translation matrix, the increased dimension scaling matrix and the reciprocal matrix is ​​calculated and defined as the transformation matrix.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when adjusting the scaling ratio of the character matrix, the scaling is generally performed with the origin as the scaling center. When the character is not located at the origin, it is easy to cause the position of the character after scaling to change. At this time, the character is first translated to the origin, and then translated to the character position again after scaling, thereby improving the convenience of using the laser marking machine.

[0012] Optionally, the font adjustment method further includes: Determine the rotation command according to the marking information; Determine the rotation axis according to the rotation command; Determine the reference matrix based on the rotation axis; Determine the rotation angle according to the rotation command; Determine the rotation matrix according to the reference matrix and the rotation angle; Calculate the product of the marking matrix and the rotation matrix and define it as the transformation matrix.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, when the marking information contains a rotation command, the printed character matrix is ​​adjusted according to the rotation command, so that the characters printed according to the character matrix meet the requirements, thereby improving the convenience of the laser printer.

[0014] Optionally, a cutting control method is also included, and the cutting control method includes: When the cutting head marks in sequence, a marking image of the marking process layer is obtained; Determine whether slag appears on the marking process layer according to the marking image; When slag appears on the marking process layer, the slag position is determined according to the marking image; determining slag morphology based on slag location; Determine the adjustment direction according to the slag shape; The preset cutting head is controlled to adjust the focus according to the adjustment direction.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when the focus of the cutting head does not meet the marking requirements, slag is likely to appear on the workpiece, and when the focus position is too advanced, the slag is spherical, and when the focus position is too lagging, the slag is sharp. The focus position of the cutting head is adjusted according to the shape of the slag, thereby improving the convenience of the laser printer.

[0016] Optionally, the cutting control method further includes: When the adjustment direction is consistent with the preset reduction direction, a cutting image at the cutting head is obtained; Determine the focal diameter based on the cut image; Determine the adjustment range according to the focal diameter; According to the adjustment direction, the preset cutting head is controlled to adjust the focus according to the adjustment amplitude.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when the focal position is too advanced, the laser emitted by the cutting head irradiates a larger spot area on the surface of the workpiece, and the amplitude of focal length adjustment is selected according to the spot area, so that the focal position meets the requirements.

[0018] Optionally, a slag cleaning method is also included, and the slag cleaning method includes: Controlling a preset cutting head to move above the slag according to the slag position, and determining a slag area based on the slag position; Determine the removal diameter based on the slag area; Determine the removal focal length based on the removal diameter; Adjust the focus of the cutting head according to the preset removal focus control.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the focal length of the cutting head is adjusted according to the area of ​​the slag, so that the laser emitted by the cutting head can completely irradiate the slag, and then the slag is gasified by the laser, so that the slag is removed by the laser cutting machine.

[0020] Optionally, the slag cleaning method further comprises: Determine the laser intensity based on the defocus distance; determining a slag melting point based on the slag position; Determine the demand intensity based on the melting point of the slag; Determine the correction factor based on the laser intensity and required intensity; The laser intensity is adjusted by controlling the preset cutting head according to the correction factor.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the focal length of the cutting head is adjusted so that the laser can completely irradiate the slag, the intensity of the laser is likely to decrease. The power of the laser is adjusted according to the melting point of the slag, so that the laser can still fully vaporize the slag when it is irradiated onto the slag.

[0022] In the second aspect, the present application provides a three-dimensional laser marking system based on a five-axis machine tool, which adopts the following technical solution: A three-dimensional laser marking system based on a five-axis machine tool, comprising: An acquisition module, used to acquire marking information, marking images and cutting images; A memory for storing a program of any one of the above three-dimensional laser marking and engraving methods based on a five-axis machine tool; The program in the memory can be loaded and executed by the processor.

[0023] In a third aspect, the present application provides a smart terminal, which adopts the following technical solution: An intelligent terminal comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program which can be loaded by the processor and execute any one of the above-mentioned three-dimensional laser marking and engraving methods based on a five-axis machine tool.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, a five-axis machine tool is used to enable the cutting head to move in multiple axes at the same time, so that the laser beam can be accurately positioned at any angle and position of the workpiece, thereby realizing the function of the cutting head moving with the marking process layer, and then the laser can be marked on a surface with a certain curvature. This technology not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of marking, but also expands the application scope of laser marking and improves the convenience of laser marking machines.

[0025] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: The five-axis machine tool is used to enable the cutting head to move in multiple axes at the same time, so that the laser beam can be accurately positioned at any angle and position of the workpiece, thereby realizing the function of the cutting head moving with the marking process layer, and then the laser can mark on a surface with a certain curvature. This technology not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of marking, but also expands the application scope of laser marking and improves the convenience of laser marking machines; When the marking information includes a scaling command, the printed character matrix is ​​adjusted according to the scaling command, so that the characters printed according to the character matrix meet the requirements, thereby improving the convenience of the laser printer; When adjusting the scaling ratio of the character matrix, the origin is generally used as the scaling center for scaling. When the character is not located at the origin, it is easy to cause the position of the character to change after scaling. At this time, the character is first translated to the origin, and then translated to the character position again after scaling, thereby improving the convenience of using the laser marking machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool; Figure 2 This is the flow of the font adjustment method Figure 1 ; Figure 3 This is the flow of the font adjustment method Figure 2 ; Figure 4 This is the flow of the font adjustment method Figure 3 ; Figure 5 Is the process of cutting control method Figure 1 ; Figure 6 Is the process of cutting control method Figure 2 ; Figure 7 The process of slag cleaning method Figure 1 ; Figure 8 The process of slag cleaning method Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 , a three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool, comprising: Step 100: Obtain marking information.

[0029] Marking information refers to data containing information such as the position of the marking process layer, the angle value of the marking process layer, the content of the marking, the size of the characters, the angle of the characters, etc., wherein the marking process layer refers to the surface that needs to be laser marked. The marking information can be manually input by personnel, and the method for obtaining the marking information is selected by the staff according to the actual situation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0030] Step 101: Determine a marking position of a marking process layer according to marking information.

[0031] The marking position is the position of the marking process layer identified from the marking information. The method for determining the marking position is common knowledge among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated herein.

[0032] Step 102: Control the preset cutting head movement according to the marking position, and determine the marking angle of the marking process layer according to the marking information.

[0033] The cutting head refers to a device installed on the cantilever of the machine tool for emitting laser. This method adopts a five-axis machine tool with an AC axis structure. XYZ is a linear axis that drives the cantilever to move. The Z axis is vertically upward as the positive direction. The direction of the XYZ axis conforms to the right-hand screw rule. The A and C axes are rotation axes to realize the swing and rotation of the cutting head. The A axis has a degree of freedom of +90° to -90°, and the C axis is an infinitely rotatable motor. The A axis motor rotates around the X axis and the C axis motor rotates around the Z axis, both with clockwise rotation as the positive direction. The position of the cutting head is controlled by the coordination of the five axes. The control method of the movement of the cutting head is common knowledge known to people in this field and will not be repeated here.

[0034] The marking angle is the angle value of the marking process layer identified from the marking information. The method for determining the marking angle is common knowledge among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated herein.

[0035] Step 103: Control the preset cutting head to rotate perpendicular to the marking process layer according to the marking angle, and determine the marking content according to the marking information.

[0036] The direction of the cutting head is controlled by the five-axis coordination. The method for controlling the direction of the cutting head is common knowledge in the art and will not be described in detail here. The marking content is the overall content to be marked obtained from the marking information. The method for determining the marking content is common knowledge in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] Step 104: Determine the marking characters according to the marking content.

[0038] The marking characters refer to the recognition results obtained by recognizing the characters in the marking content one by one. The method for determining the marking characters is common knowledge known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0039] Step 105: Retrieve the marking matrix according to the marking characters.

[0040] The marking matrix refers to all points on the processing path corresponding to the marking characters as a row vector. The marking matrix can be obtained from the matrix data table, which is a coordinate dot matrix in the form of AZ, 0-9, and a data table that records the marking matrix corresponding to common punctuation marks such as commas, semicolons, separators, spaces, etc.

[0041] Step 106: Control the preset cutting heads to mark in sequence according to the marking matrix.

[0042] The five-axis machine tool is used to enable the cutting head to move in multiple axes at the same time, so that the laser beam can be accurately positioned at any angle and position of the workpiece, thereby realizing the function of the cutting head moving with the marking process layer, and then the laser can mark on a surface with a certain curvature. This technology not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of marking, but also expands the application scope of laser marking and improves the convenience of laser marking machines.

[0043] Reference Figure 2 , font adjustment methods include: Step 200: Determine a scaling command according to marking information.

[0044] The scaling command is a command for controlling the size of characters that is identified from the marking information. The scaling command generally uses the G51 scaling command in the Fanuc G code. The scaling command generally includes information such as the scaling center and scaling ratio. For example, in G51X0Y0I2000J2000, (0,0) is the scaling center, and the scaling ratios in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are t x and t y The values ​​are all 2000, wherein the unit size of the zoom ratio is 1000. The method for determining the zoom command is common knowledge among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated herein.

[0045] Step 201: Determine the zoom ratio according to the zoom command.

[0046] The zoom ratio is the zoom ratio value required for the character recognized from the zoom command. The method for determining the zoom ratio is common knowledge in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0047] Step 202: Determine a scaling matrix according to the scaling factor.

[0048] The scaling matrix is The scaling factor t of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis is in the form x ,t y and t z The obtained matrix is ​​used to scale the marking matrix according to the scaling factor. The method for determining the scaling matrix is ​​common knowledge to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0049] Step 203: Calculate the product of the marking matrix and the scaling matrix and define it as a transformation matrix.

[0050] The transformation matrix is ​​the marking matrix obtained after scaling according to the scaling factor. The calculation method of the transformation matrix is ​​common knowledge to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0051] Step 204: Control the preset cutting head to mark in sequence according to the transformation matrix.

[0052] When the marking information includes a scaling command, the printed character matrix is ​​adjusted according to the scaling command, so that the characters printed according to the character matrix meet the requirements, thereby improving the convenience of the laser printer.

[0053] Reference Figure 3 , the font adjustment method also includes: Step 205: Determine the zoom center according to the zoom command.

[0054] The zoom center is the center of the character recognized from the zoom command when zooming. The method for determining the zoom center is common knowledge known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0055] Step 206: When the zoom center is not zero, determine the translation matrix and the reciprocal matrix according to the zoom center.

[0056] If the scaling center is not zero, it means that the scaling center of the character is not the origin. In this case, the character needs to be translated to the origin for scaling, and then translated to the original position to ensure that the position of the character does not change.

[0057] The translation matrix is The matrix obtained by scaling the center (a, b, c) in the form of is used to translate the marking matrix to the origin. The method for determining the translation matrix is ​​common knowledge among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0058] The reciprocal matrix is ​​a matrix with The matrix obtained by scaling the center (a, b, c) in the form of is used to translate the marking matrix from the origin back to its original position. The method for determining the reciprocal matrix is ​​common knowledge among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0059] Step 207: Determine a dimension-upgraded marking matrix according to the marking matrix, and determine a dimension-upgraded scaling matrix according to the scaling matrix.

[0060] The dimension-raising labeling matrix is ​​a matrix with The matrix obtained by upgrading the dimension of the marking matrix is ​​in the form of The matrix obtained by upgrading the scaling matrix is ​​in the form of . Since the translation matrix and the reciprocal matrix are both four-dimensional matrices, when calculating the four-dimensional matrix with three-dimensional matrices such as the marking matrix and the scaling matrix, it is necessary to first upgrade the three-dimensional matrix to four-dimensional. The matrix upgrading method is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0061] Step 208: Calculate the product of the increased-dimensional marking matrix, the translation matrix, the increased-dimensional scaling matrix and the reciprocal matrix, and define it as a transformation matrix.

[0062] The transformation matrix is ​​the product of the dimension-raising marking matrix, the translation matrix, the dimension-raising scaling matrix, and the reciprocal matrix TT p Tn T P -1 The calculated result, when adjusting the scaling ratio of the character matrix by calculation, is generally scaled with the origin as the scaling center. When the character is not located at the origin, it is easy to cause the position of the character to change after scaling. At this time, the character is first translated to the origin, and then translated to the character position again after scaling, thereby improving the convenience of using the laser marking machine.

[0063] Reference Figure 4 , the font adjustment method also includes: Step 209: Determine a rotation command according to the marking information.

[0064] The rotation command is a command for controlling the angle of characters that is identified from the marking information. The rotation command generally uses the G68 rotation instruction in the FANUC G code. The rotation instruction generally includes information such as the rotation center, the rotation components of each axis, and the rotation angle. For example, in G68X0Y0Z0I0J0K1Rθ, (0,0,0) is the rotation center, the rotation components in the X-axis and Y-axis directions are 0, and the rotation component in the Z-axis direction is 1. Rotating by θ degrees means rotating by θ degrees along the Z axis. The method for determining the rotation command is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0065] Step 210: Determine the rotation axis according to the rotation command.

[0066] The rotation axis refers to the axis about which the font rotates. When the rotation component is not 0, it means that the axis corresponding to the rotation component is the rotation axis. The overall angle of rotation in the rotation command is decomposed into a multi-axis rotation consisting of the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis. The method for determining the rotation axis is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0067] Step 211: Determine a reference matrix according to the rotation axis.

[0068] The reference matrix is ​​the matrix used to rotate the marking matrix along the rotation axis. When the rotation axis is the X axis, the reference matrix is , α is the rotation angle value in the X-axis direction. When the rotation axis is the Y-axis, the reference matrix is , β is the rotation angle value in the Y-axis direction. When the rotation axis is the Z-axis, the reference matrix is , γ is the rotation angle value in the Z-axis direction. The method for determining the reference matrix is ​​common knowledge among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0069] Step 212: Determine the rotation angle according to the rotation command.

[0070] The rotation angle refers to decomposing the angle value θ into component angle values ​​on each axis according to the rotation components. The method for determining the rotation angle is common knowledge to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0071] Step 213: Determine the rotation matrix according to the reference matrix and the rotation angle.

[0072] The rotation matrix is ​​a complete matrix obtained by filling the rotation angle into the reference matrix. The method for determining the rotation matrix is ​​common knowledge to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0073] Step 214: Calculate the product of the marking matrix and the rotation matrix and define it as a transformation matrix.

[0074] The transformation matrix is ​​TT α T β T γ The matrix is ​​obtained by right-multiplying the marking matrix by the rotation matrix in the order of X, Y, and Z. When the marking information contains a scaling command, the printed character matrix is ​​adjusted according to the scaling command, so that the characters printed according to the character matrix meet the requirements, thereby improving the convenience of the laser printer.

[0075] When scaling and rotating are used at the same time, first apply scaling G51, then apply rotation G68, and the corresponding matrix multiplication method also needs to be changed to TT p T n T α T β T γ T P -1 , where the rotation matrix T α T β T γ The same dimensionality increase processing is also required to transform into the corresponding four-dimensional matrix.

[0076] Reference Figure 5 , cutting control methods include: Step 300: Acquire a marking image of the marking process layer when the cutting head performs marking in sequence.

[0077] The marking image is a picture of the marking process layer when the cutting head marks in sequence. The method for obtaining the marking image is selected by the staff according to the actual situation and will not be described in detail here.

[0078] Step 301: judging whether slag appears on the marking process layer according to the marking image.

[0079] Slag is the molten metal that is melted by the laser beam during the laser cutting process but is not completely blown away by the auxiliary gas and remains on the surface of the workpiece or at the incision. Image recognition technology can be used to determine whether there is slag on the marking process layer. The method of identifying slag is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0080] Step 302: When slag appears on the marking process layer, the slag position is determined according to the marking image.

[0081] The presence of slag on the marking process layer indicates that the focus position of the cutting head is inappropriate at this time. The slag position refers to the coordinate information of the slag, which can be obtained through image recognition technology. The method for identifying the slag position is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0082] Step 303: Determine the slag morphology based on the slag position.

[0083] The slag morphology refers to the external shape of the slag. Generally, image recognition technology is used to identify whether the slag has edges and corners. When there are edges and corners, the slag morphology is judged to be sharp. When there are no edges and corners, the slag morphology is judged to be spherical. The method of judging the slag morphology is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0084] Step 304: Determine the adjustment direction according to the slag shape.

[0085] The adjustment direction refers to the direction of adjusting the focal position. When the slag shape is sharp, it means that the focal position of the laser is too lagging, resulting in incomplete melting of the material. When the slag shape is spherical, it means that the focal position of the laser is too advanced, resulting in excessive heat at the lower end of the material. The focal position of the laser is judged according to the slag shape, and the corresponding adjustment direction is selected. The method for determining the adjustment direction is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0086] Step 305: Control the preset cutting head to adjust the focus according to the adjustment direction.

[0087] The focal length of the laser is adjusted according to the adjustment direction and the unit step length to adjust the focal position of the laser, thereby reducing the generation of slag.

[0088] When the focus of the cutting head does not meet the marking requirements, slag is likely to appear on the workpiece. When the focus position is too advanced, the slag is spherical, and when the focus position is too lagging, the slag is sharp. Adjust the focus position of the cutting head according to the shape of the slag to improve the convenience of the laser printer.

[0089] Reference Figure 6 , the cutting control method further includes: Step 306: When the adjustment direction is consistent with the preset reduction direction, a cutting image at the cutting head is obtained.

[0090] The reduction direction refers to the adjustment direction that needs to be taken when the slag is in a spherical shape. If the adjustment direction is consistent with the reduction direction, it means that the focal position of the laser is too advanced. At this time, the spot area of ​​the laser irradiated on the workpiece is larger. The cutting image is a picture of the position on the workpiece cut by the cutting head. The method of obtaining the cutting image is selected by the staff according to the actual situation and will not be elaborated here.

[0091] Step 307: Determine the focal diameter according to the cut image.

[0092] The focal diameter refers to the diameter of the spot irradiated by the laser on the workpiece. The focal diameter can be determined by image recognition technology. The method for identifying the focal diameter is common knowledge in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0093] Step 308: Determine the adjustment amplitude according to the focal diameter.

[0094] The adjustment amplitude refers to the focal length amplitude value required to adjust the focal position by adjusting the focal length of the laser, thereby reducing the generation of slag. The adjustment amplitude can be obtained from the amplitude relationship table. The amplitude relationship table refers to a data table that records the adjustment amplitudes corresponding to different focal diameters.

[0095] Step 309: Control the preset cutting head to adjust the focus according to the adjustment amplitude according to the adjustment direction.

[0096] When the focal position is too advanced, the laser emitted by the cutting head will irradiate a larger spot area on the surface of the workpiece. The focal length adjustment range is selected according to the spot area so that the focal position meets the requirements.

[0097] Reference Figure 7 , slag cleaning methods include: Step 400: Control a preset cutting head to move above the slag according to the slag position, and determine a slag area based on the slag position.

[0098] The slag area refers to the range of the slag on the workpiece in the direction of the cutting head. The slag area can be determined from the cutting image by image recognition technology. The method for determining the slag area is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be described here.

[0099] Step 401: Determine the removal diameter according to the slag area.

[0100] The removal diameter refers to the minimum circumscribed circle diameter required to completely cover the slag area. The method for determining the removal diameter is common knowledge among those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0101] Step 402: Determine the removal focal length according to the removal diameter.

[0102] Removal focal length refers to adjusting the spot formed by laser irradiation on the workpiece to the focal length value required for the removal diameter. The removal focal length can be obtained from the focal length relationship table. The focal length relationship table refers to a data table that records the removal focal lengths corresponding to different removal diameters.

[0103] Step 403: adjusting the focus of the cutting head according to the preset removal focus control.

[0104] The focal length of the cutting head is adjusted according to the area of ​​the slag so that the laser emitted by the cutting head can completely irradiate the slag, and then the slag is gasified by the laser, so that the slag is removed by the laser cutting machine.

[0105] Reference Figure 8 , the slag cleaning method also includes: Step 404: Determine the laser intensity according to the defocused distance.

[0106] Laser intensity refers to the energy value per unit area of ​​the workpiece irradiated by the laser. The laser intensity can be obtained from the intensity relationship table. The intensity relationship table refers to a data table that records the laser intensities corresponding to different defocusing distances.

[0107] Step 405: Determine the slag melting point based on the slag position.

[0108] The slag melting point refers to the temperature at which the slag melts. The slag melting point is related to the material of the workpiece. The material of the workpiece can be judged from the cutting image through image recognition technology, and the slag melting point can be obtained by looking up the table. The method for determining the slag melting point is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0109] Step 406: Determine the required intensity according to the melting point of the slag.

[0110] The demand intensity refers to the energy value per unit area required to gasify the slag by laser. The demand intensity can be obtained by querying the demand relationship table. The demand relationship table refers to a data table that records different slag melting points and their corresponding demand intensities.

[0111] Step 407: Determine a correction factor according to the laser intensity and the required intensity.

[0112] The correction coefficient refers to a coefficient used to adjust the power of the laser. The correction coefficient is generally obtained by calculating the quotient of the laser intensity and the required intensity. The calculation method of the correction coefficient is common knowledge to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0113] Step 408: Control the preset cutting head to adjust the laser intensity according to the correction coefficient.

[0114] When the focal length of the cutting head is adjusted so that the laser fully irradiates the slag, the intensity of the laser is likely to decrease. A correction factor is determined based on the melting point of the slag, and the laser power is adjusted according to the correction factor so that the laser can still fully vaporize the slag when irradiating it.

[0115] Slag cleaning methods also include: Step 409: When the removal diameter is greater than a preset irradiation threshold, the circumscribed width is determined according to the slag area.

[0116] The irradiation threshold refers to the maximum spot diameter of the laser emitted by the cutting head that can effectively cut the workpiece. The irradiation threshold is selected by the staff according to the actual situation and will not be described in detail here. If the removal diameter is greater than the irradiation threshold, it means that the area of ​​the slag is too large and it is difficult to remove the slag by direct laser irradiation. The circumscribed width refers to the width of the minimum circumscribed rectangle of the slag area in all directions. The method for determining the circumscribed width is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0117] Step 410: Determine the cutting direction according to the circumscribed width.

[0118] The cutting direction refers to the direction in which the cutting head cuts the slag. Generally, the direction corresponding to the smallest external width is used as the cutting direction.

[0119] Step 411: Determine the cutting position according to the cutting direction and the slag area.

[0120] The cutting position refers to the starting position where the cutting head cuts the slag. Generally, the edgemost point of the slag area in the cutting direction is selected as the cutting position. The cutting position is selected by the staff according to the actual situation and will not be elaborated here.

[0121] Step 412: Determine the cutting direction according to the marking angle.

[0122] Cutting direction refers to the direction of the cutting head when it cuts the slag. Generally, an angle 90 degrees different from the marking angle is selected as the cutting direction to reduce the damage to the surface of the workpiece when cutting the slag. The marking angle is selected by the staff according to the actual situation and will not be elaborated here.

[0123] Step 413: Control the preset cutting head to move according to the cutting position, and control the preset cutting head to turn according to the cutting direction.

[0124] The cutting head is controlled by five-axis coordination to reach the starting position of cutting and adjust the direction to prepare for cutting slag.

[0125] Step 414: Determine a cutting length curve according to the cutting direction, cutting position and slag area.

[0126] The cutting length curve refers to a length variation curve of the slag area from the cutting position along the cutting direction. The method for determining the cutting length curve is common knowledge to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated here.

[0127] Step 415: Determine the cutting time curve according to the cutting length curve.

[0128] The cutting time curve refers to the cutting time variation curve required for the cutting head to separate the slag of the corresponding length in the cutting length curve from the workpiece. The method for determining the cutting time curve is common knowledge among people in this field and will not be elaborated here.

[0129] Step 416: Control the preset cutting head to cut in the cutting direction according to the cutting time curve.

[0130] When the area of ​​the slag is too large, the energy consumption required to completely remove the slag by direct irradiation with the cutting head is too high. At this time, the direction of the cutting head is adjusted so that the cutting head cuts the slag along the boundary line between the slag and the workpiece to separate the slag from the workpiece, thereby improving the convenience of slag removal.

[0131] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional laser marking system based on a five-axis machine tool, comprising: An acquisition module, used to acquire marking information, marking images and cutting images; A memory for storing a program of any one of the above three-dimensional laser marking and engraving methods based on a five-axis machine tool; The program in the memory can be loaded and executed by the processor.

[0132] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent terminal, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program that can be loaded by the processor and execute any of the above-mentioned three-dimensional laser marking and engraving methods based on a five-axis machine tool.

[0133] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The specific working process of the system, device and unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0134] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool, characterized in that: include: Get marking information; Determine the marking position of the marking process layer according to the marking information; Control the preset cutting head movement according to the marking position, and determine the marking angle of the marking process layer according to the marking information; According to the marking angle, the preset cutting head is controlled to rotate perpendicular to the marking process layer, and the marking content is determined according to the marking information; Determine the marking characters according to the marking content; Retrieve the marking matrix according to the marking characters; Control the preset cutting heads to mark in sequence according to the marking matrix; Also included is a cutting control method, the cutting control method comprising: When the cutting head marks in sequence, a marking image of the marking process layer is obtained; Determine whether slag appears on the marking process layer according to the marking image; When slag appears on the marking process layer, the slag position is determined according to the marking image; determining slag morphology based on slag location; Determine the adjustment direction according to the slag shape; The preset cutting head is controlled to adjust the focus according to the adjustment direction.

2. A three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a font adjustment method, the font adjustment method comprising: Determine the scaling command based on the marking information; Determine the zoom ratio according to the zoom command; Determine the scaling matrix according to the scaling factor; Calculate the product of the marking matrix and the scaling matrix and define it as the transformation matrix; The preset cutting heads are controlled to mark in sequence according to the transformation matrix.

3. A three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The font adjustment method further includes: Determine the zoom center according to the zoom command; When the zoom center is not zero, the translation matrix and the reciprocal matrix are determined according to the zoom center; Determine a dimension-upgraded marking matrix according to the marking matrix, and determine a dimension-upgraded scaling matrix according to the scaling matrix; The product of the increased dimension marking matrix, the translation matrix, the increased dimension scaling matrix and the reciprocal matrix is ​​calculated and defined as the transformation matrix.

4. A three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The font adjustment method further includes: Determine the rotation command according to the marking information; Determine the rotation axis according to the rotation command; Determine the reference matrix based on the rotation axis; Determine the rotation angle according to the rotation command; Determine the rotation matrix according to the reference matrix and the rotation angle; Calculate the product of the marking matrix and the rotation matrix and define it as the transformation matrix.

5. The three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cutting control method further comprises: When the adjustment direction is consistent with the preset reduction direction, a cutting image at the cutting head is obtained; Determine the focal diameter based on the cut image; Determine the adjustment range according to the focal diameter; According to the adjustment direction, the preset cutting head is controlled to adjust the focus according to the adjustment amplitude.

6. A three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also included is a slag cleaning method, the slag cleaning method comprising: Controlling a preset cutting head to move above the slag according to the slag position, and determining a slag area based on the slag position; Determine the removal diameter based on the slag area; Determine the removal focal length based on the removal diameter; Adjust the focus of the cutting head according to the preset removal focus control.

7. A three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The slag cleaning method also includes: Determine the laser intensity based on the defocus distance; determining a slag melting point based on the slag position; Determine the demand intensity based on the melting point of the slag; Determine the correction factor based on the laser intensity and required intensity; The laser intensity is adjusted by controlling the preset cutting head according to the correction factor.

8. The three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The slag cleaning method also includes: When the removal diameter is greater than a preset irradiation threshold, the circumscribed width is determined based on the slag area; Determine the cutting direction according to the circumscribed width; Determine the cutting position according to the cutting direction and slag area; Determine the cutting direction according to the marking angle; Control the preset cutting head movement according to the cutting position, and control the preset cutting head steering according to the cutting direction; Determine the cutting length curve according to the cutting direction, cutting position and slag area; Determine the cutting time curve according to the cutting length curve; The preset cutting head is controlled to cut in the cutting direction according to the cutting time curve.

9. A three-dimensional laser marking system based on a five-axis machine tool, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module, used to acquire marking information, marking images and cutting images; A memory for storing a program of a three-dimensional laser marking method based on a five-axis machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The program in the memory can be loaded and executed by the processor.

10. An intelligent terminal, characterized in that: The invention comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program which can be loaded by the processor and executes a three-dimensional laser marking and lettering method based on a five-axis machine tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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