Laser arc wire powder simultaneous feeding coaxial deposition head and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a laser arc wire powder simultaneous feeding coaxial deposition head, and belongs to the technical field of additive equipment, the laser arc wire powder simultaneous feeding coaxial deposition head comprises a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles and a mounting seat, the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are jointly mounted on the mounting seat, the mounting seat is provided with a plurality of lens group modules, and the lens group modules are in one-to-one correspondence with the coaxial powder feeding nozzles; the lens group module is connected with a laser, a wire tube fixing part is mounted on the mounting seat, a wire guide tube is fixed in the wire tube fixing part, a wire feeding assembly is connected to the mounting seat, an electrifying tube is arranged on the wire feeding assembly, and the wire feeding assembly, the electrifying tube and the wire guide tube are jointly provided with an insulating assembly; an annular powder feeding channel is arranged in the coaxial powder feeding nozzle around the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle. The material adding equipment can carry out various material adding processes such as electric arc fuse wire material adding, laser fuse wire material adding, laser powder feeding material adding, laser electric arc composite wire feeding material adding and laser electric arc composite wire powder simultaneous feeding material adding, has the characteristics of light weight and high integration level, and has the effects of improving the deposition efficiency and reducing the energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of additive equipment, and in particular to a laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head and method. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing, is a technology that achieves the manufacture of complex parts by stacking materials layer by layer. It has the advantages of high efficiency and material saving. In recent years, additive manufacturing technology has been widely used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, medical equipment and other fields. The most common additive manufacturing technologies are laser additive and arc additive.

[0003] Arc additive manufacturing uses an electric arc to melt metal wire and then deposit the material layer by layer. Its advantages are low cost, simple equipment, and suitable for rapid prototyping of large-sized metal structures. Arc additive manufacturing has high prototyping efficiency and is suitable for manufacturing large workpieces. However, arc additive manufacturing has low precision, poor surface quality, and the arc will produce a large heat-affected zone, resulting in greater stress and deformation of the parts.

[0004] Laser additive manufacturing uses laser beams to heat and melt metal powder or wire, and then builds up the material layer by layer. Its advantages are concentrated laser energy, precise melting process, and high-quality surface and fine structure molding. However, the equipment cost of laser additive manufacturing is high, the absorption rate of metal materials to laser energy is low, and the molding speed is slow for large-sized workpieces.

[0005] Laser additive manufacturing generally has the option of powder feeding or wire feeding. Powder feeding additive manufacturing allows for the flexible use of different types of metal powders and is suitable for the processing of complex geometric structures with high material utilization. Wire feeding additive manufacturing is more efficient, with less material waste and is suitable for large-scale production.

[0006] Combining arc, laser, powder feeding and wire feeding technologies can fully utilize the advantages of each technology on a single device to improve the efficiency and quality of additive manufacturing. However, there is no lightweight equipment in the prior art that can efficiently integrate these functions. If the equipment modules of different additive technologies are simply stacked, this will lead to a complex equipment structure and bulky volume, which will bring a series of problems. First, the delivery paths of lasers, powders and wires need to be precisely aligned, which is difficult to adjust, especially in scenarios with multiple beams and multiple powder paths. In addition, traditional stacking equipment has a large mass and high inertia, which can easily affect the processing accuracy during the processing and movement, resulting in inaccurate positioning and a significant increase in energy consumption.

[0007] Therefore, how to realize lightweight, highly integrated and easily adjustable laser arc composite additive equipment is one of the key issues that need to be urgently solved in the field of additive manufacturing. Summary of the invention

[0008] In order to realize that the additive equipment can perform various additive processes such as arc fuse additive, laser fuse additive, laser powder feeding additive, laser arc composite wire feeding additive, laser arc composite wire and powder co-feeding additive, and has the characteristics of lightweight, high integration and easy adjustment, improve deposition efficiency and reduce energy consumption, the present application provides a laser arc wire and powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head and method.

[0009] The present application provides a laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head adopts the following technical solution: A laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head and method, comprising a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles and a mounting seat, wherein the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are mounted on the mounting seat and arranged around the central axis of the mounting seat, wherein the mounting seat is mounted with a plurality of lens group modules, wherein the lens group modules correspond to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles one by one, wherein the lens group modules are connected to a laser, wherein a wire tube fixing piece is mounted on the mounting seat, wherein a wire guide tube is fixed in the wire tube fixing piece, wherein a wire feeding assembly is connected to the mounting seat, wherein a power supply tube is arranged on the wire feeding assembly, wherein the wire feeding assembly, the power supply tube and the wire guide tube are jointly provided with an insulating assembly; The wire guide tube is coaxially arranged with the mounting seat, and the central axes of several coaxial powder feeding nozzles intersect with the central axis of the mounting seat at the same point, so that the central axes of several lasers and the center lines of the wires intersect at the same point. An annular powder feeding channel is arranged around the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, so that the powder is delivered around the laser.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the power-on tube is connected to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, and the current passes through the wire and forms an arc between the wire outlet end and the substrate to achieve arc fuse additive. At the same time, multiple lasers can simultaneously emit lasers of different types and powers for additive, and when performing laser additive, the power-on tube can also be connected to a hot wire power supply to preheat the wire, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle can also deliver powder for additive. That is, this laser head can meet a variety of additive methods such as arc fuse additive, laser fuse additive, laser powder feeding additive, laser arc composite wire feeding additive, laser arc composite wire and powder co-feeding additive, etc.

[0011] By combining arc and laser, the high efficiency and low cost of arc additive manufacturing are retained, while the high precision and fine forming capabilities of laser additive manufacturing are utilized to accelerate the forming of large-sized workpieces. The advantage of this composite process is that it can simultaneously have the high melting efficiency of arc and the fine control of laser, significantly improving the deposition speed and reducing stress and deformation.

[0012] The wire-powder co-feeding additive technology integrates the advantages of wire feeding and powder feeding, which can achieve efficient utilization of materials, improve deposition efficiency, enhance the mechanical properties of parts, and flexibly adapt to the manufacturing needs of complex parts.

[0013] The entire deposition head adopts a highly integrated and lightweight design, which effectively reduces the size and weight of the device by integrating multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles, laser mirrors, wire guide tubes, power supply tubes and other functional modules on a compact mounting base. This lightweight design can not only reduce the inertial burden of the device when it moves, improve the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also reduce energy consumption, help maintain the stability of the device during long-term work, and reduce energy waste.

[0014] The system is equipped with multi-laser and multi-powder channel control functions. By adjusting the laser power and the powder delivery rate of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle in real time, it can accurately control the melting and deposition state of different materials in the additive process. This precise control ensures that when multiple materials are deposited simultaneously, the melting state of different materials can be optimized, thereby improving the uniformity and quality of molded parts.

[0015] Multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged around the mounting base, so that the powder can be evenly distributed in the molten pool, and through the annular powder feeding channel structure, the powder can be evenly transported around the laser. The powder can be evenly distributed around the laser, so that the powder absorbs the laser energy evenly. Compared with the traditional one-sided powder feeding method, this uniform distribution allows more powder to directly contact the high-temperature area and be fully melted, reducing the waste of some powder due to failure to enter the laser irradiation range; and ensure that the powder is evenly distributed in the molten pool from all directions, which avoids the problem of uneven distribution of powder, concentration on one side, or only local heating in traditional equipment.

[0016] Each coaxial powder feeding nozzle is connected to an independent lens module and laser. The nozzle and laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the angle of the laser will be automatically adjusted accordingly, ensuring that the laser and powder converge more accurately in the molten pool, reducing human adjustment errors, and further improving deposition quality and efficiency.

[0017] The connection method only through the mounting base can not only simplify the assembly, but also enhance the stability of the structure, ensure that the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, wire feeding assembly and mirror module remain stable during operation, and reduce the alignment deviation caused by vibration or external interference. And this connection method supports modular design, making it easier to upgrade and expand the equipment. Users can easily add or replace coaxial powder feeding nozzles, wire feeding assemblies or mirror modules as needed to adapt to different deposition tasks.

[0018] Optionally, a first mounting channel is opened on the mounting seat, a first flange is fixed in the first mounting channel, a connecting seat is installed on the first flange, a second flange is installed on the end of the connecting seat away from the first flange, the wire feeding assembly is installed on the second flange, and the wire tube fixing part includes a fixing tube, which is fixed to the first flange, so the wire guide tube is fixed in the fixing tube.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the multi-level fixing structure of the first flange, the connecting seat, the second flange, etc., the installation of the wire feeding assembly and the wire tube fixing is more secure, which improves the stability of the entire system. It can effectively avoid the displacement or loosening of the wire feeding assembly or the wire guide tube due to vibration or stress during high-frequency operation or long-term use, thereby ensuring the deposition accuracy and stability of the equipment. At the same time, it is easy to disassemble, and it is convenient to remove the wire feeding assembly and the wire tube fixing from the mounting seat independently, which is convenient for maintenance.

[0020] Optionally, the wire feeding assembly includes a wire feeding seat, which is fixed on the second flange and on which a wire feeding wheel set is installed.

[0021] Optionally, the insulating assembly includes a first insulating sleeve and a second insulating sleeve, the first insulating sleeve is sleeved on the top of the conductive tube, the bottom of the conductive tube is connected to a wire outlet nozzle, the wire outlet nozzle is sleeved with an insulating nozzle sleeve, the second insulating sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the wire feeding wheel group, and the outer peripheral surface of the wire guide tube is coated with an insulating layer.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the leakage of current can be effectively blocked, and the current can be prevented from being transmitted to non-conductive components or parts touched by the operator, thereby ensuring the safety of equipment operation.

[0023] Optionally, a plurality of second mounting channels are provided on the mounting seat, and central axes of the plurality of second mounting channels intersect with the central axis of the mounting seat at a common point. The second mounting channels correspond one-to-one to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles, and one end of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and one end of the lens group module are both fixed in the second mounting channels. A protective gas inlet is provided on the lens group module, and the protective gas inlet is connected to the second mounting channel.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the second installation channel does not require the lens module and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle to set up an additional connection mechanism. The second installation channel not only serves as an installation channel, but also as an exhaust channel for the protective gas and a transmission channel for the laser to pass through, which simplifies the structural design and makes the entire deposition head structure more compact, which is conducive to reducing the manufacturing difficulty and improving the assembly efficiency. At the same time, the protective gas also helps to take away the heat of the lens module, avoid overheating of the lens, and thus reduce the damage of thermal stress to the optical element.

[0025] Optionally, at least two powder feeding holes are provided on the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, each of the powder feeding holes is connected to a powder feeding pipe, a plurality of connecting holes are provided on the first flange plate, a connecting port is provided in the circumference of the connecting seat, the connecting holes are connected to the connecting ports, the powder feeding pipes on the side of the guide wire fixing part correspond one-to-one with the connecting holes and pass through them, and a weight-reducing through groove is provided on the mounting seat.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple powder feeding holes can feed the powder to the annular channel at the same time, which can significantly improve the powder transportation speed and efficiency, thereby accelerating the deposition speed. The setting of multiple powder feeding holes enables the powder to enter the annular channel from different positions and be evenly distributed around the action area of ​​the laser beam. It can also effectively avoid the blockage problem of a single powder feeding pipeline.

[0027] The powder delivery pipe can pass through the connection hole and the connection port in sequence, which is convenient for connecting the powder delivery pipe with the feeding device, simplifies the connection of the powder delivery pipeline, avoids powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipelines, improves powder delivery efficiency, and facilitates maintenance and adjustment. At the same time, the opening of the connection hole, the connection port and the weight-reducing slot also reduces the weight of the equipment.

[0028] Optionally, the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged in an asymmetrical manner relative to the central axis of the mounting seat.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the asymmetric arrangement makes the laser emission paths asymmetric, effectively avoiding the reflected light directly hitting the laser and mirror module, reducing the risk of equipment damage and improving safety.

[0030] Optionally, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle includes a first connecting tube and a focusing tube, the first connecting tube is a cylindrical hollow tube, the focusing tube is a hollow frustum-shaped tube, the first connecting tube and the focusing tube are coaxially connected, the first connecting tube is sleeved with a second connecting tube, the first connecting tube and the second connecting tube are coaxially arranged, the second connecting tube is coaxially connected with a powder conveying tube, the powder conveying tube is a hollow frustum-shaped tube, and the powder conveying tube is sleeved on the focusing tube, the space between the second connecting tube, the powder conveying tube and the focusing tube forms the annular powder feeding channel, the powder feeding hole is opened on the second connecting tube, and the powder feeding hole is connected to the annular powder feeding channel.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the laser can be emitted through the first connecting tube and the focusing tube in sequence. This structure is conducive to concentrating the laser beam. At the same time, the focusing tube and the powder conveying tube cooperate to form a conical annular powder delivery channel, which is also conducive to the gathering of powder around the laser.

[0032] Optionally, a fiber insertion port is provided on the top of the mirror assembly module, and the laser is connected to the mirror assembly module through the fiber insertion port, and the fiber insertion port is a universal interface for QBH, QCS and QD.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the optical fiber insertion port is convenient for replacing lasers of different powers and types, thereby meeting the deposition requirements.

[0034] The present application provides a laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition method using the following technical solutions: A laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition method, using the above-mentioned laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head for processing, comprises the following steps: During the deposition step of laser additive manufacturing: S1, connect the power tube to the hot wire power supply, and the other pole of the hot wire power supply is connected to the substrate; S2, start the wire feeding assembly, and feed the wire to the deposition area through the wire guide tube. After the wire contacts the substrate, the wire feeding assembly stops moving, and the hot wire power supply is turned on to start preheating the wire. S3, start the laser, the laser is emitted through the lens module and focused onto the surface of the wire and substrate.

[0035] S4, start the wire feeding assembly again, and send the metal wire to the deposition area through the wire guide tube. At the same time, start the coaxial powder feeding system, and the powder is evenly sent out from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle around the laser beam, and is deposited layer by layer; During the deposition steps of arc additive: S1. Connect the power tube to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, and the other pole is connected to the substrate. At this time, the arc is ignited and the metal wire begins to melt.

[0036] S2, the wire feeding assembly continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc, and the arc melts the wire and deposits it on the substrate, forming a layer-by-layer stacking shape; S3. If necessary, the powder feeding system can be started after the molten pool is formed to feed the powder from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle into the molten pool area formed by the arc; During the deposition steps of laser arc composite additive: S1. Connect the power supply tube to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply so that the arc ignites and melts the wire, and the wire feeding assembly continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc.

[0037] S2. After the arc is ignited, the laser is started, and the laser beam is focused to the molten pool area formed by the arc, and acts together with the arc; S3, start the powder feeding system, and the powder is fed into the area where the laser and the arc work together through the coaxial powder feeding nozzle, and the laser, the arc, the wire and the powder work together; S4, laser, arc, wire and powder are continuously and synchronously fed in and accumulated layer by layer; In the multi-laser, multi-powder silk-powder co-feeding laser arc additive deposition steps: S1. Connect the power supply tube to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, so that the arc ignites and melts the wire, and the wire feeding assembly continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc; S2, multiple lasers emit different laser beams through the mirror module, and all laser beams are focused to the deposition area from different angles; S3, start the powder feeding system, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle simultaneously feeds different types of powders, and the powders surround their respective laser beams and are fed into the area where the arc and laser act together; S4. According to the additive control system, the powder output rate of each nozzle is adjusted in real time, and the power and emission time of the laser are accurately adjusted to ensure that the output parameters of different lasers are coordinated with the powder delivery rate.

[0038] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This laser head can meet various additive processes such as arc fuse additive, laser fuse additive, laser powder feeding additive, laser arc composite wire feeding additive, laser arc composite wire and powder co-feeding additive, etc. 2. Integrate multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles, laser mirrors, wire guide tubes, power supply tubes and other functional modules on a compact mounting base, effectively reducing the size and weight of the equipment. This lightweight design can not only reduce the inertial burden of the equipment when moving, improve the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also reduce energy consumption, help maintain the stability of the equipment during long-term work, and reduce energy waste; 3. Equipped with multi-laser and multi-powder channel control functions, it can accurately control the melting and deposition state of different materials in the additive process by adjusting the laser power and the powder delivery rate of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle in real time. This precise control ensures that when multiple materials are deposited at the same time, the melting state of different materials can be optimized, thereby improving the uniformity and quality of molded parts; 4. Multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles are arranged around the mounting base, so that the powder can be evenly distributed in the molten pool. Moreover, the powder of each coaxial powder feeding nozzle can be evenly delivered around a single laser beam, and the powder can be evenly distributed around the laser, so that the powder can evenly absorb the laser energy and ensure that the powder is evenly distributed in the molten pool from all directions, which avoids the problem of uneven distribution of powder, concentration on one side or only local heating in traditional equipment; 5. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle is connected to an independent lens module and laser. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the laser are integrated together. When the position of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle is adjusted, the angle of the laser will also be automatically adjusted, which can ensure that the laser and powder converge more accurately in the molten pool, reduce human adjustment errors, and further improve deposition quality and efficiency; 6. The setting of the second installation channel does not require the lens module and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle to set up an additional connection mechanism. The second installation channel is not only used as an installation channel, but also as an exhaust channel for the protective gas and a transmission channel for the laser to pass through, which simplifies the structural design and makes the entire deposition head structure more compact, which is conducive to reducing the manufacturing difficulty and improving the assembly efficiency; 7. The powder delivery pipe can pass through the connection hole and the connection port in sequence, which is convenient for connecting the powder delivery pipe with the feeding device, simplifies the connection of the powder delivery pipeline, avoids the blockage or uneven distribution of powder caused by complex pipelines, improves the powder delivery efficiency, and facilitates maintenance and adjustment. At the same time, the opening of the connection hole, the connection port and the weight-reducing slot also reduces the weight of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting base, the connecting base, the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the lens assembly module used in the embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram used to reflect the connection holes and connection ports in the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A.

[0043] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first connecting pipe, the second connecting pipe and the powder material conveying pipe according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged portion B.

[0045] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. mounting seat; 11. first mounting channel; 12. second mounting channel; 13. weight-reducing slot; 2. coaxial powder feeding nozzle; 21. annular powder feeding channel; 22. first connecting tube; 23. focusing tube; 24. second connecting tube; 25. powder material conveying tube; 26. powder feeding hole; 27. powder feeding tube; 28. air inlet; 3. lens module; 31. optical fiber insertion port; 32. protective gas inlet; 4. laser; 5. connecting seat; 511. connecting port; 51. first flange; 512. connecting hole; 52. second flange; 6. wire tube fixing piece; 61. fixing tube; 62. wire guide tube; 7. wire feeding assembly; 71. wire feeding seat; 72. wire feeding wheel assembly; 8. power supply tube; 9. insulating assembly; 91. first insulating sleeve; 92. second insulating sleeve; 93. wire outlet nozzle; 94. insulating nozzle sleeve; 95. insulating layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 This application is described in further detail.

[0047] The embodiment of the present application discloses a laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head includes a mounting seat 1 and six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2. A first mounting channel 11 is provided at the center of the mounting seat 1, and six second mounting channels 12 are also provided on the mounting seat 1, and the six second mounting channels 12 are circumferentially arranged around the first mounting channel 11. The first mounting channel 11 and the second mounting channel 12 are both cylindrical channels. The central axis of the six second mounting channels 12 intersects with the central axis of the first mounting channel 11 at the same point. The mounting seat 1 is provided with three weight-reducing through grooves 13 along its circumference, and the weight-reducing through grooves 13 pass through the top surface, bottom surface and outer peripheral surface of the mounting seat 1. Every two second mounting channels 12 form a group, and each group of second mounting channels 12 is located between two adjacent weight-reducing through grooves 13.

[0049] The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 corresponds to the second installation channel 12 one by one. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is arranged in an asymmetrical manner relative to the central axis of the mounting seat 1. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is installed at the bottom end of the second installation channel 12. The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 is coaxially arranged with the second installation channel 12. An annular powder feeding channel 21 is arranged around its own central axis in the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2. A lens assembly module 3 is installed in the top of each second installation channel 12. A fiber insertion port 31 is opened at the top of the lens assembly module 3. The lens assembly module 3 is connected to the laser 4 through the fiber insertion port 31. The fiber insertion port 31 is a universal structure of QBH, QCS and QD. A protective gas inlet 32 ​​is opened on the side of the lens assembly module 3 away from the first installation channel 11. The protective gas inlet 32 ​​is connected to the second installation channel 12. The lens assembly module 3 is coaxially arranged with the second installation channel 12.

[0050] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 The top end of the first installation channel 11 is bolted with a first flange 51, which is coaxial with the first installation channel 11. The first flange 51 is coaxially fixed with a wire tube fixing part 6, which is a fixed tube 61. The fixed tube 61 is integrally formed by a section of a cylindrical tube and a section of a truncated cone tube, and six coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2 surround the truncated cone tube section of the fixed tube 61. A wire guide tube 62 is fixed in the fixed tube 61, and the wire guide tube 62 extends from the top of the fixed tube 61. The first flange 51 is coaxially fixed with a connecting seat 5, and the bottom of the connecting seat 5 is located in the first installation channel 11. The top of the connecting seat 5 is coaxially fixed with a second flange 52, and the fixed tube 61 passes through the second flange 52, and the top surface of the fixed tube 61 is flush with the top surface of the second flange 52.

[0051] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 A wire feeding assembly 7 is installed on the second flange 52. The wire feeding assembly 7 includes a wire feeding seat 71. The wire feeding seat 71 is fixed on the second flange 52. A wire feeding wheel group 72 is installed on the wire feeding seat 71. The wire passes through the wire feeding wheel group 72 and penetrates into the wire guide tube 62. The wire feeding wheel group 72 is driven by a driving motor. An electric tube 8 is arranged above the wire feeding wheel group 72. The wire passes through the electric tube 8. The electric tube 8 can be connected to an external power supply and a control module. The wire feeding assembly 7, the electric tube 8 and the wire guide tube 62 are jointly provided with an insulating assembly 9.

[0052] Connect the power tube 8 to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, and the current passes through the wire and forms an arc between the wire outlet end and the substrate to achieve arc additive. At the same time, multiple lasers 4 can simultaneously emit lasers of different types and powers for additive, and when performing laser additive, the power tube 8 can also be connected to a hot wire power supply to preheat the wire, and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 can also deliver powder for additive. That is, this laser head can meet a variety of deposition methods such as arc fuse additive, laser fuse additive, laser powder feeding additive, laser arc composite wire feeding additive, laser arc composite wire powder co-feeding additive, etc.

[0053] The entire deposition head adopts a highly integrated and lightweight design, which effectively reduces the size and weight of the device by integrating multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2, lens module 3, wire guide tube 62, power tube 8 and other functional modules on a compact mounting base 1. This lightweight design can not only reduce the inertial burden of the device when it moves, improve the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also reduce energy consumption, help maintain the stability of the device during long-term work, and reduce energy waste.

[0054] The second installation channel 12 does not require the lens module 3 and the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 to be provided with an additional connection mechanism. The second installation channel 12 is not only used as an installation channel, but also as an exhaust channel for the protective gas and a transmission channel for the laser to pass through, which simplifies the structural design and makes the entire deposition head structure more compact, which is conducive to reducing the manufacturing difficulty and improving the assembly efficiency. At the same time, the protective gas also helps to take away the heat of the lens module 3, avoiding overheating of the lens, thereby reducing the damage of thermal stress to the optical element.

[0055] The connection method using only the mounting base 1 can not only simplify assembly, but also enhance the stability of the structure, ensure that the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, the wire feeding assembly 7 and the lens module 3 remain stable during operation, and reduce alignment deviations caused by vibration or external interference. In addition, this connection method supports modular design, making it easier to upgrade and expand the equipment. Users can easily add or replace the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, the wire feeding assembly 7 or the lens module 3 as needed to adapt to different deposition tasks.

[0056] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 The coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 includes a first connecting tube 22 and a focusing tube 23. The first connecting tube 22 is a cylindrical hollow tube, and the focusing tube 23 is a hollow frustum-shaped tube. The first connecting tube 22 and the focusing tube 23 are coaxially connected and integrally formed. The top of the first connecting tube 22 is installed in the second installation channel 12.

[0057] The first connecting tube 22 is sleeved with the second connecting tube 24, and the top end of the second connecting tube 24 is fixed to the bottom end of the first connecting tube 22. The bottom of the second connecting tube 24 is connected to the powder material conveying tube 25, and the powder material conveying tube 25 and the second connecting tube 24 are integrally formed. The powder material conveying tube 25 is a hollow truncated cone tube, and the powder material conveying tube 25 is sleeved on the focusing tube 23. The focusing tube 23, the powder material conveying tube 25, the first connecting tube 22 and the second connecting tube 24 are coaxial.

[0058] The space enclosed by the inner side wall of the bottom of the second connecting tube 24, the inner side wall of the powder material conveying tube 25 and the outer side of the focusing tube 23 is the annular powder delivery channel 21. The second connecting tube 24 is provided with two powder delivery holes 26, which are stacked about the central axis of the second connecting tube 24, and each powder delivery hole 26 is connected to a powder delivery pipe 27. One powder delivery pipe 27 is arranged toward the first installation channel 11, and the other powder delivery pipe 27 is arranged on the side of the second connecting tube 24 away from the first installation channel 11. Each second connecting tube 24 is provided with two air inlets 28.

[0059] like Figure 3 Six connecting holes 512 are provided on the first flange 51, each of which penetrates the circumference of the first flange 51, and the connecting holes 512 correspond to the powder delivery pipes 27 facing the fixed pipe 61 one by one, and the powder delivery pipes 27 pass through the connecting holes 512. Three connecting ports 511 are provided on the circumference of the connecting seat 5, and each of the connecting ports 511 corresponds to and communicates with two connecting holes 512.

[0060] Through the structure of the annular powder feeding channel 21, the powder can be uniformly transported around the laser. The powder can be evenly distributed around the laser, so that the powder absorbs the laser energy evenly. It also ensures that the powder is evenly distributed in the molten pool from all directions, which avoids the problem of uneven distribution of powder, concentration on one side or only local heating in traditional equipment, reduces the problem of powder directional anisotropy, and improves powder utilization and additive quality.

[0061] The powder delivery pipe 27 can pass through the connection hole 512 and the connection port 511 in sequence, which facilitates the connection of the powder delivery pipe 27 with the feeding device, simplifies the connection of the powder delivery pipe 27, avoids powder blockage or uneven distribution caused by complex pipelines, improves powder delivery efficiency, and facilitates maintenance and adjustment. At the same time, the opening of the connection hole 512 and the connection port 511 is also conducive to reducing the weight of the equipment.

[0062] like Figure 2 and Figure 5The lens module 3 includes a housing, the bottom of which is mounted on the top of the second mounting channel 12. A collimating lens (not shown in the figure) and a focusing lens (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the housing. A protective gas inlet 32 ​​is provided at one end of the housing close to the mounting seat 1. The laser passes through the collimating lens, the focusing lens, the second mounting channel 12, the first connecting tube 22 and the focusing tube 23 in sequence, and the laser is coaxial with the second mounting channel 12.

[0063] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 The insulating assembly 9 includes a first insulating sleeve 91 and a second insulating sleeve 92. The first insulating sleeve 91 is sleeved on the top of the conductive tube, the bottom of the conductive tube is connected with a wire outlet 93, the wire outlet 93 is sleeved with an insulating sleeve 94, the second insulating sleeve 92 is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the wire feeding wheel assembly 72, and the outer peripheral surface of the wire guide tube 62 is coated with an insulating layer 95. This can effectively block the leakage of current, prevent the current from being transmitted to non-conductive components or parts that the operator touches, and ensure the safety of equipment operation.

[0064] The implementation principle of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: the powder can be uniformly transported around the laser, multiple lasers can be emitted from different directions and act on the wire at the same time, and the power-on tube 8 is connected to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, and the current passes through the wire and forms an arc between the wire discharge end and the substrate to achieve arc additive. The power-on tube 8 can also be connected to a hot wire power supply to preheat the wire so that the wire can be better melted during laser additive. That is, through this application, various deposition methods such as arc fuse additive, laser fuse additive, laser powder additive, laser arc composite wire additive, and laser arc composite wire powder additive can be achieved. In addition, the entire deposition head adopts a highly integrated and lightweight design scheme, and the functional modules such as multiple coaxial powder feeding nozzles 2, laser mirror group, wire guide tube 62, and power-on tube 8 are integrated into a compact mounting base 1, which effectively reduces the volume and weight of the equipment. This lightweight design not only reduces the inertial burden of the device when it moves, improves the flexibility and response speed of deposition, but also reduces energy consumption and helps maintain the stability of the device during long-term work.

[0065] The embodiment of the present application also provides a laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition method, which uses the laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head of the embodiment of the present application to perform deposition, including the following steps: During the deposition step of laser additive manufacturing: S1, connect the power tube 8 to the hot wire power supply, and the other pole of the hot wire power supply is connected to the substrate; S2, start the wire feeding assembly 7, and feed the wire to the deposition area through the wire guide tube 62. After the wire contacts the substrate, the wire feeding assembly 7 stops moving, and the hot wire power supply is turned on to start preheating the wire; S3, start the laser 4, the laser is emitted through the lens module 3 and focused onto the surface of the wire and the substrate.

[0066] S4, start the wire feeding assembly 7 again, and feed the metal wire to the deposition area through the wire guide tube 62. At the same time, start the coaxial powder feeding system, and the powder is evenly fed out from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 around the laser beam, and is deposited layer by layer; During the deposition steps of arc additive: S1. Connect the power supply tube 8 to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, one pole is connected to the welding power supply, and the other pole is connected to the substrate. At this time, the arc is ignited and the metal wire begins to melt.

[0067] S2, the wire feeding assembly 7 continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc, and the electric arc melts the wire and deposits it on the substrate, forming a layer-by-layer stacking shape; S3. If necessary, the powder feeding system can be started after the molten pool is formed to feed the powder from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 into the molten pool area formed by the arc; During the deposition steps of laser arc composite additive: S1. Connect the power supply tube 8 to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, so that the arc ignites and melts the wire, and the wire feeding assembly 7 continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc.

[0068] S2. After the arc is ignited, the laser 4 is started, and the laser beam is focused to the molten pool area formed by the arc, and acts together with the arc; S3, start the powder feeding system, and the powder is fed into the area where the laser and the arc work together through the coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2, and the laser, the arc, the wire and the powder work together; S4, laser, arc, wire and powder are continuously and synchronously fed in and accumulated layer by layer; In the multi-laser, multi-powder silk-powder co-feeding laser arc additive deposition steps: S1, connecting the power supply tube 8 to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, so that the arc ignites and melts the wire, and the wire feeding assembly 7 continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc; S2, multiple lasers 4 emit different laser beams through the lens module 3, and all laser beams are focused to the deposition area from different angles; S3, start the powder feeding system, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle 2 simultaneously feeds different types of powders, and the powders surround their respective laser beams and are fed into the area where the arc and laser act together; S4. According to the additive control system, the powder output rate of each nozzle is adjusted in real time, and the power and emission time of the laser are accurately adjusted to ensure that the output parameters of different lasers are coordinated with the powder delivery rate.

[0069] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) and a mounting seat (1), wherein the plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are mounted on the mounting seat (1) and arranged around the central axis of the mounting seat (1), wherein the plurality of lens group modules (3) are mounted on the mounting seat (1), wherein the lens group modules (3) correspond to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) one by one, wherein the lens group modules (3) are connected to a laser (4), wherein a wire tube fixing member (6) is mounted on the mounting seat (1), wherein a wire guide tube (62) is fixed inside the wire tube fixing member (6), wherein a wire feeding assembly (7) is connected to the mounting seat (1), wherein an electric conduction tube (8) is arranged on the wire feeding assembly (7), and wherein an insulating assembly (9) is arranged together with the wire feeding assembly (7), the electric conduction tube (8) and the wire guide tube (62); The wire guide tube (62) is coaxially arranged with the mounting seat (1), and the central axes of several coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) intersect with the central axis of the mounting seat (1) at the same point, so that the central axes of several lasers and the center lines of the wires intersect at the same point. An annular powder feeding channel (21) is arranged around the central axis of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2), so that the powder is delivered around the laser.

2. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting seat (1) is provided with a first mounting channel (11), a first flange (51) is fixed in the first mounting channel (11), a connecting seat (5) is installed on the first flange (51), a second flange (52) is installed at one end of the connecting seat (5) away from the first flange (51), the wire feeding assembly (7) is installed on the second flange (52), and the wire tube fixing member (6) comprises a fixing tube (61), the fixing tube (61) is fixed to the first flange (51), so that the wire guide tube (62) is fixed in the fixing tube (61).

3. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wire feeding assembly (7) comprises a wire feeding seat (71), the wire feeding seat (71) is fixed on the second flange (52), and a wire feeding wheel assembly (72) is installed on the wire feeding seat (71).

4. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The insulating assembly (9) comprises a first insulating sleeve (91) and a second insulating sleeve (92), wherein the first insulating sleeve (91) is sleeved on the top of the power-carrying tube (8), the bottom of the power-carrying tube (8) is connected to a wire outlet nozzle (93), the wire outlet nozzle (93) is sleeved with an insulating nozzle sleeve (94), the second insulating sleeve (92) is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the wire feeding wheel assembly (72), and the outer peripheral surface of the wire guide tube (62) is coated with an insulating layer (95).

5. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting seat (1) is provided with a plurality of second mounting channels (12), the central axes of the plurality of second mounting channels (12) intersect with the central axis of the mounting seat (1) at a common point, the second mounting channels (12) correspond to the coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) one by one, one end of the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) and one end of the lens assembly module (3) are both fixed in the second mounting channels (12), the lens assembly module (3) is provided with a protective gas inlet (32), and the protective gas inlet (32) is communicated with the second mounting channels (12).

6. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) is provided with at least two powder feeding holes (26), each of the powder feeding holes (26) is connected to a powder feeding pipe (27), the first flange (51) is provided with a plurality of connecting holes (512), the connecting seat (5) is provided with a connecting port (511) in the circumferential direction, the connecting holes (512) are communicated with the connecting port (511), the powder feeding pipe (27) on the side of the guide wire fixing part corresponds to the connecting hole (512) one by one and passes through, and the mounting seat (1) is provided with a weight-reducing through groove (13).

7. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of coaxial powder feeding nozzles (2) are arranged in an asymmetrical manner relative to the central axis of the mounting seat (1).

8. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) comprises a first connecting tube (22) and a focusing tube (23), wherein the first connecting tube (22) is a cylindrical hollow tube, and the focusing tube (23) is a hollow truncated cone tube. The first connecting tube (22) and the focusing tube (23) are coaxially connected, and the first connecting tube (22) is sleeved with a second connecting tube (24). The first connecting tube (22) and the second connecting tube (24) are coaxially arranged, and the second connecting tube (24) is coaxially connected with a powder material conveying tube (25), and the powder material conveying tube (25) is a hollow truncated cone tube, and the powder material conveying tube (25) is sleeved on the focusing tube (23). The space between the second connecting tube (24), the powder material conveying tube (25) and the focusing tube (23) forms the annular powder feeding channel (21), and the powder feeding hole (26) is opened on the second connecting tube (24), and the powder feeding hole (26) is communicated with the annular powder feeding channel (21).

9. The laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the mirror assembly module (3) is provided with an optical fiber insertion port (31), and the laser (4) is connected to the mirror assembly module (3) through the optical fiber insertion port (31). The optical fiber insertion port (31) is a universal interface for QBH, QCS and QD.

10. A laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition method, characterized in that: Deposition is performed using the laser arc wire powder co-feeding coaxial deposition head as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: During the deposition step of laser additive manufacturing: S1, connecting the power supply tube (8) to the hot wire power supply, and connecting the other pole of the hot wire power supply to the substrate; S2, starting the wire feeding assembly (7), feeding the wire material to the deposition area through the wire guide tube (62), after the wire material contacts the substrate, the wire feeding assembly (7) stops moving, and the hot wire power supply is turned on to start preheating the wire material; S3, starting the laser (4), the laser is emitted through the lens module (3) and focused onto the surface of the wire and the substrate; S4, start the wire feeding assembly (7) again, and feed the metal wire to the deposition area through the wire guide tube (62). At the same time, start the coaxial powder feeding system, and the powder is evenly fed out from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) around the laser beam, and is deposited layer by layer; During the deposition steps of arc additive: S1, connect the power supply tube (8) to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, one pole is connected to the welding power supply, and the other pole is connected to the substrate. At this time, the arc is ignited and the metal wire begins to melt; S2, the wire feeding assembly (7) continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the electric arc, and the electric arc melts the wire and deposits it on the substrate, forming a layer-by-layer stacking shape; S3. If necessary, the powder feeding system can be started after the molten pool is formed to feed powder from the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) into the molten pool area formed by the arc; During the deposition steps of laser arc composite additive: S1, connecting the power supply tube (8) to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, so that the arc ignites and melts the wire, and the wire feeding assembly (7) continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc; S2. After the arc is ignited, the laser (4) is started, and the laser beam is focused to the molten pool area formed by the arc, and acts together with the arc; S3, starting the powder feeding system, the powder is fed into the area where the laser and the arc work together through the coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2), and the laser, the arc, the wire and the powder work together; S4, laser, arc, wire and powder are continuously and synchronously fed in and accumulated layer by layer; In the multi-laser, multi-powder silk-powder co-feeding laser arc additive deposition steps: S1, connecting the power supply tube (8) to the MIG or MAG additive fuse power supply, so that the arc ignites and melts the wire, and the wire feeding assembly (7) continuously feeds the wire into the molten pool area formed by the arc; S2, multiple lasers (4) emit different laser beams through the lens module (3), and all the laser beams are focused onto the deposition area from different angles; S3, starting the powder feeding system, each coaxial powder feeding nozzle (2) simultaneously feeds different types of powders, and the powders surround their respective laser beams and are fed into the area where the arc and the laser act together; S4. According to the additive control system, the powder output rate of each nozzle is adjusted in real time, and the power and emission time of the laser are accurately adjusted to ensure that the output parameters of different lasers are coordinated with the powder delivery rate.

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