A pultruded profile riveted combined structure and hole making method, and rail transit vehicle

Abstract

The present application discloses a pultruded profile riveted composite structure and a hole making method, and a rail transit vehicle, and relates to the field of composite material processing technology. The hole making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure includes: laying a glass fiber layer on a composite body to obtain a composite component by pultrusion; stacking a metal component on the composite component, and the metal component is located on one side of the composite body of the composite component; controlling the drilling equipment to enter from the opposite side where the metal component contacts the composite component, and penetrate the metal component and the composite component to form a combined riveted hole. The above-mentioned hole making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure effectively solves the problems of low hole making accuracy, easy delamination of the hole wall, and many burrs caused by traditional manual drilling in the metal and carbon fiber pultruded profile riveted structure by adding a glass fiber layer to the composite component and controlling the drilling equipment to accurately make holes, thereby improving the connection strength and reliability of the riveted structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of composite material processing, and in particular to a pultruded profile riveted composite structure and a hole making method, and a rail transit vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern industry, especially in the field of rail transportation, the performance requirements for vehicle structural materials are increasing. Traditional metal materials, due to their limitations such as high density and heavy weight, have gradually failed to meet the requirements of high-speed trains for lightweight and high strength. Therefore, carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRP) have begun to be widely used in the load-bearing structure of rail vehicles due to their high specific strength and high specific stiffness. The use of this material enables the body structure to be significantly lightweight while maintaining strength and stiffness, thereby improving the operating efficiency and economy of the train. In these applications, pultruded profiles have become one of the preferred materials for manufacturing body parts due to their excellent mechanical properties and manufacturing convenience.

[0003] Although the application of carbon fiber pultruded profiles in the field of rail vehicles has brought significant advantages, there are still some technical challenges in the actual manufacturing process, especially in the hole-making link of the riveted combined structure of pultruded profiles. Specifically, when it comes to the riveted combined structure of metal and carbon fiber pultruded profiles, the traditional manual drilling method often cannot guarantee the accuracy and quality of hole-making. This is because during the hole-making process, the particularity of carbon fiber materials causes it to easily produce burrs and delamination when drilling, while the metal part requires a different drilling strategy to avoid damage. This difference in material properties makes it difficult to achieve precise matching during the actual riveting process, which affects the connection strength and reliability of the entire structure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for making holes in a pultruded profile riveted composite structure, which effectively solves the problems of low hole making accuracy, easy delamination of the hole wall, and many burrs caused by traditional manual drilling in the metal and carbon fiber pultruded profile riveted structure by adding a glass fiber layer in the composite component and controlling the drilling equipment to make holes accurately, thereby improving the connection strength and reliability of the riveted structure. Another purpose of the present application is to provide a pultruded profile riveted composite structure and a rail transit vehicle.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a method for making holes in a pultruded profile riveted composite structure, comprising:

[0006] Laying a glass fiber layer on the composite body and obtaining a composite component by pultrusion;

[0007] Overlaying a metal component on the composite component, wherein the metal component is located on one side of the composite body of the composite component;

[0008] The drilling equipment is controlled to enter from the opposite side where the metal component contacts the composite component, and penetrate the metal component and the composite component to form a combined riveting hole.

[0009] In some embodiments, the glass fiber layer has a thickness of 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0010] In some embodiments, before the step of obtaining the composite component by pultrusion, the method further comprises:

[0011] The glass fiber layer and the composite material body are extruded and formed.

[0012] In some embodiments, the drilling equipment is provided with a drilling tool, and the drilling tool is provided with a top angle, a transverse blade bevel angle and a helix angle, the top angle is 80°~90°, the transverse blade bevel angle is 50°~60°, and the helix angle is 25°~35°.

[0013] In some embodiments, the metal component is provided with a base hole.

[0014] In some embodiments, before the step of controlling the drilling equipment to enter from the opposite side of the metal component in contact with the composite component, the method further includes:

[0015] A positioning drilling jig is placed on the metal component, wherein the positioning drilling jig is provided with a positioning hole, and the drilling equipment is positioned through the positioning hole.

[0016] In some embodiments, before the step of positioning the drilling device through the positioning hole, the method further includes:

[0017] A positioning pin is placed in the positioning hole, wherein the positioning pin is provided with a pin body;

[0018] Adjusting the positions of the positioning jig and the positioning pin so that the pin body is inserted into the base hole;

[0019] The composite component, the metal component and the positioning jig are fixed by a fixture, and the positioning pin is taken out.

[0020] In some embodiments, there are multiple positioning holes, and at least two of the positioning holes: have their centers staggered and their shapes partially overlap; and / or,

[0021] The positioning drilling jig comprises a first plate body and a second plate body connected to each other, the first plate body and the first surface of the second plate body are flush, the second surface of the first plate body is higher than the second surface of the second plate body, the first plate body is provided with the positioning hole, and the second plate body is used for the clamp to be pressed and fixed; and / or,

[0022] The first end of the positioning pin is provided with the pin body, and the second end of the positioning pin is provided with an extension rod.

[0023] The present application also provides a pultruded profile riveted combination structure, which is manufactured using the above-mentioned pultruded profile riveted combination structure hole making method, the pultruded profile riveted combination structure includes a metal component and a composite component, the metal component is located on a first side of the composite component, the composite component is provided with a glass fiber layer, the glass fiber layer is located on a second side of the composite component, and the metal component and the composite component are provided with a combined riveted hole.

[0024] The present application also provides a rail transit vehicle, including a vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body is provided with the above-mentioned pultruded profile riveted combined structure.

[0025] Compared with the above-mentioned background technology, the hole making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure provided in the present application mainly includes: laying a glass fiber layer on the composite body to obtain a composite component by pultrusion; superimposing a metal component on the composite component, and the metal component is located on the composite body side of the composite component; controlling the drilling equipment to enter from the opposite side where the metal component contacts the composite component, and penetrating the metal component and the composite component to form a combined riveted hole.

[0026] In the field of rail transit, with the increasing requirements for vehicle structural material performance, traditional metal materials can no longer meet the needs of high-speed trains for lightweight and high strength due to their weight and density limitations. Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRP) have become an ideal choice for rail vehicle load-bearing structures due to their high specific strength and high specific stiffness, achieving lightweight body structures and improving operating efficiency. However, in the process of making holes in the riveted structure of metal and carbon fiber pultruded profiles, the traditional manual drilling method has problems such as low precision, easy delamination of the hole wall, and many burrs, which seriously affect the connection strength and reliability of the structure.

[0027] In order to solve these problems, the present application proposes an innovative method for making holes in a pultruded profile riveted composite structure. The method first lays a glass fiber layer on the composite body and forms a composite component through a pultrusion process. This step strengthens the inner surface of the composite component and improves the stability and strength during the hole making process. Next, a metal component is stacked on the composite component to ensure that the metal component is located on one side of the composite body to prepare for precise hole making. Finally, the drilling equipment is controlled to enter from the opposite side where the metal component contacts the composite component, and the two are penetrated to form a combined riveted hole. This process can accurately control the depth and position of the drilling hole, ensure the accuracy and quality of the riveted hole, and avoid the errors and damage that may be caused by manual drilling.

[0028] In combination with the above structure and process description, it can be seen that the hole-making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure has at least the following beneficial effects: the hole-making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure effectively solves the problems of low hole-making accuracy, easy delamination of the hole wall, and many burrs caused by traditional manual drilling in the metal and carbon fiber pultruded profile riveted structure by adding a glass fiber layer in the composite component and controlling the drilling equipment to accurately make holes, thereby improving the connection strength and reliability of the riveted structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hole making method for a pultruded profile riveted assembly structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 The process of riveting the pultruded profile assembly structure provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 3 The process of riveting the pultruded profile assembly structure provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 4 The process of riveting the pultruded profile assembly structure provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a composite component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the drilling tool provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the drilling tool provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the positioning drilling template provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0038] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the positioning drilling template provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0039] Fig.10A schematic diagram of a positioning pin provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] in:

[0041] Composite component 1, composite body 11, glass fiber layer 12,

[0042] Metal part 2, base hole 21,

[0043] Combined riveting holes 3,

[0044] Drilling equipment 4, drilling tool 41, front face 411, main back face 412, secondary cutting edge 413, main cutting edge 414, spiral groove 415, chisel edge 416,

[0045] Positioning jig 5, positioning hole 51, first plate 52, second plate 53,

[0046] Positioning pin 6, pin body 61, extension rod 62,

[0047] Clamp 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0050] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 ,in, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hole making method for a pultruded profile riveted assembly structure provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 The process of riveting the pultruded profile assembly structure provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 , Figure 3 The process of riveting the pultruded profile assembly structure provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 , Figure 4 The process of riveting the pultruded profile assembly structure provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a composite component provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] In a first specific embodiment, the hole making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure provided in the embodiment of the present application mainly includes: S1, laying a glass fiber layer 12 on the composite body 11, and obtaining a composite component 1 by pultrusion; S2, superimposing a metal component 2 on the composite component 1, and the metal component 2 is located on one side of the composite body 11 of the composite component 1; S3, controlling the drilling equipment 4 to enter from the opposite side where the metal component 2 contacts the composite component 1, and penetrating the metal component 2 and the composite component 1 to form a combined riveted hole 3.

[0052] In the field of rail transit, with the increasing requirements for vehicle structural material performance, traditional metal materials can no longer meet the needs of high-speed trains for lightweight and high strength due to their weight and density limitations. Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRP) have become an ideal choice for rail vehicle load-bearing structures due to their high specific strength and high specific stiffness, achieving lightweight body structures and improving operating efficiency. However, in the process of making holes in the riveted structure of metal and carbon fiber pultruded profiles, the traditional manual drilling method has problems such as low precision, easy delamination of the hole wall, and many burrs, which seriously affect the connection strength and reliability of the structure.

[0053] In order to solve these problems, the present application proposes an innovative method for making holes in a pultruded profile riveted composite structure. The method first lays a glass fiber layer 12 on the composite body 11, and forms a composite component 1 through a pultrusion process. This step strengthens the inner surface of the composite component 1 and improves the stability and strength during the hole making process. Next, a metal component 2 is stacked on the composite component 1 to ensure that the metal component 2 is located on one side of the composite body 11, in preparation for precise hole making. Finally, the drilling equipment 4 is controlled to enter from the opposite side where the metal component 2 contacts the composite component 1, and the two are penetrated to form a combined riveted hole 3. This process can accurately control the depth and position of the drilling hole, ensure the accuracy and quality of the riveted hole, and avoid the errors and damage that may be caused by manual drilling.

[0054] In combination with the above structure and process description, it can be seen that the hole-making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure has at least the following beneficial effects: the hole-making method of the pultruded profile riveted composite structure effectively solves the problems of low hole-making accuracy and easy delamination of the hole wall and many burrs caused by traditional manual drilling in the riveted structure of the metal component 2 and the carbon fiber pultruded profile by adding a glass fiber layer 12 in the composite component 1 and controlling the drilling equipment 4 to accurately make holes, thereby improving the connection strength and reliability of the riveted structure.

[0055] In some embodiments, the thickness of the glass fiber layer 12 is 0.3-0.5 mm.

[0056] In this embodiment, the glass fiber layer 12 is designed to have a specific thickness range, i.e., 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The selection of this thickness is based on the precise calculation and experimental verification of the support force and stability required for the composite pultruded profile during the hole making process. This thickness range of the glass fiber layer 12 can provide sufficient internal support for the composite component 1 during hole making, effectively preventing the hole wall delamination and burr problems caused by drilling, while maintaining the overall lightweight advantage of the material.

[0057] By controlling the thickness of the glass fiber layer 12 to between 0.3 and 0.5 mm, the inner surface strength of the composite body 11 can be enhanced without sacrificing material properties, which is crucial to improving the durability and reliability of the entire composite component 1. In addition, this thickness range also helps to evenly combine the glass fiber layer 12 with the carbon fiber and other materials during the subsequent pultrusion process, thereby ensuring the overall performance of the composite component 1.

[0058] In some embodiments, before the step of obtaining the composite component 1 by pultrusion, the step further includes:

[0059] The glass fiber layer 12 and the composite body 11 are extruded and formed.

[0060] In this embodiment, before the composite component 1 is obtained by the pultrusion process, there is an additional step, that is, the glass fiber layer 12 is extruded and molded with the composite body 11. This step is to tightly combine the glass fiber layer 12 pre-laid on the composite body 11 with the composite body 11 by extrusion. The extrusion molding process helps the interface bonding between the glass fiber layer 12 and the composite body 11, enhances the bonding strength between the two, and ensures that the glass fiber layer 12 will not be separated from the composite body 11 in the subsequent pultrusion molding process, thereby ensuring the overall structural stability and consistency of the composite component 1.

[0061] Through this extrusion molding process, the durability of the composite component 1 during subsequent use can be improved, especially when subjected to mechanical stress and environmental influences. In addition, extrusion molding also helps to optimize the surface quality of the composite component 1 and reduce the generation of bubbles and voids, which is of great significance for improving hole making accuracy and reducing hole making defects. Therefore, this step is one of the key processes to ensure the quality and performance of the composite component 1.

[0062] It should be noted that the glass fiber layer 12 plays a vital role in the hole making process of the composite material, and it provides additional support for the inner surface. The role of this support is similar to that of a traditional pad, but the glass fiber layer 12 has more significant advantages. It not only prevents burrs and splitting problems at the hole exit of the composite material when making holes, but also solves the problem that the internal cavity space of the pultruded profile is limited and it is impossible to add a traditional pad. The addition of the glass fiber layer 12 is cleverly integrated into the molding process of the composite component 1, which is crucial to ensuring the performance of key structural components such as the body side beam profile.

[0063] Specifically, taking the composite component 1 used for the side beam profile of the vehicle body as an example, the process flow is as follows: First, according to the design requirements of the composite side beam, the composite body 11 is made according to the order and angle of carbon fiber paving, and the composite body 11 is provided with a carbon fiber layer. This step ensures the basic structure and mechanical properties of the composite body 11. Subsequently, a glass fiber layer 12 is added to the surface of the inner cavity of the composite body 11, and its thickness is controlled between 0.3 and 0.5 mm. An important function of the glass fiber layer 12 is to absorb excess resin during the pasting process of the carbon fiber cloth, which helps to improve the overall quality of the composite component 1 and reduce material waste. Finally, combined with the manufacturing process of the side beam profile, the glass fiber layer 12 is tightly combined with the composite body 11 through an extrusion molding process. This process step not only ensures the stability of the plane quality during the inner cavity pultrusion process, but also keeps the inner cavity surface flat, laying a solid foundation for subsequent precise hole making. In this way, the addition of the glass fiber layer 12 not only improves the hole making quality of the composite component 1, but also enhances the stability and reliability of its overall structure.

[0064] In some embodiments, the drilling equipment 4 uses an ADU automatic feed drill.

[0065] In this embodiment, the ADU automatic feed drill is an advanced drilling tool that can automatically control the feed speed and depth of the drilling, thereby achieving accurate and efficient drilling operations. This device is particularly suitable for drilling in a combined structure of composite materials and metal materials because it can reduce errors caused by human operation and improve the consistency and repeatability of drilling.

[0066] During the hole making process, the feed rate and speed of the drill bit 41 can be precisely controlled, which is essential to prevent burrs and delamination when drilling in composite materials such as carbon fiber. In addition, the ADU automatic feed drill can adapt to different material properties, ensuring that the drilling process in the combined structure of the metal component 2 and the composite component 1 is fast and accurate, thereby improving the quality and reliability of the entire riveted structure.

[0067] Please refer to the Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the drilling tool provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 , Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the drilling tool provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 .

[0068] In some embodiments, the drilling equipment 4 is provided with a drilling tool 41, and the drilling tool 41 is provided with a top angle, a transverse blade bevel angle and a helix angle. The top angle is 80°~90°, the transverse blade bevel angle is 50°~60°, and the helix angle is 25°~35°.

[0069] In this embodiment, the drilling device 4 is equipped with a specially designed drill 41, which has specific geometric parameters, and these parameters are carefully designed to meet the drilling requirements of composite materials and metal materials. The top angle of the drill 41 is set between 80° and 90°. Such a top angle design helps to reduce friction during drilling, making it easier for the drill bit to penetrate the composite component 1, while reducing heat generation and avoiding damage to composite materials such as carbon fiber.

[0070] The chisel edge bevel angle is designed to be between 50° and 60°, which helps guide the drill bit 41 to cut into the material correctly and stabilize the drill bit during drilling, reducing deviation and ensuring the straightness and accuracy of the drilled hole. The chisel edge bevel angle design also helps to reduce the extrusion of the material during drilling, thereby reducing the risk of hole wall delamination and burrs.

[0071] The helix angle is set between 25° and 35°. This angle range helps the drill 41 to remove chips smoothly when drilling, avoids chips from clogging the hole, and ensures the smoothness of the drilling process. The appropriate helix angle can also reduce the friction between the drill bit and the material, and extend the service life of the drill bit.

[0072] Preferably, the drill 41 adopts a metal drill bit. In order to take into account the need for drilling holes in the composite component 1, the top angle (α) of the end of the drill 41 is adjusted to between 80° and 90°, which is mainly responsible for drilling the composite material. The smaller top angle ensures that the main cutting edge cuts the carbon fiber layer more efficiently; the bevel angle (ψ) of the transverse edge is set to 55° to ensure minimum resistance during the hole-making process; the helix angle (ω) of the secondary cutting edge of the drill 41 is 30° to ensure that the drill 41 will not break when cutting metal materials.

[0073] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the drill 41 is provided with a front face 411 , a main rear face 412 , a secondary cutting edge 413 , a main cutting edge 414 , a spiral groove 415 and a chisel edge 416 .

[0074] Please refer to Figures 8 to 10 , Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the positioning drilling template provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1, Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the positioning drilling template provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 , Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a positioning pin provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0075] In some embodiments, the metal component 2 is provided with a base hole 21 .

[0076] In this embodiment, the base hole 21 is a standard hole pre-made on the metal component 2, which provides an accurate positioning reference for subsequent riveting and hole making work. By providing the base hole 21 on the metal component 2, the alignment accuracy of the metal component 2 and the composite component 1 can be ensured when riveting with the composite component 1, thereby improving the assembly accuracy and reliability of the entire riveted structure.

[0077] The presence of the base hole 21 also allows the drilling tool 41 of the drilling device 4 to accurately locate and enter the metal component 2 to achieve a precise hole making operation. This pre-set base hole design reduces the complexity and possibility of error in on-site operations, and also improves the efficiency of the hole making process, because it provides a clear reference point, allowing the drilling device 4 to quickly align and start the drilling process.

[0078] In addition, the base hole 21 also helps reduce damage to the metal component 2 during the drilling process because it allows the drill bit to be guided in the existing hole, avoiding the excessive friction and heat accumulation that may be caused by starting to drill from a completely solid material. This design is essential to protecting the integrity of the metal component 2 and extending its service life.

[0079] In some embodiments, before the step of controlling the drilling device 4 to enter from the opposite side where the metal component 2 contacts the composite component 1, the method further includes:

[0080] A positioning drilling jig 5 is placed on the metal component 2 . The positioning drilling jig 5 is provided with a positioning hole 51 , and the drilling device 4 is positioned through the positioning hole 51 .

[0081] In this embodiment, before starting the drilling device 4 to perform the drilling operation, there is a key pre-positioning step. Specifically, it involves the operation of placing a positioning jig 5 on the metal component 2. The positioning jig 5 is an auxiliary tool specially designed to ensure that the drilling device 4 is accurately aligned with the predetermined drilling position. It achieves this purpose through the positioning hole 51 provided. The positioning hole 51 is a hole reserved on the positioning jig 5 for guiding the drilling device 4 to be accurately positioned.

[0082] The accuracy and efficiency of drilling can be greatly improved by using the positioning jig 5 and the positioning holes 51. Once the position of the positioning jig 5 is determined, the drilling device 4 can be directly aligned with the contact area of ​​the metal component 2 and the composite component 1 through its positioning hole 51, ensuring that the drilling operation is carried out along the predetermined trajectory, thereby avoiding deviation or alignment errors.

[0083] In addition, the use of the positioning drilling jig 5 also helps to protect the safety of the operator because it reduces the need for manual adjustment of the drilling position on site and reduces the human errors that may occur during the operation. In general, this step is an important link to ensure the quality of the riveted structure and improve production efficiency.

[0084] In some embodiments, before the step of positioning the drilling device through the positioning hole 51, the method further includes:

[0085] A positioning pin 6 is placed in the positioning hole 51, and the positioning pin 6 is provided with a pin body 61;

[0086] Adjust the positions of the positioning jig 5 and the positioning pin 6 so that the pin body 61 is inserted into the base hole 21;

[0087] The composite component 1 , the metal component 2 and the positioning jig 5 are fixed with a fixture 7 , and the positioning pin 6 is taken out.

[0088] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the accurate positioning of the drilling device, a series of delicate operation steps are required before positioning the drilling device 4 through the positioning hole 51. First, a positioning pin 6 is placed in the positioning hole 51. The positioning pin 6 is specially designed with a pin body 61 to ensure the stability of the positioning drilling jig 5 and the accurate alignment of the drilling device.

[0089] Next, the positions of the positioning jig 5 and the positioning pin 6 need to be adjusted so that the pin body 61 can be accurately inserted into the pre-set base hole 21 on the metal component 2. This step is crucial because it ensures the precise fit between the positioning jig 5 and the metal component 2, thereby indirectly ensuring the alignment accuracy of the drilling device 4.

[0090] After the positioning jig 5 and the positioning pin 6 are correctly positioned, a clamp 7 is used to fix the composite component 1, the metal component 2 and the positioning jig 5 to ensure that they remain stable during the drilling process. The application of the clamp 7 provides additional support and fixation to prevent any displacement or vibration during the drilling process, which is crucial to maintaining the quality of the drilling.

[0091] Finally, after completing the above fixing steps, the positioning pin 6 is removed, leaving the accurately positioned positioning jig 5 and the drilling device 4, ready for the next drilling operation. The positioning pin 6 is removed after completing its positioning function, ensuring that the drilling device 4 can work without obstacles.

[0092] Through these fine adjustment and fixing steps, the method in the embodiment ensures the accuracy of the drilling operation and the quality of the riveted structure of the composite component 1 and the metal component 2, thereby improving the connection strength and reliability of the entire riveted structure.

[0093] In some embodiments, there are multiple positioning holes 51 , and at least two positioning holes 51 have their center positions staggered and their shapes partially overlap.

[0094] In this embodiment, a plurality of positioning holes 51 are designed on the positioning drilling jig 5, and the function of each positioning hole 51 is the same, that is, used to position the drilling device 4. However, these positioning holes 51 have a special layout design: their center positions are staggered and their shapes partially overlap. This design brings several significant advantages.

[0095] First, the overlapping arrangement of the plurality of positioning holes 51 saves space, because there is no need to allocate an independent area for each positioning hole 51, which makes the positioning drilling jig 5 more compact. Second, this design improves the flexibility of the positioning drilling jig 5, because the operator can select positioning holes 51 at different positions to adjust the working position of the drilling device 4 according to specific working requirements. This flexibility allows the positioning drilling jig 5 to adapt to different drilling positions and angles without redesigning or manufacturing new molds.

[0096] In addition, the design of multiple positioning holes 51 also provides a backup option. If a positioning hole 51 is worn or damaged due to long-term use, other positioning holes 51 can be used to continue the operation, thereby improving the continuity and efficiency of production. In general, this design improves the adaptability and service life of the positioning drilling template 5, and provides greater convenience and flexibility for drilling operations.

[0097] In some embodiments, the positioning drill template 5 includes a first plate body 52 and a second plate body 53 connected to each other, the first surfaces of the first plate body 52 and the second plate body 53 are flush, the second surface of the first plate body 52 is higher than the second surface of the second plate body 53, the first plate body 52 is provided with a positioning hole 51, and the second plate body 53 is used for the clamp 7 to be pressed and fixed.

[0098] In this embodiment, the structure of the positioning drilling jig 5 is composed of two connected plates, namely a first plate 52 and a second plate 53. This design makes the positioning drilling jig 5 more stable and practical during operation.

[0099] The first surfaces of the first plate 52 and the second plate 53 are flush, which means that the surfaces in contact with the metal component 2 are at the same level, ensuring the stability and flatness of the positioning drilling jig 5 when placed. The second surface of the first plate 52 is higher than the second surface of the second plate 53. This design enables the first plate 52 to provide enough space to set the positioning hole 51 and ensures that the drilling device 4 can smoothly operate through the positioning hole 51 during the drilling process.

[0100] The positioning hole 51 is provided on the first plate 52, and is used to accurately position the drilling device 4 to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the drilling. The second plate 53 is used to press and fix the clamp 7. Its existence enables the positioning drilling jig 5 to be firmly fixed on the metal component 2 and the composite component 1 to prevent displacement or vibration during the drilling process, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the drilling and the quality of the riveted structure.

[0101] In some embodiments, a pin body 61 is disposed at the first end of the positioning pin 6 , and an extension rod 62 is disposed at the second end of the positioning pin 6 .

[0102] In this embodiment, the design of the positioning pin 6 includes two main parts: a pin body 61 and an extension rod 62. The pin body 61 is located at the first end of the positioning pin 6, and its main function is to achieve accurate positioning. The pin body 61 is inserted into the positioning hole 51 to ensure that the relative position between the positioning drilling jig 5 and the metal component 2 is fixed, thereby providing a stable reference point for the drilling device 4. This positioning mechanism is crucial to ensure accuracy and repeatability during the drilling process.

[0103] The second end of the positioning pin 6 is provided with an extension rod 62, the main consideration of which is to facilitate the operator to easily take and place the positioning pin 6 after the drilling device 4 is positioned. The extension rod 62 provides an additional gripping portion, so that the operator can more easily control the placement and removal of the positioning pin 6, especially in situations where space is limited or precise operation is required. The presence of the extension rod 62 also reduces the risk of interference or damage to surrounding components when placing or removing the positioning pin 6.

[0104] In a specific embodiment, the present application proposes a precision hole making method for composite pultruded profiles, which starts from three key aspects: substrate inner surface enhancement, tool key parameter optimization, and base hole positioning drill jig design. First, in order to enhance the inner surface of the substrate, a glass fiber layer 12 is added to the inner cavity surface of the composite component 1. This measure effectively improves the support force of the hole outlet surface. By laying the glass fiber layer 12 on the inner cavity surface of the composite body 11 and extruding it with the composite body 11, the stability and strength of the composite component 1 during hole making are improved. Next, the key parameters of the drill 41 are optimized to adapt to the hole making characteristics of the metal component 2 and the composite material, and the top angle, cross blade bevel angle and spiral angle are comprehensively set, so that the drill 41 can operate more efficiently and accurately during the drilling process. Finally, a special base hole positioning drill jig 5 is designed to ensure that the surface with the base hole can be quickly positioned and fixed when using the ADU hole making equipment, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of drilling. Through these measures, the present application can effectively improve the hole-making quality of composite pultruded profiles and enhance the connection strength and reliability of riveted structures.

[0105] During the hole making process, the positioning jig 5 is first placed at the position to be riveted, and then the jig is initially clamped using the callan (clamp 7) to ensure its stability. This step is the basis of the hole making process and is related to the accuracy and reliability of subsequent operations. Subsequently, the positioning pin 6 is inserted into the jig hole, and it is ensured that it is fully inserted and fits with the base hole 21 to be drilled. This operation confirms the precise alignment of the jig position and the position to be drilled. After the jig position is fixed, the positioning pin 6 is removed to prepare for the next drilling operation. Finally, the ADU drill is inserted into the jig hole, and the switch is turned on to complete the preparation of the rivet hole (combined riveting hole 3). After the hole making is completed, there is no burr or delamination inside the rivet hole, showing the high precision of the hole making quality. The whole process is not only convenient and economical, but also fast, which greatly improves the efficiency and quality of hole making.

[0106] The present application also provides a pultruded profile riveted combined structure, which is made using the above-mentioned pultruded profile riveted combined structure hole making method, the pultruded profile riveted combined structure includes a metal component 2 and a composite component 1, the metal component 2 is located on the first side of the composite component 1, the composite component 1 is provided with a glass fiber layer 12, the glass fiber layer 12 is located on the second side of the composite component 1, and the metal component 2 and the composite component 1 are provided with a combined riveted hole 3.

[0107] The advantage of this structural design is that it can make full use of the material properties of the metal component 2 and the composite component 1, and achieve a high-strength connection between the two materials through precise hole making and riveting processes. The addition of the glass fiber layer 12 strengthens the inner surface of the composite component 1, improves the stability of the overall structure and the hole making quality. The combined rivet hole 3 is the key to connecting the metal component 2 and the composite component 1, and its high-precision preparation process ensures the reliability and durability of the riveted structure.

[0108] The pultruded profile riveted composite structure provided in the present application not only improves the material utilization rate and structural performance, but also realizes the precise connection of the structure through the optimized hole making process, providing a high-performance composite material structure solution for the fields of rail transit vehicles and the like.

[0109] The present application also provides a rail transit vehicle, including a vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body is provided with the above-mentioned pultruded profile riveted combined structure.

[0110] Specifically, in the manufacture of the side beam profile of the rail transit vehicle, the connection between the side beam (composite component 1) and the end chassis (metal component 2) is a key manufacturing step. The technical solution of the present application optimizes the riveting process of the side beam and the end chassis through a precise hole making method. In this solution, the side beam (composite component 1) and the end chassis (metal component 2) are connected through a combined riveting hole 3, wherein the composite component 1 is a carbon fiber pultruded hollow profile, and the metal component 2 has a base hole 21.

[0111] Utilizing the technical solution of the present application, the preparation of rivet holes is no longer the traditional manual drilling, but is achieved through a series of precise steps. First, the positioning jig 5 is placed at the position to be riveted and is initially clamped by the callout to ensure the stability of the jig. Next, the positioning pin 6 is inserted into the jig hole and fits perfectly with the base hole 21 to achieve precise positioning of the jig position and the position to be drilled. After the jig is fixed, the positioning pin 6 is removed to make room for the drilling operation. Finally, the ADU drill is inserted into the jig hole, and the switch is turned on to complete the preparation of the rivet hole.

[0112] This process not only improves the accuracy and quality of hole making, but also avoids the burr and delamination problems that may occur in manual drilling, ensuring that there are no burrs inside the riveted hole and no delamination on the hole wall, thereby improving the overall strength and reliability of the riveted structure. Through the technical solution of this application, the riveted connection between the side beam and the end chassis becomes more precise and stable, providing higher performance and longer service life for the body structure of rail transit vehicles.

[0113] It should be noted that many of the components mentioned in this application are universal standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles can be learned by those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through conventional experimental methods.

[0114] It should be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as first and second are merely used to distinguish one entity from other entities, but do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities.

[0115] The above is a detailed introduction to the pultruded profile riveted composite structure and hole making method and rail transit vehicle provided by the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for making holes in a pultruded profile riveted composite structure, characterized in that: include: Laying a glass fiber layer on the composite body and obtaining a composite component by pultrusion; Overlaying a metal component on the composite component, wherein the metal component is located on one side of the composite body of the composite component; The drilling equipment is controlled to enter from the opposite side where the metal component contacts the composite component, and penetrate the metal component and the composite component to form a combined riveting hole.

2. The hole making method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the glass fiber layer is 0.3-0.5 mm.

3. The hole making method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the step of obtaining the composite component by pultrusion, it also includes: The glass fiber layer and the composite material body are extruded and formed.

4. The hole making method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling equipment is provided with a drilling tool, and the drilling tool is provided with a top angle, a transverse blade bevel angle and a helix angle, the angle of the top angle is 80°~90°, the angle of the transverse blade bevel angle is 50°~60°, and the angle of the helix angle is 25°~35°.

5. The hole making method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal component is provided with a base hole.

6. The hole making method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Before the step of controlling the drilling equipment to enter from the opposite side of the metal component in contact with the composite component, the method further comprises: A positioning drilling jig is placed on the metal component, wherein the positioning drilling jig is provided with a positioning hole, and the drilling equipment is positioned through the positioning hole.

7. The hole making method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before the step of positioning the drilling equipment through the positioning hole, the method further comprises: A positioning pin is placed in the positioning hole, wherein the positioning pin is provided with a pin body; Adjusting the positions of the positioning jig and the positioning pin so that the pin body is inserted into the base hole; The composite component, the metal component and the positioning jig are fixed by a fixture, and the positioning pin is taken out.

8. The hole making method according to claim 7, characterized in that: There are multiple positioning holes, and at least two of the positioning holes have: their center positions staggered and their shapes partially overlapped; and / or, The positioning drilling jig comprises a first plate body and a second plate body connected to each other, the first plate body and the first surface of the second plate body are flush, the second surface of the first plate body is higher than the second surface of the second plate body, the first plate body is provided with the positioning hole, and the second plate body is used for the clamp to be pressed and fixed; and / or, The first end of the positioning pin is provided with the pin body, and the second end of the positioning pin is provided with an extension rod.

9. A pultruded profile riveted composite structure, made by the pultruded profile riveted composite structure hole making method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The pultruded profile riveted combined structure comprises a metal component and a composite component, wherein the metal component is located on a first side of the composite component, the composite component is provided with a glass fiber layer, the glass fiber layer is located on a second side of the composite component, and the metal component and the composite component are provided with a combined riveting hole.

10. A rail transit vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body is provided with the pultruded profile riveted combined structure as claimed in claim 9.

Images