Soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice and method of using the same

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice and a method for using the same. The soil conditioner is composed of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer. The invention has the following beneficial effects: as a phosphorus-containing fertilizer, since phosphorus and selenium have similar chemical behaviors in the soil and both exist in the form of anions, the presence of phosphorus releases selenium from the soil, thereby increasing the chemical effectiveness of selenium in the soil; biochar selects wheat biochar, and the application of biochar can increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon, increase the content of soil organic matter, and increase the biological effectiveness of selenium; at the same time, biochar has a porous structure and high adsorption, can adsorb and fix selenium in the soil, and is conducive to the stability and accumulation of selenium in the soil; quicklime is a commonly used regulator of soil structure and pH, and according to the soil type and its acidic condition, applying an appropriate amount of lime can change the soil pH and increase the biological effectiveness of selenium in the soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a soil conditioner, in particular to a soil conditioner for increasing the contents of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of development and utilization of selenium-rich soil resources. Background Art

[0002] Selenium is one of the essential trace elements for the human body. It can improve human immunity, prevent cancer, treat diabetes, and has an antagonistic effect on heavy metals. Strontium is an essential trace element for the human body. It is contained in all human tissues. Strontium can help the human body reduce the absorption of sodium and increase the excretion of sodium. Germanium is an activator of human enzymes, the source of human life power and the combustion aid of the fire of life. It plays a very important role in the human body. Zinc is a trace element required by the human body and plays a vital role in human health. However, due to the limited production technology of natural selenium-rich, strontium-rich, germanium-rich and zinc-rich agricultural products, the development of selenium-rich, strontium-rich, germanium-rich and zinc-rich soils has been restricted, so that the results of land quality surveys have not been well transformed. Therefore, how to rationally utilize selenium-rich, strontium-rich, germanium-rich and zinc-rich soil resources to develop green selenium-rich, strontium-rich, germanium-rich and zinc-rich industries is a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] At present, there are two main technologies for the development and utilization of selenium-rich soil resources: one is to use natural selenium-rich soil to produce selenium-rich agricultural products; the other is to produce selenium-rich agricultural products through exogenous selenium intervention (selenium fertilizer). However, there are certain risks in the application of selenium fertilizers, and the impact on the soil is unknown. It may cause certain pollution and is also a waste of soil selenium resources. Therefore, for natural selenium-rich soils, applying soil conditioners to produce selenium-rich agricultural products has great research value and market potential. In addition, there is little research on the production technology of functional agricultural products for strontium, germanium, and zinc.

[0004] At present, the activation of selenium in soil mainly involves adding soil conditioners, such as straw biochar, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, chitosan and other materials, to improve the biological effectiveness of selenium in soil by improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. In the relevant research results in the prior art, the activation effects of different activation materials on selenium in the soil have been verified. For example, in the prior art, a method for activating selenium-rich mineral powder and a boron-selenium soil conditioner containing the selenium-rich mineral powder disclosed in publication number CN118325623A include finely grinding and sieving selenium-rich ore to obtain selenium-rich mineral powder, finely grinding and sieving dolomite and magnesia borax to obtain an activator, and then evenly mixing the selenium-rich mineral powder and the activator, placing them in a suspension kiln for calcination, and mixing them again after cooling to obtain an activated selenium-rich mixed powder; however, the activation effect of the activation material on the selenium element in the soil will be affected by relevant factors such as soil pH, soil organic matter, soil redox status, and the like, and there are few research results on the activation technology for strontium, germanium, and zinc. Further research is needed to improve the effective selenium in the soil in selenium-rich, strontium-rich, germanium-rich, and zinc-rich areas.

[0005] Therefore, combining the local soil environment and agricultural production conditions, screening activation materials suitable for local selenium-, strontium-, germanium-, and zinc-rich soils will help to better formulate strategies for the development and utilization of local soil selenium, strontium, germanium, and zinc resources. Based on this, the present application proposes a soil conditioner for increasing the selenium, strontium, germanium, and zinc content of rice and a method for using the same. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice and a method for using the same in order to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical scheme: a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice, comprising a soil conditioner, wherein the constituent raw materials of the soil conditioner are composed of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer, and the constituent raw materials of the soil conditioner are mixed in the following weight proportions: 50 to 60 parts by weight of quicklime; 40 to 50 parts by weight of biochar; 70 to 75 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer; the soil conditioner is prepared by uniformly mixing the raw materials.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the phosphate fertilizer of the soil conditioner includes but is not limited to superphosphate.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the biochar used as a soil conditioner includes but is not limited to wheat biochar.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention, quicklime as a soil conditioner changes the pH value of the soil.

[0011] A method for using a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice comprises the soil conditioner. The method for using the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: S1. preparing a soil conditioner by proportioning, weighing a certain amount of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer according to the weight ratio of each component raw material of the soil conditioner, and mixing the weighed quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer together to prepare a soil conditioner; S2. Soil tillage: Soil tillage is carried out in the area where rice is to be planted to loosen the soil, improve the physical properties of the soil, and increase the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer; S3. Spread and maintain the conditioner. Evenly spread the prepared soil conditioner into the soil. After the irrigation and maintenance are completed, crops can be planted.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: in S2, the soil tillage depth is 20 to 25 cm.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: in S3, the time of irrigation and curing is 6 to 8 days.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The soil conditioner disclosed in the present invention is composed of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer. As a phosphorus-containing fertilizer, phosphorus and selenium have similar chemical behaviors in the soil and both exist in the form of anions. The presence of phosphorus can release selenium from the soil, thereby improving the chemical effectiveness of selenium in the soil; 2) Biochar selection: Wheat biochar is a thermal cracking product of wheat in a partially anoxic environment. It has strong chemical and thermal stability. The application of biochar can increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon, increase the content of soil organic matter, and increase the biological effectiveness of selenium. The mechanism is that biochar can increase the pH value of the soil. 3) Under alkaline conditions, selenium in the soil is more easily oxidized to selenate, thereby increasing the biological effectiveness of selenium. At the same time, biochar has a porous structure and high adsorption capacity, which can adsorb and fix selenium in the soil to prevent its loss. This structure also provides more attachment points for selenium, which helps stabilize and accumulate selenium in the soil. 4) The surface of biochar contains a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, which can react chemically with selenium to form stable compounds, thereby improving the bioavailability of selenium in the soil. Soil pH is an important factor affecting soil bioavailability. Quicklime is a commonly used regulator of soil structure and pH. According to the soil type and its acidity, applying an appropriate amount of lime can significantly change the soil pH and improve the bioavailability of selenium in the soil. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of selenium content in rice of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of strontium content in rice of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of germanium content in rice of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the zinc content of rice of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the tillering number, plant height, chlorophyll and thousand-grain weight of Enshi rice of the present invention; Figure 6 The figure is a comparison chart of tillering number, plant height, chlorophyll and thousand-grain weight of Caidian rice of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Embodiment 1. This embodiment provides a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice. The constituent raw materials of the soil conditioner are composed of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer. The constituent raw materials of the soil conditioner are mixed in the following weight proportions: 50 to 60 parts by weight of quicklime; 40 to 50 parts by weight of biochar; 70 to 75 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer; the soil conditioner is prepared by uniformly mixing the raw materials.

[0018] Superphosphate: produced in Hubei, with effective phosphorus (P2O5) content ≥120g / kg; wheat biochar: produced in Henan, with carbon content ≥950g / kg; quicklime: produced in Zhejiang, with CaO≥99%.

[0019] Embodiment 2. In addition to all the technical features of Embodiment 1, this embodiment also includes: the phosphate fertilizer of the soil conditioner includes but is not limited to superphosphate. As a phosphate-containing fertilizer, since phosphorus and selenium have similar chemical behaviors in the soil and both exist in the form of anions, the presence of phosphorus can release selenium from the soil, thereby improving the chemical effectiveness of selenium in the soil.

[0020] Biochar as a soil conditioner includes but is not limited to wheat biochar, which is a thermal cracking product of wheat in a partially anoxic environment and has strong chemical and thermal stability. The application of biochar can increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon, increase the content of soil organic matter, and increase the bioavailability of selenium. The mechanism is that biochar can increase the pH value of the soil. Under alkaline conditions, selenium in the soil (especially selenite) is more easily oxidized to selenate, thereby increasing the bioavailability of selenium. At the same time, biochar has a porous structure and high adsorption capacity, which can adsorb and fix selenium in the soil to prevent its loss. This structure also provides more attachment points for selenium, which helps to stabilize and accumulate selenium in the soil. In addition, the surface of biochar contains more oxygen-containing functional groups, which can react chemically with selenium to form stable compounds, thereby increasing the bioavailability of selenium in the soil.

[0021] Quicklime as a soil conditioner changes soil pH, which is an important factor affecting soil bioavailability. Quicklime can increase the bioavailability of selenium in the soil, improve soil type and its acidity, and is a commonly used regulator of soil structure and pH.

[0022] Embodiment 3, a method for using a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice, comprising a soil conditioner, and the method for using the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: S1. preparing a soil conditioner by proportioning, weighing a certain amount of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer according to the weight ratio of each component raw material of the soil conditioner, and mixing the weighed quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer together to prepare a soil conditioner; S2. Soil tillage: Soil tillage is carried out in the area where rice is to be planted to loosen the soil, improve the physical properties of the soil, and increase the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer; S3. Spread and maintain the conditioner. Evenly spread the prepared soil conditioner into the soil. After the irrigation and maintenance are completed, crops can be planted.

[0023] It should be noted that in S2, the soil tillage depth is 20 to 25 cm, and in S3, the irrigation and maintenance time is 6 to 8 days.

[0024] Embodiment 4, as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for using a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice, wherein the soil conditioner is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts by weight of quicklime and 50 parts by weight of wheat biochar. The specific steps are as follows: take the quicklime and wheat biochar in the above weight proportions and mix them evenly to obtain a selenium-rich soil conditioner.

[0025] Operation method: 1. Till the soil to a depth of 20 cm; 2. Sprinkle soil conditioner evenly into the soil and soak it in water for 1 week; 3. Plant crops after irrigation and maintenance.

[0026] Potted plant experiment design: The topsoil (0-20 cm) of the selenium-rich areas in Enshi Prefecture and Caidian, Wuhan was collected as potted soil. Rongyou Huazhan and Y Liangyou 1928 were tested rice varieties. Potted plant experiments were carried out in the Zhangwan Street Selenium-rich Industry Experimental Research Base in Caidian District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province. The entire experiment was carried out in a greenhouse to maintain ventilation and sufficient light. The experiment set up 4 treatments, 5 repetitions, and a total of 20 potted plants, which were randomly placed.

[0027] Field experiment design: It was conducted in rice planting areas in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province and Caidian District, Wuhan City, which are rich in selenium. On the basis of conventional rice fertilization management, three treatments consistent with the pot experiment were set up, plus a blank control, and each treatment was repeated 3 times, with a total of 12 plots, each with an area of ​​approximately 20m 2 A protective row of about 1m and a drainage ditch were set between each plot, and the experimental plots were arranged according to the random block design. Rice cultivation management and harvesting were carried out in accordance with the local standardized production technology requirements of crops.

[0028] Control group: blank (CK) Treatment 1: 75 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 25 parts by weight of wheat biochar Treatment 2: 75 parts by weight of superphosphate + 25 parts by weight of wheat biochar Treatment 3: 50 parts by weight quicklime + 25 parts by weight wheat biochar The selenium content in rice seeds was tested during the rice maturity period: the selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc contents in rice seeds are shown in Tables 1-4, and the statistical data of rice plant height, tiller number, chlorophyll and 1000-grain weight are shown in Table 5.

[0029] Table 1 shows the selenium content in rice seeds

[0030] Table 2 shows the strontium content in rice seeds

[0031] Table 3 shows the germanium content in rice seeds

[0032] Table 4 shows the zinc content in rice seeds

[0033] Table 5 shows the statistics of rice agronomic shape

[0034] Test results: The test results of selenium content in mature rice seeds are shown in Table 1. After applying soil conditioners, the selenium content of all test groups increased, with the highest being treatment 2, where the selenium content increased by 113.86%. In general, the addition of soil conditioners can promote the absorption of selenium by plants, and the amount of soil conditioners applied in treatment 1 has the best effect on increasing the selenium content of rice planted in the soils of Enshi and Caidian.

[0035] The test results of strontium content in mature rice seeds are shown in Table 2. After applying soil conditioners, the strontium content of treatments 1 and 3 increased, with the highest being treatment 3, where the strontium content increased by 65.2%. In general, the addition of soil conditioners promoted the absorption of strontium by rice, especially the amount of soil conditioners applied in treatment 3, which had the best effect on increasing the strontium content of rice planted in the two soils.

[0036] The test results of germanium content in rice seeds at maturity are shown in Table 3. After applying soil conditioners, the germanium content of all test groups increased, with the highest being treatment 3, where the germanium content increased by up to 138.50%. In general, the addition of soil conditioners promoted the absorption of germanium by rice, especially the amount of soil conditioners applied in treatment 3, which had the best effect on increasing the germanium content of rice planted in the two soils.

[0037] The test results of zinc content in rice seeds at maturity are shown in Table 4. After applying soil conditioners, the zinc content of all test groups increased, with the highest being treatment 2, where the zinc content increased by up to 38.43%. In general, the addition of soil conditioners promoted the absorption of zinc by rice, especially the amount of soil conditioners applied in treatment 1, which had the best effect on increasing the zinc content of rice planted in the two soils.

[0038] The tiller number, chlorophyll, plant height and 1000-grain weight of rice at maturity are shown in Table 5. Compared with the control group, the plant height and tiller number of the group treated with soil conditioners increased, which proved that soil conditioners had a certain promoting effect on the growth of rice in high-selenium and high-cadmium soils; the 1000-grain weight also increased compared with the control group, proving that soil conditioners have the potential to promote the quality and yield of rice; compared with the control group, the application of soil conditioners increased the chlorophyll content in the leaves of rice plants, which may be related to the improvement of photosynthesis.

[0039] Comprehensive analysis of the experimental results showed that the application of soil conditioners effectively increased the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice, and improved the quality and yield of rice.

[0040] Soil conditioners are composed of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilizer can release selenium from the soil and improve the chemical effectiveness of selenium in the soil. Biochar can increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon, increase the content of soil organic matter, and increase the biological effectiveness of selenium. Quicklime is a commonly used regulator of soil structure and pH. Depending on the soil type and its acidity, applying an appropriate amount of lime can significantly change the soil pH and improve the biological effectiveness of selenium in the soil.

[0041] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0042] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice, characterized in that: The soil conditioner is composed of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer; wherein the soil conditioner is composed of quicklime in the following weight proportions: 50-60 weight parts of quicklime; 40-50 weight parts of biochar; 70-75 weight parts of phosphate fertilizer; The soil conditioner is prepared by uniformly mixing various raw materials.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphate fertilizer of the soil conditioner includes but is not limited to superphosphate.

3. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochar of the soil conditioner includes but is not limited to wheat biochar.

4. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quicklime of the soil conditioner changes the soil pH.

5. A method for using a soil conditioner for increasing the content of selenium, strontium, germanium and zinc in rice, comprising the soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method for using the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: S1. preparing a soil conditioner by proportioning, weighing a certain amount of quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer according to the weight ratio of each component raw material of the soil conditioner, and mixing the weighed quicklime, biochar and phosphate fertilizer together to prepare a soil conditioner; S2. Soil tillage: Soil tillage is carried out in the area where rice is to be planted to loosen the soil, improve the physical properties of the soil, and increase the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer; S3. Spread and maintain the conditioner. Evenly spread the prepared soil conditioner into the soil. After the irrigation and maintenance are completed, crops can be planted.

6. The method for using the soil conditioner according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S2, the soil is tilled to a depth of 20 to 25 cm.

7. The method for using the soil conditioner according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S3, the irrigation and curing time is 6 to 8 days.

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