A rice husk gasification co-production charcoal steam system and method
By adopting closed negative pressure wind transportation, closed square ware storage and carbon gas secondary separation device in the rice hull gasification co-production carbon steam system, dust spillover and water leakage problems are solved, and high-efficiency biomass carbon and steam production is achieved, and the safety and stability of the system are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411899866.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
The existing rice hull gasification co-production carbon steam system is prone to dust spillage and leaks in the furnace screen cooling system during the raw material transportation process, resulting in unstable system operation and safety hazards.
The raw material conveying system is adopted for sealed negative pressure wind power transportation and closed square ware storage. The gasification furnace is designed as a closed structure and is equipped with a carbon-gas secondary separation device. The gas and carbon are divided into two different channels, and the furnace screen cooling system is cancelled.
It effectively solves the problems of dust spillage and water leakage, realizes high-efficiency production of biomass carbon and steam, and improves the safety and stability of the system.
Smart Images
Figure CN119752484A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of clean energy, and in particular to a rice husk gasification and co-production charcoal steam system and method. Background Art
[0002] Biomass is a green, environmentally friendly, renewable resource. It is an important energy source for humans and an important part of the global chemical and energy fields. Compared with other renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, hydropower and geothermal energy, biomass energy is less restricted by natural environmental conditions. Moreover, biomass energy is the only renewable carbon source with a special material composition. It can be used for chemical product production, clean fuel conversion and functional carbon material preparation. It is expected to replace petrochemical products and serve as a supplement to fossil fuels to increase energy supply. As a major agricultural country, my country is rich in biomass resources. It can produce about 3.539 billion tons of agricultural biomass resources, about 195 million tons of forestry biomass resources, and about 245 million tons of urban biomass resources each year, totaling 3.979 billion tons. Among them, the part that can be used for resource utilization is 326 million tons, accounting for about 8.2%.
[0003] Waste biomass refers to natural wastes generated or involved in the process of biomass death, growth, harvesting and utilization, as well as wastes generated by human and animal behavior. It is of various types and low cost, usually including agricultural straw and rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, coffee shells and other crop food processing wastes, forestry residues and sawdust and other wood processing wastes, aquatic wastes such as algae, animal feces, domestic sludge and kitchen waste and other urban solid wastes, as well as industrial organic wastes such as pulp. Waste biomass energy can be converted into high-value-added chemicals or fuels through various thermochemical, biochemical, physical and chemical (ester exchange) and physical briquetting and granulation technologies. It can be safely, stably, flexibly and widely used in various fields such as industry, agriculture, transportation, life and other fields of different scales, and cannot be replaced by other renewable energy sources. Thermochemical conversion technology, which came into being based on the characteristics of biomass energy, has the advantages of being able to fully convert biomass, all by-products can be recycled, shorter reaction time, higher tolerance for raw materials, wide range of product uses, and easy process operation, and has development and application value. The biomass pyrolysis multi-generation technology in the thermochemical conversion route can achieve the clean utilization of biomass, and produce high-value products such as high-quality gas, biochar, bio-oil, etc. while efficiently treating waste.
[0004] When the rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal steam system of the prior art is in operation, a common loader is usually used in the raw material conveying step, which leads to dust overflow during the operation of the rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal steam system. After the produced gas and charcoal fall into the cone from the sieve holes of the furnace plate at the same time, the dust is sucked away by the gas and easily blocks the pipeline. In addition, the furnace screen cooling system used in the rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal steam system is also prone to water leakage. For this reason, we propose a rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal steam system and method. Summary of the invention
[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a rice husk gasification and charcoal steam co-production system and method. The raw material conveying system of the present invention adopts closed negative pressure wind conveying and closed square warehouse storage. The gasifier furnace is a closed structure, the lower part is a high-temperature oxidation reaction zone, and the upper part is a pyrolysis and drying zone. The rice husk undergoes pyrolysis and gasification reaction with the air inhaled from the top. The gasifier device is equipped with a secondary charcoal gas separation device, and the fuel gas and charcoal are divided into two different channels. The present invention optimizes the structure of the system to achieve high-efficiency production of biomass charcoal and steam, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal steam system and method, comprising a feeding system, a gasification furnace device, a charcoal discharging and conveying storage system, a gas combustion heat exchange system, an air supply system, and a flue gas treatment system. The feeding system comprises a suction machine, a raw material bin, a transverse scraper, a longitudinal belt conveyor, and a bucket elevator. The suction machine is installed outside the raw material bin for sucking and feeding biomass raw materials, and three groups of transverse scraper bodies and three groups of longitudinal belt conveyor bodies are arranged at the bottom of the raw material bin. The belt conveyor is used to feed the biomass raw materials into the bucket elevator. The bucket elevator is connected to the gasifier of the gasifier device through a pipeline for feeding, and the gasifier is equipped with a secondary carbon gas separation device, and the fuel gas and the carbon are divided into two different channels. The water-cooled screw conveyor of the carbon discharge and transportation storage system is installed at the carbon discharge position of the gasifier to lead the carbon out, and the gas transportation equipment of the carbon discharge and transportation storage system is connected between the water-cooled screw conveyor and the carbon bin for transportation and storage of carbon; The steam boiler of the gas combustion system is connected to the exhaust pipe of the gasifier through a cyclone separator, and a high-temperature gas blower of the air supply system is installed between the cyclone separator and the exhaust pipe of the gasifier; The exhaust flue gas pipe of the steam boiler is connected to the air inlet pipe of the bag filter of the flue gas treatment system, and the exhaust pipe of the bag filter is connected to the chimney of the flue gas treatment system through a high-temperature gas fan.
[0007] Furthermore, a belt conveyor is provided at the top of the gasifier to deliver the biomass raw materials to the front silo of the gasifier, and a screw conveyor is provided to push the materials in. By adopting the above technical solution, the top furnace body of the gasifier can be well loaded with materials by means of a belt conveyor in cooperation with a screw conveyor.
[0008] Furthermore, the gasifier is equipped with a charcoal gas secondary separation device, which separates the fuel gas and char into two different channels; By adopting the above technical solution, the gas and charcoal are divided into two different channels, which prevents the gas and charcoal from falling into the cone from the sieve holes of the furnace plate at the same time and then the dust is sucked away by the gas and blocks the pipeline.
[0009] Furthermore, the gas furnace screen gear of the gasifier is externally mounted, so that the gas furnace screen gear can work at room temperature. By adopting the above technical solution, the gas screen gear of the gasifier works at room temperature, the screen cooling system is eliminated, and the worry of water leakage is completely solved.
[0010] Furthermore, the furnace body of the gasifier is in a sealed state, and the amount of air in the gasifier is controlled by an air distribution fan; By adopting the above technical solution, the amount of air in the gasification furnace is controlled by the air distribution fan, and the proportion of air in the furnace is controlled, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of detonation.
[0011] Furthermore, the steam boiler is equipped with a water supply system using a single main pipe, and a low-pressure water inlet pipe supplies water to a water supply pump corresponding to the boiler; By adopting the above technical solution, the water supply system of the steam boiler can better deliver water to the water supply platforms of the two boilers respectively.
[0012] Furthermore, the water supply system is equipped with a water supply deoxygenation system, a set-up blowdown expansion tank, a deaerator working pressure of 0.02 MPa, an outlet water temperature of 104°C, the deaerator heating steam is extracted from the boiler drum, and the deaerator feed water is supplied by two routes, one directly from the water treatment workshop, and the other from the gasifier cooling water; By adopting the above technical solution, the water supply system is equipped with a water supply deoxygenation system to effectively deoxygenate, and the feed water for the deaerator can be supplied by the cooling water of the water treatment workshop and the gasifier 2.
[0013] Furthermore, the main steam generated by the steam boiler is respectively sent to the sub-cylinders, and then sent from the sub-cylinders to the steam access points of each heat user through the main steam pipeline; By adopting the above technical solution, the steam boiler can supply heat to the main steam pipeline through the sub-cylinder, so as to facilitate the steam access points of various heat users to supply heat.
[0014] Furthermore, the steam boiler blowdown is divided into continuous blowdown and periodic blowdown, and the blowdown is connected to the blowdown expansion tank, the blowdown expansion tank has a design pressure of 0.80MPa and a design temperature of 175°C, and there is a total of 1 unit. The blowdown expansion tank is connected to the blowdown cooling pool; By adopting the above technical solution, the service life of the steam boiler can be extended after regular sewage treatment of the steam boiler.
[0015] Further, the processing method includes the following: Rice husk and other raw materials are sent into the front silo of the gasifier by the raw material conveying system, and then sent into the gasifier through the feeding device. The furnace of the gasifier is a closed structure, with a high-temperature oxidation reaction zone at the bottom and a pyrolysis and drying zone at the top. The rice husk undergoes pyrolysis and gasification reaction with the air inhaled from the top to generate biomass gas and rice husk charcoal. The biomass gas enters the high-temperature gas combustion chamber under the suction action of the high-temperature gas fan and continues to burn and release heat with the combustion air sent in. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is sent to the steam boiler to produce steam, and the steam is provided to corporate users through the pipeline network; the flue gas is cooled to 150°C by the steam boiler and purified by the tail flue gas purification system and then discharged through the chimney. The rice husk charcoal is cooled by a water-cooled screw conveyor and then discharged. The completely cooled rice husk charcoal is sent to the rice husk charcoal temporary storage bin by the conveying device.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: ① Raw material conveying system: The unloading and conveying system adopts closed negative pressure wind conveying and closed square warehouse storage to optimize the production process, reduce pollutant emissions and achieve clean production.
[0017] ② The gasifier adopts a fully enclosed design, and the feeding system adopts a closed feeding device. The overall feeding process is dust-free and there is no dust overflow. During the production process of the gasifier, no human intervention is required. One person can complete the operation of three to five gasifiers, burners, and boilers. No personnel intervention is required on the furnace top, avoiding safety hazards.
[0018] ③ The gas and charcoal are divided into two different channels, which prevents the gas and charcoal from falling into the cone from the sieve holes of the furnace plate at the same time and the dust being sucked away by the gas and clogging the pipeline.
[0019] ⑤ The gas furnace screen gear is external and works at room temperature, eliminating the furnace screen cooling system and completely solving the worry of water leakage.
[0020] ⑥The gasifier is in a sealed state. The amount of air in the gasifier is controlled by the air distribution fan, and the proportion of air in the furnace is controlled, which effectively avoids the occurrence of detonation.
[0021] ⑦ The engineering boiler adopts a double-drum longitudinally arranged waste heat boiler. The waste heat boiler technology is mature and reliable, with a short construction period and high heat exchange efficiency.
[0022] ⑧This system is a biomass gasification system with extremely low sulfur content. The flue gas treatment adopts SNCR denitrification + bag dust removal system, which is lower than the limit value of the national ultra-low emission standard concentration of NOx. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a rice husk gasification co-production charcoal and steam system and method.
[0024] In the figure: 1. Bucket elevator; 2. Gasification furnace; 3. Water-cooled screw conveyor; 4. Cyclone separator; 5. Steam boiler; 6. High-temperature gas fan; 7. Bag dust collector; 8. Chimney. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.
[0026] Example 1 The raw materials such as rice husk are fed into the silo in front of the furnace by the raw material conveying system, and then fed into the gasifier 2 through the feeding device. The furnace of the gasifier 2 is an insulated structure, with a high-temperature oxidation reaction zone at the bottom and a pyrolysis and drying zone at the top. The rice husk reacts with the air sucked in from the top to undergo pyrolysis, gasification and combustion, generating biomass fuel gases such as CO, H2, CH4 and rice husk charcoal. The biomass gas enters the high-temperature gas combustion chamber under the suction action of the high-temperature gas fan and continues to burn and release heat with the supplied combustion air. The chemical reaction equation of CO combustion is: 2CO+O2→2CO2, the chemical reaction equation of H2 combustion is: 2H2+O2→2H2O, and the chemical reaction equation of CH4 combustion is: CH4+O2→CO2+H2O. The high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion is sent to the steam boiler 5 to produce steam, and the steam is provided to corporate users through the pipeline network; the rice husk charcoal is cooled by the water-cooled screw conveyor 3 and then discharged, and then deeply cooled by the rotary charcoal cooler. The completely cooled rice husk charcoal is sent to the rice husk charcoal temporary storage warehouse by the conveying device and packaged.
[0027] Rice husk charcoal technical indicators Carbon content ≥45%, density ≤130kg / m3, water content ≤2%.
[0028] Example 2 This embodiment is further improved on the basis of Embodiment 1, and is specifically as follows: The high-temperature flue gas is cooled to 150° C. by the steam boiler 5 and then purified by the tail flue gas purification system. After purification, it is discharged through the chimney 8 to meet the national emission standards.
[0029] Flue gas technical indicators Particles <15mg / m3, nitrogen oxides <140mg / m3, flue gas blackness ≤1, sulfur dioxide <25mg / m3, mercury and compounds <0.03mg / m3.
[0030] Example 3 The further improvements made in this embodiment on the basis of embodiment 1 are as follows: The temperature of the biomass fuel gas produced by the gasifier 2 is 300-500°C, and the calorific value of the fuel gas is 1200-1400Kca1.
[0031] Example 4 The further improvements made in this embodiment on the basis of embodiment 1 are as follows: the gas furnace screen gear is externally mounted and works at room temperature, the furnace screen cooling system is eliminated, and the worry of water leakage is completely solved.
[0032] Example 5 The further improvements made in this embodiment on the basis of Embodiment 4 are as follows: the gasifier 2 is in a sealed state, and the amount of air in the gasifier is controlled by the air distribution fan, thereby controlling the proportion of air in the furnace, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of detonation.
[0033] Example 6 The present embodiment is a further improvement on the embodiment 1, specifically as follows: the biomass raw material rice husk undergoes pyrolysis, gasification and combustion reactions with the air sucked from the top in the gasifier 2, the reaction temperature is about 600°C, and the reaction produces high-temperature gasification gas, carbon particles and a small amount of fine ash particles. The rice husk charcoal is cooled by the water-cooled screw conveyor 3 and then discharged. The produced rice husk charcoal can be used as a charcoal product for the production of activated carbon, carbon-based fertilizers and small steel plant insulation materials.
[0034] The biomass gas from the cyclone separator 4 enters the high-temperature gas combustion chamber under the suction of the high-temperature gas blower 6 and continues to burn and release heat with the combustion air. The combustion temperature is about 900°C. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is sent to the steam boiler 5 to produce steam. The NO concentration in the flue gas generated by the combustion is about 100 mg / Nm3 measured by the flue gas analyzer before the SNCR device, and 40 mg / Nm3 (converted to 6% oxygen content) after the SNCR device, which is lower than the limit value of 50 mg / Nm3 of the national ultra-low emission standard for NOx. The saturated steam from the boiler can be used for power generation or industrial heating.
[0035] It should be noted that the present invention is a rice husk gasification co-production charcoal gas system and method, including the following processing methods: Rice husk and other raw materials are fed into the front silo of the gasifier 2 by the raw material conveying system, and then fed into the gasifier 2 through the feeding device. The furnace of the gasifier 2 is a closed structure, with a high-temperature oxidation reaction zone at the bottom and a pyrolysis and drying zone at the top. The rice husk undergoes pyrolysis and gasification reaction with the air sucked in from the top to generate biomass gas and rice husk charcoal. The biomass gas enters the high-temperature gas combustion chamber under the suction action of the high-temperature gas blower 6 and continues to burn and release heat with the combustion wind fed in. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is fed into the steam boiler 5 to produce steam, and the steam is provided to enterprise users through the pipeline network. The flue gas is cooled to 150°C by the steam boiler 5 and purified by the tail flue gas purification system and then discharged through the chimney 8. The rice husk charcoal is cooled by the water-cooled screw conveyor 3 and then discharged. The completely cooled rice husk charcoal is fed into the rice husk charcoal temporary storage bin by the conveying device.
[0036] It should be noted that the present invention is a rice husk gasification co-production charcoal gas system and method, and the components in the present invention are all components known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles are all known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.
[0037] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A rice husk gasification and co-production of charcoal and steam system, characterized by: It comprises a feeding system, a gasification furnace device, a charcoal discharging and conveying storage system, a gas combustion system, an air supply system, and a flue gas treatment system. The feeding system comprises a suction machine, a raw material bin, a transverse scraper, a longitudinal belt conveyor, and a bucket elevator (1). The suction machine is installed outside the raw material bin for sucking and feeding biomass raw materials, and three sets of transverse scraper bodies and three sets of longitudinal belt conveyor bodies are arranged at the bottom of the raw material bin. The belt conveyor is used to feed the biomass raw materials into the bucket elevator (1); The bucket elevator (1) is connected to the gasifier (2) of the gasifier device through a pipeline for feeding, and the gasifier is equipped with a secondary carbon gas separation device, and the fuel gas and the carbon are separated into two different channels. The water-cooled screw conveyor (3) of the carbon discharge and transportation storage system is installed at the carbon discharge position of the gasifier (2) to lead the carbon out, and the gas transportation equipment of the carbon discharge and transportation storage system is connected between the water-cooled screw conveyor (3) and the carbon bin for transportation and storage of the carbon; The steam boiler (5) of the gas combustion system is connected to the exhaust pipe of the gasifier (2) through a cyclone separator (4), and a high-temperature gas blower (6) of the air supply system is installed between the cyclone separator (4) and the exhaust pipe of the gasifier (2); The flue gas discharge pipe of the steam boiler (5) is connected to the air inlet pipe of the bag filter (7) of the flue gas treatment system, and the exhaust pipe of the bag filter (7) is connected to the chimney (8) of the flue gas treatment system through the high-temperature gas fan (6).
2. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A belt conveyor is arranged at the top of the furnace body of the gasifier (2) to deliver the biomass raw material to the front silo of the gasifier (2), and a screw conveyor is arranged in cooperation to push the material in.
3. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gasifier (2) is equipped with a charcoal-gas secondary separation device, which separates the fuel gas and char into two different channels.
4. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gas furnace screen gear of the gasification furnace (2) is externally mounted, which facilitates the gas furnace screen gear to work at room temperature.
5. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal and steam system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The furnace body of the gasifier (2) is in a sealed state, and the amount of air in the gasifier is controlled by an air distribution fan.
6. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal and steam system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steam boiler (5) is equipped with a water supply system using a single main pipe, and a low-pressure water inlet pipe supplies water to a water supply pump corresponding to the boiler.
7. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal and steam system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water supply system is equipped with a water supply deaerator system, a set-up blowdown expansion tank, a deaerator working pressure of 0.02 MPa, an outlet water temperature of 104°C, the deaerator heating steam is extracted from the boiler drum, and the deaerator feed water is supplied by two routes, one directly from the water treatment workshop, and the other from the gasifier (2) cooling water.
8. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main steam generated by the steam boiler (5) is respectively sent to the sub-cylinders, and then sent from the sub-cylinders to the steam access points of various heat users through the main steam pipeline.
9. The rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal and steam system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steam boiler (5) is discharged in two ways: continuous discharge and periodic discharge. The discharge is connected to a discharge expansion tank. The discharge expansion tank has a design pressure of 0.80 MPa and a design temperature of 175°C. There is one discharge expansion tank in total. The discharge of the discharge expansion tank is connected to a discharge cooling pool.
10. A rice husk gasification and cogeneration charcoal and steam system according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The processing methods include: The rice husk and other raw materials are fed into the front silo of the gasifier (2) by the raw material conveying system and then fed into the gasifier (2) through the feeding device. The furnace of the gasifier (2) is a closed structure, the lower part is a high-temperature oxidation reaction zone, and the upper part is a pyrolysis and drying zone. The rice husk undergoes pyrolysis and gasification reaction with the air sucked in from the top to generate biomass gas and rice husk charcoal. The biomass gas enters the high-temperature gas combustion chamber under the suction action of the high-temperature gas blower (6) and continues to burn with the introduced combustion air to release heat. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion is fed into the steam boiler (5) to produce steam, and the steam is provided to enterprise users through the pipeline network. The flue gas is cooled to 150° C. by the steam boiler (5), and then purified by the tail flue gas purification system and discharged through the chimney (8). The rice husk charcoal is cooled by the water-cooled screw conveyor (3) and then discharged. The completely cooled rice husk charcoal is fed into the rice husk charcoal temporary storage bin by the conveying device.