Energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board and production equipment thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage plate, which is made of a mixture of PBAT, plant fiber and PHA through an extrusion molding process and comprises a bottom plate, a plurality of vertical upward fin plates are fixedly connected to the bottom plate along the length direction of the bottom plate, and a plurality of notches are cut on each fin plate. The application further discloses a production equipment of the drainage plate, which comprises a lifting mechanism, a positioning mechanism, a clamping mechanism and a cutting mechanism, the drainage plate is clamped by the clamping mechanism, the positioning mechanism is inserted between adjacent fin plates, and the fin plate is cut by the cutting mechanism to form the notches. The plurality of notches are formed on the fin plate, so that the drainage plate has the drainage function and the overall weight of the drainage plate is reduced, and transportation and installation are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drainage board processing technology, specifically to an energy-saving and controllable plant fiber degradable drainage board and its production equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In civil engineering, such as in the early stages of road construction, it is necessary to first carry out drainage treatment on soft soil foundations, that is, to install drainage boards underground to drain water from the soft soil layer, lower the groundwater level, and prevent problems such as foundation subsidence or road settlement in the future.

[0003] Currently, most drainage boards are made of non-biodegradable plastic, which pollutes the environment. In response to environmental protection calls, biodegradable drainage boards have become a focus of research and production. For example... Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates an existing drainage board, which is heavy and inconvenient to transport and install. Therefore, how to produce lightweight, biodegradable drainage boards has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an energy-saving and controllable plant fiber biodegradable drainage board and its production equipment, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An energy-saving and controllable plant fiber biodegradable drainage board is made from a mixture of PBAT, plant fiber and PHA through an extrusion molding process. It includes a base plate, on which several vertically upward fins are fixedly connected along its length, and each fin is cut with several slots.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] (1) Adding different doses of PHA to PBAT and plant fibers can increase or decrease the PHA according to the required degradation time, so as to control the degradation cycle and meet the project requirements.

[0009] (2) Several slots are provided on the fin plate, which can reduce the overall weight of the drainage board while having a drainage function, making it convenient for transportation and installation.

[0010] This invention also provides a production equipment for energy-saving and controllable plant fiber biodegradable drainage boards, used for cutting the finned boards. The production equipment includes a chassis with a clamping mechanism on it. A frame with a front opening is provided on the periphery of the chassis. A lifting mechanism is provided on the top of the frame, and a positioning mechanism is connected to the lifting mechanism. The positioning mechanism is located directly above the clamping mechanism. Cutting mechanisms are installed on both sides of the frame. The positioning mechanism includes a lifting plate connected to the lifting mechanism, a first positioning plate and a second positioning plate movably connected to the lifting plate, and a driving mechanism installed on the lifting plate for driving the first and second positioning plates to move independently in a linear motion. The first and second positioning plates are arranged along the length of the chassis. The cutting mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder installed on the side of the frame, a mounting base connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder, and a plurality of U-shaped cutting blades bolted to the mounting base. The cutting blades of the two cutting mechanisms are arranged opposite to each other.

[0011] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes a cylinder installed on the top of the frame and a first guide rod movably connected to the frame, wherein the telescopic end of the cylinder and the lower end of the first guide rod are both connected to the lifting plate.

[0012] The above technical solution controls the extension of the cylinder to drive the lifting plate to rise and fall. During the lifting process, the lifting plate can be made to rise and fall more stably through the action of the first guide rod.

[0013] Preferably, bearing seats are connected to both sides of the bottom surface of the lifting plate. The driving mechanism includes a first lead screw and a second lead screw rotatably connected to the two bearing seats, a first motor mounted on one of the bearing seats and driven by the first lead screw, and a second motor mounted on the other bearing seat and driven by the second lead screw. The driving mechanism also includes a first slide and a second slide. A first positioning plate is connected to the bottom surface of the first slide, and a second positioning plate is connected to the bottom surface of the second slide. The first slide has a first screw hole and a first sliding hole. The diameter of the first sliding hole is larger than the diameter of the second lead screw. The first screw hole is threadedly connected to the first lead screw, and the first sliding hole is slidably connected to the second lead screw. The second slide has a second screw hole and a second sliding hole. The diameter of the second sliding hole is larger than the diameter of the first lead screw. The second screw hole is threadedly connected to the second lead screw, and the second sliding hole is slidably connected to the first lead screw.

[0014] The above technical solution involves starting the first motor, which drives the first lead screw to rotate. Since the first slide block is threadedly connected to the first lead screw and slidably connected to the second lead screw, the rotation of the first lead screw causes the first slide block to move linearly, thereby causing the first positioning plate to move linearly. Similarly, starting the second motor drives the second lead screw to rotate. Since the second slide block is threadedly connected to the second lead screw and slidably connected to the first lead screw, the rotation of the second lead screw causes the second slide block to move linearly, thereby causing the second positioning plate to move linearly.

[0015] Preferably, the top of the chassis is provided with a sliding hole, and the clamping mechanism includes two sliding plates slidably disposed in the sliding hole, a clamping plate connected to the two sliding plates, a third lead screw rotatably connected to the chassis, a second guide rod connected to the chassis and located on both sides of the third lead screw, a third motor installed on the outside of the chassis and drivenly connected to the third lead screw, and a transmission plate connected to the lower end of the two sliding plates. The third lead screw is provided with reverse threads on both sides, and the two transmission plates are respectively threaded to both sides of the third lead screw. The lifting plate is located directly above the two clamping plates, and the cutting blade is located above the plane where the top of the clamping plate is located.

[0016] The above technical solution involves starting the third motor, which drives the third lead screw to rotate. Since the two sliding plates are slidably installed in the sliding hole, and the third lead screw has reverse threads on both sides, the rotation of the third lead screw drives the two transmission plates to move relative to each other or in opposite directions at the same time, thereby driving the two clamping plates to move simultaneously, thus clamping the drainage plate. It can also be adapted to drainage plates of different widths. The second guide rod can improve the stability of the movement of the transmission plates.

[0017] Preferably, the front end face of the lifting plate is provided with a millimeter scale.

[0018] The above technical solution allows for precise adjustment of the positions of the first and second positioning plates by observing a millimeter scale when adjusting the first and second positioning plates.

[0019] Preferably, the cutting mechanism further includes a third guide rod movably connected to the side wall of the frame, and the third guide rod is connected to the mounting base.

[0020] The above technical solution, through the action of the third guide rod, can improve the stability of the mounting base movement.

[0021] Preferably, the chassis is equipped with a controller, and a touch-screen control panel is provided on one side of the chassis. The first motor, the second motor, the third motor, the cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder, and the control panel are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0022] The above technical solution includes a control program in the controller to control the orderly operation of each component. The control screen is touch-sensitive and can input corresponding numbers according to the spacing of the fins to control the first motor or the second motor to rotate to the required number of revolutions, so that the first positioning plate or the second positioning plate can move the corresponding distance each time, thereby ensuring that the first positioning plate or the second positioning plate can be accurately inserted between the two adjacent fins after each movement.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The drainage board is placed on the machine casing and clamped by the clamping mechanism to prevent it from shifting. Then, the positions of the first and second positioning plates are adjusted so that they are located on both sides of the drainage board. This positions the first positioning plate above the two fins at one end of the drainage board and the second positioning plate above the two fins at the other end. Next, the lifting mechanism is controlled to lower the lifting plate, so that the first and second positioning plates are inserted between the two outermost fins. Then, the two hydraulic cylinders are controlled to extend simultaneously, driving the two cutting blades to move relative to each other, thereby cutting the upper part of the fins. When the two cutting blades contact the first and second positioning plates respectively, grooves are cut into the fins. Then, the positions of the first and second positioning plates are adjusted again, and grooves are cut into the fins one by one in the same way, thus producing a lighter drainage board. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing drainage board;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage board in this invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the production equipment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention after the control panel has been removed;

[0029] Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of the clamping plate, sliding plate, and transmission plate;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting base and the cutting blade;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a cutting blade;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the first slide.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the second slide.

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 1-Base plate, 2-Fin plate, 3-Slot;

[0036] 4-Chassis;

[0037] 5-Clamping mechanism, 51-Slide plate, 52-Clamping plate, 53-Third lead screw, 54-Second guide rod, 55-Third motor, 56-Transmission plate;

[0038] 6-Rack;

[0039] 7-Lifting mechanism, 71-Cylinder, 72-First guide rod;

[0040] 8-Positioning mechanism, 81-Lifting plate, 82-First positioning plate, 83-Second positioning plate, 84-Drive mechanism, 841-First lead screw, 842-Second lead screw, 843-First motor, 844-Second motor, 845-First slide, 846-Second slide, 85-Millimeter scale;

[0041] 9-Cutting mechanism, 91-Hydraulic cylinder, 92-Mounting base, 93-Cutting blade, 94-Third guide rod;

[0042] 10-Sliding hole;

[0043] 11-Controller, 12-Control panel. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Please see Figure 2 An energy-saving and controllable plant fiber degradable drainage board is made from a mixture of PBAT, plant fiber and PHA through an extrusion molding process. It includes a base plate 1, on which several vertically upward wing plates 2 are fixedly connected along its length. Several slots 3 are cut on each wing plate 2.

[0047] Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a type of bio-based polymer material synthesized by microorganisms in a nutrient-rich environment. PHA exhibits excellent biodegradability. In the natural environment, PHA can be completely degraded by microorganisms into carbon dioxide and water, thus avoiding the accumulation problems of traditional plastics in the environment and reducing long-term environmental pollution.

[0048] Adding different doses of PHA to PBAT and plant fibers allows for adjustment of the PHA dosage according to the desired degradation time, thus controlling the degradation cycle and meeting project requirements. Several slots are provided on the finned plate, which not only facilitates drainage but also reduces the overall weight of the drainage board, making transportation and installation easier.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] An energy-saving and controllable plant fiber biodegradable drainage board production equipment is used to cut the finned plate described in Example 1. The production equipment includes a housing 4, and a clamping mechanism 5 is provided on the housing 4. Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the top of the chassis 4 is provided with a sliding hole 10. The clamping mechanism 5 includes two sliding plates 51 slidably disposed in the sliding hole 10, a clamping plate 52 connected to the two sliding plates, a third lead screw 53 rotatably connected to the chassis, a second guide rod 54 connected to the chassis and located on both sides of the third lead screw, a third motor 55 installed on the outside of the chassis and driven by the third lead screw, and a transmission plate 56 connected to the lower end of the two sliding plates. The third lead screw 53 has reverse threads on both sides, and the two transmission plates 56 are respectively threaded to both sides of the third lead screw 53. The third motor 55 is started, driving the third lead screw 53 to rotate. Since the two sliding plates 51 are slidably mounted within the sliding hole 10, and the third lead screw 53 has reverse threads on both sides, the rotation of the third lead screw 53 drives the two transmission plates 56 to move simultaneously or in opposite directions, thereby driving the two clamping plates 52 to move simultaneously, thus clamping the drainage plate. This mechanism can accommodate drainage plates of different widths. The second guide rod 54 improves the stability of the movement of the transmission plates 56, thereby improving the stability of the movement of the clamping plates 52. It should be noted that when clamping the drainage plate, excessive force should not be applied; the clamping plates should just touch the drainage plate to prevent deformation.

[0051] The chassis 4 has a frame 6 with a front opening on its outer perimeter. A lifting mechanism 7 is located on the top of the frame 6, and a positioning mechanism 8 is connected to the lifting mechanism 7. The positioning mechanism 8 is located directly above the clamping mechanism 5. Figure 4 As shown, the lifting mechanism 7 includes a cylinder 71 mounted on the top of the frame and a first guide rod 72 movably connected to the frame. The telescopic end of the cylinder 71 and the lower end of the first guide rod 72 are both connected to the positioning mechanism 8. Figure 4 As shown, the positioning mechanism 8 includes a lifting plate 81 connected to a cylinder 71 and a first guide rod 72, a first positioning plate 82 and a second positioning plate 83 movably connected to the lifting plate, and a drive mechanism 84 mounted on the lifting plate for driving the first and second positioning plates to move independently in a linear motion. The first positioning plate 82 and the second positioning plate 83 are arranged along the length of the housing 4. The lifting plate 81 is located directly above the two clamping plates 52. When the two clamping plates 52 move simultaneously or in opposite directions, the centerline between the two clamping plates 52 is aligned with the centerline of the lifting plate 81, so that the clamped drainage plate is located directly below the lifting plate 81, which facilitates the adjustment of the positions of the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate 83, allowing them to be inserted between adjacent fin plates 2.

[0052] The bottom surface of the lifting plate 81 is connected to bearing seats on both sides, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the drive mechanism 84 includes a first lead screw 841 and a second lead screw 842 rotatably connected to two bearing seats, a first motor 843 mounted on one of the bearing seats and driven by the first lead screw 841, and a second motor 844 mounted on the other bearing seat and driven by the second lead screw 842. The drive mechanism 84 also includes a first slide block 845 and a second slide block 846. A first positioning plate 82 is connected to the bottom surface of the first slide block 845, and a second positioning plate 83 is connected to the bottom surface of the second slide block 846. The first slide block 845 is provided with a first screw hole and a first sliding hole. The diameter of the first sliding hole is larger than the diameter of the second lead screw 842. The first screw hole is threadedly connected to the first lead screw 841, and the first sliding hole is slidably connected to the second lead screw 842. The second slide block 846 is provided with a second screw hole and a second sliding hole. The diameter of the second sliding hole is larger than the diameter of the first lead screw 841. The second screw hole is threadedly connected to the second lead screw 842, and the second sliding hole is slidably connected to the first lead screw 841.

[0053] When adjusting the position of the first positioning plate 82, the first motor 843 is started, driving the first lead screw 841 to rotate. Since the first slide 845 is threadedly connected to the first lead screw 841 and slidably connected to the second lead screw 842, the rotation of the first lead screw 841 drives the first slide 845 to move linearly, thereby driving the first positioning plate 82 to move linearly, so that the first positioning plate 82 can be positioned between two adjacent fins 2 at one end of the drainage plate. The second motor 844 is started, driving the second lead screw 842 to rotate. Since the second slide 846 is threadedly connected to the second lead screw 842 and slidably connected to the first lead screw 841, the rotation of the second lead screw 842 drives the second slide 846 to move linearly, thereby driving the second positioning plate 83 to move linearly, so that the second positioning plate 83 can be positioned between two adjacent fins 2 at the other end of the drainage plate.

[0054] Cutting mechanisms 9 are installed on both sides of the frame 6. Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 7As shown, the cutting mechanism 9 includes a hydraulic cylinder 91 mounted on the side of the frame, a mounting base 92 connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder, and several U-shaped cutting blades 93 bolted to the mounting base. The cutting blades 93 of the two cutting mechanisms 9 are arranged opposite each other. The cutting blades 93 are bolted to the mounting base, facilitating the replacement of cutting blades 93 of different lengths or widths. The cutting blades 93 are located above the plane of the top of the clamping plate 52 to prevent the clamping plate 52 from obstructing the operation of the cutting blades 93. The front end face of the lifting plate 81 is provided with a millimeter scale 85. When adjusting the first positioning plate 82 and the second positioning plate 83, the first motor 843 or the second motor 844 can be started by observing the millimeter scale 85. After the first positioning plate 82 or the second positioning plate 83 reaches the required scale, the first motor 843 or the second motor 844 stops working, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the position of the first positioning plate 82 and the second positioning plate 83. The cutting mechanism 9 also includes a third guide rod 94 movably connected to the side wall of the frame. The third guide rod 94 is connected to the mounting base 92. Through the action of the third guide rod 94, the stability of the movement of the mounting base 92 can be improved, thereby improving the stability of the movement of the cutting blade 93.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the chassis 4 houses a controller 11, and a touch-screen control panel 12 is located on one side of the chassis 4. The first motor 843, the second motor 844, the third motor 55, the cylinder 71, the hydraulic cylinder 91, and the control panel 12 are all electrically connected to the controller 11. The controller 11 contains a control program for controlling the orderly operation of each component. Writing the control program into the controller is existing technology and will not be described in detail here. The control panel 12 is touch-screen and allows input of corresponding numbers based on the spacing of the fins 2 to control the first motor 843 or the second motor 844 to rotate to the required number of revolutions. This allows the first positioning plate 82 or the second positioning plate 83 to move a corresponding distance each time, ensuring that the first positioning plate 82 or the second positioning plate 83 accurately inserts between adjacent fins after each movement, thus achieving automatic adjustment of the first and second positioning plates.

[0056] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0057] The formed drainage board is placed on the machine casing with the bottom plate 1 facing down and the fins 2 facing up. The drainage board is then clamped by the two clamping plates 52 of the clamping mechanism 5 to prevent it from shifting. The positions of the first positioning plate 82 and the second positioning plate 83 are then adjusted by the drive mechanism 84 so that they are located on both sides of the drainage board. The first positioning plate 82 is positioned above the two fins 2 at one end of the drainage board, and the second positioning plate 83 is positioned above the two fins 2 at the other end of the drainage board. Then, the cylinder 71 is extended to drive the lifting plate 81 to descend, so that the first positioning plate 82 and the second positioning plate 83 are inserted between the two outermost fins 2. Then, the two hydraulic cylinders 91 are extended simultaneously to drive the two cutting blades 93 to move relative to each other, thereby cutting the upper part of the fins 2. When the two cutting blades 93 come into contact with the first positioning plate 82 and the second positioning plate 83 respectively, the grooves 3 are cut out on the fins. By sequentially adjusting the positions of the first positioning plate 82 and the second positioning plate 83, and inserting them one by one between the adjacent fin plates 2 at both ends, grooves 3 are cut out on the fin plates 2 one by one, ultimately producing a lighter drainage board.

[0058] It should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0059] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board production equipment, the drainage board comprises a mixture of PBAT, plant fiber and PHA, which is made by an extrusion molding process, comprising a bottom plate (1), a plurality of vertical upward fins (2) are fixedly connected to the bottom plate (1) along the length direction thereof, and a plurality of notches (3) are cut on each fin (2), characterized in that: the production equipment comprises a machine box (4), a clamping mechanism (5) is arranged on the machine box (4), a rack (6) with a front opening is arranged on the periphery of the machine box (4), a lifting mechanism (7) is arranged on the top of the rack (6), and a positioning mechanism (8) is connected to the lifting mechanism (7), the positioning mechanism (8) is located directly above the clamping mechanism (5), and cutting mechanisms (9) are respectively installed on the two sides of the rack (6); the positioning mechanism (8) comprises a lifting plate (81) connected to the lifting mechanism, a first positioning plate (82) and a second positioning plate (83) movably connected to the lifting plate, a driving mechanism (84) installed on the lifting plate and used for driving the first positioning plate and the second positioning plate to independently move linearly, and the first positioning plate (82) and the second positioning plate (83) are arranged along the length direction of the machine box (4); the cutting mechanism (9) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (91) installed on the side of the rack, a mounting seat (92) connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder, and a plurality of U-shaped cutting knives (93) connected to the mounting seat by bolts, and the cutting knives (93) of the two cutting mechanisms (9) are oppositely arranged.

2. The energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board production equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lifting mechanism (7) comprises a pneumatic cylinder (71) installed on the top of the rack, a first guide rod (72) movably connected to the rack, and the telescopic end of the pneumatic cylinder (71) and the lower end of the first guide rod (72) are connected to the lifting plate (81).

3. The energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board production equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: bearing seats are connected to the bottom surface of the lifting plate (81), the driving mechanism (84) comprises a first lead screw (841) and a second lead screw (842) rotatably connected to the two bearing seats, a first motor (843) installed on one of the bearing seats and in transmission connection with the first lead screw (841), and a second motor (844) installed on the other bearing seat and in transmission connection with the second lead screw (842), the driving mechanism (84) further comprises a first sliding seat (845) and a second sliding seat (846), the first positioning plate (82) is connected to the bottom surface of the first sliding seat (845), the second positioning plate (83) is connected to the bottom surface of the second sliding seat (846), the first sliding seat (845) is provided with a first screw hole and a first sliding hole, the hole diameter of the first sliding hole is greater than the diameter of the second lead screw (842), the first screw hole is in threaded connection with the first lead screw (841), and the first sliding hole is in sliding connection with the second lead screw (842), the second sliding seat (846) is provided with a second screw hole and a second sliding hole, the hole diameter of the second sliding hole is greater than the diameter of the first lead screw (841), the second screw hole is in threaded connection with the second lead screw (842), and the second sliding hole is in sliding connection with the first lead screw (841).

4. The energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board production equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the case (4) is provided with a sliding hole (10), the clamping mechanism (5) comprises two sliding plates (51) slidingly arranged in the sliding hole (10), clamping plates (52) connected to the two sliding plates, a third lead screw (53) rotatably connected to the case, second guide rods (54) connected to the case and located on both sides of the third lead screw, a third motor (55) mounted on the outer side of the case and in transmission connection with the third lead screw, transmission plates (56) connected to the lower ends of the two sliding plates, the two sides of the third lead screw (53) are provided with reverse threads, and the two transmission plates (56) are respectively threadedly connected to the two sides of the third lead screw (53), the lifting plate (81) is located directly above the two clamping plates (52), and the cutting knife (93) is located above the plane where the top of the clamping plate (52) is located.

5. The energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board production equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The front side end face of the lifting plate (81) is provided with a millimeter scale (85).

6. The energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board production equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism (9) further comprises a third guide rod (94) movably connected to the side wall of the rack, and the third guide rod (94) is connected with the mounting seat (92).

7. The energy-saving controllable plant fiber degradation drainage board production equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The case (4) is provided with a controller (11), one side of the case (4) is provided with a touch control screen (12), and the first motor (843), the second motor (844), the third motor (55), the air cylinder (71), the hydraulic cylinder (91) and the control screen (12) are electrically connected with the controller (11).

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