A construction technology for waterproofing and plugging leaks using adaptive water-expanding polyurethane sealant in civil air defense projects

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proofing construction technology in civil air defense projects, relates to the technical field of waterproofing of civil air defense basement projects, and comprises the following steps: adopting a color tracking method to locate leaking points; cutting: cutting along both sides of a gap at a leaking point to dig a V-shaped groove; opening a hole at the leaking point for fine cracks; cleaning the cut concrete construction gap interface, spraying water on the interface to maintain interface humidity; step-by-step glue injection, curing and curing, and injecting water into the groove; checking whether there is a glue-deficient part; leveling the remaining part of the groove, and grinding the surface with a grinder to make it flat with a base surface; the self-adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proofing construction technology in civil air defense projects of the invention has convenient and effective construction process operation, low equipment requirements, is not limited by the size of a construction site, and can achieve precise waterproof and leak-proofing processing effects on various complex environments and rough interfaces of various materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waterproofing of civil air defense basement projects, in particular to a self-adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant waterproofing and leak-proofing construction technology in civil air defense projects. Background Art

[0002] Waterproofing and plugging work has high requirements for the environment and interface material and roughness. First of all, the leak point needs to be accurately located before the next step of operation can be carried out. The existing methods for detecting leak points mainly include infrared thermal imager method and ultrasonic detector method. Among them, infrared thermal imager clearly displays the energy loss of the pipeline in the form of infrared thermal images, so as to find the specific leaking part, which is suitable for checking leaking points in household floor heating pipelines. Before detection, a pressure test pump or a self-priming pump should be used to inject hot water above 70°C into the floor heating pipe to make the ground temperature higher than the room temperature, thereby forming a temperature difference. This method requires that there is a temperature difference at the leaking point. The leaking point of civil air defense projects is complicated and there is basically no temperature difference between the leaking point and the environment, which is not suitable for the infrared thermal imager method; the ultrasonic detector method mainly uses the change of ultrasonic waves to determine the leaking point, which is suitable for determining the leaking point of pipelines and other parts, and the accuracy is greatly affected by the environment; the leaking point of civil air defense basements is complicated, and there are many leaking situations. It penetrates into the project through construction joints, concrete structure defects and other channels, resulting in leaks. Therefore, the existing methods for detecting leaking points are not suitable for detecting leaking points in civil air defense basements.

[0003] On the other hand, water-swelling materials have good resilience after curing. After being immersed in water, they will absorb water and expand in volume, playing the role of filling gaps, stopping water and plugging leaks. They are widely used in underground civil air defense projects, tunnels, subways, basements and culverts. However, the quality of existing water-stop glue is unstable, the cross-section of the glue cannot meet the design requirements, and there is a phenomenon of false adhesion at the interface of the construction joint; affected by the space of the working surface such as steel bars, the glue gun is difficult to operate and cannot operate continuously; the curing and curing time of the water-swelling water-stop glue with an excessively large cross-section is long, which not only affects the normal construction progress, but also the excessive curing and curing time is easy to cause the water-swelling water-stop glue to expand and fall off prematurely due to moisture and rain, reducing or even losing the water-stopping effect, affecting the progress of waterproof and leak-plugging construction.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a construction method that is suitable for the complex environment and rough interface of civil air defense projects, which can firmly bond with the gaps and have good sealing properties, and can not only accurately waterproof and plug small cracks, but also waterproof and plug large cracks. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A self-adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects, comprising the following steps: ① Use color tracking method to locate the leak point: determine the leak point and seepage path through tracer liquid, which is composed of dye, silane coupling agent and water; ② Cutting: Cut along both sides of the gap at the leaking point to dig a V-shaped groove with a depth of 20~40mm; for fine cracks (crack width ≤3cm), make a hole at the leaking point with a depth of 20~40mm; ③ Clean the interface of the cut concrete construction gap, then spray water on the interface to maintain the humidity of the interface; ④ Step-by-step glue injection: Mix the adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant and inject it into the groove. After the glue penetrates along the gap and solidifies for 3 to 5 hours, inject water into the groove. After water injection, the adhesive will expand and stop water; ⑤ Check whether there is any part missing glue, if so, fill the glue and cure for 3 to 5 hours; ⑥Level the remaining part of the groove by pouring concrete, and then use a grinder to grind the surface to make it level with the base surface.

[0007] Preferably, the tracer liquid is composed of a dye, a silane coupling agent and water in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-7:100.

[0008] More preferably, the silane coupling agent is one or more of bis-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-propyl]-amine, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0009] Preferably, when the glue is injected step by step in step ④, when the gap depth at the leaking point is large or the gap condition is complicated, a glue spraying robot is selected to perform high-pressure glue injection.

[0010] Further preferably, the injection pressure during high-pressure injection is 2-4 MPa.

[0011] Preferably, when injecting glue, the glue liquid level is lower than the crack base surface to ensure that the glue liquid level is at the bottom of the groove after penetration.

[0012] Preferably, when the glue is injected step by step in step ④, the sealant is selected according to the size of the gap width. Specifically: when the gap width is ≤1cm, a sealant with a viscosity of 1000~5000mPa·s is selected; when the gap width is >1cm, a sealant with a viscosity of 5000~10000mPa·s is selected; a sealant with a viscosity of 50000~100000mPa·s is selected for surface repair and water stopping and filling of defective parts.

[0013] Preferably, the dye is one or more of 1-(4-sulfonic acid-1-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxy-6,8-naphthalene disulfonic acid trisodium salt (also known as carmine), 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxo-6-oxanthene-9-yl)benzoic acid disodium hydrate (also known as erythrosine) or 2,2'-diazoindole indigo.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The invention discloses a self-adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant waterproof plugging construction technology in civil air defense projects, which uses a color tracing method to locate leaks, can accurately locate leaks, and effectively solves leakage in concrete structure joints, construction joints, concrete shrinkage joints, etc. in civil air defense projects. It is suitable for various complex environments and rough interfaces of various materials, and has good adaptability; on the other hand, when the color tracing method is used to locate leaks, the leaks are judged by observing the position where the dye appears, and the addition of a silane coupling agent improves the surface adhesion between the sealant and the wall, which is suitable for complex and rough interface bonding.

[0015] The invention discloses a self-adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects. The construction process is convenient and effective, has low requirements on equipment, and is not limited by the size of the construction site. It can achieve precise waterproof and leak-proof treatment effects in various complex environments and rough interfaces of various materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects. The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0017] The adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant selected by the present invention can be an adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant on the market, which has good bonding properties to building structures such as concrete, and can absorb water and swell when exposed to water, thereby playing the role of stopping water and plugging leaks. Preferably, the sealant is obtained according to the Chinese invention application number CN202411139105.5, and the invention name is an adaptive precise waterproof, water-stopping water-swelling polyurethane sealant and its preparation method. Example 1

[0018] A self-adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects, comprising the following steps: ① Use color tracking method to locate the leak point: determine the leak point and seepage path through tracer liquid, which is composed of dye, silane coupling agent and water; In theory, the next step can be directly performed for clear and obvious leaks. However, in actual operation, due to the complex environment and poor light conditions of civil air defense projects, there are rarely obvious leaks. Therefore, the color tracking method is a necessary step. During operation, first mix the dye, silane coupling agent and water to prepare the tracer liquid, pour it into the possible leaking area, and observe whether there is tracer liquid at the leaking point. If not, change the location, if yes, mark the location. According to the color traces left by the tracer liquid, determine the leaking point and the seepage path, and use water-swelling glue to first seal the surface of the leaking point to prevent glue injection and colloid seepage in the later stage; ② Cutting: Cut along both sides of the gap at the leaking point to dig a V-shaped groove with a depth of 20~40mm; for fine cracks (crack width ≤3cm), make a hole at the leaking point with a depth of 20~40mm; ③ Clean the interface of the cut concrete construction gap, then spray water on the interface to maintain the humidity of the interface; For smaller gaps, you can use a spray bottle to spray to moisten the surface. For larger gaps and gaps with complex internal structures, you can use pouring to moisten the cement structure inside; ④ Step-by-step glue injection: Mix the adhesive liquid and inject it into the groove. Wait for the glue liquid to penetrate along the gap and solidify for 3 to 5 hours. Then inject water into the groove. After water injection, the adhesive will expand and stop water; When distributing the glue, the model and performance of the adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant can be designed, calculated and reasonably selected according to the size of the gap at the leakage point, the environmental conditions, and the material of the building structure. The types and applicable scopes of the adaptive water-swelling polyurethane sealant are shown in Table 1.

[0019] Table 1 Sealant types and applicable scope

[0020] ⑤ Check whether there is any part missing glue, if so, fill the glue and cure for 3 to 5 hours; ⑥Level the remaining part of the groove by pouring concrete, and then use a grinder to grind the surface to make it level with the base surface. Example 2

[0021] A self-adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects, comprising the following steps: ① Use color tracking method to locate the leak point: determine the leak point and seepage path through tracer liquid, which is composed of dye, silane coupling agent and water; The dye is one or more of 1-(4-sulfonic acid-1-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxy-6,8-naphthalene disulfonic acid trisodium salt (also known as carmine), 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxo-6-oxanthene-9-yl)benzoic acid disodium hydrate (also known as erythrosine) or 2,2'-diazoindole type indigo; Table 2 shows the selection of dyes

[0022] The tracer liquid is composed of a dye, a silane coupling agent and water in a mass ratio of 1 to 3:1 to 7:100; the type of the silane coupling agent can be one or more of bis-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-propyl]-amine, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; The scheme of tracer liquid is shown in Table 3.

[0023] Table 3 Tracer liquid scheme

[0024] The schemes in Table 3 are several typical proportions. In actual operation, the weight and type of dye and silane coupling agent can be adjusted according to the actual situation. When the crack gap is large, the depth is large or the situation is complicated, the weight ratio of the silane coupling agent can be increased. The technical concept is ingenious, and the surface treatment of the cement structure surface by using the silane coupling agent enhances the bonding effect. The working principle of the silane coupling agent as a tackifier is that it has two groups: one group can be combined with the cement structure of the bonded skeleton material; and the other group can be combined with the polyurethane adhesive, thereby forming a strong chemical bond at the bonding interface, greatly improving the bonding strength. Silane coupling agent is an alkoxysilane. Its alkoxy group will undergo hydrolysis reaction when it meets water, and it is easy to hydrolyze into silanol and react with oxides and other groups on the surface of inorganic substances (cement, silica, metal, clay, etc.) to form a stable silicon-oxygen bond. Therefore, through the silane coupling agent, a "molecular bridge" can be built between the interface of inorganic and organic substances to connect two materials with completely different properties.

[0025] ② Cutting: Cut along both sides of the gap at the leaking point to dig a V-shaped groove with a depth of 20~40mm; for fine cracks (crack width ≤3cm), make a hole at the leaking point with a depth of 20~40mm; ③ Clean the interface of the cut concrete construction gap, then spray water on the interface to maintain the humidity of the interface; For smaller gaps, you can use a spray bottle to spray to moisten the surface. For larger gaps with complex internal structures, you can also use pouring to moisten the cement structure inside and maintain the interface humidity, which has the following effects: First, it promotes the hydrolysis reaction of silane coupling agent, making its reaction more complete; Second, in the early stage of construction and curing of the adaptive water-expandable sealant, the isocyanate group in the colloid can react with water; the isocyanate reacts with water to first generate unstable carbamic acid, which is then decomposed into carbon dioxide and amine. Water can be regarded as a chain extender or curing agent to promote the reaction.

[0026] ④ Step-by-step glue injection: Mix the adhesive liquid and inject it into the groove. After the glue liquid penetrates along the gap and solidifies for 3 to 5 hours, water is injected into the groove. After water injection, the adhesive will expand and stop water; when the gap depth of the leaking point is large or the gap condition is complicated, use a glue spraying robot for high-pressure glue injection with a glue injection pressure of 2 to 4 MPa; when injecting glue, the glue liquid level is lower than the crack base surface to ensure that the glue liquid level is at the bottom of the groove after penetration; Select sealant according to the width of the gap. Specifically: when the gap width is ≤1cm, select sealant with a viscosity of 1000~5000mPa·s; when the gap width is >1cm, select sealant with a viscosity of 5000~10000mPa·s; select sealant with a viscosity of 50000~100000mPa·s for surface repair and water stop, and fill the defective parts; ⑤ Check whether there is any part missing glue, if so, fill the glue and cure for 3 to 5 hours; ⑥Level the remaining part of the groove by pouring concrete, and then use a grinder to grind the surface to make it level with the base surface. Example 3

[0027] A self-adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects, comprising the following steps: ① Use color tracking method to locate the leak: determine the leak point and seepage path through tracer liquid, which is composed of dye, silane coupling agent and water in a mass ratio of 2:5:100; The silane coupling agent is bis-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-propyl]-amine; the dye is one of 1-(4-sulfonic acid-1-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxy-6,8-naphthalene disulfonic acid trisodium salt (also known as carmine), 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxo-6-xanthene-9-yl)benzoic acid disodium hydrate (also known as erythrosine) or 2,2'-diazoindole type indigo; ② Cutting: Cut along both sides of the gap at the leaking point to dig a V-shaped groove with a depth of 20~40mm; for fine cracks (crack width ≤3cm), make a hole at the leaking point with a depth of 20~40mm; ③ Clean the interface of the cut concrete construction gap, then spray water on the interface to maintain the humidity of the interface; For smaller gaps, you can use a spray bottle to spray to moisten the surface. For larger gaps and gaps with complex internal structures, you can use pouring to moisten the cement structure inside; ④ Step-by-step glue injection: Mix the adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant and inject it into the groove. After the glue penetrates along the gap and solidifies for 3 to 5 hours, inject water into the groove. After water injection, the adhesive will expand and stop water; The curing time is determined by the curing properties of the adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant; ⑤ Check whether there is any part missing glue. If there is, fill the glue and cure for 3 to 5 hours. The curing time is determined by the curing properties of the sealant used for filling the glue. ⑥Level the remaining part of the groove by pouring concrete, and then use a grinder to grind the surface to make it level with the base surface.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant waterproof and leak-proof construction technology in civil air defense projects, characterized by: The following steps are involved: ① Use color tracking method to locate the leak point: determine the leak point and seepage path through tracer liquid, which is composed of dye, silane coupling agent and water; ② Cutting: Cut along both sides of the gap at the leaking point to dig a V-shaped groove with a depth of 20~40mm; for fine cracks, make holes at the leaking point with a depth of 20~40mm; ③ Clean the interface of the cut concrete construction gap, then spray water on the interface to maintain the humidity of the interface; ④ Step-by-step glue injection: Mix the adaptive water-expandable polyurethane sealant and inject it into the groove. After the glue penetrates along the gap and solidifies for 3 to 5 hours, inject water into the groove. After water injection, the adhesive will expand and stop water; ⑤ Check whether there is any part missing glue, if so, fill the glue and cure for 3 to 5 hours; ⑥Level the remaining part of the groove by pouring concrete, and then use a grinder to grind the surface to make it level with the base surface.

2. The construction technology of waterproof and plugging leakage using adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant in civil air defense engineering according to claim 1 is characterized by: The tracer liquid is composed of a dye, a silane coupling agent and water in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-7:

100.

3. The construction technology of waterproof and plugging with adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant in civil air defense engineering according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is one or more of bis-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-propyl]-amine, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

4. The construction technology of waterproofing and plugging with adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant in civil air defense engineering according to claim 1 is characterized by: When the glue is injected step by step in step ④, when the gap depth of the leaking point is large or the gap condition is complicated, a glue spraying robot is used for high-pressure glue injection.

5. The construction technology of waterproof and plugging leakage using adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant in civil air defense engineering according to claim 4 is characterized by: The injection pressure during high-pressure injection is 2~4MPa.

6. The construction technology of waterproofing and plugging with adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant in civil air defense engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: When injecting glue, the glue liquid level is lower than the crack base surface to ensure that the liquid level is at the bottom of the groove after the glue penetrates.

7. The construction technology of waterproofing and plugging with adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant in civil air defense engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: When injecting glue step by step in step ④, select sealant according to the width of the gap. Specifically: when the gap width is ≤1cm, select sealant with a viscosity of 1000~5000mPa·s; when the gap width is >1cm, select sealant with a viscosity of 5000~10000mPa·s; select sealant with a viscosity of 50000~100000mPa·s for surface repair and water stopping, and fill the defective parts.

8. The construction technology of waterproofing and plugging with adaptive water-swellable polyurethane sealant in civil air defense engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dye is one or more of 1-(4-sulfonic acid-1-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxy-6,8-naphthalene disulfonic acid trisodium salt, 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxo-6-oxanthene-9-yl)benzoic acid disodium hydrate, and 2,2'-diazoindole type indigo.

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