A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of aerospace dynamic heat exchange structure technology, and provides a low-resistance, tightly packed tube heat exchange device suitable for high-speed airflow, including: an air inlet channel, an air outlet channel, a tube bundle insert plate, an inlet tube bundle unit, an outlet tube bundle unit, and a collection cavity; the tube bundle insert plate includes: an upper insert plate and a lower insert plate; both the upper and lower insert plates are provided with tube bundle insertion holes. This invention arranges heat exchange tube bundles with a flow direction tube spacing ratio of 1 between the tube bundle insert plates, so that the second flow channel can maintain a low flow resistance even when the second fluid working medium is at high speed. Furthermore, the vertically tightly arranged circular tube structure enhances the pressure resistance and stability of the overall structure, effectively preventing environmental vibration mechanisms from damaging the heat exchange structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace dynamic heat exchange structure technology, and in particular to a low-resistance compact tube heat exchange device suitable for high-speed airflow. Background Technology

[0002] Heat exchangers are crucial heat exchange components in industrial fields, playing a key role in aerospace, shipbuilding, chemical engineering, and energy. In aerospace, as high-performance aircraft fly at increasingly higher Mach numbers, the temperatures of the hot-end components of aero engines have reached the limits of current advanced materials, necessitating the use of heat exchangers to indirectly dissipate heat from these components. Furthermore, under the design parameters of high-speed aircraft, the high total temperature of the engine inlet air creates a significant thermal load on the compressor compression process. By incorporating an intercooler and introducing a pre-cooling cycle to reduce the total temperature of the incoming flow, the excess energy from the high-temperature incoming flow is transferred through the heat exchanger to the high-heat-sink fuel, thereby improving the turbine operating range and fuel combustion efficiency.

[0003] However, existing intercooler structures suffer from drawbacks such as high pressure differential resistance and high flow resistance, which consequently affect the thrust performance and safety of the entire aero-engine. Given the high-speed airflow commonly encountered in the aerospace field, such as in the bypass ducts of aero-engines, the high flow resistance of traditional heat exchange structures has a significant impact on the overall performance of heat exchangers in aerospace applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a low-resistance compact tube heat exchange device suitable for high-speed airflow, thereby reducing the impact of high flow resistance in traditional heat exchange structures.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0006] A low-resistance, compact tube bundle heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow includes: an inlet channel, an outlet channel, a tube bundle insert plate, an inlet tube bundle unit, an outlet tube bundle unit, and a collection chamber; the tube bundle insert plate includes an upper insert plate and a lower insert plate; both the upper and lower insert plates are provided with tube bundle insertion holes; the inlet channel includes a first inlet and a first outlet; the outlet channel includes a second inlet and a second outlet; the inlet tube bundle unit includes a third inlet and a third outlet; the outlet tube bundle unit includes a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet;

[0007] The third inlet and the fourth outlet are respectively connected to the tube bundle insertion holes on the lower insert plate; the third outlet and the fourth inlet are respectively connected to the tube bundle insertion holes on the upper insert plate; the heat exchange tube bundles in the inlet tube bundle unit and the outlet tube bundle unit are evenly arranged between the upper insert plate and the lower insert plate through the tube bundle insertion holes; the heat exchange tube bundles are all perpendicular to the upper insert plate and the lower insert plate; the first outlet and the second inlet are respectively connected to the lower insert plate; the collection cavity is connected to the upper insert plate; the inlet channel, the outlet channel, the tube bundle insert plate, the inlet tube bundle unit, the outlet tube bundle unit, and the internal channel of the collection cavity constitute a first flow channel; the inlet tube bundle unit, the outlet tube bundle unit, the upper insert plate, and the lower insert plate form a second flow channel; the inlet channel and the outlet channel are intersecting and connected; the flow direction tube spacing ratio of the heat exchange tube bundle is 1.

[0008] Preferably, the inlet and outlet of the air intake channel, the air outlet channel, and the tube bundle insert are all rectangular; the main body of the air intake channel and the air outlet channel is bent at 90°; the first inlet and the second outlet are respectively connected to the inner channel of the target engine.

[0009] Preferably, the heat exchange tube bundles in the inlet tube bundle unit and the outlet tube bundle unit are all hollow seamless round tubes.

[0010] Preferably, both the air outlet channel and the collecting cavity are designed with a leading edge profile and a trailing edge profile; both the leading edge profile and the trailing edge profile are arc-shaped.

[0011] Preferably, the structural wall thickness of the collection cavity is 2 mm; the structural wall thickness of the heat exchange tube bundle is 0.15 mm; the diameter of the heat exchange tube bundle is 3 mm; the flow distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube bundles is 3 mm; and the lateral distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube bundles is 7.2 mm.

[0012] Preferably, the air intake passage, the air outlet passage, the heat exchange tube bundle, and the collection cavity are arranged radially from the inside to the outside on the target engine.

[0013] Preferably, the collection cavity is an open box.

[0014] The uncovered surface of the cavity is in contact with the tube bundle insert plate; the cavity covers all the tube bundle insert holes on the tube bundle insert plate.

[0015] Preferably, the second flow channel is provided with a fin structure; the fin structure includes any one of: straight fins, intermittently slotted fins, circular fins, and inclined fins; the first flow channel is provided with guide vanes.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0017] This invention provides a low-resistance compact tube bundle heat exchange device suitable for high-speed airflow. By arranging heat exchange tube bundles with a flow tube spacing ratio of 1 between tube bundle inserts, the high flow resistance defect of traditional heat exchange structures is solved, and the flow resistance in the second flow channel is reduced and the overall pressure resistance of the structure is improved by utilizing the heat exchange tube bundle unit. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic front view of the overall structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tube bundle insert structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange tube bundle unit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the radial cross-sectional structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the air inlet and outlet channel structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0028] 1-Intake passage, 101-First inlet, 102-First outlet, 2-Outlet passage, 201-Second inlet, 202-Second outlet, 3-Tube bundle insert plate, 301-Lower insert plate, 302-Upper insert plate, 4-Intake tube bundle unit, 401-Third inlet, 402-Third outlet, 5-Outlet tube bundle unit, 501-Fourth inlet, 502-Fourth outlet, 6-Cavity, 601-Leading edge profile, 602-Tailing edge profile. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow, thereby reducing the impact of high flow resistance in traditional heat exchange structures.

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic front view of the overall structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tube bundle insert structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange tube bundle unit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a low-resistance compact tube bundle heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow, comprising: an inlet channel 1, an outlet channel 2, a tube bundle insert plate 3, an inlet tube bundle unit 4, an outlet tube bundle unit 5, and a collection cavity 6; the tube bundle insert plate 3 includes: an upper insert plate 302 and a lower insert plate 301; both the upper insert plate 302 and the lower insert plate 301 are provided with tube bundle insertion holes; the inlet channel 1 includes: a first inlet 101 and a first outlet 102; the outlet channel 2 includes: a second inlet 201 and a second outlet 202; the inlet tube bundle unit 4 includes: a third inlet 401 and a third outlet 402; the outlet tube bundle unit 5 includes: a fourth inlet 501 and a fourth outlet 502;

[0033] The third inlet 401 and the fourth outlet 502 are respectively connected to the tube bundle insertion holes on the lower insert plate 301; the third outlet 402 and the fourth inlet 501 are respectively connected to the tube bundle insertion holes on the upper insert plate 302; the heat exchange tube bundles in the inlet tube bundle unit 4 and the outlet tube bundle unit 5 are evenly arranged between the upper insert plate 302 and the lower insert plate 301 through the tube bundle insertion holes; the heat exchange tube bundles are all perpendicular to the upper insert plate 302 and the lower insert plate 301; the first outlet 102 and the second inlet 502 are connected to the tube bundle insertion holes on the lower insert plate 301. Port 201 is connected to the lower insert plate 301; the collection cavity 6 is connected to the upper insert plate 302; the air inlet channel 1, the air outlet channel 2, the tube bundle insert plate 3, the air inlet tube bundle unit 4, the air outlet tube bundle unit 5, and the internal channel of the collection cavity 6 constitute a first flow channel; the air inlet tube bundle unit 4, the air outlet tube bundle unit 5, the upper insert plate 302, and the lower insert plate 301 form a second flow channel; the air inlet channel 1 and the air outlet channel 2 are arranged to cross each other; the flow direction tube spacing ratio of the heat exchange tube bundle is 1.

[0034] Preferably, the inlet and outlet of the air intake channel 1, the air outlet channel 2, and the tube bundle insert plate 3 are all rectangular; the main body of the air intake channel 1 and the air outlet channel 2 is bent at 90°; the first inlet 101 and the second outlet 202 are respectively connected to the inner channel of the target engine.

[0035] Preferably, the heat exchange tube bundles in the inlet tube bundle unit 4 and the outlet tube bundle unit 5 are all hollow seamless round tubes.

[0036] refer to Figure 6 Both the air outlet channel 2 and the collecting cavity 6 are designed with a leading edge surface 601 and a trailing edge surface 602; both the leading edge surface 601 and the trailing edge surface 602 are arc-shaped.

[0037] Preferably, the structural wall thickness of the collection cavity 6 is 2 mm; the structural wall thickness of the heat exchange tube bundle is 0.15 mm; the diameter of the heat exchange tube bundle is 3 mm; the flow direction distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube bundles is 3 mm; and the lateral distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube bundles is 7.2 mm.

[0038] refer to Figure 7 The air intake channel 1, the air outlet channel 2, the heat exchange tube bundle, and the collection cavity 6 are arranged radially from the inside to the outside on the target engine.

[0039] refer to Figure 8 The cavity 6 is an open box.

[0040] The uncovered surface of the cavity 6 is in contact with the tube bundle insertion plate 3; the cavity 6 covers all the tube bundle insertion holes on the tube bundle insertion plate 3.

[0041] Optionally, the second flow channel is provided with a fin structure; the fin structure includes any one of: straight fins, intermittently slotted fins, circular fins, and inclined fins; the first flow channel is provided with guide vanes.

[0042] Specifically, the adjacent inlet tube bundle unit 4 and outlet tube bundle unit 5, along with the upper and lower tube bundle insert plates 3, form a channel, which is the second flow channel of the open-path structure. The first fluid working medium in the first flow channel flows sequentially along the direction of inlet channel 1, tube bundle insert plate 3, inlet tube bundle unit 4, tube bundle insert plate 3, collection cavity 6, outlet tube bundle unit 5, and outlet channel 2, with some flow direction deflection. After entering the heat exchange tube bundle structure, the overall flow direction is to the left. The second fluid working medium in the second flow channel flows outside the inlet tube bundle unit 4 and outlet tube bundle unit 5, with its overall flow direction to the right. In this embodiment, the first and second fluid working media flow in an overall counter-current manner. The positions of the inlet and outlet of the first flow channel can also be exchanged, i.e., the positions of inlet channel 1 and outlet channel 2 can be changed to achieve reverse flow of the first fluid working medium inside the first flow channel. The specific flow direction can be flexibly adjusted according to different needs.

[0043] Furthermore, the heat exchange tube bundle structure is a seamless circular tube, and the leading and trailing edges of the cavity 6 structure are both machined into arc shapes to reduce the flow resistance of the second fluid working medium in the second flow channel. Two sets of tube bundle insertion holes are arranged on the tube bundle insertion plate 3, and each set of insertion holes is evenly distributed. The outlet of the intake channel 1 is installed on the lower tube bundle insert plate 3, covering its right-side tube bundle insertion hole. The intake tube bundle unit 4 is inserted into the right-side tube bundle insertion hole of the lower tube bundle insert plate 3, connecting with the intake channel 1. The right-side insertion hole of the upper tube bundle insert plate 3 connects to the outlet of the intake tube bundle unit 4, and the left-side insertion hole connects to the inlet of the exhaust tube bundle unit 5. The collection cavity 6 is installed and connected to the upper tube bundle insert plate 3, covering all the insertion holes on the upper tube bundle insert plate 3. The first fluid working medium flows through the intake tube bundle into the exhaust tube bundle via the collection cavity 6. The outlet of the exhaust tube bundle unit 5 connects to the left-side insertion hole of the lower tube bundle insert plate 3, and the inlet of the exhaust channel 2 is also installed and connected here, thus realizing the process of the first fluid working medium from the exhaust tube bundle to the exhaust channel 2, thereby forming a complete first flow path. The collection cavity 6 is an open box with an internal cavity. The complete fluid domain of the working fluid in the first flow channel is composed of the internal cavities of the inlet channel 1 and the outlet channel 2, the insertion holes of the tube bundle insert plate 3, the internal space of the inlet tube bundle unit 4 and the outlet tube bundle unit 5, and the internal volume domain of the housing 6.

[0044] Preferably, the inlet channel 1 and outlet channel 2 installed on the lower tube bundle insert plate 3 can be interchanged, thereby changing the inlet and outlet directions of the heat exchange tube bundle and adjusting the flow path of the first flow channel of the compact tube bundle heat exchange structure to adapt to more application scenarios. Since the outlet channel 2 and inlet channel 1 are arranged alternately, guide vanes can be arranged in the first flow channel to guide the incoming airflow, reducing the flow resistance of the first fluid working medium in the first flow channel, mainly in the inlet channel 1, thus achieving optimal flow heat transfer capacity. While ensuring flow resistance limits, fins of different structural forms can be added to the heat exchange tube bundle to increase the outer surface area of ​​the heat exchange tube bundle and enhance the heat transfer capacity. The size of the heat exchange structure is reduced; the wall thickness of the cavity 6 and channel structure is 2mm, and the wall thickness of the heat exchange tube bundle structure is 0.15mm, reducing the overall weight of the structure. The heat exchange tube bundle unit has a diameter of 3 mm, providing sufficient flow space for the first fluid working medium while reducing the flow resistance to the second fluid working medium. The flow direction spacing between two adjacent heat exchange tube bundle units is 3 mm, and the lateral spacing is 7.2 mm, meaning the channel width of the second flow channel is approximately 7.2 mm. The width of the second fluid working medium flowing through the second flow channel is relatively small, enabling it to fully exchange heat with the inlet tube bundle units on both sides, the outlet tube bundle units, and the first fluid working medium in the collection cavity 6. Even under high-speed flow conditions, heat exchange can still be completed more uniformly.

[0045] Furthermore, the heat exchange tube bundle unit adopts a circular tube structure, vertically and evenly distributed between the two tube bundle insert plates 3, forming an open-path second flow channel. The leading and trailing edges of the collecting cavity 6 are set in an arc shape, which can effectively reduce the flow resistance of the fluid working medium through the second flow channel. Even when the second fluid working medium is at a high speed, the heat exchange structure can still maintain a low flow resistance level. The closed flow direction and the vertically uniform distribution in the transverse direction enhance the stability of the overall structure.

[0046] Preferably, the main body of this embodiment is a compact tube array structure, and there are no specific restrictions on the materials used. In harsh environments such as high temperature, more heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials can be used for processing and manufacturing. The main body structure - the compact tube array structure - has been proven by experiments and other methods to have a low resistance advantage compared with the common serpentine tube structure. The inlet and outlet channels also reduce the resistance in the channels caused by the structural characteristics by adopting a rounded transition. In addition, the aerodynamic performance in the flow channel can be optimized by adding inlet guide vanes in the inlet channel.

[0047] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0048] (1) By setting heat exchange tube bundles with a flow direction tube spacing ratio of 1 between tube bundle inserts, the second flow channel can maintain a low flow resistance even when the second fluid working medium is in a high-speed state. In addition, the vertically and tightly arranged circular tube structure enhances the pressure resistance and stability of the overall structure and effectively prevents environmental vibration mechanism from damaging the heat exchange structure.

[0049] (2) The circular tube heat exchange structure of the present invention retains the excellent dynamic structural characteristics of traditional tube bundle heat exchangers, and can effectively prevent environmental vibration excitation from damaging the heat exchange structure of the present invention. Compared with plate fins which also have low resistance characteristics, it can maintain a high Nusselt number; under laminar flow conditions, it can effectively improve the convective heat transfer coefficient on the second fluid working fluid side and enhance the heat transfer capacity of the heat exchange structure.

[0050] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0051] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow, characterized in that, include: Intake passage, exhaust passage, tube bundle insert plate, intake tube bundle unit, exhaust tube bundle unit and manifold; The tube bundle insert plate includes an upper insert plate and a lower insert plate; both the upper insert plate and the lower insert plate are provided with tube bundle insertion holes; the air intake channel includes a first inlet and a first outlet; the air outlet channel includes a second inlet and a second outlet; the air intake tube bundle unit includes a third inlet and a third outlet; the air outlet tube bundle unit includes a fourth inlet and a fourth outlet; The third inlet and the fourth outlet are respectively connected to the tube bundle insertion holes on the lower insert plate; the third outlet and the fourth inlet are respectively connected to the tube bundle insertion holes on the upper insert plate; the heat exchange tube bundles in the inlet tube bundle unit and the outlet tube bundle unit are evenly arranged between the upper insert plate and the lower insert plate through the tube bundle insertion holes; the heat exchange tube bundles are all perpendicular to the upper insert plate and the lower insert plate; the first outlet and the second inlet are respectively connected to the lower insert plate; the collection cavity is connected to the upper insert plate; the inlet channel, the outlet channel, the tube bundle insert plate, the inlet tube bundle unit, the outlet tube bundle unit, and the internal channel of the collection cavity constitute a first flow channel; the inlet tube bundle unit, the outlet tube bundle unit, the upper insert plate, and the lower insert plate form a second flow channel; the inlet channel and the outlet channel are intersecting and connected; the flow direction tube spacing ratio of the heat exchange tube bundle is 1.

2. The low-resistance compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet and outlet of the air intake passage, the air outlet passage, and the tube bundle insert are all rectangular; the main body of the air intake passage and the air outlet passage is bent at 90°; the first inlet and the second outlet are respectively connected to the inner channel of the target engine.

3. A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange tube bundles in both the inlet tube bundle unit and the outlet tube bundle unit are hollow, seamless round tubes.

4. A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the air outlet channel and the collecting cavity are designed with a leading edge profile and a trailing edge profile; both the leading edge profile and the trailing edge profile are arc-shaped.

5. A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural wall thickness of the collection cavity is 2 mm; the structural wall thickness of the heat exchange tube bundle is 0.15 mm; the diameter of the heat exchange tube bundle is 3 mm; the flow direction distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube bundles is 3 mm; and the lateral distance between two adjacent heat exchange tube bundles is 7.2 mm.

6. A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake passage, the air outlet passage, the heat exchange tube bundle, and the collection cavity are arranged radially from the inside to the outside on the target engine.

7. A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collection cavity is an open box; The uncovered surface of the cavity is in contact with the tube bundle insert plate; the cavity covers all the tube bundle insert holes on the tube bundle insert plate.

8. A low-resistance, compact tube heat exchanger suitable for high-speed airflow according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second flow channel is provided with a fin structure; the fin structure includes any one of: straight fins, intermittently slotted fins, circular fins, and inclined fins; the first flow channel is provided with guide vanes.

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