Electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device, ammonia fuel engine and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device, an ammonia fuel engine and an operation method, and relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, the electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device comprises a jet device, an auxiliary electrode, a spark plug and an ammonia sprayer, and the jet device comprises a jet device main body and a jet nozzle; the jet device main body is connected with the jet nozzle to form a pre-combustion chamber, and the pre-combustion chamber communicates with the main combustion chamber; the auxiliary electrode comprises a pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode and a main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode, the auxiliary electrode is connected with the control unit through an electrical circuit, and an electric field is formed in the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber; the spark plug is electrically connected with the control unit through an electrical circuit; and the ammonia spraying device is used for spraying ammonia gas into the pre-combustion chamber through a nozzle outlet of the ammonia spraying device, the ammonia gas is fully mixed with air in the pre-combustion chamber, the mixed gas is ignited at an ignition electrode of the spark plug under the action of an electric field, and the ammonia mixed gas in the main combustion chamber is ignited. Electric field combustion supporting is applied to the jet ignition device, and the combustion reaction rate and the flame propagation speed are increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, and in particular to an electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device, an ammonia fuel engine and an operating method. Background Art

[0002] As a carrier of hydrogen energy, ammonia has the advantages of zero carbon, high volume energy density, easy storage and transportation, and low fire risk. However, ammonia has characteristics that are not conducive to combustion, such as high ignition energy and slow flame propagation speed, so the enhanced combustion scheme of ammonia internal combustion engines has become a research focus.

[0003] The Chinese invention patent with application number 202210892522.1 discloses a hydrogen-ammonia internal combustion engine jet combustion system and its combustion control method, which introduces a solution of pre-combustion chamber liquid ammonia direct injection + glow plug + catalyst. However, the catalytic time of this solution is limited, and the direct injection of liquid ammonia into the glow plug will produce a strong cooling effect, which requires extremely high response of the catalyst; at the same time, the solution does not provide a spark plug, and the ignition reliability is questionable.

[0004] The Chinese invention patent with application number 202210830362.8 discloses an integrated hydrogen production jet ignition device and an ammonia fuel engine control system, which introduces an integrated hydrogen production combustion support scheme. However, this scheme also has the problem of insufficient catalyst response.

[0005] The Chinese invention patent with application number 202210038687.2 discloses a multi-combustion mode ammonia fuel engine and its control method, which introduces a technical solution of using an ignition agent for the pre-combustion chamber and ammonia for the main combustion chamber. However, this solution requires the replenishment and storage of at least two types of fuel, which significantly complicates the system. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides an electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device, an ammonia fuel engine and an operating method to solve the technical problems of the existing ammonia internal combustion engine, such as the difficulty in igniting ammonia gas, the slow flame propagation speed and the complex system, so as to achieve clean and efficient operation of the internal combustion engine using ammonia as fuel.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the first object of the present invention is to provide an electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device, which is installed on an internal combustion engine, and the electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device comprises:

[0008] An ejector, comprising an ejector body and an ejector nozzle installed in a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, wherein the ejector body is connected to the ejector nozzle to form a pre-combustion chamber having an internal space, and the pre-combustion chamber is communicated with the main combustion chamber;

[0009] Auxiliary electrodes, including a pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode located in the pre-combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode located in the main combustion chamber, the auxiliary electrodes are connected to an external control unit through electrical lines, and form electric fields in the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber;

[0010] a spark plug, disposed in the injector body, with an ignition electrode of the spark plug located in the pre-combustion chamber, and the spark plug being electrically connected to the control unit via an electrical circuit;

[0011] an ammonia injector, disposed in the ejector body, and a nozzle outlet of the ammonia injector is communicated with the pre-combustion chamber;

[0012] The ammonia injector is used to inject ammonia into the pre-combustion chamber through the nozzle outlet of the ammonia injector, and fully mix it with air in the pre-combustion chamber. The mixed gas is ignited at the ignition electrode of the spark plug due to the action of the electric field, and ignites the ammonia mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the outside of the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode is wrapped with a pre-combustion chamber insulator arranged in the ejector body, and the pre-combustion chamber insulator is made of high temperature resistant insulating material.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode is wrapped on the outside with a main combustion chamber insulator arranged in the jet nozzle, and the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode is made of high temperature resistant insulating material.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the jet nozzle is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed spray holes, and the pre-combustion chamber is connected with the main combustion chamber through the spray holes.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the spray holes include a central spray hole located on the central axis of the jet nozzle and peripheral spray holes that are evenly distributed and form a certain angle with the central axis of the jet nozzle, and the diameter of the central spray hole is larger than the diameter of the peripheral spray holes.

[0017] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the axis of the nozzle outlet of the ammonia injector is not in the same plane as the axis of the ejector body.

[0018] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode and the surrounding spray holes are staggered at a certain angle along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the jet nozzle.

[0019] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, it also includes a sealing structure, a clamping structure and a connecting structure, one end of the clamping structure is connected to the end of the ejector away from the main combustion chamber, and the other end is connected to the connecting structure, and the sealing structure is connected between the ejector and the clamping structure.

[0020] The second object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia fuel engine, including the electric field assisted combustion jet ignition device as described above, wherein the cylinder of the ammonia fuel engine is provided with an intake duct and an exhaust duct connected to the main combustion chamber, the intake duct is provided with an intake valve, and the exhaust duct is provided with an exhaust valve.

[0021] The third object of the present invention is to provide an operating method of an ammonia fuel engine, comprising the ammonia fuel engine as described above, wherein the ammonia fuel engine is a four-stroke operation mode, and the operating method of the ammonia fuel engine is as follows:

[0022] The intake stroke and compression stroke in the first cycle having four strokes connect the pre-combustion chamber with the main combustion chamber, the high temperature combustion gas remaining in the pre-combustion chamber enters the main combustion chamber under pressure driving during the intake stroke, and the ammonia / air mixture in the main combustion chamber is squeezed into the pre-combustion chamber during the compression stroke;

[0023] In the early stage of the power stroke, the pre-combustion chamber is disconnected from the main combustion chamber, and a closed space is formed in the pre-combustion chamber. During this period, a catalyst is used to form a high-temperature and high-pressure mixture in the pre-combustion chamber, and the position of the injection control valve is maintained until the end of the first cycle;

[0024] During the intake stroke and compression stroke of the following second cycle, the injection control valve position is maintained;

[0025] At the end of the compression stroke, the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the main combustion chamber, and the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed gas in the pre-combustion chamber is injected into the main combustion chamber to ignite the ammonia / air mixture in the main combustion chamber; then, at the beginning of the power stroke, the injection control valve is controlled to disconnect the pre-combustion chamber from the main combustion chamber, and the position of the injection control valve is maintained until the end of the second cycle;

[0026] At this point, the pre-combustion chamber completes one full working cycle, and the corresponding engine completes two full working cycles.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant advantages and beneficial effects, which are specifically embodied in the following aspects:

[0028] The electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device in the present invention is composed of an ejector, an auxiliary electrode, a spark plug, an ammonia injector and a control unit. The ejector is an engine fuel supply device, which is used to supply fuel to the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber. The ammonia injector is arranged in the ejector body, and the nozzle outlet of the ammonia injector is located in the pre-combustion chamber. The ammonia injector is used to inject ammonia into the pre-combustion chamber; the spark plug is installed in the ejector body, and the ignition electrode of the spark plug is also arranged in the pre-combustion chamber; the auxiliary electrode can play a disturbing role on the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber, and utilizes the wake effect and the wall effect to increase the turbulent kinetic energy and swirl ratio of the gas mixture, so that the flame jet and the gas in the main combustion chamber are efficiently mixed, and the effect of multi-point high-energy ignition is promoted.

[0029] Under the control of the control unit (ECU), a first voltage is formed between the auxiliary electrode of the pre-combustion chamber and the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber, and a second voltage is formed between the auxiliary electrode of the main combustion chamber and the inner wall of the main combustion chamber. According to the requirements of the combustion system, a high voltage difference of a specific size is formed between the first voltage and the second voltage. The electric field combustion-supporting device is applied to the jet ignition device, taking ammonia fuel as a typical example. The device simultaneously utilizes the polarity of ammonia molecules, ion wind effect, electrochemical effect, etc. for combustion-supporting, which can accelerate the combustion reaction rate and the propagation speed of ammonia flame, and improve the power and reliability of the ammonia engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the jet nozzle in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pre-combustion chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a bottom view structural schematic diagram of the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device in the embodiment of the present invention after the jet nozzle is removed;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the auxiliary electrode of the pre-combustion chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the ammonia injector in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 1-Ejector;

[0040] 11- ejector body; 12- jet nozzle; 121- spray hole; 1211- central spray hole; 1212- peripheral spray holes;

[0041] 2- auxiliary electrode;

[0042] 21- pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode; 211- pre-combustion chamber insulator; 22- main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode; 221- main combustion chamber insulator;

[0043] 3-spark plug; 31-ignition electrode;

[0044] 4- ammonia sprayer; 41- nozzle outlet;

[0045] 5- Pre-combustion chamber;

[0046] 6- Auxiliary airbag system;

[0047] 61-air bag; 62-gas pipeline; 63-external gas source;

[0048] 7-sealing structure; 8-clamping structure; 9-connecting structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the present invention, if there are words such as "several", it means one or more, "more" means more than two, greater than, less than, exceed, etc. are understood as not including the number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the number.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0053] In the absence of conflict, the above embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0054] like Figure 1-8As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device, which is installed on an internal combustion engine to solve the technical problems of difficulty in ignition of ammonia gas and slow flame propagation speed in the internal combustion engine. For this purpose, the electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device in this embodiment includes an ejector 1, an auxiliary electrode 2, a spark plug 3, an ammonia injector 4 and a control unit, wherein:

[0055] The ejector 1 comprises an ejector body 11 and an ejector nozzle 12. The ejector nozzle 12 is installed in a main combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine. The ejector body 11 is connected to the ejector nozzle 12 to form a pre-combustion chamber 5 having an inner space. The pre-combustion chamber 5 is communicated with the main combustion chamber.

[0056] The auxiliary electrode 2 includes a pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 and a main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22. The pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 is located in the pre-combustion chamber 5, and the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 is located in the main combustion chamber. The auxiliary electrode 2 is connected to an external control unit through an electrical line, and an electric field is formed in the pre-combustion chamber 5 and the main combustion chamber. The use of electric field to assist combustion is not only sensitive and convenient to adjust, but also has high energy efficiency and simple structure.

[0057] The spark plug 3 is disposed in the injector body 11, and the ignition electrode 31 of the spark plug 3 is located in the pre-combustion chamber. The spark plug 3 is electrically connected to the control unit through an electrical line.

[0058] The ammonia injector 4 is disposed in the ejector body 11 , and a nozzle outlet 41 of the ammonia injector 4 is communicated with the pre-combustion chamber 5 .

[0059] The ammonia injector 4 is used to inject ammonia into the pre-combustion chamber 5 through the nozzle outlet 41 of the ammonia injector 4, and fully mix it with air in the pre-combustion chamber 5. The mixed gas is ignited at the ignition electrode 31 of the spark plug 3 by the action of the electric field, and ignites the ammonia mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0060] Specifically, see Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 4, in the embodiments of the present invention, in order to solve the combustion problems such as the difficulty in igniting ammonia and the slow flame propagation speed, the ignition device is installed in the main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, and the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device is composed of an ejector 1, an auxiliary electrode 2, a spark plug 3, an ammonia injector 4 and a control unit. The ejector 1 is an engine fuel supply device for supplying fuel to the pre-combustion chamber 5 and the main combustion chamber. In this embodiment, the ejector 1 includes an air ejector and an ammonia fuel ejector. The nozzle of the air ejector extends into the pre-combustion chamber 5 for injecting air into the pre-combustion chamber 5, and the nozzle of the ammonia fuel ejector extends into the pre-combustion chamber 5 for injecting air into the pre-combustion chamber 5. Fuel is sprayed into the pre-combustion chamber 5. In addition, the ejector 1 can also be any other device or method known in the art; the ammonia injector 4 is arranged in the ejector body 11, and the nozzle outlet 41 of the ammonia injector 4 is located in the pre-combustion chamber 5, and the ammonia injector 4 is used to spray ammonia into the pre-combustion chamber 5; the spark plug 3 is also installed in the ejector body 11, and the ignition electrode 31 of the spark plug 3 is also arranged in the pre-combustion chamber 5; the auxiliary electrode 2 can play a disturbing role in the pre-combustion chamber 5 and the main combustion chamber, and utilize the wake effect and the wall effect to increase the turbulent kinetic energy and swirl ratio of the gas mixture, so that the flame jet and the gas in the main combustion chamber are efficiently mixed, and the effect of multi-point high-energy ignition is promoted.

[0061] Under the control of the control unit (ECU), a first voltage is formed between the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 and the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber 5, and a second voltage is formed between the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 and the inner wall of the main combustion chamber. According to the requirements of the combustion system, a high voltage difference of a specific size is formed between the first voltage and the second voltage.

[0062] For example: when the first voltage and the second voltage are high-frequency AC voltages, the electromagnetic field energy generated by the auxiliary electrode 2 can be input into the main combustion chamber through the excitation of the rotational energy level and / or the electronic energy level and the forced vibration of the plasma, thereby improving the fuel activity in the main combustion chamber.

[0063] For another example: when the first voltage and the second voltage are low-frequency or DC voltages, the electric field in the same direction as the flame propagation direction can enhance the mass transfer and heat transfer inside the system with the help of the ion wind effect, and significantly accelerate the flame front speed, while the electric field in the opposite direction to the flame propagation direction can enhance the mass transfer and heat transfer and accelerate the reaction rate while playing a role in constraining the flame.

[0064] If a DC voltage is applied to the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 and the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22, the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 can be set to a negative potential to generate an electron flow away from the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 and a cation flow directed toward the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21, thereby promoting mass transfer and heat transfer and reducing combustion chamber wall ablation; the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 can be set to a positive potential (both the positive and negative potentials are relative to the jet nozzle 12 or the ground potential) to facilitate the overall electrical neutrality of the device to the outside, reduce the external charging and discharging of the combustion chamber shell, improve safety, and at the same time generate a cation wind directed toward the jet nozzle 12, thereby reducing heat transfer losses through the main combustion chamber wall and suppressing the quenching effect of the jet nozzle 12.

[0065] If an alternating voltage is applied to the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 and the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22, the alternating frequency should preferably be above 10 kHz (mainly electrochemical effect to assist combustion) or below 100 Hz (mainly ion wind effect to assist combustion).

[0066] It should be noted that the material of the auxiliary electrode 2 can be selected from aluminum alloy. The electrode position and voltage of the auxiliary electrode 2 shall not exceed the dielectric strength, and the field strength in the combustion area (especially near the ignition position) shall be increased as much as possible, while minimizing heat transfer losses and obstacles to normal flow transport. For example, the auxiliary electrode 21 of the pre-combustion chamber is relatively close to the electrode of the spark plug 3 on the one hand to increase the initial ignition energy, and is close to the center of the large vortex in the pre-combustion chamber on the other hand, occupying the "dead zone" of the flow field, reducing heat transfer and flow losses, and relying on the electric field that is closer to the electrode to compensate for the ignition energy input of the boundary layer; for another example, the auxiliary electrode 22 of the main combustion chamber has a one-to-one correspondence with the circumferentially arranged nozzles to increase the combustion-supporting field strength, and is not strictly located on the nozzle axis, while reducing heat transfer, flow losses and mechanical loads of the electrode, it can also use the wall effect to generate vortices and use the wake effect to increase turbulent kinetic energy, thereby strengthening the main combustion chamber gas ignition and flame propagation.

[0067] In addition, the spark generation position of the ignition electrode of the spark plug 3 is located near the combustible gas-air mixing boundary layer range, so as to facilitate the efficient and reliable ignition of ammonia.

[0068] To this end, the embodiment of the present invention applies electric field combustion assistance to the jet ignition device, uses ammonia as fuel, and utilizes the polarity of ammonia molecules, ion wind effect, electrochemical effect, etc. to assist combustion, which can accelerate the combustion reaction rate, increase the ammonia flame propagation speed, and improve the power and reliability of the ammonia engine; the use of the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 can promote the stable ignition and rapid combustion of the mixture in the pre-combustion chamber 5, and then through the jet nozzle 12, multi-point high-energy ignition and stable and efficient combustion in the main combustion chamber are achieved.

[0069] The combustion in the pre-combustion chamber 5 is enhanced, while the heat transfer loss and heat load of the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber 5 are not large; the heat transfer quenching effect of the jet nozzle 12 is suppressed; the combustion in the main combustion chamber is enhanced, while the heat transfer loss and heat load of the inner wall of the main combustion chamber are not large; the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device tends to be electrically neutral as a whole, and is safer.

[0070] See also Figure 4 , 7 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the outside of the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 is wrapped with a pre-combustion chamber insulator 211, and the pre-combustion chamber insulator 211 is arranged in the ejector body 11, and the pre-combustion chamber insulator 211 is made of high temperature resistant insulating material.

[0071] In this embodiment, ammonia is filled into the pre-combustion chamber 5 until the ammonia is fully burned. The pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 can be at a high potential of the order of kilovolts (relative to the jet nozzle 12 and the ejector body 11) to achieve the purpose of electric field enhancement of mass transfer, heat transfer and reaction activity.

[0072] By arranging the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 in the pre-combustion chamber insulator 211 , the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 has good sealing and insulation effects, which greatly improves the adaptability life of the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 .

[0073] The material of the pre-combustion chamber insulator 211 is selected from high temperature resistant (above 500°C) insulating materials, such as alumina ceramics. Compared with traditional thermosetting polyimide resins, alumina ceramics show absolute processing advantages and are the most ideal material to replace thermosetting polyimide.

[0074] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 is made into a point (sphere) shape. Of course, the shape of the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 can also be set to other shapes such as square and triangle. The present embodiment does not impose any restrictions on the shape of the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21.

[0075] See also Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the outside of the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 is also wrapped with a main combustion chamber insulator 221, the main combustion chamber insulator 221 is arranged in the jet nozzle 12, and the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 is made of high temperature resistant insulating material.

[0076] In this embodiment, during the period from the injection of the jet fuel gas into the main combustion chamber to the complete combustion of the ammonia, the auxiliary electrode 22 of the main combustion chamber can be at a low potential of the order of kilovolts (relative to the jet nozzle 12 and the ejector body 11) to achieve the purpose of enhancing the mass transfer, heat transfer and reaction activity by the electric field. By arranging the auxiliary electrode 22 of the main combustion chamber in the insulator 221 of the main combustion chamber, the adaptability life of the auxiliary electrode 22 of the main combustion chamber is also improved.

[0077] Similarly, the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 is also made into a point (sphere) shape. Of course, the shape of the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 can also be set to other shapes such as square, triangle, etc. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions on the shape of the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22.

[0078] See also Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the jet nozzle 12 is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed spray holes 121 , and the pre-combustion chamber 5 is connected with the main combustion chamber through the spray holes 121 .

[0079] In this embodiment, the ejector body 11 is connected to the jet nozzle 12 to form a pre-combustion chamber 5. The jet nozzle 12 is used to accelerate the flame propagation, increase the combustion rate, and thus improve the economy of the engine.

[0080] The ammonia generated in the pre-combustion chamber 5 can be formed into an ammonia jet stream through the spray hole 121 and uniformly injected into the main combustion chamber 4, thereby improving the thermal efficiency.

[0081] The arrangement of the pre-combustion chamber 5 and the spray hole 121 adopts a streamlined design to reduce the throttling loss of the pre-combustion chamber ventilation, which is beneficial for a passive jet ignition device. In addition, this embodiment can also be used for an active jet ignition device. In this case, preferably, the air inlet of the pre-combustion chamber is arranged at the upper part of the pre-combustion chamber and the air is sprayed in the circumferential direction, so that the air flow line forms a vortex shape and leaves the pre-combustion chamber 5 from the spray hole 121. Obviously, such an arrangement can ensure sufficient ventilation of the pre-combustion chamber 5, avoid the formation of a "dead zone", and make full use of the streamlined design to reduce throttling losses.

[0082] Reference Figure 5 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the spray hole 121 includes a central spray hole 1211 located on the central axis of the jet nozzle 12 and surrounding spray holes 1212 that are evenly distributed and form a certain angle with the central axis of the jet nozzle 12, and the diameter of the central spray hole 1211 is greater than the diameter of the surrounding spray holes 1212.

[0083] Preferably, the angle between the central axis of the peripheral spray holes 1212 and the central axis of the central spray hole 1211 is in the range of 30 to 60 degrees. With such a design, the jet range can be increased, thereby accelerating the combustion process and improving thermal efficiency.

[0084] Reference Figure 6 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the axis of the nozzle outlet 41 of the ammonia injector 4 is not in the same plane as the axis of the ejector body 11 .

[0085] Therefore, the eccentric arrangement of the axes can leave space for the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 21 and the pre-combustion chamber insulator 211, and generate a pre-combustion chamber swirl to promote the mixing of combustible gas and air.

[0086] Reference Figure 4 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 and the surrounding spray holes 1212 are staggered at a certain angle along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the jet nozzle 12 .

[0087] Therefore, the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 and the surrounding nozzles 1212 are staggered at a certain angle along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the jet nozzle 12, so as to utilize the wall effect to generate main combustion chamber vortex, enhance turbulent kinetic energy and reduce heat transfer quenching effect, thereby promoting the combustion of ammonia fuel; the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode 22 with a micro-offset arrangement can also play the role of blunt body turbulence to promote combustion and wall effect vortex to promote combustion.

[0088] Reference Figure 2 , 7 As shown in Figure 8, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the device also includes an auxiliary airbag system 6, including an airbag 61, a gas pipeline 62 and an external gas source 63. The airbag 61 contains gas, has a variable volume, is attached to the inner wall of the pre-combustion chamber 5, and is not connected to the gas space of the pre-combustion chamber 5. Its interior is connected to the external gas source 63 through the gas pipeline 62, and the gas pressure of the external gas source 63 can meet the requirements of being higher than the exhaust pressure and lower than the normal compression top dead center pressure. During the compression stroke, the cylinder pressure rises to a level higher than the external gas source 63, the airbag 61 exhausts gas outward, the volume of the pre-combustion chamber 5 increases, and the fresh gas of the main combustion chamber is filled into the pre-combustion chamber 5; after ignition and exhaust stroke, the cylinder pressure drops to a level lower than the external gas source 63, the airbag 61 inflates inward, the volume of the pre-combustion chamber 5 decreases, and the exhaust gas is discharged. Therefore, compared with the conventional passive jet ignition pre-combustion chamber, this structure realizes sufficient ventilation of the pre-combustion chamber space, which is conducive to maintaining a normal ignition equivalence ratio.

[0089] Preferably, the airbag 61 is made of a heat-resistant, corrosion-resistant and flexible material; the external air source 63 is set as a separate closed pressure-stabilized air storage space or is set to be connected to the air intake duct. In addition, the air pressure of the external air source 63 can be adjusted according to the load size: under high load, increasing the pressure of the external air source 63 can make the exhaust gas discharge more fully; under low load, reducing the pressure of the external air source 63 can make the pre-combustion chamber 5 inhale fresh air more fully.

[0090] Reference Figure 1 , 5 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the electric field assisted combustion jet ignition device also includes a sealing structure 7, a clamping structure 8 and a connecting structure 9, wherein one end of the clamping structure 8 is connected to the end of the ejector 1 away from the main combustion chamber, and the other end is connected to the connecting structure 9, and the sealing structure 7 is connected between the ejector 1 and the clamping structure 8.

[0091] Therefore, the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device is provided with a sealing structure 7 to prevent the combustion chamber gas from leaking outward and the supply pipeline gas from leaking inward; the setting of the clamping structure 8 facilitates assembly and disassembly; and the setting of the connecting structure 9 is used to fix it to a suitable position of the engine.

[0092] Some other embodiments of the present invention also provide an ammonia fuel engine, which includes the electric field assisted combustion jet ignition device described above, and the cylinder of the ammonia fuel engine is provided with an intake duct and an exhaust duct connected to the main combustion chamber, the intake duct is provided with an intake valve, and the exhaust duct is provided with an exhaust valve.

[0093] The cylinder of the ammonia fuel engine includes a cylinder body and a cylinder head arranged on the cylinder body, an intake duct and an exhaust duct are arranged on the cylinder head, the intake duct is provided with an intake valve, the exhaust duct is provided with an exhaust valve, a piston is slidably installed in the cylinder body, a main combustion chamber is formed between the piston, the cylinder body and the cylinder head, the main combustion chamber is connected with the intake duct and the exhaust duct, and the main combustion chamber is used to provide a place for the combustion process of the mixture of ammonia and air.

[0094] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an ammonia fuel engine, which includes the electric field assisted combustion jet ignition device described above, and the cylinder of the ammonia fuel engine is provided with an intake duct and an exhaust duct connected to the main combustion chamber, the intake duct is provided with an intake valve, and the exhaust duct is provided with an exhaust valve.

[0095] The beneficial effects of the ammonia fuel engine are the same as those of the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device, and will not be described in detail here.

[0096] Another embodiment of the present invention further provides an operating method of an ammonia fuel engine, comprising the ammonia fuel engine described above, wherein the ammonia fuel engine is a four-stroke operation mode, and the operating method of the ammonia fuel engine is as follows:

[0097] During the intake stroke and the compression stroke in the first cycle having four strokes, the pre-combustion chamber 5 is connected with the main combustion chamber. During the intake stroke, the high-temperature ammonia mixture remaining in the pre-combustion chamber 5 enters the main combustion chamber under pressure driving. During the compression stroke, the ammonia / air mixture in the main combustion chamber is squeezed into the pre-combustion chamber 5.

[0098] In the early stage of the power stroke, the pre-combustion chamber 5 is disconnected from the main combustion chamber, and a closed space is formed in the pre-combustion chamber 5. During this period, the auxiliary electrode 21 of the pre-combustion chamber is energized to generate a magnetic field, so that a high-temperature and high-pressure mixed gas is formed in the pre-combustion chamber, and the position of the injection control valve is maintained until the first cycle is completed;

[0099] During the intake stroke and compression stroke of the following second cycle, the injection control valve position is maintained;

[0100] At the end of the compression stroke, the pre-combustion chamber 5 is connected to the main combustion chamber, and the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed gas in the pre-combustion chamber 5 is injected into the main combustion chamber to ignite the ammonia / air mixed gas in the main combustion chamber; then, at the beginning of the power stroke, the pre-combustion chamber 5 is disconnected from the main combustion chamber, and the position of the injection control valve is maintained until the end of the second cycle;

[0101] At this point, the pre-combustion chamber completes one full working cycle, while the corresponding ammonia fuel engine completes two full working cycles.

[0102] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device, installed on an internal combustion engine, characterized in that: include: An ejector, comprising an ejector body and an ejector nozzle installed in a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, wherein the ejector body is connected to the ejector nozzle to form a pre-combustion chamber having an internal space, and the pre-combustion chamber is communicated with the main combustion chamber; Auxiliary electrodes, including a pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode located in the pre-combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode located in the main combustion chamber, the auxiliary electrodes are connected to an external control unit through electrical lines, and form electric fields in the pre-combustion chamber and the main combustion chamber; a spark plug, disposed in the injector body, with an ignition electrode of the spark plug located in the pre-combustion chamber, and the spark plug being electrically connected to the control unit via an electrical circuit; an ammonia injector, disposed in the ejector body, and a nozzle outlet of the ammonia injector is communicated with the pre-combustion chamber; The ammonia injector is used to inject ammonia into the pre-combustion chamber through the nozzle outlet of the ammonia injector, and fully mix it with air in the pre-combustion chamber. The mixed gas is ignited at the ignition electrode of the spark plug due to the action of the electric field, and ignites the ammonia mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.

2. The electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outside of the pre-combustion chamber auxiliary electrode is wrapped with a pre-combustion chamber insulator arranged in the ejector body, and the pre-combustion chamber insulator is made of high-temperature resistant insulating material.

3. The electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode is wrapped outside with a main combustion chamber insulator arranged in the jet nozzle, and the main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode is made of high temperature resistant insulating material.

4. The electric field combustion-supporting jet ignition device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The jet nozzle is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed spray holes, and the pre-combustion chamber is connected with the main combustion chamber through the spray holes.

5. The electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The spray holes include a central spray hole located on the central axis of the jet nozzle and peripheral spray holes that are evenly distributed and form a certain angle with the central axis of the jet nozzle, and the diameter of the central spray hole is greater than that of the peripheral spray holes.

6. The electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The axis of the nozzle outlet of the ammonia injector is not in the same plane as the axis of the ejector body.

7. The electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main combustion chamber auxiliary electrode and the surrounding spray holes are staggered at a certain angle along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the jet nozzle.

8. The electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a sealing structure, a clamping structure and a connecting structure, one end of the clamping structure is connected to the end of the ejector away from the main combustion chamber, the other end is connected to the connecting structure, and the sealing structure is connected between the ejector and the clamping structure.

9. An ammonia fuel engine, characterized in that: It comprises the electric field combustion-assisted jet ignition device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cylinder of the ammonia fuel engine is provided with an intake duct and an exhaust duct connected to the main combustion chamber, the intake duct is provided with an intake valve, and the exhaust duct is provided with an exhaust valve.

10. A method for operating an ammonia fuel engine, characterized in that: The invention comprises the ammonia fuel engine as claimed in claim 9, wherein the ammonia fuel engine is a four-stroke operation mode, and the operation method of the ammonia fuel engine is as follows: The intake stroke and compression stroke in the first cycle having four strokes connect the pre-combustion chamber with the main combustion chamber, the high temperature combustion gas remaining in the pre-combustion chamber enters the main combustion chamber under pressure driving during the intake stroke, and the ammonia / air mixture in the main combustion chamber is squeezed into the pre-combustion chamber during the compression stroke; In the early stage of the power stroke, the pre-combustion chamber is disconnected from the main combustion chamber, and a closed space is formed in the pre-combustion chamber. During this period, a catalyst is used to form a high-temperature and high-pressure mixture in the pre-combustion chamber, and the position of the injection control valve is maintained until the end of the first cycle; During the intake stroke and compression stroke of the following second cycle, the injection control valve position is maintained; At the end of the compression stroke, the pre-combustion chamber is connected to the main combustion chamber, and the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed gas in the pre-combustion chamber is injected into the main combustion chamber to ignite the ammonia / air mixture in the main combustion chamber; Then, early in the power stroke, the injection control valve is controlled to disconnect the pre-combustion chamber from the main combustion chamber, and the position of the injection control valve is maintained until the end of the second cycle; At this point, the pre-combustion chamber completes one complete working cycle, and the corresponding engine completes two complete working cycles.

Images