A damper-adjustable shock absorber

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of shock absorber, and particularly relates to a damping-adjustable shock absorber, which is provided with a hydraulic damping adjusting device and an air pressure damping adjusting device on the main body of the shock absorber. The hydraulic damping adjusting device comprises a hydraulic adjusting end cover, the hydraulic adjusting end cover is provided with an adjusting cavity in communication with a hydraulic driving assembly, and the adjusting cavity and a throttle rod are connected through a hydraulic push rod. The air pressure damping adjusting device comprises an air pressure piston matched with a damping adjusting cylinder, an air pressure cavity is formed between the air pressure piston and a damping piston, and the corresponding end of the damping adjusting cylinder is connected with an air pressure driving assembly. The hydraulic damping adjusting device drives the throttle rod to move axially in a hydraulic mode to adjust the flow area of a throttle passage, effectively solving the problem of leakage of damping oil in the prior art. The air pressure damping adjusting device directly changes the air pressure compression amount of the air pressure cavity through axial movement of the air pressure piston, and does not need to perform air charging and discharging operation on the air pressure cavity.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shock absorber technology, specifically referring to a shock absorber with adjustable damping. Background technology:

[0002] Shock absorbers, as components of motor vehicles, effectively absorb the vibration energy generated by the vehicle through the up-and-down movement of the piston rod, the compression and rebound of the spring, and the damping flow of hydraulic oil. Dual-chamber shock absorbers, which offer better damping performance, generally include a sleeve assembly, a dual-seat adjusting valve, and a damping gas tank. The sleeve assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder filled with damping oil, a piston rod, and a spring assembly. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the dual-seat adjusting valve and the hydraulic chamber of the gas tank via a flow channel. The gas tank's pressure chamber is filled with inert gas. The pressure balance between the pressure chamber and the hydraulic chamber achieves the purpose of absorbing vibration.

[0003] Currently, in order to adjust the damping effect of shock absorbers, the following two methods are mostly used:

[0004] 1. Changing the flow damping force of hydraulic oil; Refer to the damping adjustable shock absorber disclosed in the existing Chinese invention patent (authorization announcement number CN109764077B), which includes a cylinder body, the interior of which forms a sealed oil chamber. A sealing seat is disposed in the oil chamber and in close contact with the cylinder body, dividing the oil chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber. A connecting rod assembly is tightly inserted through the sealing seat. The connecting rod assembly includes a throttling sleeve and a throttling element. The connecting rod assembly also has a liquid channel. The throttling sleeve forms a throttling channel. A throttling orifice is formed on the connecting rod assembly and is located in the second chamber. The first chamber and the second chamber are connected through the throttling channel, the liquid channel, and the throttling orifice. A throttling head is disposed at one end of the throttling element near the throttling sleeve. The throttling head is shaped to taper towards the throttling sleeve. The throttling element is movable relative to the throttling sleeve, and the throttling head can extend into the throttling channel to close the throttling channel. Furthermore, the connecting rod assembly also includes an adjusting rod and a return spring. The adjusting rod is slidably disposed in the piston rod, and the return spring is sleeved on the throttling element and located between the throttling sleeve and the adjusting rod. The tail end of the adjusting rod has a first inclined surface structure. The connecting rod assembly also includes an adjusting component, which includes an adjusting seat and an adjusting knob. The adjusting knob is sleeved on the adjusting seat, and the adjusting seat and the adjusting knob are threaded together. The adjusting knob is connected to an adjusting block, and the bottom end of the adjusting block has a second inclined surface structure. The first inclined surface structure and the second inclined surface structure are slidably engaged.

[0005] However, the oil inside the cylinder will flow to the adjusting seat along the fit gap between the piston rod, the throttling device, and the adjusting rod. Even if a sealing ring is set at the tail of the adjusting rod to prevent the oil from continuing to leak out, after several actual damping adjustments, the axial movement of the adjusting rod will inevitably reduce the sealing performance of the sealing ring at that point. Eventually, the oil will leak out through the adjusting seat at the adjusting knob, which will seriously affect the normal damping effect of the shock absorber.

[0006] II. Changing the air pressure inside the damping tank; Refer to the manually adjustable damping shock absorber disclosed in Chinese Utility Model Patent (Authorization Announcement No. CN208703005U), which includes a base, a hydraulic cylinder on the base, an inner cylinder coaxially arranged inside the hydraulic cylinder, a through hole on the inner cylinder, an upper sealing cover inside the hydraulic cylinder, an outer cylinder sleeved on the hydraulic cylinder, a lower sealing cover inside the outer cylinder, a piston rod inside the inner cylinder, a piston at the other end of the piston rod located inside the inner cylinder, a spring on the piston rod located between the upper and lower sealing covers, an airbag device on the base, the airbag device being connected to the inner cylinder and the cavity respectively with a first flow channel and a second flow channel, and a first adjustment device and a second adjustment device respectively arranged on the first flow channel and the second flow channel to adjust their liquid flow cross-section. The airbag device includes an airbag cylinder with openings at both ends. One end of the airbag cylinder is located on the airbag mounting groove, and the other end of the airbag cylinder is provided with an airbag sealing cap. The sealing cap has a through hole in the middle and a plug is provided on the through hole. An airbag piston is provided inside the airbag cylinder, which divides the airbag cylinder into an air chamber and an oil chamber. The oil chamber is connected to the airbag mounting groove.

[0007] However, in the above structure, in order to adjust the air pressure in the air chamber, it is necessary to disassemble and reassemble the plug at the sealing cap and use an external air source to inflate or deflate the air chamber. Each inflation or deflation adjustment operation is quite troublesome. Moreover, after each inflation or deflation, a shock absorption effect test is required. If the shock absorption effect of the shock absorber does not meet expectations, it is necessary to repeat the inflation or deflation operation of the air chamber. It can be seen that the entire operation of adjusting the air pressure in the air chamber in the existing structure is very cumbersome, complicated and time-consuming, and extremely inefficient. Summary of the Invention:

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a damping adjustable shock absorber, which is equipped with one or both of a hydraulic damping adjustment device and a pneumatic damping adjustment device. The hydraulic damping adjustment device uses hydraulic force to drive the throttle rod to move axially to adjust the flow area of ​​the throttle channel, effectively solving the problem of damping oil leakage in the prior art. The pneumatic damping adjustment device directly changes the air pressure compression of the air chamber by the axial movement of the air pressure piston, without the need to charge or deflate the air chamber, making it simple, quick and efficient to operate.

[0009] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0010] An adjustable damping shock absorber includes a regulating valve body, a sleeve assembly and a damping airbag assembly mounted on the regulating valve body. The damping airbag assembly includes a damping regulating cylinder and a damping piston with a plunger inside the regulating cylinder. The damping piston divides the inner cavity of the regulating cylinder into a pneumatic chamber and a hydraulic chamber. A damping flow channel within the sleeve assembly communicates with the hydraulic chamber through the regulating valve body. The lower end of the piston rod slides within the hydraulic cylinder of the sleeve assembly and is fitted with a piston valve body. This piston valve body divides the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder into an upper oil chamber and a lower oil chamber. The piston rod has a throttling channel connecting the upper and lower oil chambers. A throttling rod slides axially at the central hole of the piston rod. A preload spring is provided between the throttling rod and the throttling channel. The shock absorber body includes a hydraulic damping adjustment device and a pneumatic damping adjustment device.

[0011] The hydraulic damping adjustment device includes a hydraulic adjustment end cap disposed at the upper end of the piston rod. The hydraulic adjustment end cap is provided with an adjustment chamber that allows fluid to flow with the hydraulic drive assembly. The adjustment chamber is connected to the upper end of the throttle rod via a hydraulic push rod that is fitted with a plunger on the hydraulic adjustment end cap. The hydraulic pressure in the adjustment chamber is controlled by the hydraulic drive assembly to drive the throttle rod to move axially.

[0012] The pneumatic damping adjustment device includes a pneumatic piston with a plunger fitted inside a damping adjustment cylinder. The pneumatic piston and the damping piston form the pneumatic chamber. A pneumatic drive assembly is connected to the corresponding end of the damping adjustment cylinder. The pneumatic drive assembly drives the pneumatic piston to move axially to adjust the amount of air compression in the pneumatic chamber.

[0013] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, the sleeve assembly includes an outer cylinder with its lower port fitted over a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic adjustment end cap is fixed at the upper port of the outer cylinder. The lower end of the hydraulic adjustment end cap has a lower mounting hole for fixing the upper end of the piston rod, and the upper end has an upper mounting hole communicating with the lower mounting hole. The upper mounting hole is connected to the hydraulic drive assembly via an oil line connector and pipeline. The hydraulic drive assembly is connected to the side wall of the outer cylinder via a fixing bracket.

[0014] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, both the upper and lower mounting holes are coaxially aligned with the piston rod. The hydraulic push rod includes a lower push rod with a plunger fitted in the lower mounting hole and an upper push rod with a plunger fitted in the upper mounting hole or the inner hole of the oil circuit connector. The lower end of the upper push rod extends into the lower mounting hole and abuts against the upper end of the lower push rod, while the lower end of the lower push rod abuts against the upper end of the throttle rod.

[0015] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, the hydraulic drive assembly includes an adjusting oil cylinder, a hydraulic piston fitted with a plunger inside the adjusting oil cylinder, the drive end of the hydraulic piston threadedly engaging with the adjusting oil cylinder and fitted with a hydraulic adjusting cap, the hydraulic end of the hydraulic piston and the adjusting oil cylinder forming a hydraulic chamber, and the hydraulic chamber communicating with the adjusting chamber through a pipe.

[0016] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, an oil replenishment hole is provided on the adjusting oil cylinder located in the hydraulic chamber. A plug capable of sealing the oil replenishment hole is provided inside the oil replenishment hole, and a sealing screw is threadedly connected to the outer port of the oil replenishment hole.

[0017] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, the pneumatic drive assembly includes a pneumatic adjustment end cover fitted at the corresponding port of the damping adjustment cylinder. The pneumatic adjustment end cover is movably connected to an adjustment main shaft along its axis. The inner end of the adjustment main shaft abuts against the corresponding end face of the pneumatic piston, and the outer end is connected to the power source for transmission.

[0018] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, the adjusting main shaft includes an adjusting shaft rotatably fitted on the air pressure adjusting end cover. An air pressure adjusting cap is fitted on the outer end of the adjusting shaft. The inner end of the adjusting shaft and the outer end of the adjusting push rod rotate synchronously in the circumference and slide relative to each other in the axial direction. The adjusting push rod is threadedly fitted with the air pressure adjusting end cover. The inner end of the adjusting push rod abuts against the corresponding end face of the air pressure piston. The rotation of the adjusting shaft drives the adjusting push rod to rotate and move axially.

[0019] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, the outer end of the adjusting push rod has a linear linkage groove, and the inner end of the adjusting shaft is a linear structure that can be axially inserted into the linear linkage groove.

[0020] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, an air supply hole communicating with the air pressure chamber is provided on the axis of the air pressure piston. A one-way valve block is provided at the inner port of the air supply hole. The one-way valve block can block the air supply hole under the action of air pressure in the air pressure chamber. A sealing screw is threadedly connected to the outer port of the air supply hole, and an air supply sealing ring is provided between the sealing screw and the air supply hole.

[0021] In the aforementioned damping adjustable shock absorber, the sleeve assembly has a hydraulic cylinder fixed to the regulating valve body, an inner cylinder sleeved on the outside of the hydraulic cylinder, an outer cylinder slidably fitted on the inner cylinder, an upper damping spring between the outer cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder or the inner cylinder, and a lower damping spring between the lower end of the piston rod and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. Two damping channels are provided, with the first damping channel formed by the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and the regulating valve body, and the second damping channel formed by the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder. A mating channel connecting the first damping channel and the second damping channel is formed between the piston rod and the hydraulic cylinder. A one-way valve plate fitted on the piston rod is provided within the mating channel. The regulating valve body has two regulating valve assemblies respectively connecting the first damping channel and the hydraulic chamber, and connecting the second damping channel and the hydraulic chamber.

[0022] The outstanding advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0023] This invention is equipped with a hydraulic damping adjustment device and a pneumatic damping adjustment device. The hydraulic damping adjustment device uses hydraulic force to drive the throttle rod to move axially, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the throttle channel, which effectively solves the problem of damping oil leakage in the prior art. The pneumatic damping adjustment device directly changes the air pressure compression of the air chamber by the axial movement of the air pressure piston, without the need to charge or vent the air chamber. It is simple, quick and efficient to operate. Attached image description:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall shock absorber of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is an overall sectional view of the shock absorber of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the hydraulic drive assembly of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the air pressure damping adjustment device of the present invention mounted on a shock absorber;

[0028] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the air pressure damping adjustment device of the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Control valve body; 2. Damping regulating cylinder; 3. Damping piston; 4. Pneumatic chamber; 5. Hydraulic chamber; 6. Piston rod; 7. Hydraulic cylinder; 8. Piston valve body; 9. Upper oil chamber; 10. Lower oil chamber; 11. Throttling channel; 12. Throttling rod; 13. Preload spring; 14. Hydraulic regulating end cap; 15. Regulating chamber; 16. Hydraulic push rod; 17. Pneumatic piston; 18. Outer cylinder; 19. Oil circuit connector; 20. Fixing bracket; 21. Lower push rod; 22. Upper push rod; 23. Regulating oil cylinder; 24. Hydraulic piston; 25. Hydraulic regulating cap; 26. Hydraulic chamber; 27. Fastening screw; 28. Positioning ball; 29. ​​Compression spring. 30. Positioning groove one; 31. Oil filling through hole; 32. Plug; 33. Plug screw; 34. Throttling sleeve; 35. Air pressure regulating end cover; 36. Adjusting spindle body; 37. Adjusting shaft; 38. Air pressure regulating cap; 39. Adjusting push rod; 40. Fastening screw two; 41. Positioning steel ball two; 42. Compression spring two; 43. Positioning groove two; 44. One-way linkage groove; 45. Assembly sealing ring; 46. Air filling through hole; 47. One-way valve block; 48. Sealing screw; 49. Air filling sealing ring; 50. Limiting snap ring; 51. Inner cylinder; 52. Upper damping spring; 53. Lower damping spring; 54. One-way valve plate; 55. Regulating valve assembly. Detailed implementation method:

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. See also: Figure 1 —5:

[0031] An adjustable damping shock absorber includes an adjusting valve body 1, a sleeve assembly and a damping airbag assembly mounted on the adjusting valve body 1. The damping airbag assembly includes a damping adjusting cylinder 2 and a damping piston 3 with a plunger inside the damping adjusting cylinder 2. The damping piston 3 divides the inner cavity of the damping adjusting cylinder 2 into a pneumatic chamber 4 and a hydraulic chamber 5. The damping flow channel in the sleeve assembly is connected to the hydraulic chamber 5 through the adjusting valve body 1. The lower end of the piston rod 6 slides inside the hydraulic cylinder 7 of the sleeve assembly and is fitted with a piston valve body 8. The piston valve body 8 divides the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 7 into an upper oil chamber 9 and a lower oil chamber 1. The lower oil chamber 10 has a piston rod 6 with a throttling channel 11 connecting the upper oil chamber 9 and the lower oil chamber 10. A throttling rod 12 slides axially at the center hole of the piston rod 6. A preload spring 13 is provided between the throttling rod 12 and the throttling channel 11. The piston valve body 8, as an existing structure, has two one-way channels with opposite directions and valve plates covering and fitting at the corresponding ports of the one-way channels. When the piston rod 6 drives the piston valve body 8 to move axially along the hydraulic cylinder 7, a small portion of the damping oil in the upper oil chamber 9 or the lower oil chamber 10 can push open the valve plates through the corresponding one-way channels and enter the lower oil chamber 10 or the upper oil chamber 9.

[0032] The shock absorber body has a hydraulic damping adjustment device and a pneumatic damping adjustment device.

[0033] The hydraulic damping adjustment device includes a hydraulic adjustment end cap 14 located at the upper end of the piston rod 6. The hydraulic adjustment end cap 14 has an adjustment chamber 15 that allows fluid flow to the hydraulic drive assembly. The adjustment chamber 15 is connected to the upper end of the throttle rod 12 via a hydraulic push rod 16, which is fitted with a plunger on the hydraulic adjustment end cap 14. The hydraulic drive assembly controls the hydraulic pressure in the adjustment chamber 15 to drive the throttle rod 12 to move axially. The elastic force of the preload spring 13 and the hydraulic force within the adjustment chamber 15 enable the throttle rod 12 to move stably axially on the piston rod 6. The plunger fit of the hydraulic push rod 16 not only hydraulically drives the throttle rod 12 axially but also effectively blocks the damping oil in the hydraulic cylinder 7, resulting in good sealing.

[0034] The pneumatic damping adjustment device includes a pneumatic piston 17 with a plunger fitted inside the damping adjustment cylinder 2. The pneumatic piston 17 and the damping piston 3 form the pneumatic chamber 4. A pneumatic drive assembly is connected to the corresponding end of the damping adjustment cylinder 2. The pneumatic drive assembly drives the pneumatic piston 17 to move axially to adjust the amount of air compression in the pneumatic chamber 4.

[0035] The present invention has an ingenious overall design structure, stable and reliable adjustment, and can be equipped with a hydraulic damping adjustment device and a pneumatic damping adjustment device. The hydraulic damping adjustment device uses hydraulic means to drive the throttle rod 12 to move axially, thereby adjusting the flow area of ​​the throttle channel 11 and realizing the adjustment of the damping force of the damping oil flow. This not only avoids the problems of time-consuming, labor-intensive and low adjustment efficiency caused by mechanical transmission and adjustment, but also effectively solves the problem of damping oil leakage in the prior art.

[0036] The air pressure damping adjustment device uses the air pressure drive component to drive the air pressure piston 17 to move axially relative to the damping piston 3, so as to directly change the air pressure compression of the air pressure chamber 4, thereby effectively adjusting the damping and shock absorption effect of the shock absorber. Compared with the existing technology, there is no need to charge and deflate the air pressure chamber 4, which is simple, quick and efficient.

[0037] The shock absorber is a dual-cavity shock absorber, meaning the sleeve assembly includes an outer cylinder 18 whose lower port is fitted onto the hydraulic cylinder 7. Correspondingly, the hydraulic adjustment end cap 14 and the hydraulic drive assembly have the following specific mating structure on the sleeve assembly: the hydraulic adjustment end cap 14 is fixed at the upper port of the outer cylinder 18. The lower end of the hydraulic adjustment end cap 14 has a lower mounting hole for fixing the upper end of the piston rod 6, and the upper end has an upper mounting hole communicating with the lower mounting hole. The upper mounting hole allows fluid flow to the hydraulic drive assembly through an oil line connector 19 and a pipeline. The hydraulic drive assembly is connected to the side wall of the outer cylinder 18 via a fixing bracket 20. Alternatively, the hydraulic drive assembly can be directly fixed to the hydraulic adjustment end cap 14.

[0038] In this embodiment, both the upper and lower mounting holes are aligned with the piston rod 6 along the same axis. Furthermore, to ensure the sealing of the damping oil within the shock absorber, the hydraulic push rod 16 is divided into two separate structures, each with a plunger at a different position. Specifically, the hydraulic push rod 16 includes a lower push rod 21 with a plunger fitted into the lower mounting hole, and an upper push rod 22 with a plunger fitted into the upper mounting hole or the inner hole of the oil line connector 19. The lower end of the upper push rod 22 extends into the lower mounting hole and abuts against the upper end of the lower push rod 21, while the lower end of the lower push rod 21 abuts against the upper end of the throttle rod 12. Thus, even if the plunger sealing of the lower push rod 21 fails, it can still ensure that the damping oil does not leak, and the adjusting chamber 15 can still reliably and stably push the upper push rod 22, the lower push rod 21, and the throttle rod 12 axially.

[0039] Furthermore, the hydraulic drive assembly can be a hydraulic power device such as a power cylinder. In this embodiment, to effectively control costs, the hydraulic drive assembly includes an adjusting cylinder 23, within which a hydraulic piston 24 is fitted with a plunger. The driving end of the hydraulic piston 24 is threaded into the adjusting cylinder 23 and fitted with a hydraulic adjusting cap 25. The hydraulic end of the hydraulic piston 24 and the adjusting cylinder 23 form a hydraulic chamber 26, which is connected to the adjusting chamber 15 via a pipe. That is, the hydraulic piston 24 is moved axially within the adjusting cylinder 23 by manually turning the hydraulic adjusting cap 25. Alternatively, the movement of the hydraulic piston 24 can also be achieved using a common electrically controlled telescopic power source.

[0040] Furthermore, the fixed connection structure between the hydraulic adjusting cap 25 and the hydraulic piston 24 is as follows: the tail end of the fastening screw 27 passes through the hydraulic adjusting cap 25 and is screwed onto the drive end of the hydraulic piston 24.

[0041] To facilitate rotational adjustment by the operator, the drive end of the hydraulic piston 24 is axially slidably fitted onto the adjusting cylinder 23 via a bushing. A radial through-hole is formed on the diameter of the drive end of the hydraulic piston 24. Positioning steel balls 28 are placed at both ends of the radial through-hole. Compression springs 29, with their two ends abutting against the corresponding positioning steel balls 28, are installed inside the radial through-hole. An even number of positioning grooves 30 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 23, allowing partial entry of the positioning steel balls 28. This design and fit between the positioning grooves 30 and the positioning steel balls 28 creates multiple adjustment positions during the rotation of the hydraulic piston 24. Specifically, during rotation, the positioning steel balls 28 can separate from the previous positioning groove 30 and enter the next positioning groove 30, simultaneously providing feedback force to the operator to indicate that the next adjustment position has been entered.

[0042] Furthermore, in order to replenish the hydraulic chamber 26 and the regulating chamber 15 with oil, an oil replenishment through hole 31 is provided on the regulating oil cylinder 23 located in the hydraulic chamber 26. A plug 32 capable of sealing the oil replenishment through hole 31 is provided inside the oil replenishment through hole 31, and a sealing screw 33 is threadedly connected to the outer port of the oil replenishment through hole 31.

[0043] Furthermore, the specific structure of the lower end of the piston rod 6 inside the hydraulic cylinder 7 is as follows: a throttling sleeve 34 is fitted onto the lower end of the piston rod 6, and the piston valve body 8 and the throttling channel 11 are both mounted on the throttling sleeve 34.

[0044] Meanwhile, the pneumatic drive assembly can directly drive the axial movement of the pneumatic piston 17 by adding hydraulic or pneumatic pressure from the outside. In this embodiment, the pneumatic drive assembly is driven mechanically: the pneumatic drive assembly includes a pneumatic adjustment end cover 35 fitted at the corresponding port of the damping adjustment cylinder 2. The pneumatic adjustment end cover 35 is movably connected to an adjustment main shaft 36 along its axis. The inner end of the adjustment main shaft 36 abuts against the corresponding end face of the pneumatic piston 17, and the outer end is connected to the power source for transmission.

[0045] Furthermore, the adjusting spindle 36 can be a one-piece structure, driving the pneumatic piston 17 to move axially. In this embodiment, the adjusting spindle 36 includes an adjusting shaft 37 rotatably fitted on the pneumatic adjusting end cover 35. The power source is a relatively direct manual drive; that is, the outer end of the adjusting shaft 37 is fitted with a pneumatic adjusting cap 38, the inner end of the adjusting shaft 37 and the outer end of the adjusting push rod 39 rotate synchronously circumferentially and slide relative to each other axially, the adjusting push rod 39 is threadedly fitted with the pneumatic adjusting end cover 35, and the inner end of the adjusting push rod 39 abuts against the corresponding end face of the pneumatic piston 17. Thus, the rotation of the adjusting shaft 37 drives the adjusting push rod 39 to rotate and move axially. Of course, the power source can also be a servo motor for electronic control. However, in this embodiment, to reasonably control costs and considering the low frequency of changes in the damping effect of the shock absorber in practical applications, the method of manually turning the pneumatic adjusting cap 38 is adopted. Furthermore, the fixed connection structure between the air pressure regulating cap 38 and the regulating shaft 37 is as follows: the tail end of the fastening screw 40 passes through the air pressure regulating cap 38 and is screwed onto the outer end of the regulating shaft 37.

[0046] To facilitate rotational adjustment by the operator, the adjusting shaft 37 is rotatably fitted onto the central through-hole of the air pressure regulating end cover 35 via a bushing or bearing. A radial through-hole 2 is formed on the diameter of the adjusting shaft 37, with positioning steel balls 41 placed at both ends of the radial through-hole 2. A compression spring 42, with its two ends respectively abutting against the corresponding positioning steel ball 41, is installed inside the radial through-hole 2. An even number of positioning grooves 43 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the sidewall of the central through-hole of the air pressure regulating end cover 35, allowing partial entry of the positioning steel balls 41. The design and fit between the positioning grooves 43 and the positioning steel balls 41 allows the adjusting shaft 37 to form multiple adjustment positions during rotation. Specifically, during rotation, the positioning steel balls 41 can separate from the previous positioning groove 43 and enter the next positioning groove 43, simultaneously providing feedback force to the operator to indicate that the next adjustment position has been entered.

[0047] Furthermore, in order to enable the adjusting push rod 39 to rotate synchronously with the adjusting shaft 37 and move axially relative to it, the outer end of the adjusting push rod 39 is provided with a straight linkage groove 44, and the inner end of the adjusting shaft 37 is a straight structure that can be axially inserted into the straight linkage groove 44.

[0048] Meanwhile, in order to prevent external gas and liquid from entering the damping adjustment cylinder 2 and affecting the normal damping and shock absorption of the damping adjustment cylinder 2, the air pressure adjustment end cap 35 is threadedly connected to the corresponding port of the damping adjustment cylinder 2, and an assembly sealing ring 45 is provided between the air pressure adjustment end cap 35 and the damping adjustment cylinder 2.

[0049] In order to replenish the inert gas in the pneumatic chamber 4, a replenishment through-hole 46 communicating with the pneumatic chamber 4 is provided on the axis of the pneumatic piston 17. A one-way valve block 47 is provided at the inner port of the replenishment through-hole 46. The one-way valve block 47 can block the replenishment through-hole 46 under the action of the pneumatic pressure in the pneumatic chamber 4. Correspondingly, during the replenishment operation, the high-pressure gas from the external gas source can push the one-way valve block 47 to open the replenishment through-hole 46. The outer port of the replenishment through-hole 46 is connected to a sealing screw 48 by a thread, and a replenishment sealing ring 49 is provided between the sealing screw 48 and the replenishment through-hole 46. Furthermore, in this embodiment, in order to avoid the adjusting push rod 39 from causing wear to the pneumatic piston 17, the inner end of the adjusting push rod 39 abuts against the top surface of the nut of the sealing screw 48 axially.

[0050] Furthermore, a limiting ring groove is formed on the inner wall of the damping adjustment cylinder 2 located outside the pneumatic piston 17, and a limiting snap ring 50 for axially limiting the pneumatic piston 17 is sleeved on the limiting ring groove.

[0051] Furthermore, since the shock absorber in this solution is a dual-cavity shock absorber, its specific structure is as follows: the sleeve assembly has a hydraulic cylinder 7 fixed on the regulating valve body 1, an inner cylinder 51 sleeved on the outside of the hydraulic cylinder 7, an outer cylinder 18 slidably sleeved on the inner cylinder 51, an upper damping spring 52 is provided between the outer cylinder 18 and the hydraulic cylinder 7 or the inner cylinder 51, a lower damping spring 53 is provided between the lower end of the piston rod 6 and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 7, and two damping channels are provided. The first damping channel is formed by the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 7 and the regulating valve body 1, and the second damping channel is formed by the inner cylinder 51 and the outer cylinder 18 and the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder 7. A matching channel is formed between the piston rod 6 and the hydraulic cylinder 7 to connect the first damping channel and the second damping channel. A one-way valve plate 54 is provided in the matching channel and sleeved on the piston rod 6. The one-way valve plate 54 can be pushed open when the hydraulic pressure in the second damping channel increases, thereby realizing the conduction of the matching channel. The regulating valve body 1 has two regulating valve assemblies 55, which are respectively connected to the first damping flow channel and the oil pressure chamber 5, and the second damping flow channel and the oil pressure chamber 5.

[0052] The above embodiments are merely one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape, structure and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A damping adjustable shock absorber, the shock absorber body having an adjusting valve body (1), and a sleeve assembly and a damping airbag assembly disposed on the adjusting valve body (1), the damping airbag assembly having a damping adjusting cylinder (2), and a damping piston (3) with a plunger inside the damping adjusting cylinder (2), the damping piston (3) dividing the inner cavity of the damping adjusting cylinder (2) into a pneumatic chamber (4) and a hydraulic chamber (5), the damping flow channel in the sleeve assembly being connected to the hydraulic chamber (5) through the adjusting valve body (1), the damping airbag assembly being connected to ... The lower end of the piston rod (6) slides inside the hydraulic cylinder (7) of the sleeve assembly and is fitted with a piston valve body (8). The piston valve body (8) divides the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (7) into an upper oil chamber (9) and a lower oil chamber (10). The piston rod (6) has a throttling channel (11) connecting the upper oil chamber (9) and the lower oil chamber (10). A throttling rod (12) slides axially at the center hole of the piston rod (6). A preload spring (13) is provided between the throttling rod (12) and the throttling channel (11). The characteristic is that: The shock absorber body has a hydraulic damping adjustment device and a pneumatic damping adjustment device. The hydraulic damping adjustment device includes a hydraulic adjustment end cap (14) provided at the upper end of the piston rod (6). The hydraulic adjustment end cap (14) is provided with an adjustment chamber (15) that flows with the liquid of the hydraulic drive assembly. The adjustment chamber (15) and the upper end of the throttle rod (12) are connected by a hydraulic push rod (16) that is fitted with a plunger on the hydraulic adjustment end cap (14). The hydraulic pressure of the adjustment chamber (15) is controlled by the hydraulic drive assembly to drive the throttle rod (12) to move axially. The hydraulic drive assembly includes an adjusting cylinder (23), a hydraulic piston (24) is fitted inside the adjusting cylinder (23) with a plunger, the driving end of the hydraulic piston (24) is threadedly fitted with the adjusting cylinder (23) and fitted with a hydraulic adjusting cap (25), the hydraulic end of the hydraulic piston (24) and the adjusting cylinder (23) form a hydraulic chamber (26), and the hydraulic chamber (26) is connected to the adjusting chamber (15) through a pipe; An oil replenishment hole (31) is provided on the regulating oil cylinder (23) located in the hydraulic chamber (26). A plug (32) capable of sealing the oil replenishment hole (31) is provided in the oil replenishment hole (31), and a plug screw (33) is threadedly connected to the outer port of the oil replenishment hole (31). The sleeve assembly includes an outer cylinder (18) with its lower end sleeved on the hydraulic cylinder (7). The hydraulic adjustment end cap (14) is fixed at the upper end of the outer cylinder (18). The lower end of the hydraulic adjustment end cap (14) is provided with a lower assembly hole for fixing the upper end of the piston rod (6), and the upper end is provided with an upper assembly hole communicating with the lower assembly hole. The upper assembly hole is connected to the hydraulic drive assembly via an oil circuit connector (19) and a pipeline. The hydraulic drive assembly is connected to the side wall of the outer cylinder (18) via a fixing bracket (20). The hydraulic push rod (16) includes a lower push rod (21) with a plunger fitted on the lower assembly hole, and an upper push rod (22) with a plunger fitted on the upper assembly hole or the inner hole of the oil circuit connector (19). The lower end of the upper push rod (22) extends into the lower assembly hole and abuts against the upper end of the lower push rod (21), and the lower end of the lower push rod (21) abuts against the upper end of the throttle rod (12). The pneumatic damping adjustment device includes a pneumatic piston (17) with a plunger fitted inside the damping adjustment cylinder (2). The pneumatic piston (17) and the damping piston (3) form the pneumatic chamber (4). A pneumatic drive assembly is connected to the corresponding end of the damping adjustment cylinder (2). The pneumatic drive assembly drives the pneumatic piston (17) to move axially to adjust the amount of air compression in the pneumatic chamber (4). The pneumatic drive assembly includes a pneumatic adjustment end cap (35) fitted at the corresponding port of the damping adjustment cylinder (2). The pneumatic adjustment end cap (35) is movably connected to an adjustment main shaft (36) along its axis. The inner end of the adjustment main shaft (36) abuts against the corresponding end face of the pneumatic piston (17), and the outer end is connected to the power source for transmission. The main adjusting shaft (36) includes an adjusting shaft (37) rotatably fitted on the air pressure adjusting end cover (35). The outer end of the adjusting shaft (37) is fitted with an air pressure adjusting cap (38). The inner end of the adjusting shaft (37) and the outer end of the adjusting push rod (39) rotate synchronously in the circumference and slide relative to each other in the axial direction. The adjusting push rod (39) is threadedly fitted with the air pressure adjusting end cover (35). The inner end of the adjusting push rod (39) abuts against the corresponding end face of the air pressure piston (17). The adjusting shaft (37) rotates, driving the adjusting push rod (39) to rotate and move axially. The outer end of the adjusting push rod (39) is provided with a straight linkage groove (44), and the inner end of the adjusting shaft (37) is a straight structure that can be axially inserted into the straight linkage groove (44). The pneumatic piston (17) has an air supply hole (46) connected to the pneumatic chamber (4) on its axis. A one-way valve block (47) is provided at the inner port of the air supply hole (46). The one-way valve block (47) can block the air supply hole (46) under the action of the air pressure in the pneumatic chamber (4). A sealing screw (48) is connected to the outer port of the air supply hole (46) by a thread. An air supply sealing ring (49) is provided between the sealing screw (48) and the air supply hole (46).

2. The damping adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the upper and lower assembly holes are set on the same axis as the piston rod (6).

3. The damping adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic piston (24) has a radial through hole at its drive end. A positioning steel ball (28) is placed at both ends of the radial through hole. A compression spring (29) is provided inside the radial through hole, with its two ends abutting against the corresponding positioning steel ball (28). The inner wall of the adjusting cylinder (23) is circumferentially distributed with multiple positioning grooves (30) that allow the positioning steel ball (28) to partially enter.

4. The damping adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting shaft (37) has a radial through hole 2. Positioning steel balls 2 (41) are placed at both ends of the radial through hole 2. Compression springs 2 (42) are provided inside the radial through hole 2, with their two ends respectively abutting against the corresponding positioning steel balls 2 (41). The side wall of the central through hole of the air pressure regulating end cover (35) has multiple positioning grooves 2 (43) that allow the positioning steel balls 2 (41) to partially enter.

5. A damping-adjustable shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve assembly has a hydraulic cylinder (7) fixed on the regulating valve body (1), an inner cylinder (51) sleeved on the outside of the hydraulic cylinder (7), an outer cylinder (18) slidably fitted on the inner cylinder (51), an upper damping spring (52) provided between the outer cylinder (18) and the hydraulic cylinder (7) or the inner cylinder (51), and a lower damping spring (53) provided between the lower end of the piston rod (6) and the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (7). Two damping channels are provided, and the first damping channel is formed by the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder (7) and the regulating valve body (1). The second damping flow channel is formed between the inner cylinder (51) and the outer cylinder (18) and the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder (7). A matching channel connecting the first damping flow channel and the second damping flow channel is formed between the piston rod (6) and the hydraulic cylinder (7). A one-way valve plate (54) is provided in the matching channel and is fitted on the piston rod (6). The regulating valve body (1) has two regulating valve assemblies (55) that respectively connect the first damping flow channel and the oil pressure chamber (5) and connect the second damping flow channel and the oil pressure chamber (5).

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