SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod and integrated preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural parts, and particularly relates to a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod and an integrated preparation method thereof. The composite material piston rod structural part is composed of a lug piece part provided with a lug piece through hole and a hollow cylinder part, and SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layers are arranged at the position, bypassing the lug piece through hole, of the lug piece part and in a cylinder interlayer of the cylinder part. The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layer of the lug part bypasses the position of the lug through hole and is arranged in a U shape, and the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layer of the cylinder part is distributed in the axial direction of the cylinder part. A combined mold form of one metal inner mold and two metal outer molds is adopted, a compact composite material piston rod structural part blank is obtained through vacuum electron beam welding and hot isostatic pressing integrated preparation subsequently, and finally the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material piston rod is obtained through machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material structural parts, and particularly relates to a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material piston rod and an integrated preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The metal matrix composite material prepared by introducing continuous SiC fiber as the reinforcement phase has low density, high specific strength, high specific stiffness, excellent high temperature resistance and creep resistance, and fatigue resistance. It has a clear application prospect in the aerospace industry and is often used in the design and manufacture of various lightweight and high-strength core structural parts such as engine integral blade rings, turbine shafts, tensile connecting rods, piston rods and skins.

[0003] The preparation method of SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite structural parts mainly adopts the pioneer wire method + hot isostatic pressing + machining forming process. Among them, the preform prepared by the pioneer wire method has the characteristics of adjustable fiber volume fraction, unrestricted alloy matrix composition and precise control of arrangement position, which is suitable for application in complex and special-shaped components. Since the piston rod designed and prepared by the present invention has a hollow and hole structure, the load distribution of each part has anisotropic characteristics, and the use of SiC fiber needs to meet differentiated reinforcement distribution. The mold structure is the key to determining the precise arrangement and uniformity of the pioneer wire. Therefore, the integrated preparation of SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rods through reasonable mold structure design is of great significance for the lightweight structural design of high-performance aerospace vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod and an integrated preparation method thereof. The composite piston rod structural component processed by the present invention has high coaxiality between the internal reinforcement core and the outer sleeve, and high fiber arrangement uniformity, and can achieve differentiated and uniform selective reinforcement distribution of fibers in piston rod structural components with hollow and hole structures.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod, wherein the composite piston rod structural component consists of an ear portion with an ear through hole and a hollow cylinder portion, wherein the connecting portion between the ear portion and the cylinder portion is provided with a hollow fine hole, and SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layers are provided in the ear portion bypassing the ear through hole and in the cylinder interlayer of the cylinder portion; the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layer of the ear portion bypassing the ear through hole is arranged in a U shape, and the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layer of the cylinder portion is distributed along the axial direction of the cylinder portion.

[0007] The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod is a continuous monofilament SiC fiber, which is prepared by chemical vapor deposition with a W core as a deposition substrate, has a fiber diameter ranging from 80 to 150 μm, and a tensile strength ranging from 3000 to 4000 MPa.

[0008] The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod has a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layer in the cylindrical part with equal thickness of the metal matrix inner wall and the metal matrix outer wall along the radial direction, no SiC fibers are exposed on the surface, and the SiC fibers between the layers are closely arranged, with the number of layers being 4 to 30.

[0009] The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material piston rod has a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer thickness of 1 to 5 mm and a cylindrical part wall thickness range of 2 to 10 mm.

[0010] In the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod and the composite piston rod structure, except for the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layer, the other parts of the ear part and the cylinder part are metal matrix, and the metal matrix is ​​aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or titanium aluminum alloy.

[0011] The integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod, the composite piston rod structural part adopts a combined mold form of a metal inner mold and two metal outer molds, and then a dense composite piston rod structural part blank is prepared by vacuum electron beam welding + hot isostatic pressing integration, and finally a composite piston rod structural part consisting of an ear piece part with an ear piece through hole and a hollow cylinder part is obtained by mechanical processing.

[0012] The integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod comprises the following steps:

[0013] (1) Design and process the composite piston rod structural component mold: The composite piston rod structural component mold includes a metal inner mold and two metal outer molds. The metal inner and outer molds are well matched and a reserved gap is formed after assembly to arrange the composite precursor wire prefabricated belt;

[0014] (2) preparing composite precursor yarns: depositing a metal coating on the surface of SiC fibers by physical vapor deposition to obtain continuous length composite precursor yarns, wherein the diameter of the precursor yarns ranges from 100 to 160 μm and the volume fraction of SiC fibers ranges from 40 to 80%;

[0015] (3) preparing a composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape: winding and arranging the composite material precursor wire on a roller, and bonding the composite material precursor wire by coating an organic adhesive to form a composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape;

[0016] (4) Assembling the composite piston rod structural component mold: cutting the composite precursor wire prefabricated tape according to the size of the reserved gap between the inner and outer metal molds, pasting and matching it on the outer surface of the inner metal mold, so that the composite precursor wire prefabricated tape is closely arranged and placed in the reserved gap between the inner and outer metal molds, and the precursor wires are bonded and fixed with organic glue;

[0017] (5) Heat treatment of composite piston rod structural component mold: vacuum heat treatment is performed on the assembled composite piston rod structural component mold to remove the organic glue used for surface bonding and interlayer fixation of the composite precursor wire prefabricated belt;

[0018] (6) Electron beam welding and sealing of composite piston rod structural parts: After the heat treatment of the composite piston rod structural part mold is completed, vacuum electron beam welding is used to seal the connection between the metal inner and outer molds and the metal outer mold to form a composite piston rod structural part preform;

[0019] (7) Integrated preparation of composite piston rod structural parts: hot isostatic pressing of the composite piston rod structural part preform to obtain a densified composite piston rod structural part blank;

[0020] (8) Machining composite piston rod structural parts: Determine the machining process according to the target size of the composite piston rod structural parts, and use turning or milling to remove excess metal matrix to obtain the composite piston rod structural parts.

[0021] In the integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod, in step (4), the mold assembly sequence is as follows: metal outer molds are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the metal inner mold, and the metal inner mold with the composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape is assembled with the two metal outer molds, and the metal mold assembly is completed.

[0022] In the integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod, during the vacuum heat treatment process in step (5), the temperature range is 200 to 400° C., and the heating time range is 1 to 3 hours.

[0023] In the integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod, in step (6), the hot isostatic pressing temperature ranges from 400 to 1200° C., the hot isostatic pressing pressure ranges from 90 to 160 MPa, and the hot isostatic pressing time ranges from 1 to 3 hours.

[0024] The design concept of the present invention is:

[0025] The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod of the present invention adopts an integrated preparation scheme, and a position for laying the precursor wire is reserved in the metal inner and outer molds. The coaxiality and roundness of the component can be effectively guaranteed by the combined mold design of the metal inner and outer molds, so as to obtain a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod with good roundness and high density. By utilizing the anisotropic characteristics of continuous SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite materials and adopting a U-shaped + fiber differentiated reinforcement arrangement around the cylinder, the axial mechanical properties of the composite piston rod can be effectively improved, and it has a significant weight reduction and lightweight effect. Precursor wires are obtained on the surface of SiC fibers by physical vapor deposition of metal matrix, and organic glue is applied to form a composite precursor wire prefabricated belt, and then the precursor wire prefabricated belt is gap-filled and layered, which can greatly avoid fiber breakage, interlacing and other phenomena, and the obtained component has uniform fiber distribution inside, high coaxiality of the fiber reinforced core and controllable fiber volume fraction.

[0026] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0027] 1. The present invention proposes a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod and an integrated preparation method thereof. The composite piston rod uses continuous monofilament SiC fiber as a reinforcement, which effectively improves the axial mechanical properties of the piston rod. The composite matrix includes but is not limited to lightweight alloy matrices such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and titanium-aluminum alloy, and has obvious weight reduction and lightweighting effects.

[0028] 2. The composite material component manufacturing concept of mold design, vacuum electron beam welding and hot isostatic pressing integrated preparation process proposed in the present invention has important reference significance in the preparation process of high-performance aerospace vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structural component proposed in the present invention; wherein (a) is a front view, (b) is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the axial direction of the ear piece part, and (c) is a cross-sectional view parallel to the axial direction of the ear piece part.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the mold of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structural component proposed in the present invention; wherein (a) is a metal inner mold diagram, and (b) is a metal outer mold diagram.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mold assembly process of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structural component proposed in the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4:(a) Actual picture of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structure proposed in the present invention; (b) Non-destructive testing diagram of the piston rod ear piece; (c) Picture of the piston rod bottom direction.

[0033] In the figure, 1 is the ear part (11 is the ear through hole, 12 is the hollow pore), 2 is the cylindrical part, 3 is the metal matrix, 4 is the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer (41 is the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer of the ear part, 42 is the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer of the cylindrical part), 5 is the metal inner mold, and 6 is the metal outer mold. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In the specific implementation process, the present invention proposes a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structure and its integrated preparation method. The composite piston rod structure is composed of an ear plate part with an ear plate through hole and a hollow cylinder part, the connecting part of the two parts has a hollow pore, and a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite layer is provided in the ear plate part and the cylinder part. The composite piston rod structure is reinforced with continuous SiC fibers, and the SiC fibers are arranged in a U shape in the ear plate part around the ear plate through hole, and are arranged axially around the inner interlayer of the cylinder part. The integrated preparation method of a composite piston rod structural part comprises the steps of designing and processing a composite piston rod mold, preparing a composite precursor wire, preparing a composite precursor wire prefabricated belt, assembling a composite piston rod mold, heat treating the composite piston rod mold, electron beam welding and sealing the composite piston rod, integrated preparation of the composite piston rod, and mechanical processing of the composite piston rod. The composite piston rod structural part adopts a combined mold form of a metal inner mold and two metal outer molds, and subsequently a dense composite piston rod structural part blank is prepared by vacuum electron beam welding + hot isostatic pressing integration, and finally a composite piston rod structural part consisting of an ear plate part with an ear plate through hole and a hollow cylinder part is obtained by mechanical processing.

[0035] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structure; wherein the front view is as shown Figure 1As shown in (a), the composite piston rod structure is composed of an ear piece part 1 with an ear piece through hole 11 and a hollow cylindrical part 2. The connecting part of the ear piece part 1 and the cylindrical part 2 is provided with a hollow pore 12 (the diameter of the ear piece through hole 11 ranges from 40 to 100 mm, and the diameter of the hollow pore 12 ranges from 5 to 30 mm). The ear piece part 1 bypasses the ear piece through hole 11 and the cylindrical interlayer of the cylindrical part 2 is provided with a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer 4; the fiber laying position is as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown in (b) and 1(c), the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer 41 of the ear portion is arranged in a U shape around the ear through hole 11, and the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer 42 of the cylindrical portion is distributed along the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 2. The thickness of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer 4 is 1 to 5 mm. The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer 4 in the cylindrical portion 2 has the same thickness as the inner wall of the metal matrix 3 and the outer wall of the metal matrix 3 along the radial direction, and no SiC fibers are exposed on the surface and the SiC fibers are densely arranged between the layers. The wall thickness of the cylindrical portion 2 ranges from 2 to 10 mm. In the composite piston rod structural component, except for the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer 4, the other parts of the ear portion 1 and the cylindrical portion 2 are the metal matrix 3, and the metal matrix 3 includes but is not limited to aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or titanium-aluminum alloy. The SiC fiber is a continuous single-filament SiC fiber, which is prepared by chemical vapor deposition with a W core as a deposition substrate. The fiber diameter ranges from 80 to 150 μm, and the tensile strength ranges from 3000 to 4000 MPa.

[0038] The method for preparing the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structural component mainly comprises the following steps:

[0039] (1) Design and process composite piston rod structural parts mold: metal inner and outer molds must be processed first, such as Figure 2 As shown, the composite piston rod structural component mold includes a metal inner mold and two metal outer molds, and the metal inner and outer molds cooperate well, and after assembly, a cavity is formed to arrange the composite precursor wire prefabricated belt;

[0040] (2) Preparing composite precursor wires: depositing a metal coating on the surface of SiC fiber by physical vapor deposition (in this embodiment, the material of the metal coating is Ti55531 titanium alloy, to obtain a continuous length of composite precursor wire, the precursor wire diameter ranges from 100 to 160 μm (150 μm in this embodiment), and the SiC fiber volume fraction ranges from 40 to 80% (50% in this embodiment);

[0041] (3) Preparing a composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape: Winding the composite material precursor wire onto a roller with a certain diameter, and bonding the composite material precursor wire onto a roller by coating an organic glue (in this embodiment, the organic glue is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) to form a composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape;

[0042] (4) Assembling the composite piston rod structural component mold: cutting the composite precursor wire prefabricated tape according to the size of the reserved gap between the inner and outer metal molds, pasting and matching it on the outer surface of the inner metal mold, so that the composite precursor wire prefabricated tape can be arranged and placed in the reserved gap between the inner and outer metal molds, and the precursor wires are bonded and fixed with organic glue;

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the mold assembly sequence is as follows: metal outer molds 6 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the metal inner mold 5, the metal inner mold 5 with the composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape is assembled with the two metal outer molds 6, and the connection between the metal inner and outer molds and the metal outer mold is spot welded to control the shape of the composite material piston rod structure, and the mold assembly is completed;

[0044] (5) Heat treatment of composite piston rod structural component mold: vacuum heat treatment is performed on the assembled composite piston rod structural component mold to remove the organic glue used for surface bonding and interlayer fixation of the composite precursor wire prefabricated belt. The temperature range is 200-400° C. and the heating time range is 1-3 h (300° C. for 3 h in this embodiment);

[0045] (6) Electron beam welding and sealing of composite piston rod structural parts: After the heat treatment of the composite piston rod structural part mold is completed, vacuum electron beam welding is used to seal the connection between the metal inner and outer molds and the metal outer mold to form a composite piston rod structural part preform;

[0046] (7) Integrated preparation of composite piston rod structural parts: The composite piston rod structural part preform is subjected to hot isostatic pressing, the hot isostatic pressing temperature range is 400-1200° C., the hot isostatic pressing pressure range is 90-160 MPa, and the hot isostatic pressing time range is 1-3 h (in this embodiment, 800° C., 140 MPa pressure for 3 h), to obtain a densified composite piston rod structural part blank;

[0047] (8) Machining composite piston rod structural parts: The machining process is determined according to the target size of the composite piston rod structural parts, and the excess metal matrix is ​​removed by machining methods such as turning or milling to obtain the composite piston rod structural parts ( Figure 1 , Figure 4 ).

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, a physical picture of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structure proposed in the present invention; the upper part of the piston rod presents an ear portion with an ear through hole, and it can be seen from the non-destructive testing map (b) that the internal fibers are evenly arranged in a U shape; from the picture of the bottom direction of the piston rod (c), it can be seen that the lower part of the piston rod presents a hollow cylindrical part.

[0049] The results of the embodiments show that the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod structure proposed in the present invention effectively improves the axial mechanical properties of the piston rod structure, has obvious weight reduction effect, and has a clear application background in the application field of high-performance aerospace vehicles.

Claims

1. A SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod, characterized in that: The composite piston rod structural component consists of an ear portion with an ear through hole and a hollow cylindrical portion. The connecting portion between the ear portion and the cylindrical portion is provided with hollow fine holes. SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layers are provided in the ear portion bypassing the ear through hole and in the cylindrical interlayer of the cylindrical portion. The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer of the ear portion is arranged in a U shape bypassing the ear through hole, and the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer of the cylindrical portion is distributed along the axial direction of the cylindrical portion.

2. The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SiC fiber is a continuous single-filament SiC fiber, which is prepared by chemical vapor deposition with a W core as a deposition substrate. The fiber diameter ranges from 80 to 150 μm, and the tensile strength ranges from 3000 to 4000 MPa.

3. The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer in the cylindrical part has equal thickness of the inner wall and the outer wall of the metal matrix in the radial direction, no SiC fibers are exposed on the surface, and the SiC fibers between the layers are closely arranged, and the number of layers is 4 to 30.

4. The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer is 1 to 5 mm, and the wall thickness of the cylindrical part ranges from 2 to 10 mm.

5. The SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the composite piston rod structural component, except for the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite material layer, the other parts of the ear piece part and the cylinder part are metal matrix, and the metal matrix is ​​aluminum alloy, titanium alloy or titanium aluminum alloy.

6. An integrated preparation method for a SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The composite piston rod structural component adopts a combined mold form of a metal inner mold and two metal outer molds. Subsequently, a dense composite piston rod structural component blank is prepared by vacuum electron beam welding + hot isostatic pressing integration. Finally, a composite piston rod structural component consisting of an ear part with an ear hole and a hollow cylinder part is obtained by mechanical processing.

7. The integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Design and process the composite piston rod structural component mold: The composite piston rod structural component mold includes a metal inner mold and two metal outer molds. The metal inner and outer molds are well matched and a reserved gap is formed after assembly to arrange the composite precursor wire prefabricated belt; (2) preparing composite precursor yarns: depositing a metal coating on the surface of SiC fibers by physical vapor deposition to obtain continuous length composite precursor yarns, wherein the diameter of the precursor yarns ranges from 100 to 160 μm and the volume fraction of SiC fibers ranges from 40 to 80%; (3) preparing a composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape: winding and arranging the composite material precursor wire on a roller, and bonding the composite material precursor wire by coating an organic adhesive to form a composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape; (4) Assembling the composite piston rod structural component mold: cutting the composite precursor wire prefabricated tape according to the size of the reserved gap between the inner and outer metal molds, pasting and matching it on the outer surface of the inner metal mold, so that the composite precursor wire prefabricated tape is closely arranged and placed in the reserved gap between the inner and outer metal molds, and the precursor wires are bonded and fixed with organic glue; (5) Heat treatment of composite piston rod structural component mold: vacuum heat treatment is performed on the assembled composite piston rod structural component mold to remove the organic glue used for surface bonding and interlayer fixation of the composite precursor wire prefabricated belt; (6) Electron beam welding and sealing of composite piston rod structural parts: After the heat treatment of the composite piston rod structural part mold is completed, vacuum electron beam welding is used to seal the connection between the metal inner and outer molds and the metal outer mold to form a composite piston rod structural part preform; (7) Integrated preparation of composite piston rod structural parts: hot isostatic pressing of the composite piston rod structural part preform to obtain a densified composite piston rod structural part blank; (8) Machining composite piston rod structural parts: Determine the machining process according to the target size of the composite piston rod structural parts, and use turning or milling to remove excess metal matrix to obtain the composite piston rod structural parts.

8. The integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (4), the mold assembly sequence is as follows: metal outer molds are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the metal inner mold, and the metal inner mold with the composite material precursor wire prefabricated tape is assembled with the two metal outer molds, and the metal mold assembly is completed.

9. The integrated preparation method of the SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 7, characterized in that: During the vacuum heat treatment process of step (5), the temperature ranges from 200 to 400° C. and the heating time ranges from 1 to 3 hours.

10. The integrated preparation method of SiC fiber reinforced metal matrix composite piston rod according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step (6), the hot isostatic pressing temperature ranges from 400 to 1200° C., the hot isostatic pressing pressure ranges from 90 to 160 MPa, and the hot isostatic pressing time ranges from 1 to 3 hours.

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