Intensified combustion device with ignition function and sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure enhanced combustion device with an ignition function, and relates to the technical field of aero-engine combustion chambers, the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure enhanced combustion device comprises an inner shell, a first air inlet is formed in the inner shell, a first-stage swirler is arranged in the inner shell, and the inner shell serves as a grounding electrode for sliding arc discharge at the same time; the auxiliary oil way fuel nozzle communicates with the auxiliary oil way and is located in the wall body of the inner shell; the main oil way fuel nozzle is communicated with the main oil way and located on the end cover, and the end cover extends into the cavity of the inner shell; a second air inlet is formed in the outer shell, and a second-stage cyclone is arranged in the outer shell; and the spherical collision table serves as a high-voltage electrode and is embedded in the end cover. The change of the position of the spherical collision table enables atomization to be more flexible, the fuel oil atomization requirement under multiple working conditions is met, and it can be guaranteed that fuel oil is rapidly and efficiently atomized. The main oil way and the auxiliary oil way can meet different oil supply requirements of different working conditions, and stable thrust is provided for the engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aviation engine combustion chambers, and in particular to an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure and an ignition function. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of aviation technology, aircraft engines have put forward higher requirements for the ignition reliability and combustion efficiency of the combustion chamber to adapt to different working conditions. Therefore, the development trend of aircraft engines in the future will focus on improving stability, thrust-to-weight ratio, and reducing pollution emissions. To achieve this goal, exploring more stable, efficient and economical combustion technology has become a solution.

[0003] In response to the problems of poor fuel atomization effect and low combustion efficiency, the current combustion chamber head and nozzle generally adopt centrifugal, pneumatic atomization and other fuel atomization methods. Centrifugal atomization performs well in forming atomization cone angle, but has high requirements for oil pressure. Although pneumatic atomization can refine droplets and atomize high-viscosity liquids, its significant disadvantage is the large consumption of compressed air. Due to the harsh working environment of the combustion chamber head, the fuel atomization effect is often unsatisfactory. The large atomization particle size, small atomization cone angle and the demand for power during the atomization process have seriously restricted the development of aircraft engines.

[0004] For engines, the quality of atomization is directly related to ignition, combustion efficiency and flame stability. Atomization refers to the process of breaking liquid fuel into fine droplets through a nozzle, which is designed to ensure that the fuel can burn quickly and completely, making the combustion process more complete and reducing pollution emissions. Studies have shown that when fuel hits the wall, it breaks into fine droplets due to collision, which can effectively improve the level of fuel atomization. Therefore, collision atomization has gradually become an important means to improve the effect of fuel atomization.

[0005] When the fuel atomization reaches the ideal state, the ignition process in the engine becomes particularly important. With the deepening of research, plasma ignition technology has shown great potential to surpass traditional ignition methods. Plasma ignition forms a local high-temperature area through discharge and produces a large number of active particles to quickly ignite the combustible mixture. Compared with traditional ignition methods, plasma ignition has a wider range of areas and a shorter ignition delay time. Therefore, plasma technology has received widespread attention due to its great potential in improving ignition and combustion performance.

[0006] At present, the research and development of plasma ignition and combustion chamber heads have been relatively complete. The plasma excitation has greatly improved the fuel atomization level and combustion efficiency. Although the working environment of the combustion chamber is relatively harsh, the plasma combustion chamber head has greatly improved the atomization. The potential of plasma in solving atomization and ignition is still worthy of in-depth research.

[0007] The Chinese invention patent application with application number 201910062320.2 and name “Porous Atomized Plasma Fuel Nozzle” has the advantages of effectively broadening the ignition boundary, realizing multiple ignition and reuse functions, improving combustion efficiency and ignition reliability; the disadvantage is that it cannot maintain a good atomization level under large fuel flow conditions.

[0008] The application number is 201811577418.3, and the name is a Chinese invention patent application for a plasma-assisted atomization ignition nozzle for an aircraft engine combustion chamber. The advantages are that it can effectively reduce the ignition delay time of the engine combustion chamber, improve the fuel combustion efficiency, and meet the requirements of low pollutant emissions. The disadvantage is that the nozzle structure is relatively simple and the fuel cannot achieve a good atomization effect. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function, which can adjust the atomization cone angle and the atomization particle size to achieve good atomization under different working conditions.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present application is: an enhanced combustion device of a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with an ignition function, comprising:

[0011] An inner casing, on which a first air inlet is provided and a primary cyclone is provided inside, and the inner casing also serves as a grounding electrode for sliding arc discharge;

[0012] A secondary oil circuit fuel nozzle, which is connected to the secondary oil circuit and is located in the wall of the inner shell;

[0013] A main oil circuit fuel nozzle is connected to the main oil circuit and is located on the end cover, and the end cover extends into the cavity of the inner shell;

[0014] An outer shell is provided with a second air inlet and a secondary cyclone is provided inside thereof;

[0015] The spherical collision table, serving as a high-voltage electrode, is embedded in the end cap.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fuel enters the main oil circuit through the main oil circuit fuel inlet on the end cover, and is then sprayed out from the main oil circuit fuel nozzle to form a fuel spray; the fuel also enters the auxiliary oil circuit through the auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet on the inner shell, and is then sprayed out from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle.

[0017] As a preferred solution of the present invention, an oil storage cavity and an oil cavity passage are formed on the end cover, the oil storage cavity is connected with the main oil circuit through the oil cavity passage, and the spherical collision platform is installed in the oil storage cavity.

[0018] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the end cover is further provided with an installation cavity, an oil seal ring is provided between the installation cavity and the oil storage cavity, an elastic member is provided in the installation cavity, and the spherical collision platform is connected to the end cover via the elastic member.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is insufficient to stretch the spring, the spherical collision platform extends a short distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the fuel nozzle of the main oil circuit and hits the spherical collision platform, and the fuel is immediately broken into fine droplets after the collision.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the present invention, when the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is sufficient to stretch the spring, the spherical collision platform extends a long distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the main oil circuit fuel nozzle and impacts on the collision platform to achieve further atomization of the fuel.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air entering the first gas channel through the first air inlet generates a primary rotating airflow after flowing through the primary cyclone. The primary rotating airflow serves as a working carrier gas for sliding arc discharge and also provides aerodynamic force for the re-atomization of the oil mist. At the same time, the air entering the second gas channel through the second air inlet generates a secondary rotating airflow after flowing through the secondary cyclone. The secondary rotating airflow provides aerodynamic force for the atomization of the oil mist and also mixes with the oil mist to form an oil-gas mixture.

[0022] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the sliding arc is generated at the shortest distance between the spherical collision platform and the inner shell, and under the action of the primary swirl gas, it makes a circular motion along the central axis of the main oil path while also sliding toward the oil mist along the air flow direction.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the active particles generated during the sliding arc discharge come into contact with the fuel droplets, and the oil mist is vaporized due to the thermal effect of the sliding arc discharge and interacts with the generated active particles to produce intermediate products that are beneficial to combustion.

[0024] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the fuel nozzles of the auxiliary oil circuit are cross-spray holes, so that the fuels in different oil circuits collide when being sprayed out.

[0025] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, and can achieve the following technical effects:

[0026] 1. The collision atomization method can ensure that the fuel is broken into fine droplets quickly and efficiently, while the cross nozzle design can produce oil mist with a larger atomization cone angle and a smaller atomization particle size. Both methods can achieve excellent atomization effect for the fuel.

[0027] 2. The spherical collision table can adjust the angle between it and the main fuel nozzle according to the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber. In the face of different working conditions, the position of the spherical collision table can be adjusted to make it close to or away from the nozzle, thereby achieving the regulation of the atomization particle size and atomization cone angle.

[0028] 3. After the well-atomized oil mist is mixed with air, a uniform oil-gas mixture will be formed, which makes the oil mist easier to ignite. In addition, the active particles generated by the sliding arc discharge can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of the fuel and enhance the stability of the flame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an enhanced combustion device having a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with an ignition function;

[0031] Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the working of the enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function;

[0033] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the work for changing the position of the spherical collision platform;

[0034] Figure 5 A three-dimensional cross-sectional view of an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure having an ignition function;

[0035] Explanation of the serial numbers in the figure: 1. end cover; 2. first air inlet; 3. inner shell; 4. primary cyclone; 5. secondary cyclone; 6. outer shell; 7. auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle; 8. main oil circuit fuel nozzle; 9. second air inlet; 10. auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet; 11. main oil circuit fuel inlet; 12. elastic member; 13. oil chamber passage; 14. oil seal ring; 15. spherical collision table; 16. oil storage chamber; 17. first gas channel; 18. active particles; 19. sliding arc discharge area; 20. fuel atomization area; 21. second gas channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0037] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0038] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] When the engine is working at high altitude, due to the influence of air pressure and air temperature, the working environment of the plasma ignition and auxiliary atomization combustion chamber head is harsh, so there are the following problems: 1. There is still a lot of room for improvement in improving the level of fuel atomization, and it takes a long time for the fuel to achieve good atomization effect under normal conditions. 2. It is impossible to meet the regulation of the atomization cone angle and the atomization particle size according to different working conditions, and cannot meet the requirements of achieving good atomization under different working conditions. 3. The oxygen content of high-altitude air is low, resulting in a decrease in the ignition success rate, and poor combustion efficiency and stability. In order to solve the above problems, the present embodiment provides an enhanced combustion device with a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with an ignition function, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, including:

[0042] The inner shell can be made of metal material, and is provided with a first air inlet and a primary cyclone inside, which can generate a primary swirling airflow for the air entering through the first air inlet 2, further enhancing the atomization of the fuel, and the inner shell also serves as a grounding electrode for sliding arc discharge;

[0043] The auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle is connected to the auxiliary oil circuit and is located in the wall of the inner shell; the auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet 10 on the fuel inner shell 3 enters the auxiliary oil circuit and then sprays out from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle 7 to form a fuel spray;

[0044] The main oil circuit fuel nozzle is connected to the main oil circuit and is located on the end cover, and the end cover extends into the cavity of the inner shell; the fuel enters the main oil circuit from the main oil circuit fuel inlet 11 on the end cover 1, and then sprays out from the main oil circuit fuel nozzle 8 to form a fuel spray;

[0045] The outer shell has a fuel atomization area with a gradually expanding structure; the outer shell is provided with a second air inlet and a secondary cyclone is provided inside, so that the air entering through the second air inlet 9 can generate a secondary rotating airflow, thereby achieving the purpose of auxiliary atomization and forming an oil-air mixture with the oil mist;

[0046] The spherical collision table is connected to the power supply output terminal as a high-voltage electrode and is connected to the end cover 1 through an elastic member;

[0047] When the aircraft does not need a large thrust during cruising, the main oil circuit can supply fuel to the combustion chamber alone. When the aircraft needs a large thrust during climbing, acceleration, etc., the main and auxiliary oil circuits can jointly supply fuel to the combustion chamber to provide the thrust required by the engine.

[0048] As a preferred implementation provided by this embodiment, the end cover is provided with an installation cavity, an oil storage cavity, and an oil cavity passage 13. The oil storage cavity is connected to the main oil circuit through the oil cavity passage, and the spherical collision platform is installed in the oil storage cavity; an oil seal ring 14 is provided between the installation cavity and the oil storage cavity 16, and an elastic member 12 is provided in the installation cavity, and the spherical collision platform is connected to the end cover through the elastic member. It should be noted that a part of the fuel in the main oil circuit can enter the oil storage cavity 16 through the oil cavity passage 13, and the spring is in a natural state under normal circumstances. When the oil supply pressure is low, the oil pressure in the oil storage cavity 16 is not enough to stretch the spring, and the spherical collision platform 15 extends a short distance. The fuel in the main oil circuit is sprayed out through the main oil circuit fuel nozzle 8 and hits the spherical collision platform 15. The fuel is immediately broken into fine droplets after the collision, which enhances the atomization effect of the fuel sprayed out of the main oil circuit, and the fuel still has a relatively good penetration angle after the collision, ensuring that the oil mist can fill the entire ignition area. When the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber 16 is sufficient to stretch the spring, the spherical collision platform 15 extends a long distance, and the sprayed fuel hits the collision platform to achieve further atomization of the fuel, thereby improving the fuel atomization effect. The spherical collision platform 15 can change the extension distance according to the oil pressure of the fuel entering the oil storage chamber 16, thereby achieving the regulation of the fuel atomization cone angle and droplet size under different working conditions.

[0049] As a preferred implementation scheme provided in this embodiment, the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle 7 is a cross spray hole, and the fuels in different oil circuits collide when spraying, which can obtain oil mist with a larger atomization cone angle and a smaller atomization particle size, effectively improving the fuel atomization performance.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the air entering the first gas channel 17 from the first air inlet 2 generates a primary rotating airflow after flowing through the primary cyclone 4, which serves as the working carrier gas for sliding arc discharge and can also provide aerodynamic force for the re-atomization of the oil mist. At the same time, the air entering the second gas channel 20 from the second air inlet 9 is transformed into a secondary rotating airflow under the action of the secondary cyclone 5, which can provide aerodynamic force for the atomization of the oil mist and can also be mixed with the oil mist to form an oil-gas mixture. The good mixing of air and oil mist can ensure that the oil-gas mixture is easier to ignite, improve the ignition success rate, and make the fuel combustion process more complete, so as to achieve stable and efficient combustion of the fuel.

[0051] The sliding arc is generated at the shortest distance between the sliding arc discharge area of ​​the spherical collision platform 15 and the inner shell 3. Under the action of the primary swirl gas, it moves in a circle along the central axis of the main oil path while sliding toward the oil mist along the air flow direction. In addition, the active particles 18 generated during the sliding arc discharge come into contact with the fuel droplets. Due to the thermal effect of the sliding arc discharge, the oil mist can be vaporized and interact with the generated active particles 18 to produce intermediate products that are conducive to combustion, thereby increasing the chemical reaction rate of combustion, making ignition easier, and improving the fuel combustion efficiency. While providing stable propulsion, it can also effectively reduce the pollution of emissions.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the spherical collision table can adjust the angle with the nozzle according to different working conditions, so that the fuel can maintain a good atomization cone angle and atomization particle size under different fuel supply pressures, thereby achieving the fuel atomization needs under different working conditions.

[0053] The process of atomization and ignition of the device includes:

[0054] S1: The fuel enters the main oil circuit from the main oil circuit fuel inlet 11, and is ejected from the main oil circuit fuel nozzle 8 and collides on the spherical collision platform 15, realizing rapid and efficient atomization of the fuel; the fuel enters the auxiliary oil circuit from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet 10, and is ejected from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle 7. Under standard conditions, the main oil circuit alone supplies fuel, and when the engine needs greater thrust, the two oil circuits can jointly supply fuel to the combustion chamber.

[0055] S2: Air enters the first gas channel 17 from the first air inlet 2, and another stream of air enters the second gas channel 20 from the second air inlet 9, and is converted into a rotating airflow under the action of the cyclone, so that the sliding arc slides along the cyclone direction and provides aerodynamic force for the oil mist to help its secondary atomization.

[0056] S3: power is supplied, and a sliding arc is generated in the sliding arc discharge area 19;

[0057] S4: Under the action of the primary swirl gas, the sliding arc moves in a circular motion along the axial direction of the main oil path and approaches the oil mist along the airflow direction. At this time, the oil mist is ignited under the action of the sliding arc, completing the ignition process.

[0058] S5: After the ignition is successful, the power supply continues to supply power, and the active particles 18 generated by the sliding arc ionizing the air can further combine with the oil mist to improve the fuel combustion efficiency.

[0059] The effect of this embodiment is that Figure 5As shown in the figure, a spherical collision table and a cross-spray hole structure are used, and multiple atomization methods are carried out simultaneously, which can effectively meet the fuel atomization needs before ignition, and can still ensure that the fuel atomization reaches a good level under the condition of large fuel flow. The change of the position of the spherical collision table can make the atomization more flexible, meet the fuel atomization needs under multiple working conditions, and ensure rapid and efficient atomization of the fuel. The main and auxiliary oil circuits can meet the different fuel supply requirements of different working conditions and provide stable thrust for the engine. Subsequently, the sliding arc ignition can provide greater ignition energy, and the good atomization effect and advanced ignition technology can achieve the ignition reliability and combustion stability of the aircraft engine, meeting the needs of the future development of aircraft engines.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure enhanced combustion device with ignition function, characterized in that: include: An inner casing, on which a first air inlet is provided and a primary cyclone is provided inside, and the inner casing also serves as a grounding electrode for sliding arc discharge; A secondary oil circuit fuel nozzle, which is connected to the secondary oil circuit and is located in the wall of the inner shell; A main oil circuit fuel nozzle is connected to the main oil circuit and is located on the end cover, and the end cover extends into the cavity of the inner shell; An outer shell is provided with a second air inlet and a secondary cyclone is provided inside thereof; The spherical collision table, serving as a high-voltage electrode, is embedded in the end cap.

2. According to claim 1, a sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure enhanced combustion device with ignition function, characterized in that: The fuel enters the main oil circuit through the main oil circuit fuel inlet on the end cover, and is then sprayed out from the main oil circuit fuel nozzle to form a fuel spray; the fuel also enters the auxiliary oil circuit through the auxiliary oil circuit fuel inlet on the inner shell, and is then sprayed out from the auxiliary oil circuit fuel nozzle.

3. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil storage cavity and an oil cavity passage are formed on the end cover. The oil storage cavity is connected with the main oil circuit through the oil cavity passage. The spherical collision platform is installed in the oil storage cavity.

4. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end cover is also provided with a mounting cavity, an oil seal ring is arranged between the mounting cavity and the oil storage cavity, an elastic member is arranged in the mounting cavity, and the spherical collision platform is connected to the end cover through the elastic member.

5. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is not enough to stretch the spring, the spherical collision table extends a short distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the fuel nozzle of the main oil circuit and hits the spherical collision table. The fuel is immediately broken into small droplets after the collision.

6. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the oil pressure in the oil storage chamber is sufficient to stretch the spring, the spherical collision table extends a long distance, and the fuel is sprayed out through the fuel nozzle of the main oil circuit and impacts on the collision table to achieve further atomization of the fuel.

7. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air entering the first gas channel from the first air inlet generates a primary rotating airflow after flowing through the primary cyclone. The primary rotating airflow serves as the working carrier gas for the sliding arc discharge and also provides aerodynamic force for the re-atomization of the oil mist. At the same time, the air entering the second gas channel from the second air inlet generates a secondary rotating airflow after flowing through the secondary cyclone. The secondary rotating airflow provides aerodynamic force for the atomization of the oil mist and also mixes with the oil mist to form an oil-gas mixture.

8. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding arc is generated at the shortest distance between the spherical collision platform and the inner shell. Under the action of the primary swirl gas, it moves in a circle along the central axis of the main oil path while also sliding toward the oil mist along the direction of air flow.

9. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 8, characterized in that: The active particles generated during the sliding arc discharge come into contact with the fuel droplets. The thermal effect of the sliding arc discharge causes the oil mist to vaporize and interact with the generated active particles to produce intermediate products that are beneficial to combustion.

10. The enhanced combustion device of the sliding arc plasma-collision cross structure with ignition function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel injection ports of the auxiliary oil circuit are cross injection ports, so that the fuels in different oil circuits collide when being injected.

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