A hydrogen leak detection device and leak detection method for hydrogen refueling station

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen leak detection in hydrogen refueling stations, and provides a hydrogen leak detection device and method that integrates multiple technologies. The technical solution includes: an infrared thermal imager for preliminary monitoring of potential leak hotspots; a laser spectrometer for high-precision leak positioning; a nanosensor that continuously monitors hydrogen concentration and sends out an alarm signal; an acoustic sensor array that determines the precise location of the leak source; a gas fluorescence imaging device that assists in locating the leak source; a mass flowmeter that quickly identifies flow anomalies to determine whether there is a hydrogen leak; and an alarm and control system that receives alarm signals and performs corresponding control operations. Through the coordinated work of these devices, the safety and reliability of the hydrogen refueling station can be effectively improved. The present invention realizes real-time monitoring and rapid response to hydrogen leaks, significantly reduces the risk of leaks, and ensures the safe operation of the hydrogen refueling station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen leak detection for hydrogen refueling stations, and in particular to a hydrogen leak detection device for hydrogen refueling stations and a leak detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the context of the large-scale use of hydrogen-powered vehicles, hydrogen safety at hydrogen refueling stations is extremely important due to its flammable and explosive high activity. Hydrogen refueling stations generally use portable hydrogen detectors to detect leaks. Portable hydrogen detectors can only detect the approximate location of the leak, and further leak detection pots are needed to detect the specific leak point. Once the leak point is found, it is sometimes necessary to take photos for evidence. At this time, existing maintenance personnel also need to prepare explosion-proof cameras for photography.

[0003] After searching, the patent with patent announcement number CN202110794666.9 discloses a hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station. Although the device is in use, when the hydrogen detector detects a leak in the hydrogen pipeline, the controller receives the instruction of the signal receiving / transmitting device, and controls the injection device to spray the leak detection liquid on the hydrogen pipeline leak to determine the specific leak point, and the camera device is suitable for photographing the leak point and transmitting it to the smart screen. However, the device relies on manual operation when it is used. In actual use, factors such as the operator's proficiency and reaction speed may also affect the detection efficiency. If the operator is not familiar with the system or operates improperly, the detection time may be further extended. And the method of spraying leak detection liquid to determine the leak point is affected by many factors such as the nature of the leak detection liquid, the amount used, and the spraying method. If the leak detection liquid does not react quickly or obviously enough, it will directly affect the rapid positioning of the leak point. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station, which solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] The solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A hydrogen leak detection device for a hydrogen refueling station, comprising:

[0007] Thermal imager: Thermal imagers are installed at hydrogen storage tanks and pipeline connection areas of hydrogen refueling stations to quickly identify potential leak hotspots by detecting temperature changes, so as to conduct preliminary monitoring of these areas.

[0008] Laser spectrometer: The laser spectrometer is set up in the suspected leakage area. It scans the entire hydrogen refueling station area with a laser beam to locate the leak with high precision and analyze the absorption of hydrogen molecules to a specific wavelength spectrum.

[0009] Nanosensors: Nanosensors are integrated into the outer surface of hydrogen storage tanks and pipeline connections at hydrogen refueling stations to continuously monitor hydrogen concentrations. Once an abnormal increase is detected, an alarm signal is immediately issued;

[0010] Acoustic sensor array: The acoustic sensor array is installed at the pipeline and valve joints to form a sensor array, which monitors the ultrasonic signals generated during hydrogen leakage in real time to determine the exact location of the leakage source;

[0011] Gas fluorescence imaging equipment: The gas fluorescence imaging equipment is set up in the suspected leakage area and uses ultraviolet light source to capture the fluorescence signal generated when hydrogen or its components are excited, and generates images to assist in locating the leakage source;

[0012] Mass flow meter: The mass flow meter should be installed between hydrogen pipelines and connected to the abnormal fluctuation detection unit. The mass flow meter monitors the mass flow changes in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, quickly identifies flow abnormalities, and determines whether there is a hydrogen leak;

[0013] Alarm and control system: The alarm and control system is connected to all the above-mentioned equipment and is responsible for receiving alarm signals and performing corresponding control operations. Once a hydrogen leak is detected, the alarm signal will be triggered immediately and the emergency response procedure will be initiated.

[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0015] Furthermore, the laser spectrometer mainly works in an environment without strong background light interference, while the gas fluorescence imaging device works in darkness or low light conditions. Leak detection work is continuously performed under different conditions by the laser spectrometer and the gas fluorescence imaging device.

[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are:

[0017] This complementary working mode ensures that hydrogen leak detection can be effectively performed under different lighting conditions, improving the adaptability and detection efficiency of the system. The laser spectrometer can accurately analyze the spectral absorption of hydrogen molecules without strong background light interference, while the gas fluorescence imaging device captures the fluorescence signal generated by hydrogen under dark or low light conditions. The combination of the two greatly enhances the comprehensiveness and accuracy of detection.

[0018] Furthermore, in areas with dense pipelines, the acoustic sensors are selected as linear arrays or planar arrays, and in areas with complex shapes, the acoustic sensors are selected as stereo arrays.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are:

[0020] This flexible sensor arrangement can more accurately locate the source of hydrogen leaks. In areas with dense pipelines, linearly arranged or planar array acoustic sensors can cover a wider detection area and improve detection efficiency. In areas with complex shapes, three-dimensional array acoustic sensors can more accurately capture ultrasonic signals and determine the specific location of the leak source, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of detection.

[0021] Furthermore, the abnormal fluctuation detection unit includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an abnormal detection module, an alarm and notification module, and a data storage and query module. The abnormal fluctuation detection unit collects mass flow data in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, and performs preprocessing, feature extraction and abnormality detection to timely discover abnormal situations of hydrogen leakage.

[0022] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are:

[0023] This comprehensive abnormal fluctuation detection system can monitor the mass flow changes in the hydrogen pipeline in real time and quickly identify any abnormal fluctuations. Through the collaborative work of data acquisition, processing and abnormal detection modules, the system can accurately determine whether there is a hydrogen leak and trigger the alarm and notification modules in time to ensure that relevant personnel can take countermeasures quickly. At the same time, the data storage and query module can also record historical data to provide strong support for subsequent fault analysis and optimization.

[0024] A leak detection method for a hydrogen leak detection device for a hydrogen refueling station, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1. Install necessary detection equipment and sensors in key areas, equipment, outer surfaces of pipelines and suspected leakage points of hydrogen refueling stations, including infrared thermal imagers, laser spectrometers, gas fluorescence imaging equipment, nanosensors, acoustic sensor arrays, and mass flow meters to ensure that all equipment is properly connected and the data acquisition system can work normally;

[0026] S2. Start the infrared thermal imager to conduct a preliminary scan of key areas of the hydrogen refueling station to detect temperature changes and quickly identify potential leakage hotspots;

[0027] S3. Use a laser spectrometer to perform high-precision scanning of suspected leakage areas based on infrared thermal imaging monitoring. When the laser beam passes through the hydrogen leakage point, the hydrogen molecules will absorb the spectrum of a specific wavelength, causing the intensity of the laser beam to change. The laser spectrometer detects this change and determines the location and concentration of the hydrogen leakage.

[0028] S4. Use ultraviolet light to illuminate the suspected leakage area. When hydrogen or its components are excited, they emit fluorescence. The gas fluorescence imaging device captures this fluorescence signal and generates an image. The gas fluorescence imaging technology is used to capture the fluorescence signal generated when hydrogen or its components are excited, and an image is generated to assist in locating the leakage source. Through image analysis, the leakage source is assisted in locating the leakage source.

[0029] S5. Nano sensors continuously monitor hydrogen concentration on the outer surface of equipment and pipelines, and immediately send out an alarm signal if an abnormal increase is found;

[0030] S6. Acoustic sensors monitor the ultrasonic signals generated by hydrogen leaks in real time at pipelines and valve joints, use acoustic detection technology to identify early signals of small leaks, and use beamforming technology to process and analyze data to determine the exact location of the leak source;

[0031] S7. The mass flow rate change in the hydrogen pipeline is monitored in real time by the mass flow meter and the mass flow difference calculation unit. At the same time, the abnormal fluctuation detection unit compares the real-time flow rate with the preset threshold value or historical data, and uses the abnormal fluctuation detection unit to quickly identify the flow abnormality, determine whether there is a hydrogen leak, and locate the leak position. Once the flow abnormality is detected, an alarm signal is immediately triggered;

[0032] S8. Once any equipment detects hydrogen leakage or abnormality, immediately initiate the emergency response procedure, shut down the leakage source, evacuate personnel, start the ventilation system, and ensure the safety of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0033] Furthermore, in S5, when hydrogen molecules come into contact with the nanosensor, it causes changes in the properties of the sensor surface, thereby outputting an electrical signal. The changes in properties include resistance and capacitance. By detecting the changes in the electrical signal, the hydrogen concentration can be determined.

[0034] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are:

[0035] This nanosensor-based hydrogen concentration monitoring method is highly sensitive and accurate. When hydrogen molecules come into contact with the nanosensor, they cause changes in properties such as the sensor's surface resistance and capacitance, which can be converted into measurable electrical signals. By detecting changes in these electrical signals, the system can monitor changes in hydrogen concentration in real time and accurately, providing strong support for taking timely countermeasures.

[0036] Furthermore, the specific workflow of the acoustic sensor array using the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in the medium to detect hydrogen leaks includes multiple steps: ultrasound generation and propagation, acoustic sensor reception, beam forming and data processing, leakage source location, and emergency response and subsequent processing.

[0037] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are:

[0038] This detailed acoustic sensor array workflow ensures the accuracy and efficiency of hydrogen leak detection. Through the generation and propagation of ultrasonic waves, the acoustic sensor can capture the ultrasonic signal generated when hydrogen leaks. Then, the signal is weighted summed and processed through the beamforming and data processing module to form a beam pointing in a specific direction, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leak source. Finally, the leak source location module determines the specific location of the leak source and triggers the emergency response and subsequent processing module to ensure that relevant personnel can take countermeasures quickly.

[0039] Furthermore, by weighted summing of the signals of multiple sensors, a beam pointing in a specific direction can be formed. By adjusting the weight, the beam can be directed in the direction of the leakage source, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leakage source.

[0040] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are:

[0041] This beamforming technology can significantly improve the detection accuracy and sensitivity of the acoustic sensor array. By weighted summing the signals of multiple sensors, a beam pointing in a specific direction can be formed, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leak source. This technology can not only improve the accuracy of detection, but also reduce the impact of noise and interference on the detection results, providing strong support for the timely detection and positioning of hydrogen leaks.

[0042] The present invention provides a hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0043] Efficient and accurate hydrogen leak detection: This invention realizes efficient and accurate detection of hydrogen leaks in hydrogen refueling stations by comprehensively using a variety of technical means such as laser spectrometer, gas fluorescence imaging equipment, acoustic sensor array and nanosensor. These technologies each have unique advantages and can accurately capture hydrogen leak signals under different conditions, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of detection.

[0044] Strong adaptability and wide coverage: The laser spectrometer and gas fluorescence imaging equipment in the device can work under different lighting conditions, ensuring the detection effect in different environments. At the same time, the flexible arrangement of the acoustic sensor array (linear, planar, three-dimensional) enables it to adapt to pipelines and areas of various complex shapes, achieving full coverage of hydrogen leaks.

[0045] Real-time monitoring and early warning: The abnormal fluctuation detection unit can collect mass flow data in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, and perform preprocessing, feature extraction and abnormality detection. Once an abnormal hydrogen leakage is found, the system will immediately trigger the alarm and notification module to ensure that relevant personnel can quickly take countermeasures and effectively prevent accidents.

[0046] Highly sensitive and quick response: Nanosensors are highly sensitive to hydrogen molecules. When hydrogen molecules come into contact with the sensor, they cause changes in the sensor surface properties (such as resistance, capacitance, etc.), thereby outputting electrical signals. By detecting changes in these electrical signals, the system can monitor changes in hydrogen concentration in real time and accurately, and respond quickly when hydrogen leaks.

[0047] Intelligent processing improves efficiency: The workflow of the acoustic sensor array includes multiple steps, including ultrasonic wave generation and propagation, acoustic sensor reception, beam forming and data processing, leak source location, emergency response and subsequent processing. Through intelligent processing, these steps can achieve rapid location and accurate judgment of hydrogen leaks, greatly improving detection efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0049] In the attached picture:

[0050] Figure 2 The structural diagram of the present invention is

[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the detection process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] See also Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, the embodiments provided by the present invention are:

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] A hydrogen leak detection device for a hydrogen refueling station, comprising:

[0056] Thermal imager: Thermal imagers are installed at hydrogen storage tanks and pipeline connection areas of hydrogen refueling stations to quickly identify potential leak hotspots by detecting temperature changes, so as to conduct preliminary monitoring of these areas.

[0057] Laser spectrometer: The laser spectrometer is set up in the suspected leakage area. It scans the entire hydrogen refueling station area with a laser beam to locate the leak with high precision and analyze the absorption of hydrogen molecules to a specific wavelength spectrum.

[0058] Nanosensors: Nanosensors are integrated into the outer surface of hydrogen storage tanks and pipeline connections at hydrogen refueling stations to continuously monitor hydrogen concentrations. Once an abnormal increase is detected, an alarm signal is immediately issued;

[0059] Acoustic sensor array: The acoustic sensor array is installed on the pipeline and valve joints to form a sensor array, which monitors the ultrasonic signals generated during the hydrogen leakage process in real time to determine the precise location of the leakage source. In areas with dense pipelines, the acoustic sensors are arranged linearly or in a planar array. In areas with complex shapes, the acoustic sensors are arranged in a three-dimensional array. This flexible sensor arrangement can more accurately locate the source of hydrogen leakage. In areas with dense pipelines, linearly arranged or planar array acoustic sensors can cover a wider detection area and improve detection efficiency. In areas with complex shapes, three-dimensional array acoustic sensors can more accurately capture ultrasonic signals and determine the specific location of the leakage source, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of detection;

[0060] Gas fluorescence imaging equipment: The gas fluorescence imaging equipment is set up in the suspected leakage area and illuminated with ultraviolet light source. The gas fluorescence imaging equipment captures the fluorescence signal generated when hydrogen or its components are excited, and generates images to assist in locating the leakage source. The laser spectrometer mainly works in an environment without strong background light interference, while the gas fluorescence imaging equipment works in the dark or low light conditions. The laser spectrometer and the gas fluorescence imaging equipment are used to continuously perform leak detection under different conditions. This complementary working mode ensures that hydrogen leak detection can be effectively performed under different lighting conditions, improving the adaptability and detection efficiency of the system. The laser spectrometer can accurately analyze the spectral absorption of hydrogen molecules when there is no strong background light interference, while the gas fluorescence imaging equipment captures the fluorescence signal generated by hydrogen being excited in the dark or low light conditions. The combination of the two greatly enhances the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the detection;

[0061] Mass flow meter: The mass flow meter should be installed between hydrogen pipelines and connected to the abnormal fluctuation detection unit. The mass flow meter monitors the mass flow changes in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, quickly identifies flow anomalies, and determines whether there is a hydrogen leak. The abnormal fluctuation detection unit includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an abnormal detection module, an alarm and notification module, and a data storage and query module. The data acquisition module is responsible for real-time collection of mass flow data in the hydrogen pipeline. These data are obtained through the mass flow meter and transmitted to the abnormal fluctuation detection unit for further processing. The data processing module preprocesses and extracts features from the collected mass flow data. Preprocessing includes data cleaning, denoising and other operations to improve the accuracy and reliability of the data. Feature extraction is to extract key features related to hydrogen leakage from the data, such as the trend of flow change, fluctuation amplitude, etc. The abnormal detection module uses algorithms and models to detect anomalies in the processed data. By comparing the current flow data with the preset threshold or historical data, flow anomalies can be identified and a preliminary judgment can be made as to whether there is a hydrogen leak. Once the abnormal detection module identifies the flow anomaly, the alarm and notification module will immediately trigger an alarm signal and notify relevant personnel in various ways. This includes sound and light alarms, SMS notifications, emails, etc., to ensure that relevant personnel can take prompt countermeasures. The data storage and query module is responsible for recording historical data for subsequent analysis and optimization. These data include flow data, alarm records, operation logs, etc. By querying these data, the operation of the system can be reviewed and analyzed, providing strong support for fault analysis and system optimization. The abnormal fluctuation detection unit collects mass flow data in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, and performs preprocessing, feature extraction and anomaly detection to promptly detect abnormal hydrogen leakage;

[0062] Alarm and control system: The alarm and control system is connected to all the above-mentioned equipment and is responsible for receiving alarm signals and performing corresponding control operations. Once a hydrogen leak is detected, the alarm signal will be triggered immediately and the emergency response procedure will be initiated.

[0063] Embodiment 2

[0064] A leak detection method for a hydrogen leak detection device for a hydrogen refueling station, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0065] S1. Install necessary detection equipment and sensors in key areas, equipment, outer surfaces of pipelines and suspected leakage points of hydrogen refueling stations, including infrared thermal imagers, laser spectrometers, gas fluorescence imaging equipment, nanosensors, acoustic sensor arrays, and mass flow meters to ensure that all equipment is correctly connected and the data acquisition system can work normally.

[0066] S2. Start the infrared thermal imager to conduct a preliminary scan of the key areas of the hydrogen refueling station, detect temperature changes, and quickly identify potential leakage hotspots. When there is a hydrogen leak in the key areas of the hydrogen refueling station, the temperature around the leak point will change. This is because hydrogen leaks are usually accompanied by the release or absorption of energy, resulting in changes in local temperature. The thermal image generated by the infrared thermal imager can clearly show the temperature distribution of the measured area. By comparing and analyzing the temperature differences in different areas, potential leakage hotspots can be quickly identified. These hotspots usually appear as areas with significantly different temperatures from the surrounding areas. Once a potential leakage hotspot is identified, relevant personnel can immediately take further detection measures, such as using more accurate leak detection instruments for confirmation and positioning. This helps to take timely countermeasures to prevent hydrogen leakage accidents.

[0067] S3. Using a laser spectrometer, based on infrared thermal imaging monitoring, the laser spectrometer can perform high-precision scanning of suspected leakage areas. By comparing the changes in laser intensity in different areas, the approximate location of the hydrogen leak can be preliminarily determined. Furthermore, the laser spectrometer can perform more accurate measurement and positioning of suspected leakage areas. By adjusting the scanning path and angle of the laser beam, the hydrogen leak point can be accurately captured and positioned. Based on the change in laser beam intensity, the laser spectrometer can also deduce the concentration of hydrogen molecules. This helps to assess the severity and possible risks of hydrogen leaks.

[0068] S4. Use ultraviolet light source to illuminate the suspected leakage area. When hydrogen comes into contact with a specific fluorescent dye, under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, the fluorescent dye molecules will absorb the energy of ultraviolet light and transition to an excited state. Subsequently, the excited fluorescent dye molecules will emit fluorescence in the process of returning to the ground state. This fluorescence intensity is proportional to the hydrogen concentration, so the hydrogen concentration can be inferred by detecting the fluorescence intensity. Gas fluorescence imaging technology uses the principle of the above-mentioned fluorescence analysis technology to illuminate the suspected leakage area with an ultraviolet light source, so that hydrogen or its components interact with the fluorescent dye and emit fluorescence. Then, a highly sensitive gas fluorescence imaging device is used to capture these fluorescence signals and convert them into digital images. These images can intuitively show the distribution of hydrogen in the suspected leakage area, thereby helping technicians quickly locate the source of the leak. Through the generated gas fluorescence imaging images, technicians can perform image analysis and observe the characteristics of the fluorescence signal, such as the intensity, distribution and morphology. These characteristic information can assist technicians in determining key information such as the location of the leak source, the extent of the leak and the type of leak. For example, the intensity of the fluorescence signal can reflect the high or low concentration of hydrogen, while the distribution and morphology of the fluorescence signal can provide information such as the specific location and diffusion trend of the leak source.

[0069] S5. Nanosensors continuously monitor hydrogen concentration on the outer surface of equipment and pipelines. Once an abnormal increase is found, an alarm signal is immediately issued. When hydrogen molecules come into contact with the nanosensors, they cause changes in the properties of the sensor surface, thereby outputting electrical signals. The changes in properties include resistance and capacitance. By detecting changes in electrical signals, the hydrogen concentration can be determined. This hydrogen concentration monitoring method based on nanosensors has high sensitivity and accuracy. When hydrogen molecules come into contact with nanosensors, they cause changes in properties such as resistance and capacitance on the sensor surface. These changes can be converted into measurable electrical signals. By detecting changes in these electrical signals, the system can monitor changes in hydrogen concentration in real time and accurately, providing strong support for timely response measures.

[0070] S6. The acoustic sensor monitors the ultrasonic signal generated by hydrogen leakage in real time at the pipeline and valve joints, uses acoustic detection technology to identify the early signals of small leaks, and uses beamforming technology to process and analyze data to determine the precise location of the leak source. The specific workflow of the acoustic sensor array using the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in the medium to detect hydrogen leaks includes multiple steps such as ultrasonic generation and propagation, acoustic sensor reception, beamforming and data processing, leak source location, and emergency response and subsequent processing. This detailed acoustic sensor array workflow ensures the accuracy and efficiency of hydrogen leak detection. Through the generation and propagation of ultrasonic waves, the acoustic sensor can capture the ultrasonic signal generated when hydrogen leaks. Then, the signal is weighted summed and processed by the beamforming and data processing module to form a beam pointing in a specific direction, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leak source. Finally, the specific location of the leak source is determined by the leak source location module, and the emergency response and subsequent processing module is triggered to ensure that relevant personnel can quickly take countermeasures. By weighted summing the signals of multiple sensors, a beam pointing in a specific direction can be formed. By adjusting the weights, the beam can be pointed in the direction of the leak source, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leak source. This beamforming technology can significantly improve the detection accuracy and sensitivity of the acoustic sensor array. By weighted summing the signals of multiple sensors, a beam pointing in a specific direction can be formed, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leak source. This technology can not only improve the accuracy of detection, but also reduce the impact of noise and interference on the detection results, providing strong support for the timely detection and positioning of hydrogen leaks.

[0071] S7. The mass flow rate change in the hydrogen pipeline is monitored in real time through the mass flow meter and the mass flow difference calculation unit. At the same time, the abnormal fluctuation detection unit compares the real-time flow rate with the preset threshold or historical data, and uses the abnormal fluctuation detection unit to quickly identify the flow abnormality, determine whether there is a hydrogen leak, and locate the leak. Once the flow abnormality is detected, the alarm signal is immediately triggered. This comprehensive abnormal fluctuation detection system can monitor the mass flow rate change in the hydrogen pipeline in real time and quickly identify any abnormal fluctuations. Through the collaborative work of data acquisition, processing and abnormal detection modules, the system can accurately determine whether there is a hydrogen leak, and promptly trigger the alarm and notification module to ensure that relevant personnel can quickly take countermeasures. At the same time, the data storage and query module can also record historical data to provide strong support for subsequent fault analysis and optimization.

[0072] S8. Once any equipment detects hydrogen leakage or abnormality, immediately initiate the emergency response procedure, shut down the leakage source, evacuate personnel, start the ventilation system, and ensure the safety of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0073] Working principle:

[0074] First, the laser spectrometer uses a laser beam to illuminate hydrogen molecules and determines the presence and concentration of hydrogen by measuring the absorption characteristics of the laser beam in hydrogen molecules. This method is particularly effective in an environment without strong background light interference and can provide high-precision hydrogen concentration data.

[0075] Secondly, the gas fluorescence imaging device uses light of a specific wavelength to excite hydrogen molecules to make them fluoresce. In dark or low-light conditions, the gas fluorescence imaging device can capture these fluorescence signals and convert them into visual hydrogen leak images through image processing technology, thereby achieving intuitive detection of hydrogen leaks.

[0076] At the same time, the acoustic sensor array uses the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in the medium to detect hydrogen leaks. When hydrogen leaks, it generates ultrasonic signals. The acoustic sensor array receives these signals and performs beamforming and data processing on them to determine the specific location of the leak source. In addition, by adjusting the arrangement and weight of the sensors, a beam pointing in a specific direction can be formed, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leak source and improving the accuracy of detection.

[0077] In addition, the nanosensor outputs electrical signals by detecting changes in properties (such as resistance, capacitance, etc.) caused by the contact between hydrogen molecules and the sensor surface. The changes in these electrical signals are proportional to the hydrogen concentration, so the changes in hydrogen concentration can be monitored in real time by measuring the changes in the electrical signals.

[0078] Finally, the abnormal fluctuation detection unit collects the mass flow data in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, and performs preprocessing, feature extraction and abnormality detection to timely detect abnormal hydrogen leakage. Once an abnormal fluctuation is found, the system will immediately trigger the alarm and notification module to alert relevant personnel so that they can take timely countermeasures.

[0079] In summary, the present invention realizes efficient, accurate and real-time monitoring of hydrogen leakage in hydrogen refueling stations by comprehensively using a variety of technical means such as laser spectroscopy analysis, gas fluorescence imaging, acoustic sensor array, nanosensor and abnormal fluctuation detection. These technical means complement each other and together constitute the working principle of the present invention, providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of hydrogen refueling stations.

[0080] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0081] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A hydrogen leak detection device for a hydrogen refueling station, characterized in that: include: Thermal imager: Thermal imagers are installed at hydrogen storage tanks and pipeline connection areas of hydrogen refueling stations to quickly identify potential leak hotspots by detecting temperature changes, so as to conduct preliminary monitoring of these areas. Laser spectrometer: The laser spectrometer is set up in the suspected leakage area. It scans the entire hydrogen refueling station area with a laser beam to locate the leak with high precision and analyze the absorption of hydrogen molecules to a specific wavelength spectrum. Nanosensors: Nanosensors are integrated into the outer surface of hydrogen storage tanks and pipeline connections at hydrogen refueling stations to continuously monitor hydrogen concentrations. Once an abnormal increase is detected, an alarm signal is immediately issued; Acoustic sensor array: The acoustic sensor array is installed at the pipeline and valve joints to form a sensor array, which monitors the ultrasonic signals generated during hydrogen leakage in real time to determine the exact location of the leakage source; Gas fluorescence imaging equipment: The gas fluorescence imaging equipment is set up in the suspected leakage area and uses ultraviolet light source to capture the fluorescence signal generated when hydrogen or its components are excited, and generates images to assist in locating the leakage source; Mass flow meter: The mass flow meter should be installed between hydrogen pipelines and connected to the abnormal fluctuation detection unit. The mass flow meter monitors the mass flow changes in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, quickly identifies flow abnormalities, and determines whether there is a hydrogen leak; Alarm and control system: The alarm and control system is connected to all the above-mentioned equipment and is responsible for receiving alarm signals and performing corresponding control operations. Once a hydrogen leak is detected, the alarm signal will be triggered immediately and the emergency response procedure will be initiated.

2. A hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser spectrometer mainly works in an environment without strong background light interference, while the gas fluorescence imaging equipment works in dark or low light conditions. The laser spectrometer and the gas fluorescence imaging equipment are used to continuously perform leak detection under different conditions.

3. A hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In areas with dense pipelines, acoustic sensors are selected as linear arrays or planar arrays. In areas with complex shapes, acoustic sensors are selected as stereo arrays.

4. A hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abnormal fluctuation detection unit includes a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an abnormal detection module, an alarm and notification module, and a data storage and query module. The abnormal fluctuation detection unit collects mass flow data in the hydrogen pipeline in real time, and performs preprocessing, feature extraction and abnormality detection to timely discover abnormal situations of hydrogen leakage.

5. A leak detection method for a hydrogen leak detection device for a hydrogen refueling station as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Install necessary detection equipment and sensors in key areas, equipment, outer surfaces of pipelines and suspected leakage points of hydrogen refueling stations, including infrared thermal imagers, laser spectrometers, gas fluorescence imaging equipment, nanosensors, acoustic sensor arrays, and mass flow meters to ensure that all equipment is properly connected and the data acquisition system can work normally; S2. Start the infrared thermal imager to conduct a preliminary scan of key areas of the hydrogen refueling station to detect temperature changes and quickly identify potential leakage hotspots; S3. Use a laser spectrometer to perform high-precision scanning of suspected leakage areas based on infrared thermal imaging monitoring. When the laser beam passes through the hydrogen leakage point, the hydrogen molecules will absorb the spectrum of a specific wavelength, causing the intensity of the laser beam to change. The laser spectrometer detects this change and determines the location and concentration of the hydrogen leakage. S4. Use ultraviolet light to illuminate the suspected leakage area. When hydrogen or its components are excited, they emit fluorescence. The gas fluorescence imaging device captures this fluorescence signal and generates an image. The gas fluorescence imaging technology is used to capture the fluorescence signal generated when hydrogen or its components are excited, and an image is generated to assist in locating the leakage source. Through image analysis, the leakage source is assisted in locating the leakage source. S5. Nano sensors continuously monitor hydrogen concentration on the outer surface of equipment and pipelines, and immediately send out an alarm signal if an abnormal increase is found; S6. Acoustic sensors monitor the ultrasonic signals generated by hydrogen leaks in real time at pipelines and valve joints, use acoustic detection technology to identify early signals of small leaks, and use beamforming technology to process and analyze data to determine the exact location of the leak source; S7. The mass flow rate change in the hydrogen pipeline is monitored in real time by the mass flow meter and the mass flow difference calculation unit. At the same time, the abnormal fluctuation detection unit compares the real-time flow rate with the preset threshold value or historical data, and uses the abnormal fluctuation detection unit to quickly identify the flow abnormality, determine whether there is a hydrogen leak, and locate the leak position. Once the flow abnormality is detected, an alarm signal is immediately triggered; S8. Once any equipment detects hydrogen leakage or abnormality, immediately initiate the emergency response procedure, shut down the leakage source, evacuate personnel, start the ventilation system, and ensure the safety of the hydrogen refueling station.

6. A hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, when hydrogen molecules come into contact with the nanosensor, it causes changes in the properties of the sensor surface, thereby outputting an electrical signal. The changes in properties include resistance and capacitance. By detecting the changes in the electrical signal, the hydrogen concentration can be determined.

7. A hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific workflow of the acoustic sensor array using the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in the medium to detect hydrogen leaks includes multiple steps: ultrasound generation and propagation, acoustic sensor reception, beam forming and data processing, leakage source location, emergency response and subsequent processing.

8. A hydrogen leak detection device and a leak detection method for a hydrogen refueling station according to claim 7, characterized in that: By weighting and summing the signals of multiple sensors, a beam pointing in a specific direction can be formed. By adjusting the weights, the beam can be pointed in the direction of the leakage source, thereby enhancing the signal strength in the direction of the leakage source.

Images