Submarine tunnel water leakage amount and water pressure action rule testing device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a subsea tunnel water leakage amount and water pressure action rule test device and method, and the device comprises a C-shaped workbench which is internally provided with a lower part supporting platform; the sealing mechanism comprises a top cover plate and a bottom cover plate, a top groove serving as a water storage space is formed in the upper portion of the top cover plate, and a bottom groove for storing seepage water is formed in the bottom cover plate; the water seepage mechanism is located between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, and sealing gaskets are arranged between the water seepage mechanism and the top cover plate and between the water seepage mechanism and the bottom cover plate respectively; the top loading mechanism is used for applying a preset load to the top cover plate; the water pressure loading mechanism is used for providing loading water pressure for the sealing mechanism; the testing mechanism is used for testing the water pressure in the bottom groove and the water discharge of the bottom cover plate; and the control device is respectively connected with the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism. According to the invention, the simulation of the water pressure size rule of the hectometer-level ultra-deep subsea tunnel under the condition of different drainage rates can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of submarine tunnel engineering, and in particular to a test device and method for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel. Background Art

[0002] At present, there are more and more submarine tunnels under construction and planning in my country, and there is a trend of high water pressure and deep burial. For example, the maximum water head of the Jiaozhou Bay Second Subsea Tunnel under construction is 114m, and the maximum water head of major projects such as the Qiongzhou Strait Cross-sea Channel, Bohai Strait Cross-sea Channel and Taiwan Strait Cross-sea Channel is 150m. For ultra-deep submarine tunnels of 100 meters, the rationality and reliability of the structural drainage system are the key to the success of underwater tunnels and an important factor in controlling operating costs. At present, the design of submarine tunnel drainage system mainly includes "full drainage mode", "limited drainage mode" and "fully closed mode". Different drainage systems have huge differences in the size and law of lining water pressure. Even for the "limited drainage mode", the water pressure on the lining is significantly different due to different drainage rates. It is a key technical problem to reasonably determine the lining water pressure in combination with the design drainage mode.

[0003] At present, the research on the water pressure law of submarine tunnel lining is mainly focused on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and model test research is relatively rare. In addition, the existing model test equipment and methods are only applicable to medium and low water pressures. There is no equipment and method to simulate the water leakage and water pressure law of ultra-deep submarine tunnels of 100 meters. With the rapid increase of submarine tunnels in my country, drainage systems with water pressure sensing and overpressure drainage capabilities are being developed. The corresponding relationship between underwater tunnel drainage control and structural water load and water pressure determination methods need to be studied through experiments. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for testing the water leakage and water pressure action law of an undersea tunnel.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel, comprising:

[0006] A C-shaped workbench having a C-shaped opening, wherein a lower support platform is disposed in the C-shaped opening;

[0007] A sealing mechanism is arranged on the lower supporting platform, the sealing mechanism comprises a top cover plate and a bottom cover plate, a top groove used as a water storage space is arranged above the top cover plate, and a bottom groove for storing permeated water is arranged on the bottom cover plate;

[0008] A water infiltration mechanism is located between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, and sealing gaskets are respectively provided between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0009] A top loading mechanism, located at the top of the C-shaped opening, the top loading mechanism applies a predetermined load to the top cover plate;

[0010] A water pressure loading mechanism, used for providing loading water pressure for the sealing mechanism;

[0011] A testing mechanism, used to test the water pressure in the bottom groove and the water discharge of the bottom cover plate;

[0012] A control device is respectively connected with the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism.

[0013] Optionally, two annular grooves are respectively provided on the lower surface of the top cover plate and the upper surface of the bottom cover plate along the circumferential direction, and the annular grooves are used for pasting sealing gaskets.

[0014] Optionally, the water penetration mechanism includes a concrete slab component, and the thickness and permeability coefficient of the concrete slab component are set according to test requirements.

[0015] Optionally, a water inlet hole is provided on the top cover plate, and the water pressure loading mechanism comprises:

[0016] A water pressure pipeline, one end of which is connected to the water inlet hole;

[0017] The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline and is used to provide loading water pressure.

[0018] Optionally, an air outlet is provided on the top cover plate.

[0019] Optionally, the testing mechanism includes a water pressure gauge, and a pressure measuring hole is provided on the bottom cover plate, and the water pressure gauge tests the water pressure in the bottom groove through the pressure measuring hole.

[0020] Optionally, the testing mechanism includes a flow meter, the bottom cover plate is provided with a drainage hole, the drainage hole is connected to a drainage pipe, the flow meter is provided on the drainage pipe, and the flow meter is used to measure the drainage volume of the drainage hole.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel is provided, which is implemented by using the above-mentioned test device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel, and the method comprises:

[0022] providing concrete slab components;

[0023] Provide top and bottom covers;

[0024] A sealing pad is attached between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate respectively, and a concrete slab component is placed between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0025] Using the top loading mechanism, the sealing gasket is loaded to a predetermined value through the top cover plate;

[0026] Using a water pressure loading mechanism to load the water pressure to a predetermined value;

[0027] Adjust the drainage volume, test the water pressure in the bottom groove at different drainage volumes, and obtain the relationship between different drainage rates and water pressure in the tunnel.

[0028] Optionally, the method includes: replacing concrete slab components of different thicknesses for testing.

[0029] Optionally, the method includes: replacing concrete slab components with different permeability coefficients for testing.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention can simulate the water pressure law of a 100-meter-class ultra-deep submarine tunnel under different drainage rates through the mutual cooperation between various mechanisms and the adjustment of the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism by a control device.

[0032] 2. The present invention can conveniently and quickly simulate the water gushing situation of surrounding rocks with different permeabilities and thicknesses under high water pressure conditions by changing the concrete components of the water penetration mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 It is an overall front view of a device for testing water leakage and water pressure in a submarine tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is an overall right side view of a device for testing water leakage and water pressure in a submarine tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] In the figure: 1 is a C-type workbench, 2 is a top oil cylinder, 3 is a top cover plate, 4 is a bottom cover plate, 5 is a concrete slab component, 6 is a sealing gasket, 7 is a pad, 8 is a hydraulic cylinder, 9 is a hydraulic pipeline, 10 is a water pressure gauge, 11 is a drain pipe, 12 is a flow meter, 13 is a lower support platform, and 14 is a control device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements may be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] It should be noted that, in the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only a relational word determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of each component or element of the present application, and does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Moreover, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described here.

[0039] In this application, terms such as "fixed connection", "connected", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, indicating that it can be fixedly connected, integrally connected or detachably connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. Relevant technicians in this field can determine the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific circumstances, and they should not be understood as limitations on this application.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, an underwater tunnel water leakage and water pressure action law test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises a C-type workbench 1, a sealing mechanism, a permeable water mechanism, a top loading mechanism, a water pressure loading mechanism, a testing mechanism and a control device 14, wherein the C-type workbench 1 has a C-type opening, and a lower supporting platform 13 is arranged in the C-type opening; the sealing mechanism is arranged on the lower supporting platform 13, and the sealing mechanism comprises a top cover plate 3 and a bottom cover plate 4, a top groove used as a water storage space is arranged above the top cover plate 3 to simulate the action of high-pressure seawater, and a bottom groove for storing permeable water is arranged on the bottom cover plate 4; the permeable water mechanism is located between the top cover plate 3 and the bottom cover plate 4, and sealing pads 6 are respectively arranged between the permeable water mechanism and the top cover plate 3 and the bottom cover plate 4; the top loading mechanism is located at the top of the C-type opening, and the top loading mechanism applies a predetermined load to the top cover plate 3; the water pressure loading mechanism is used to provide a loading water pressure for the sealing mechanism; the testing mechanism is used to test the water pressure in the bottom groove and the water discharge of the bottom cover plate 4; the control device 14 is connected to the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism respectively.

[0041] In some embodiments, the C-shaped workbench 1 is welded from steel plates, and the top loading mechanism includes a top cylinder 2 and a pad 7. The top of the C-shaped opening of the C-shaped workbench 1 is welded and fixed to the top cylinder 2 to provide support for the top cylinder 2, and the upper and middle parts provide reaction force for the displacement loading of the top cylinder 2; exemplarily, the top loading mechanism includes four top cylinders 2, and the four top cylinders 2 are evenly distributed at the top of the C-shaped opening, and are used to apply a predetermined load to the sealing mechanism. The pad 7 is arranged below the top cylinder 2 and is respectively connected to the four top cylinders 2, and the pad 7 is used to apply a wedge-shaped deformation to the top cover plate 3; the lower support platform 13 of the C-shaped workbench 1 provides an operating surface for the sealing mechanism, and provides an operating platform for testing the amount of water leakage in the tunnel and the law of water pressure action.

[0042] In some embodiments, both the top cover plate 3 and the bottom cover plate 4 are made of steel, and two annular grooves are respectively provided on the lower surface of the top cover plate 3 and the upper surface of the bottom cover plate 4 along the circumferential direction, and the annular grooves are used to load and stick the sealing gasket 6, and the sealing gasket between the top cover plate 3 and the bottom cover plate 4 is located in an annular groove on the outside. During the test, the water pressure of the water storage space above the sealing mechanism can be as high as 5MPa, and the sealing is performed by providing the sealing gasket 6.

[0043] In some embodiments, the water infiltration mechanism includes a concrete plate component 5, which can be a series of concrete plates with different permeability coefficients and different thicknesses. The thickness and permeability coefficient of the concrete plate component 5 are set according to test requirements. The upper and lower surfaces of the concrete plate component 5 are both provided with a groove for inserting a sealing gasket 6. The groove on the upper surface corresponds to the annular groove on the inner side of the top cover plate 3, and the groove on the lower surface corresponds to the annular groove inside the bottom cover plate 4, so that the sealing gasket 6 is respectively pasted between the upper surface of the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate 3, and between the lower surface and the bottom cover plate 4.

[0044] The concrete slab component 5 in the embodiment of the present invention is used to simulate the permeability of the surrounding rock (not simulating the structural performance), that is, a series of concrete slab components 5 with different permeability coefficients are prepared in advance, and then according to the permeability coefficients of different surrounding rocks, concrete slab components 5 with corresponding permeability are selected for experimental simulation.

[0045] In some embodiments, a water inlet and an air outlet are provided on the top cover plate 3, and the air outlet can prevent air pressure from existing in the water storage space, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results. The hydraulic loading mechanism includes a hydraulic pipeline 9 and a hydraulic oil cylinder 8, one end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 is connected to the water inlet; the hydraulic oil cylinder 8 is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline 9 to provide loading water pressure, and the automatic loading of water pressure can be realized through the control device 14.

[0046] The test device in the embodiment of the present invention has a hydraulic loading capacity of 5 MPa, which is equivalent to a loading capacity of 500 m head, so that the test device can be used to simulate a 100-meter-class ultra-deep submarine tunnel.

[0047] In some embodiments, the testing mechanism includes a water pressure gauge 10 . A pressure measuring hole is provided on one side of the bottom groove of the bottom cover plate 4 . The water pressure gauge 10 tests the water pressure in the bottom groove of the bottom cover plate 4 through the pressure measuring hole.

[0048] In some embodiments, the testing mechanism includes a flow meter 12, and the bottom cover plate 4 is provided with a drainage hole on the other side of the bottom groove, the drainage hole is used to discharge the seepage water in the bottom groove of the bottom cover plate 4, the drainage hole is connected to the drainage pipe 11, the flow meter 12 is arranged on the drainage pipe 11, and the flow meter 12 is used to measure the drainage volume of the drainage hole.

[0049] In the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, various test parameters, such as top load, loading water pressure, etc., can be set through the control device 14 to realize automatic operation.

[0050] When the amount of water seepage in the tunnel surrounding rock is constant, the tunnel adopts different drainage modes, and the corresponding drainage is different. Therefore, different drainage rates are directly related to the magnitude of water pressure. The above embodiment of the present invention changes the water seepage mechanism and conducts multiple groups of tests through concrete slab components 5 with different permeability coefficients to obtain the distribution law of tunnel water pressure under different permeability characteristics and different drainage rates. According to the relationship between different drainage rates and water pressure, the structural water load under different tunnel drainage schemes can be calculated to determine the regular relationship between underwater tunnel drainage control and structural water load.

[0051] In the above embodiment of the present invention, when the drainage rate is set to different percentages, it corresponds to different degrees of drainage restriction. Specifically, when the drainage rate is 0, it corresponds to a fully enclosed non-drainage mode; when the drainage rate is 100%, it corresponds to a full drainage mode; when the drainage rate is between the two, it corresponds to a "limited drainage mode". By adjusting the loading water pressure and the drainage rate of the drainage hole, the water pressure effect of a 100-meter-level high-pressure submarine tunnel under different drainage modes can be simulated under different drainage design modes and different drainage rate conditions.

[0052] Based on the same concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing the water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel, which is implemented by using the above-mentioned test device for testing the water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel. The method comprises:

[0053] S1. Provide concrete slab components;

[0054] S2, providing a top cover plate and a bottom cover plate;

[0055] S3, sticking sealing pads between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate respectively, and placing the concrete slab component between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0056] Specifically, sealing gaskets are pasted in the grooves on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete member, and sealing gaskets are pasted in the two annular grooves of the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, respectively, and the concrete slab member with the sealing gaskets pasted is placed between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate;

[0057] S4. Using the top loading mechanism, the sealing gasket is loaded to a predetermined value through the top cover plate; the predetermined value of the top load is determined comprehensively based on the magnitude of the required loading water pressure and the performance of the sealing gasket, and the sealing function under the proposed high water pressure condition must be achieved;

[0058] S5. After connecting the pipeline of the hydraulic cylinder to the hydraulic pipeline, start the hydraulic cylinder and use the hydraulic loading mechanism to load the water pressure step by step to a predetermined value; the water pressure loaded in this step is a water pressure value corresponding to the seawater depth and the tunnel burial depth, which can be understood as the hydrostatic pressure in the fully enclosed non-drainage mode;

[0059] S6. Adjust the drainage volume and test the water pressure in the bottom groove at different drainage volumes, that is, the water load pressure of the tunnel structure corresponding to different drainage rates. The drainage rate can be obtained by calculation. Specifically, the drainage volume is divided by the amount of water coming in (that is, the amount of water seepage from the surrounding rock). Thus, the relationship between different drainage rates of the tunnel and the size of the water pressure is obtained.

[0060] In some embodiments, step S1 provides a batch of concrete slab components with different thicknesses and different permeability coefficients, and the method further comprises:

[0061] S7. Replace the concrete slab component in step S3, and follow the same process from step S4 to step S6.

[0062] The above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention simulates the thickness of the surrounding rock overlying the tunnel through the thickness of the concrete slab component. Exemplarily, the test is carried out by replacing concrete slab components of different thicknesses to simulate the water seepage and pressure changes when the permeability coefficient of the tunnel surrounding rock is constant but the thickness is different; and / or, the test is carried out by replacing concrete slab components of different permeability coefficients.

[0063] It should be noted that the above method embodiments and device embodiments are based on the same inventive concept, and their specific processes can be implemented with reference to the device embodiments. The method embodiments have the same beneficial effects as the device embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0064] The above embodiment of the present invention can simulate the water pressure law of a 100-meter-class ultra-deep submarine tunnel under different drainage rates through the mutual cooperation between the various mechanisms and by adjusting the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism through the control device. By changing the concrete components of the water permeability mechanism, it is possible to conveniently and quickly simulate the water gushing of surrounding rocks with different permeabilities and thicknesses under high water pressure conditions.

[0065] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. The above preferred features can be used in any combination without conflicting with each other.

Claims

1. A test device for water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnels, characterized in that: include: A C-shaped workbench having a C-shaped opening, wherein a lower support platform is disposed in the C-shaped opening; A sealing mechanism is arranged on the lower supporting platform, the sealing mechanism comprises a top cover plate and a bottom cover plate, a top groove used as a water storage space is arranged above the top cover plate, and a bottom groove for storing permeated water is arranged on the bottom cover plate; A water infiltration mechanism is located between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate, and sealing gaskets are respectively provided between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate; A top loading mechanism, located at the top of the C-shaped opening, the top loading mechanism applies a predetermined load to the top cover plate; A water pressure loading mechanism, used for providing loading water pressure for the sealing mechanism; A testing mechanism, used to test the water pressure in the bottom groove and the water discharge of the bottom cover plate; A control device is respectively connected with the top loading mechanism, the water pressure loading mechanism and the testing mechanism.

2. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower surface of the top cover plate and the upper surface of the bottom cover plate are respectively provided with two annular grooves along the circumferential direction, and the annular grooves are used for sticking the sealing gasket.

3. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water penetration mechanism includes a concrete slab component, and the thickness and permeability coefficient of the concrete slab component are set according to test requirements.

4. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover plate is provided with a water inlet hole, and the water pressure loading mechanism comprises: A water pressure pipeline, one end of which is connected to the water inlet hole; The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the other end of the hydraulic pipeline and is used to provide loading water pressure.

5. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover plate is provided with an air outlet.

6. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing mechanism comprises a water pressure gauge. A pressure measuring hole is provided on the bottom cover plate. The water pressure gauge tests the water pressure in the bottom groove through the pressure measuring hole.

7. The device for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing mechanism comprises a flow meter. The bottom cover plate is provided with a drainage hole. The drainage hole is connected to a drainage pipe. The flow meter is arranged on the drainage pipe. The flow meter is used to measure the drainage volume of the drainage hole.

8. A method for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnels, characterized in that: The method is implemented by using the underwater tunnel water leakage and water pressure action law test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method comprises: providing concrete slab components; Provide top and bottom covers; A sealing pad is attached between the water infiltration mechanism and the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate respectively, and a concrete slab component is placed between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate; Using the top loading mechanism, the sealing gasket is loaded to a predetermined value through the top cover plate; Using a water pressure loading mechanism to load the water pressure to a predetermined value; Adjust the drainage volume, test the water pressure in the bottom groove at different drainage volumes, and obtain the relationship between different drainage rates and water pressure in the tunnel.

9. The method for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of submarine tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method comprises: replacing concrete slab components with different thicknesses to conduct tests.

10. The method for testing water leakage and water pressure action law of a submarine tunnel according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The method comprises: replacing concrete slab components with different permeability coefficients to conduct tests.

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