Soil hardening hardness detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil hardening hardness detection device and method, the soil hardening hardness detection device comprises a support frame, an outer cover, a driven mechanism, a power mechanism, a pressure sensor and a puncture probe, the outer cover is tubular, and the bottom of the outer cover is open; the outer cover is mounted on the support frame; the driven mechanism is arranged in the outer cover; the driven mechanism comprises a guide supporting ring and a rack, the two ends of the guide supporting ring are connected with the inner wall of the outer cover, and the guide supporting ring is provided with a guide hole; the rack is vertically arranged in the outer cover and penetrates through the guide hole in a sliding manner; the power mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a gear; the rotating shaft transversely penetrates through the outer cover and is sleeved with the gear; the gear is meshed with the rack; the pressure sensor is connected with the bottom of the rack; the puncture probe is arranged at the lower end of the pressure sensor for detecting soil; the device is good in portability, reduces the detection workload, saves time and labor, improves the efficiency, and facilitates the guarantee of the data accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop production, and in particular relates to a soil compaction hardness detection device and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] Soil compaction is a phenomenon in which the surface soil aggregates are broken to form a dense layer under the action of physical and mechanical and physical and chemical effects. Physical and mechanical action refers to the dispersion of soil aggregate particles by rainfall, the splashing of soil particles and filling the soil gaps to form a hard and dense layer; physical and chemical action refers to the dispersion of soil aggregates and the exchange of cations, and the formation of compaction due to the blockage of soil pores by fine particles during movement.

[0003] Soil surface compaction can affect the exchange of oxygen between the atmosphere and the soil, thereby affecting seed germination. At the same time, the formation of soil compaction will also reduce the infiltration rate of rainwater, increase surface runoff, reduce the efficiency of crop water use, delay crop growth, and cause a decrease in yield. In agricultural production, the dense layer formed by soil surface compaction can seriously hinder the emergence of crop seedlings, which is an important unfavorable factor affecting crop emergence. Especially for dicotyledonous crops with larger seeds such as soybeans and peanuts, the negative effects are more prominent. Therefore, timely monitoring the intensity of soil surface compaction and breaking the obstacles of soil surface compaction are of great significance for crop emergence and later growth.

[0004] Some soil compaction detection devices in the prior art use a cutting head to cut and detect soil compaction. When the cutting head cuts, the compacted soil in contact with it will sink into the soil. At the same time, the compacted soil in contact with the cutting head will pull the surrounding soil compaction and cause the surrounding soil compaction to shift, resulting in a great impact on the measurement value, affecting the measurement accuracy, and even causing the soil compaction to be pulled or broken over a large area, making it impossible to measure. In addition, when the seeds emerge, they break through the soil surface in the form of a fulcrum rather than the blade of the cutting head. Therefore, using a cutting head to cut and detect soil compaction does not meet the actual needs.

[0005] Some non-in-situ soil compaction detection devices in the prior art require the soil crust samples to be taken out in advance and placed on the equipment for measurement. This destroys the original structure of the soil, causing the soil samples to be easily damaged during the transfer process, resulting in poor portability of the equipment and soil samples, thereby increasing the detection workload and affecting the accuracy of the data. Summary of the invention

[0006] In response to at least one of the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a soil compaction hardness detection device and detection method, which does not require the earth samples to be taken out in advance and placed in the equipment, thereby avoiding the earth samples from being easily damaged during the transfer process. It has good portability, reduces the detection workload, saves time and effort, improves efficiency, and is conducive to ensuring data accuracy.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A soil compaction hardness detection device, comprising:

[0009] Support frame;

[0010] An outer cover is arranged in a tubular shape with an opening at the bottom; the outer cover is mounted on the support frame;

[0011] A driven mechanism is arranged in the outer cover; the driven mechanism comprises a guide support ring and a rack, the two ends of the guide support ring are connected to the inner wall of the outer cover, and the guide support ring is provided with a guide hole; the rack is vertically arranged in the outer cover and slides through the guide hole;

[0012] The power mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and a gear; the rotating shaft passes through the outer cover transversely, the gear is sleeved on the rotating shaft; the gear is meshed with the rack;

[0013] A pressure sensor connected to the bottom of the rack;

[0014] The puncture probe is arranged at the lower end of the pressure sensor and is used for detecting soil.

[0015] Preferably, the support frame comprises a support base plate and four support columns, the support base plate is provided with through holes for the bottom end of the puncture probe to pass through the through holes; the support columns are evenly distributed and connected between the outer cover and the support base plate.

[0016] Preferably, the outer diameter of the supporting bottom plate is greater than the outer diameter of the bottom of the outer cover, and the supporting column is inclined outward from top to bottom.

[0017] Preferably, an inverted U-shaped handle is provided on the top of the outer cover.

[0018] Preferably, the number of the guide support rings is two and they are distributed from top to bottom.

[0019] Preferably, both ends of the guide support ring are connected to the inner wall of the outer cover through connecting rods respectively.

[0020] Preferably, the pressure sensor is provided with a digital display screen, a mounting hole is provided on the side wall of the outer cover, and the digital display screen is mounted in the mounting hole.

[0021] A soil compaction hardness detection method is implemented based on the above-mentioned soil compaction hardness detection device, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step S1, placing the soil compaction hardness detection device at a measuring point;

[0023] Step S2, rotating the rotating shaft so that the rotating shaft drives the gear to rotate and drives the rack to move downward, so that the rack drives the bottom end of the puncture probe to pass through the bottom opening of the outer cover and contact the soil surface of the measuring point, and at the same time, the pressure sensor starts to sense the pressure value generated by the soil at the measuring point on the puncture probe;

[0024] Step S3, as the puncture probe moves downward, the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor increases; until the soil at the measuring point is compacted and broken, and the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor is stable;

[0025] Step S4: judging the hardness of soil surface compaction according to the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor; the peak pressure value measured by the pressure sensor is the soil compaction hardness.

[0026] Preferably, after step S3, the following steps are performed:

[0027] Step S31, rotate the rotating shaft in the reverse direction so that the rotating shaft drives the gear to rotate in the reverse direction. When the gear rotates, it drives the rack to move upward, so that the rack drives the bottom end of the puncture probe to move upward and break away from the broken soil compaction, so that the reading of the pressure sensor is reset; then change the position of the measuring point, and repeat steps S1 and S3 before proceeding to step S4.

[0028] Preferably, in step S1, the soil compaction hardness detection device is placed at a measuring point by carrying the inverted U-shaped handle on the top of the outer cover;

[0029] In step 2 and step S3, the pressure value is obtained through the digital display screen of the pressure sensor.

[0030] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages:

[0031] 1. The soil compaction hardness detection device provided by the present invention can realize in-situ detection of soil compaction, that is, it is not necessary to take out the soil samples to be measured in advance and place them in the equipment, so as to avoid the soil samples being easily damaged during the transfer process. It is easy to carry and easy to operate, reduces the detection workload, saves time and effort, improves efficiency, and helps to ensure data accuracy. After the soil compaction hardness detection device detects the soil compaction hardness of a measuring point, the soil compaction hardness detection device can be conveniently placed at other measuring points to measure the soil compaction hardness.

[0032] 2. The soil compaction hardness detection device provided by the present invention is different from other blade detection devices. Its detection component is a puncture probe. The data measured by the puncture probe can better reflect the difficulty of crop seedlings emerging from the soil. The puncture probe is replaceable, and its diameter range is 1-10mm. It can simulate the soil-breaking state of crops of various seed sizes, ensuring the versatility of the equipment among different crops.

[0033] 3. The soil compaction hardness detection device provided by the present invention can control the puncture probe to move downward slowly and uniformly by manually rotating the rotating shaft; thereby overcoming the defect of manual downward pressure and other similar downward pressure measuring devices that once the crust is suddenly formed and slightly damaged, the hand pressure cannot be withdrawn in time, resulting in inertia and strong downward pressure, causing inaccurate and unstable values; thereby, it is beneficial to the accuracy and stability of the measurement results.

[0034] 4. The soil compaction hardness detection device provided by the present invention can be provided with a hollow supporting base plate at the bottom; when the detection device is placed at the detection point, damage to the surrounding soil surface is avoided, and damage to the soil compaction at the detection point caused by pulling of the surface is avoided, thereby avoiding affecting data collection.

[0035] 5. The soil compaction hardness detection device provided by the present invention can be equipped with an inverted U-shaped handle on the top of the outer cover to facilitate moving and carrying the detection device and to facilitate in-situ detection of soil compaction hardness.

[0036] 6. The soil compaction hardness detection method provided by the present invention is realized by the detection device provided by the present invention, which is convenient for measuring the soil compaction hardness. When it is detected that the soil compaction hardness reaches the threshold of crop soil topsoil, it is convenient to implement field hoeing and other management measures to promote crop emergence, and provide support for the quantification of crop field soil environmental indicators and field management. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a front view of the external structure of a soil compaction hardness detection device provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a front view of the internal structure of a soil compaction hardness detection device provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a top view of a soil compaction hardness detection device provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of a soil compaction hardness detection method provided by one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of a soil compaction hardness detection method provided by another embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Markings in the accompanying drawings:

[0043] 1. Support base plate, 2. Support column, 3. Outer cover, 4. Connecting rod, 5. Rack, 6. Puncture probe, 7. Pressure sensor, 8. Digital display screen, 9. Gear, 10. Rotating shaft, 11. Inverted U-shaped handle, 12. Support ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the system or component referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. The direction of the arrow in the figure represents the direction of liquid flow.

[0046] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "assembly", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0047] The present invention provides a soil compaction hardness detection device and a detection method. A measuring point is selected in the field, and then the soil compaction hardness detection device is placed at the measuring point. Then, a horizontal rotating shaft is rotated so that a rack drives a puncture probe to move downward. When the puncture probe contacts the surface of the measuring point, a pressure sensor starts to detect the pressure value of the puncture probe. The horizontal rotating shaft is continued to be rotated, and as the rack and the puncture probe move downward, the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor gradually increases. When the puncture probe pierces the soil compaction, the pressure on the pressure sensor decreases. The peak pressure measured by the pressure sensor in the above process is the soil compaction hardness, which is convenient for measuring the soil compaction hardness and provides support for the quantification of soil environmental indicators in crop fields and field management.

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The soil compaction hardness detection device provided in this embodiment includes a support frame, an outer cover 3, a driven mechanism, a power mechanism, a pressure sensor 7 and a puncture probe 6, the outer cover 3 is set to be tubular, and its bottom is open; the outer cover 3 is installed on the support frame; the driven mechanism is arranged in the outer cover 3; the driven mechanism includes a guide support ring 12 and a rack 5, the two ends of the guide support ring 12 are connected to the inner wall of the outer cover 3, and the guide support ring 12 is provided with a guide hole; the rack 5 is vertically arranged in the outer cover 3 and slides through the guide hole; the power mechanism includes a rotating shaft 10 and a gear 9; the rotating shaft 10 passes through the outer cover 3 horizontally, and the gear 9 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 10; the gear 9 is meshed with the rack 5; the pressure sensor 7 is connected to the bottom of the rack 5; the puncture probe 6 is arranged at the lower end of the pressure sensor 7 to detect soil.

[0051] The soil compaction hardness detection device provided in this embodiment has a support frame used to support the outer cover 3, and the interior of the outer cover 3 is used to install the driven mechanism and the power mechanism. The rotating shaft 10 of the power mechanism is used to rotate and drive the gear 9 to rotate, and when the gear 9 rotates, it drives the rack 5 of the driven mechanism to move up and down. The rack 5 passes through the guide hole on the support ring 12 to prevent the rack 5 from swinging left and right during the lifting movement, and ensure that the rack 5 is lifted and lowered under the drive of the gear 9. When the rack 5 moves downward, it drives the puncture probe 6 to move downward to contact and pierce the soil compaction, so that the pressure on the puncture probe 6 is sensed by the pressure sensor 7 to measure the soil compaction hardness.

[0052] The outer cover 3 is configured as a vertical tube. The guide support ring 12 is configured as a transverse ring. The rack 5 is configured as a vertical direction. The rotating shaft 10 is configured as a transverse shaft. The gear 9 is a circular gear. An axial hole is provided at the center of the gear 9, and the rotating shaft 10 is connected to the axial hole.

[0053] At least one through hole is formed on the side wall of the outer cover 3, and at least one end of the rotating shaft 10 extends out of the outer cover 3 through the through hole. For example, one through hole is formed on the side walls of the outer cover 3 on opposite sides, and both ends of the rotating shaft 10 pass through the two through holes and extend out of the outer cover 3.

[0054] The puncture probe 6 is arranged vertically. The bottom end of the puncture probe 6 can be arranged in a pointed shape. The cross section of the puncture probe 6 can be circular, and the cross section diameter can be 0.1-1 cm.

[0055] The pressure sensor 7 is connected between the rack 5 and the puncture probe 6 .

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, specifically, the support frame includes a support base plate 1 and four support columns 2. The support base plate 1 is provided with a through hole for the bottom end of the puncture probe 6 to pass through the through hole; the support columns 2 are evenly distributed and connected between the outer cover 3 and the support base plate 1.

[0057] The support base plate 1 can be set as a horizontal plate, and a circular through hole can be opened in the center, so that the support base plate 1 forms a hollow plate structure. The four support columns 2 are used to support the outer cover 3. The outer cover 3 can be set as a vertical square tube. The upper ends of the four support columns 2 can be connected to the four corners of the bottom end of the outer cover 3 respectively. The vertical central axes of the outer cover 3, the support base plate 1 and its through hole coincide.

[0058] Specifically, the outer diameter of the support base plate 1 is greater than the bottom outer diameter of the outer cover 3, and the support column 2 is inclined outward from top to bottom.

[0059] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, specifically, an inverted U-shaped handle 11 is provided on the top of the outer cover 3 .

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, specifically, two guide support rings 12 are provided and are distributed from top to bottom.

[0061] Specifically, both ends of the guide support ring 12 are connected to the inner wall of the outer cover 3 through connecting rods 4 respectively.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the pressure sensor 7 is provided with a digital display screen 8, a mounting hole is provided on the side wall of the outer cover 3, and the digital display screen 8 is installed in the mounting hole.

[0063] The pressure sensor 7 may be a prior art product with a digital display screen 8. The digital display screen 8 may display the peak pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 7 during the measurement process. The outer cover 3 may be a non-transparent structure.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The soil compaction hardness detection method provided in this embodiment is implemented based on the soil compaction hardness detection device as described in Example 1, and includes the following steps:

[0066] Step S1, placing a soil compaction hardness detection device at a measuring point;

[0067] Step S2, rotating the rotating shaft 10, so that the rotating shaft 10 drives the gear 9 to rotate, and drives the rack 5 to move downward, so that the rack 5 drives the bottom end of the puncture probe 6 to pass through the bottom opening of the outer cover 3 and contact the soil surface of the measuring point, and at the same time, the pressure sensor 7 starts to sense the pressure value generated by the soil at the measuring point on the puncture probe 6;

[0068] Step S3: As the puncture probe 6 moves downward, the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor 7 increases until the soil at the measuring point is compacted and broken, and the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor 7 stabilizes;

[0069] Step S4, judging the hardness of the soil surface layer according to the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor 7; the peak pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 7 is the soil hardness.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 and Figure 5 The soil compaction hardness detection method provided in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 2, except that after step S3, the following steps are performed:

[0072] Step S31, rotate the rotating shaft 10 in the reverse direction, so that the rotating shaft 10 drives the gear 9 to rotate in the reverse direction. When the gear 9 rotates, it drives the rack 5 to move upward, so that the rack 5 drives the bottom end of the puncture probe 6 to move upward and break away from the broken soil compaction, so that the reading of the pressure sensor 7 is reset; then change the position of the measuring point, and repeat steps S1 and S3, and then proceed to step S4.

[0073] Specifically, in step S1, the soil compaction hardness detection device is placed at the measuring point by using the inverted U-shaped handle 11 on the top of the hand-held outer cover 3;

[0074] In step 2 and step S3, the pressure value is obtained through the digital display screen 8 of the pressure sensor 7.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil compaction hardness detection device, characterized in that: include: Support frame; The outer cover (3) is arranged in a tubular shape and has an opening at the bottom; The outer cover (3) is mounted on the support frame; A driven mechanism is arranged in the outer cover (3); the driven mechanism comprises a guide support ring (12) and a rack (5); both ends of the guide support ring (12) are connected to the inner wall of the outer cover (3); the guide support ring (12) is provided with a guide hole; the rack (5) is vertically arranged in the outer cover (3) and slides through the guide hole; The power mechanism comprises a rotating shaft (10) and a gear (9); the rotating shaft (10) passes through the outer cover (3) transversely, and the gear (9) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (10); the gear (9) is meshed with the rack (5); A pressure sensor (7) connected to the bottom of the rack (5); The puncture probe (6) is arranged at the lower end of the pressure sensor (7) and is used to detect soil.

2. The soil compaction hardness detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame comprises a support base plate (1) and four support columns (2); the support base plate (1) is provided with a through hole for the bottom end of the puncture probe (6) to pass through the through hole; the support columns (2) are evenly distributed and connected between the outer cover (3) and the support base plate (1).

3. The soil compaction hardness detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the supporting base plate (1) is greater than the outer diameter of the bottom of the outer cover (3), and the supporting column (2) is inclined outward from top to bottom.

4. The soil compaction hardness detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inverted U-shaped handle (11) is provided on the top of the outer cover (3).

5. The soil compaction hardness detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of guide support rings (12) is two and they are distributed from top to bottom.

6. The soil compaction hardness detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the guide support ring (12) are connected to the inner wall of the outer cover (3) via connecting rods (4) respectively.

7. The soil compaction hardness detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The pressure sensor (7) is provided with a digital display screen (8), a mounting hole is provided on the side wall of the outer cover (3), and the digital display screen (8) is mounted in the mounting hole.

8. A method for detecting soil compaction hardness, characterized in that: The soil compaction hardness detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented, comprising the following steps: Step S1, placing the soil compaction hardness detection device at a measuring point; Step S2, rotating the rotating shaft (10) so that the rotating shaft (10) drives the gear (9) to rotate and drives the rack (5) to move downward, so that the rack (5) drives the bottom end of the puncture probe (6) to pass through the bottom opening of the outer cover (3) and contact the soil surface at the measuring point, and at the same time, the pressure sensor (7) starts to sense the pressure value generated by the soil at the measuring point on the puncture probe (6); Step S3, as the puncture probe (6) moves downward, the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor (7) increases; until the soil at the measuring point is compacted and broken, and the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor (7) stabilizes; Step S4: judging the hardness of the soil surface layer compaction according to the pressure value sensed by the pressure sensor (7); the peak pressure value measured by the pressure sensor (7) is the soil compaction hardness.

9. The soil compaction hardness detection method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After step S3, the following steps are performed: Step S31, rotate the rotating shaft (10) in the reverse direction, so that the rotating shaft (10) drives the gear (9) to rotate in the reverse direction, and the gear (9) drives the rack (5) to move upward when rotating, so that the rack (5) drives the bottom end of the puncture probe (6) to move upward and break away from the broken soil compaction, so that the reading of the pressure sensor (7) is reset; then change the position of the measuring point, and repeat steps S1 and S3, and then proceed to step S4.

10. The soil compaction hardness detection method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: In step S1, the soil compaction hardness detection device is placed at a measuring point by holding the inverted U-shaped handle (11) on the top of the outer cover (3); In step 2 and step S3, the pressure value is obtained through the digital display screen (8) of the pressure sensor (7).

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