Antenna sensor and antenna sensing system based on square ring wave-absorbing metasurface
By adopting an antenna sensor based on the square ring wave-absorbing metasurface in structural health monitoring, using the square ring wave-absorbing mechanism and high-loss dielectric substrate, the problems of strong signal interference, close wireless reading distance and low measurement accuracy are solved, and a longer wireless inquiry distance and higher measurement accuracy are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411920829.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
The antenna sensors in existing structural health monitoring have problems such as strong signal interference, close wireless reading distance, and low measurement accuracy.
An antenna sensor based on the square ring wave absorbing metasurface is adopted to reduce signal scattering through the square ring wave absorbing mechanism, and wireless sensing is performed using structural reflected signals, which improves the longest distance of wireless inquiries, and reduces the backscattering signal intensity through a high-loss dielectric substrate.
It improves the longest distance of wireless inquiry, reduces signal interference, improves measurement accuracy, simplifies the layout of the sensing system, and reduces costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN119757409A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna sensors, and in particular to an antenna sensor and an antenna sensing system based on a square ring wave-absorbing metasurface. Background Art
[0002] During long-term use, civil engineering structures often degrade due to the influence of external environment and load factors, resulting in stress deformation and cracking, which poses a hidden danger to the safe and reliable operation of the structure, and even causes structural damage and failure in serious cases. Therefore, during the entire life cycle of the structure, it is necessary to monitor the physical quantities related to the structural state (displacement, strain, acceleration, etc.) in order to timely understand the service status of the structure and ensure the safe and reliable use of the structure.
[0003] At present, sensing technologies and sensors used for structural health monitoring are developing rapidly, such as different forms of sensors based on piezoelectric impedance, acoustic emission, optical fiber and other sensing technologies. These sensors usually have the advantages of high resolution and good stability, but most of them still require continuous power supply and use wired methods to transmit collected signals, which will lead to complex wiring of the monitoring system, time-consuming and labor-intensive installation, high cost and difficult maintenance. Current passive wireless sensors based on patch antennas often face self-interference in wireless reading, that is, the reflected signal strength of the structure where the sensor is deployed is much greater than the antenna backscattered signal strength, which seriously affects the wireless reading distance and measurement accuracy of the sensor.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sensor with low signal interference, long wireless reading distance and high measurement accuracy for structural monitoring. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art such as strong signal interference, short reading distance and low accuracy and to provide an antenna sensor and antenna sensing system based on a square ring absorbing metasurface.
[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
[0007] An antenna sensor based on a square ring absorbing metasurface comprises a first component, a second component and a third component. The detection surface of the first component is arranged in contact with the detection surface of the second component. The detection surface of the first component is a first U-shaped resonant ring array, and the detection surface of the second component is a second U-shaped resonant ring array corresponding to the first U-shaped resonant ring array. The first U-shaped resonant ring array and the second U-shaped resonant ring array are in staggered contact to form a square ring. The supporting surface of the first component is connected to one end of a structure to be measured, and the supporting surface of the second component is connected to the other end of the structure to be measured through the third component.
[0008] Furthermore, the first component includes a first dielectric substrate, a first U-shaped resonant ring array and a ground plane. The first U-shaped resonant ring array is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate, and the other side is connected to the ground plane. The ground plane is structurally connected to one side of the gap to be measured.
[0009] Furthermore, the second component includes a second dielectric substrate and a second U-shaped resonant ring array. The second U-shaped resonant ring array is disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate, and the other side is connected to the third component.
[0010] Furthermore, the third component is a rigid connection member, and the third component is rigidly connected to the supporting surface of the second component.
[0011] Furthermore, the first component includes a first dielectric substrate, the second component includes a second dielectric substrate, and the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are FR4 dielectric substrates.
[0012] Furthermore, the first U-shaped resonant ring array and the second U-shaped resonant ring array are both made of copper.
[0013] The second aspect of the present invention is an antenna sensing system based on a square ring absorbing metasurface, including any of the above antenna sensors based on a square ring absorbing metasurface, and also including a reader, the reader sends a modulated electromagnetic wave signal to the antenna sensor, and the reader receives a structure reflection signal reflected by the surface of the structure to be measured.
[0014] Furthermore, the reader includes a wireless transceiver module, a control module, a modulation and demodulation module and a digital processing module. The control module is connected to the wireless transceiver module to control the generation of the modulated electromagnetic wave signal. The modulation and demodulation module is connected to the wireless transceiver module to demodulate the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor from the structure reflection signal. The digital processing module is connected to the modulation and demodulation module to calculate the crack width information based on the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor.
[0015] Furthermore, the digital processing module obtains the resonance frequency of the antenna sensor through the signal frequency corresponding to the lowest point of the amplitude of the structure reflection signal reflected by the surface of the structure to be measured.
[0016] Furthermore, the control module is used to control the reader and transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals of multiple frequencies to the antenna sensor.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] 1) When the structure to be measured produces a fracture separation displacement, a relative displacement occurs between the two detection surfaces, so that the width of the square ring changes, and the resonant frequency of the square ring changes. The signal scattering at the resonant frequency is reduced through the wave absorption mechanism of the square ring, and the structure reflection signal is used to sense the monitoring variable. The structure reflection signal is received to calculate the gap width, so as to increase the maximum distance of wireless inquiry.
[0019] 2) The present invention reduces the backscattering signal intensity of the antenna sensor through a high-loss dielectric substrate, so that the structural reflection signal intensity of the structure to be measured is significantly higher than the backscattering signal intensity of the antenna sensor, thereby reducing signal interference and improving measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first component of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second component of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third component of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sensing system of the present invention;
[0025] Markings in the figure: 1. first dielectric substrate, 2. first U-shaped resonant ring array, 3. ground plane, 4. second dielectric substrate, 5. second U-shaped resonant ring array, 6. rigid connecting member, 7. structure to be measured, 8. reader. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] The present invention proposes an antenna sensor based on a square ring absorbing metasurface, which utilizes the square ring's absorbing mechanism to encode monitoring information in the amplitude of a structure reflection signal, and utilizes the structure reflection signal for wireless sensing, thereby avoiding the interference of structure reflection on the backscattered signal of the antenna sensor, and can significantly increase the maximum distance of the sensor's wireless inquiry.
[0029] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention is an antenna sensor based on a square ring absorbing metasurface, comprising a first component, a second component and a third component. The detection surface of the first component and the detection surface of the second component are arranged in contact with each other. The detection surface of the first component is a first U-shaped resonant ring array 2, and the detection surface of the second component is a second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 corresponding to the first U-shaped resonant ring array 2. The first U-shaped resonant ring array 2 and the second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 are in staggered contact to form a square ring. The supporting surface of the first component is connected to one end of the structure to be measured 7, and the supporting surface of the second component is connected to the other end of the structure to be measured 7 through the third component.
[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the first component includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a first U-shaped resonant ring array 2 and a ground plane 3. The first U-shaped resonant ring array 2 is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate 1, and the other side is connected to the ground plane 3. The ground plane 3 is connected to a side structure of the gap to be measured.
[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, the second component includes a second dielectric substrate 4 and a second U-shaped resonant ring array 5. The second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 is disposed on one side of the second dielectric substrate 4, and the other side is connected to the third component.
[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, the third component is a rigid connection member 6, and the third component is rigidly connected to the supporting surface of the second component.
[0033] The second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 is closely fitted with the first U-shaped resonant ring array 2, and the upper and lower parts overlap to form a short circuit, forming a combined square ring array, and the second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 below the second dielectric substrate 4 and the first U-shaped resonant ring array 2 above the first dielectric substrate 1 can be mutually shifted. In addition, the second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 below the second dielectric substrate 4 and the first U-shaped resonant ring array 2 above the first dielectric substrate 1 have the same width.
[0034] When the antenna sensor receives the inquiry signal, the square ring array will produce electromagnetic resonance, absorbing the signal consistent with the resonant frequency of the square ring, while the other frequency signals will not be affected and will be reflected by the structure to be measured 7. The gap width can be obtained by receiving and solving the structural reflection signal of the structure to be measured 7.
[0035] In some embodiments, the rigid connection member 6 and the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 4 are rigidly connected, and the two keep moving synchronously. The first U-shaped resonant ring array 2 and the second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 are both made of copper, and the dielectric substrate 1 and the dielectric substrate 4 are both made of FR4 dielectric substrate. This dielectric substrate has high loss and can absorb the scattered signal of the square ring to avoid the interference of the scattered signal on the structural reflection signal. The rigid connection member 6 is made of a rigid material with a dielectric constant close to 1 to reduce the impact on the electromagnetic field of the antenna formed by the first component and the second component.
[0036] The second dielectric substrate 4 is connected to the structural surface 7 by a rigid connection member 6 on the side of the crack away from the first dielectric substrate 1. The first component and the rigid connection member 6 are attached to the structural surface. When the crack on the structural surface expands, relative displacement occurs between the first component and the second component and the third component, so that the second U-shaped resonant ring array 5 below the second dielectric substrate 4 and the first U-shaped resonant ring array 2 above the first dielectric substrate 1 are mutually displaced, thereby causing the overall length of the square ring to change, thereby changing its resonant frequency. In other words, the resonant frequency of the square ring is related to the overlap length between the two U-shaped resonant ring arrays. When the overlap length increases, the resonant frequency increases; when the overlap length decreases, the resonant frequency decreases.
[0037] Example 2
[0038] On the basis of Example 1, the present invention further proposes an antenna sensing system based on a square ring absorbing metasurface, including the sensor and reader 8 proposed in Example 1. The reader 8 includes a wireless transceiver module, a control module, a modulation and demodulation module and a digital processing module. The control module is connected to the wireless transceiver module to control the generation of the modulated electromagnetic wave signal. The modulation and demodulation module is connected to the wireless transceiver module to demodulate the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor from the structural reflection signal. The digital processing module is connected to the modulation and demodulation module to calculate the crack width information based on the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor. The wireless transceiver module and the modulation and demodulation module are both commonly known technologies in the field, and the existing modulation and demodulation modules and digital processing modules can be used. The structural diagram of the antenna sensing system is shown in FIG. Figure 5 shown.
[0039] The control module is used to control the reader 8 of the monitoring sensor system and transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies to the sensor. When the signal received by the sensor matches the resonant frequency of the square ring, the square ring will undergo electromagnetic resonance to absorb the energy of the corresponding electromagnetic wave, and the remaining frequency signals will not be affected and will be reflected back to the reader by the ground plane and the structure surface. The modulation and demodulation module of the reader can extract the resonant frequency of the sensor from the received reflection signal, and further calculate the crack width to realize wireless monitoring of the expansion of structural cracks.
[0040] When the antenna sensor receives the interrogation signal, i.e., the modulated electromagnetic wave signal, the square ring array will undergo electromagnetic resonance, absorbing the signal consistent with the resonant frequency of the square ring, while the other frequency signals will not be affected and will be reflected back to the reader 8 by the structure to be measured 7. Therefore, the structure reflection signal received by the reader 8 will show an amplitude modulation phenomenon related to the resonant frequency of the square ring. The signal amplitude corresponds to the resonant frequency of the square ring.
[0041] In the present invention, the resonance characteristics of the combined square ring are applied. The short-circuited U-shaped resonant ring array and the U-shaped resonant ring array in the sensor together constitute a resonant system. When the components move relative to each other, the overall length of the square ring changes, thereby causing the change of its resonant frequency.
[0042] The sensor of the present invention adopts a wireless feeding method. The sensor can receive the inquiry signal from the reader, and the square ring generates electromagnetic resonance to absorb the signal at its resonant frequency, and then the remaining frequency signal is reflected back to the reader by the ground plane and the surface of the structure. The amplitude modulation of the reflected signal is used to sense the monitoring information, which cleverly avoids the interference of the structural reflection signal on the backscattered signal of the antenna sensor, and improves the wireless reading distance of the sensing system. The present invention establishes a connection between the deformation state of the structure and the resonant frequency of the sensor, which causes amplitude modulation in the echo signal.
[0043] The present invention transmits information through electromagnetic waves, without the need for cables, making the sensor system simpler, more flexible in layout, and less likely to fail in natural disasters. By providing energy through electromagnetic waves, there is no need for power cords or batteries to provide energy for the sensor system, which greatly reduces the labor required for sensor installation and the cost of the sensor system. The present invention is based on a stress-free combined patch antenna, which can avoid the influence of shear lag and strain transfer efficiency during structural deformation monitoring, making the measurement results more accurate.
[0044] The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. It should be understood that a person skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention without creative work. Therefore, any technical solution that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims
1. An antenna sensor based on a square ring absorbing metasurface, characterized in that: The invention comprises a first component, a second component and a third component, wherein the detection surface of the first component is arranged in contact with the detection surface of the second component, the detection surface of the first component is a first U-shaped resonant ring array (2), the detection surface of the second component is a second U-shaped resonant ring array (5) corresponding to the first U-shaped resonant ring array (2), the first U-shaped resonant ring array (2) and the second U-shaped resonant ring array (5) are in staggered contact to form a square ring, the support surface of the first component is connected to one end of a structure to be measured (7), and the support surface of the second component is connected to the other end of the structure to be measured (7) through the third component.
2. The antenna sensor based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first component comprises a first dielectric substrate (1), a first U-shaped resonant ring array (2) and a ground plane (3); the first U-shaped resonant ring array (2) is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate (1), and the other side is connected to the ground plane (3); the ground plane (3) is structurally connected to one side of the gap to be measured.
3. The antenna sensor based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second component comprises a second dielectric substrate (4) and a second U-shaped resonant ring array (5); the second U-shaped resonant ring array (5) is arranged on one side of the second dielectric substrate (4), and the other side is connected to the third component.
4. The antenna sensor based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The third component is a rigid connection member (6), and the third component is rigidly connected to the support surface of the second component.
5. The antenna sensor based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first component comprises a first dielectric substrate (1), and the second component comprises a second dielectric substrate (4). The first dielectric substrate (1) and the second dielectric substrate (4) are FR4 dielectric substrates.
6. The antenna sensor based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first U-shaped resonant ring array (2) and the second U-shaped resonant ring array (5) are both made of copper.
7. An antenna sensing system based on a square ring absorbing metasurface, characterized in that: It comprises an antenna sensor based on a square ring absorbing metasurface as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and also comprises a reader (8), wherein the reader (8) sends a modulated electromagnetic wave signal to the antenna sensor, and the reader (8) receives a structural reflection signal reflected by the surface of the structure to be measured (7).
8. The antenna sensing system based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The reader (8) comprises a wireless transceiver module, a control module, a modulation and demodulation module and a digital processing module. The control module is connected to the wireless transceiver module to control the generation of modulated electromagnetic wave signals. The modulation and demodulation module is connected to the wireless transceiver module to demodulate the structure reflection signal to obtain the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor. The digital processing module is connected to the modulation and demodulation module to calculate the crack width information based on the resonant frequency of the antenna sensor.
9. The antenna sensing system based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 8, characterized in that: The digital processing module obtains the resonance frequency of the antenna sensor through the signal frequency corresponding to the lowest point of the amplitude of the structure reflection signal reflected by the surface of the structure to be measured (7).
10. The antenna sensing system based on the square ring absorbing metasurface according to claim 8, characterized in that: The control module is used to control the reader (8) and transmit modulated electromagnetic wave signals of multiple frequencies to the antenna sensor.