Fault zone groundwater migration dynamic monitoring method and acquisition device

Abstract

A fault zone underground water migration dynamic monitoring method comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring geological information, rock stratum physical and mechanical properties and fault zone morphological characteristics of a to-be-monitored area; 2, drilling holes in the periphery of a fault zone and a tunnel construction area, arranging a fault groundwater data acquisition device, acquiring hydrological data in real time, establishing a three-dimensional visual platform by utilizing detected geological and hydrological information, and monitoring the hydrological information in real time; 3, according to the geological parameters obtained through detection, a fine numerical simulation model is established through numerical analysis software; 4, the monitoring center judges the water flow state and the early warning level through three data values, namely the safety threshold value S, the limit threshold value W and the measured value A. The invention further provides a fault underground water data acquisition device. Based on the Internet of Things technology, underground water flow velocity, flow, water level and other characteristics of a fault zone are collected in real time, a model is established, the collection frequency is dynamically adjusted, and an early warning mechanism is established according to a numerical simulation result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of fault zone groundwater monitoring, and relates to a fault zone groundwater movement dynamics monitoring method and a collection device. Background Art

[0002] In tunnel engineering, when crossing complex geological conditions, fault zones are often an important factor affecting construction safety and groundwater flow. Fault zones are usually accompanied by significant hydrological changes, especially in areas with abundant groundwater. When tunnel excavation encounters faults, a large amount of groundwater may flow into the tunnel. This sudden water influx poses a great threat to construction safety and may even cause accidents such as equipment soaking and tunnel collapse. These sudden groundwater flow phenomena not only affect the construction progress and increase the difficulty of the project, but may also bring safety risks. Therefore, accurate monitoring of groundwater migration in fault zones, especially groundwater flow and changes during tunnel construction, is crucial to ensuring construction safety, optimizing construction plans, and protecting the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0003] In tunnel engineering, it mainly relies on local water level sensors, flow meters and other equipment, and there is no good bottom hole sensor fixing device. At the same time, traditional groundwater monitoring methods have problems such as incomplete spatial coverage, delayed response, poor early warning capabilities, and insufficient data analysis. The existing monitoring scheme requires a large number of monitoring sensors and cannot adjust the monitoring frequency in real time. At the same time, the early warning mechanism mainly relies on experience judgment and lacks effective real-time data processing and analysis tools. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a method and a collection device for dynamically monitoring the movement of groundwater in a fault zone. Based on the Internet of Things technology, the flow velocity, flow rate, water level and other characteristics of groundwater in the fault zone are collected in real time, a model is established, the collection frequency is dynamically adjusted, and an early warning mechanism is established according to the numerical simulation results.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] A method for monitoring the dynamic movement of underground water in a fault zone comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Obtain geological information, physical and mechanical properties of rock formations and morphological characteristics of fault zones in the area to be monitored;

[0008] Step 2: Drill holes around the fault zone and the tunnel construction area, arrange fault groundwater data acquisition devices, collect hydrological data in real time, and use the geological and hydrological information obtained from the detection to establish a three-dimensional visualization platform to monitor the hydrological information in real time;

[0009] Step 3: Based on the geological parameters obtained from the detection, a fine numerical simulation model is established using numerical analysis software; the inflow and outflow conditions measured in the actual project, the topography, water level and flow characteristics of the boundary area are set to ensure that the model is close to the real environment; in the fault or tunnel area, the fracture or fault area is refined using a fine grid, and the hydraulic field characteristics of the monitoring area are analyzed through the numerical simulation calculation results;

[0010] Step 4: The monitoring center uses three data values ​​to determine the water flow status and warning level, namely the safety threshold S, the limit threshold W and the measurement value A. The safety threshold S is determined by analyzing the water flow velocity and water level position after excavation by using numerical simulation before tunnel excavation; the limit threshold W is determined by adding extreme conditions to the numerical simulation and simulating the response of water level and flow velocity under extreme conditions. The limit threshold W is greater than the safety threshold S; the measurement value A is the water flow data monitored in real time by the monitoring center.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, geological drilling, seismic wave method, transient electromagnetic method or geological radar method are used to obtain geological information of the area to be monitored, physical and mechanical properties of rock formations and morphological characteristics of fault zones.

[0012] The geological drilling process is as follows: according to the tunnel design and the preliminary geological survey results, key points (such as near faults or areas with significant changes in surrounding rocks) are selected for hole layout, and vertical or inclined boreholes are arranged; core samples are obtained through drilling to analyze their mineral composition, fracture characteristics and rock mechanical parameters; during the drilling process, the groundwater development and weak structural surface characteristics are inferred based on the rock powder water output, drilling speed and torque changes; water pressure tests and acoustic wave tests are carried out on the boreholes to quantify the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass.

[0013] The process of the seismic wave method is as follows: arrange seismic wave excitation devices and receivers on the tunnel face to excite artificial seismic waves; use the receivers to record seismic wave reflection and refraction signals. Faults, fracture zones and weak rock formations will show abnormalities due to reduced wave velocity and changes in reflection characteristics; identify the spatial position and morphology of faults, caves and other abnormal geological bodies through comprehensive analysis of velocity profiles and reflection section images; compare with drilling results to verify the accuracy of abnormal areas and optimize drilling locations.

[0014] The process of the transient electromagnetic method is as follows: an excitation coil is placed on the tunnel surface to generate a transient electromagnetic field through a pulse current; the attenuation signal of the induced electromagnetic field is recorded by a receiving coil to reflect the conductivity of the underground rock formation; low resistivity areas usually represent water-bearing structures, fault zones or rich mineral areas, and a three-dimensional resistivity distribution map is obtained through inversion; low-resistance areas are analyzed in combination with the tunnel geological model to confirm the fault location and water-bearing characteristics.

[0015] The process of the geological radar method is as follows: drag or fix the antenna near the tunnel face to emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves; record the echo signal reflected by the electromagnetic waves at the interface of the rock formation, and different medium interfaces will produce strong reflections; analyze the waveform reflection intensity and arrival time through the time profile diagram to infer the interface changes of the rock formation and the location of cracks and faults; combine the drilling data and the results of other methods to evaluate and calibrate the accuracy of geological radar detection.

[0016] In step 2, the fault groundwater data acquisition device includes a data acquisition device, a microcontroller, a memory card and a power supply. The data acquisition device is responsible for measuring hydrological data such as flow velocity and water level; the microcontroller is responsible for data acquisition and actively controlling the measurement frequency. The microcontroller has a built-in wireless communication module, and the data can be directly wirelessly transmitted to the monitoring center through NB-IoT communication technology; the memory card is used to temporarily store data when the network is disconnected to ensure that the data is not lost. The data acquisition device and the microcontroller are connected to the power supply.

[0017] Preferably, the power supply is equipped with a solar panel for charging to extend the battery life, which is suitable for long-term monitoring in the field.

[0018] In step 3, the analysis of the hydraulic field characteristics of the monitoring area includes: water flow path analysis, showing the main flow path, velocity distribution and flow size of groundwater, judging whether the fault and fracture zone become the main water conduction path; seepage pressure distribution, drawing water head contour map, analyzing the distribution of groundwater pressure in different areas, identifying possible high permeability areas and potential water gushing risks; dynamic changes in groundwater level, comparing water level changes before and after excavation, identifying possible water gushing points and seepage ranges, judging the changing trend of groundwater level near the tunnel, and comparing with historical observation data, calibrating model parameters, and ensuring the accuracy of numerical simulation.

[0019] In step 4, when A≤S, it is a normal state, and the system maintains low-frequency monitoring; when S<A≤70%W, it is a third-level warning, the system issues a warning signal, and increases the frequency of data collection; when the actual measurement value reaches 70%<A≤80%W, it is a second-level warning, and the system further increases the frequency of data collection; when the actual measurement value reaches 80%W<A, it is a first-level warning, and an emergency warning is activated to notify relevant management personnel and protective measures. This is the preferred solution, and other warning registration divisions can also be performed according to different situations.

[0020] Preferably, the monitoring center automatically adjusts the monitoring frequency of the monitoring device through remote control. In non-construction periods or periods when the hydraulic field data is normal, the monitoring frequency is once / 24h, when the third-level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 12h, when the second-level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 6h, and when the first-level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 2h.

[0021] A groundwater data acquisition device for the fault zone groundwater movement dynamic monitoring method, the fault groundwater data acquisition device includes a data collector, a microcontroller, a memory card and a power supply, the data collector is responsible for measuring hydrological data such as flow rate and water level; the microcontroller is responsible for data acquisition and actively controlling the measurement frequency, the microcontroller has a built-in wireless communication module, and the data can be directly wirelessly transmitted to a monitoring center through NB-IoT communication technology; the memory card is used to temporarily store data when the network is disconnected to ensure that the data is not lost, and the data acquisition and microcontroller are connected to the power supply.

[0022] The data collector includes a protective cover, a telescopic rod, a micro motor, a sensor and a fixing device. The sensor is fixed on the telescopic rod. The micro motor is connected to the telescopic rod through a gear. The lower end of the telescopic rod is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface contacts a slider in the fixing device.

[0023] Preferably, the fixing device comprises a sliding tube, a slider, a spring and a support rod, the slider, the spring and the support rod are located inside the sliding tube, and the slider and the support rod are connected by the spring.

[0024] Preferably, the power source is connected to a solar panel.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in:

[0026] 1. It is real-time and comprehensive, based on real-time data collection of the IoT sensor network, covering multi-dimensional data of complex areas in fault zones, and providing comprehensive groundwater migration monitoring information.

[0027] 2. The monitoring frequency can be adjusted dynamically. The monitoring center can dynamically adjust the frequency of data collection and upload based on early warning results, equipment status, environmental changes and other factors to save electricity and extend equipment life. For areas and time periods with higher risks, the monitoring frequency can be increased to obtain data in a more timely manner.

[0028] 3. The data acquisition device of the present invention can effectively fix the sensor at the bottom of the borehole and can adjust the depth of the sensor inserted into the water flow, thereby improving the monitoring accuracy of the sensor.

[0029] 4. The early warning method has high accuracy. The migration law of groundwater in the fault zone is related to the progress of tunnel excavation and other factors such as rainfall, and is difficult to predict. The present invention analyzes the excavation process through a precise numerical simulation model, obtains an accurate dynamic early warning model, and effectively ensures construction safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a flow chart for dynamic monitoring of groundwater movement in fault zones.

[0031] Figure 2It is the measurement point layout diagram.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the fault groundwater data acquisition device.

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the data logger.

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the data collector.

[0035] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the fixture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 6 A method for monitoring the dynamic movement of groundwater in a fault zone comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Use geological drilling, seismic wave method (Tunnel Seismic Prediction, TSP), transient electromagnetic method (Time Domain Electromagnetic Method, TEM), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and other technologies to obtain geological information, physical and mechanical properties of rock formations and morphological characteristics of fault zones in the area to be monitored. Geological drilling: According to the tunnel design and preliminary geological survey results, select key points (such as near faults or areas with significant changes in surrounding rocks) for hole layout, and arrange vertical or inclined boreholes; obtain core samples through drilling, analyze their mineral composition, fracture characteristics and rock mechanical parameters; combine the rock powder water output, drilling speed and torque changes during drilling to infer the development of groundwater and the characteristics of weak structural surfaces; conduct water pressure tests and acoustic wave tests on the boreholes to quantify the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass. Seismic wave method: Arrange seismic wave excitation devices and receivers on the tunnel face to excite artificial seismic waves; use receivers to record seismic wave reflection and refraction signals. Faults, fracture zones and weak rock formations will show abnormalities due to reduced wave velocity and changes in reflection characteristics; the spatial position and morphology of faults, caves and other abnormal geological bodies can be identified through comprehensive analysis of velocity profiles and reflection section images; compared with drilling results, the accuracy of abnormal areas can be verified and the drilling location can be optimized. Transient electromagnetic method: The excitation coil is placed on the tunnel surface, and a transient electromagnetic field is generated by pulse current; the attenuation signal of the induced electromagnetic field is recorded by the receiving coil to reflect the conductivity of the underground rock formation; low resistivity areas usually represent water-bearing structures, fault zones or rich mineral areas, and a three-dimensional resistivity distribution map is obtained by inversion; low-resistance areas are analyzed in combination with the tunnel geological model to confirm the fault location and water-bearing characteristics. Geological radar method: The antenna is dragged or fixed near the face to emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves; the echo signal reflected by the electromagnetic wave at the interface of the rock formation is recorded, and strong reflections will occur at different medium interfaces; the waveform reflection intensity and arrival time are analyzed through the time profile to infer the interface changes of the rock formation and the location of the fractures and faults; the accuracy of geological radar detection is evaluated and calibrated in combination with drilling data and the results of other methods.

[0039] Step 2: Drill holes around the fault zone 2 and the tunnel construction area 3, arrange the fault groundwater data acquisition device 1, and collect hydrological data in real time. The fault groundwater data acquisition device 1 mainly consists of a data collector 4, a microcontroller 5, a memory card 6, a power supply 7, and a solar panel 8. The data collector 4 is responsible for measuring hydrological data such as flow rate and water level; the microcontroller 5 is responsible for data acquisition and actively controls the measurement frequency. The microcontroller has a built-in wireless communication module, and the data can be directly transmitted to the monitoring center wirelessly through the NB-IoT communication technology; the memory card 6 is used to temporarily store data when the network is disconnected to ensure that the data is not lost; the power supply 7 is equipped with a solar panel 8 for charging to extend the battery life, which is suitable for long-term field monitoring. A three-dimensional visualization platform is established using the geological and hydrological information obtained by detection to monitor hydrological information in real time.

[0040] The data collector 4 is the core component. Figure 4 As shown, it is composed of a protective cover 101, a telescopic rod 102, a micro motor 103, a sensor 104 and a fixing device. The sensor 104 is fixed on the telescopic rod, and the micro motor 103 is connected to the telescopic rod 102 through a gear. The lower end of the telescopic rod 102 is an inclined surface, which contacts with a slider 106 in the fixing device. Figure 5 The fixing device is composed of a sliding tube 105, a slider 106, a spring 107 and a support rod 108. The slider 106, the spring 107 and the support rod 108 are located inside the sliding tube 105, and the slider 106 and the support rod 108 are connected by the spring 107. Figure 6 shown.

[0041] When the data acquisition device 4 reaches the bottom of the borehole, the micro motor 103 drives the telescopic rod 102 to move downward, and at the same time, the slider 106 in the fixing device moves outward, and the support rod 108 connected to the spring 107 moves outward and then close to the borehole wall, thereby fixing the telescopic rod 102, so that the sensor 104 on the telescopic rod 102 can measure the water flow data more stably. At the same time, the length of the telescopic rod 102 to be extended downward can be adjusted according to the depth of the fault water flow, so as to set the immersion depth of the sensor 104 according to the demand. When the sensor 104 is damaged or the monitoring is completed, the telescopic rod 102 is adjusted upward, the spring unloads the force 107, and the support rod 108 is loosened from the borehole wall, so that the data acquisition device can be easily taken out.

[0042] Step 3. Use numerical analysis software to establish a fine numerical simulation model based on the geological parameters obtained from the detection. Set the inflow and outflow conditions measured in the actual project, the terrain, water level and flow characteristics of the boundary area to ensure that the model is close to the real environment. In the fault or tunnel area, use fine grids to refine the crack or fault area to improve the calculation accuracy. Through the numerical simulation calculation results, analyze the hydraulic field characteristics of the monitoring area, including: water flow path analysis, showing the main flow path, velocity distribution and flow size of groundwater, and judging whether the fault and fracture zone become the main water conduction path; seepage pressure distribution, draw water head contour map, analyze the distribution of groundwater pressure in different areas, identify possible high permeability areas and potential water inrush risks; dynamic changes in groundwater level, compare water level changes before and after excavation, identify possible water inrush points and seepage ranges, judge the changing trend of groundwater level near the tunnel, and compare with historical observation data, calibrate model parameters, and ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation.

[0043] Step 4: The monitoring center mainly uses three data values ​​to judge the water flow state and warning level, namely the safety threshold S, the limit threshold W and the measurement value A. The safety threshold S is determined by analyzing the water flow velocity and water level position after excavation by using numerical simulation to simulate the excavation before tunnel excavation. The limit threshold W is determined by adding extreme conditions (such as high-intensity precipitation and tunnel fault leakage) to the numerical simulation to simulate the response of water level and flow velocity under extreme conditions. The limit threshold W is usually greater than the safety threshold S. The measurement value A is the water flow data monitored in real time by the monitoring center. When A≤S, it is a normal state, and the system maintains low-frequency monitoring; when S<A≤70%W, it is a third-level warning, the system issues a warning signal, and increases the frequency of data collection; when the actual measurement value reaches 70%<A≤80%W, it is a second-level warning, and the system further increases the frequency of data collection; when the actual measurement value reaches 80%W<A, it is a first-level warning, an emergency warning is initiated, and relevant management personnel and protective measures are notified.

[0044] The monitoring center automatically adjusts the monitoring frequency of the monitoring device through remote control. During non-construction periods or periods when the hydraulic field data is normal, the monitoring frequency is once / 24h, when the third-level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 12h, when the second-level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 6h, and when the first-level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 2h.

[0045] A groundwater data acquisition device for the fault zone groundwater dynamic monitoring method, the fault groundwater data acquisition device comprises a data collector 4, a microcontroller 5, a memory card 6, a power supply 7 and a solar panel 8. The data collector 4 is responsible for measuring hydrological data such as flow velocity and water level; the microcontroller 5 is responsible for data acquisition and active control of the measurement frequency, and the microcontroller has a built-in wireless communication module, which can directly transmit data to the monitoring center wirelessly through the NB-IoT communication technology; the memory card 6 is used to temporarily store data when the network is disconnected to ensure that the data is not lost; the power supply 7 is equipped with a solar panel 8 for charging to extend the battery life, which is suitable for long-term field monitoring.

[0046] The data collector 4 is a core component. Figure 4 As shown, it is composed of a protective cover 101, a telescopic rod 102, a micro motor 103, a sensor 104 and a fixing device. The sensor 104 is fixed on the telescopic rod, and the micro motor 103 is connected to the telescopic rod 102 through a gear. The lower end of the telescopic rod 102 is an inclined surface, which contacts with a slider 106 in the fixing device. Figure 5 The fixing device is composed of a sliding tube 105, a slider 106, a spring 107 and a support rod 108. The slider 106, the spring 107 and the support rod 108 are located inside the sliding tube 105, and the slider 106 and the support rod 108 are connected by the spring 107. Figure 6 shown.

[0047] When the data acquisition device 4 reaches the bottom of the borehole, the micro motor 103 drives the telescopic rod 102 to move downward, and at the same time, the slider 106 in the fixing device moves outward, and the support rod 108 connected to the spring 107 moves outward and then close to the borehole wall, thereby fixing the telescopic rod 102, so that the sensor 104 on the telescopic rod 102 can measure the water flow data more stably. At the same time, the length of the telescopic rod 102 to be extended downward can be adjusted according to the depth of the fault water flow, so as to set the immersion depth of the sensor 104 according to the demand. When the sensor 104 is damaged or the monitoring is completed, the telescopic rod 102 is adjusted upward, the spring unloads the force 107, and the support rod 108 is loosened from the borehole wall, so that the data acquisition device can be easily removed.

[0048] In this embodiment, real-time data collection based on the IoT sensor network covers multi-dimensional data of complex areas in the fault zone, providing comprehensive groundwater movement monitoring information. The monitoring frequency can be adjusted dynamically, and the monitoring center can dynamically adjust the frequency of data collection and upload according to early warning results, equipment status, environmental changes and other factors to save electricity and extend equipment life; for areas and time periods with higher risks, the monitoring frequency is increased to obtain data in a more timely manner. The movement pattern of groundwater in the fault zone is related to the progress of tunnel excavation and many other factors such as rainfall, and is difficult to predict. This embodiment uses a precise numerical simulation model to analyze the excavation process and obtain an accurate dynamic early warning model to effectively ensure construction safety.

[0049] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely enumerations of implementation forms of the inventive concept and are for illustrative purposes only. The protection scope of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the specific forms described in this embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be thought of by ordinary technicians in this field based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the dynamic movement of underground water in a fault zone, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Obtain geological information, physical and mechanical properties of rock formations and morphological characteristics of fault zones in the area to be monitored; Step 2: Drill holes around the fault zone and the tunnel construction area, arrange intelligent monitoring devices, collect hydrological data in real time, and use the geological and hydrological information obtained from the detection to establish a three-dimensional visualization platform to monitor the hydrological information in real time; Step 3: Based on the geological parameters obtained from the detection, a fine numerical simulation model is established using numerical analysis software; the inflow and outflow conditions measured in the actual project, the topography, water level and flow characteristics of the boundary area are set to ensure that the model is close to the real environment; in the fault or tunnel area, the fracture or fault area is refined using a fine grid, and the hydraulic field characteristics of the monitoring area are analyzed through the numerical simulation calculation results; Step 4: The monitoring center uses three data values ​​to determine the water flow status and warning level, namely the safety threshold S, the limit threshold W and the measurement value A. The safety threshold S is determined by analyzing the water flow velocity and water level position after excavation by using numerical simulation before tunnel excavation; the limit threshold W is determined by adding extreme conditions to the numerical simulation and simulating the response of water level and flow velocity under extreme conditions. The limit threshold W is greater than the safety threshold S; the measurement value A is the water flow data monitored in real time by the monitoring center.

2. The method for monitoring the dynamic movement of underground water in a fault zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, geological information of the area to be monitored, physical and mechanical properties of rock formations, and morphological characteristics of fault zones are obtained using geological drilling, seismic wave method, transient electromagnetic method, or geological radar method.

3. The method for monitoring the dynamic movement of underground water in a fault zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The geological drilling process is as follows: according to the tunnel design and preliminary geological survey results, key points are selected for hole arrangement, and vertical or inclined drilling is arranged; core samples are obtained through drilling to analyze their mineral composition, fracture characteristics and rock mechanical parameters; during the drilling process, the groundwater development and weak structural surface characteristics are inferred based on the rock powder water output, drilling speed and torque changes; The boreholes are subjected to water pressure tests, sonic tests, etc. to quantify the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass.

4. The method for monitoring the movement of underground water in a fault zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process of the seismic wave method is as follows: arranging seismic wave excitation devices and receivers on the tunnel face to excite artificial seismic waves; using the receivers to record seismic wave reflection and refraction signals. Faults, fracture zones and weak rock formations will show abnormalities due to reduced wave velocity and changes in reflection characteristics; identifying the spatial position and morphology of faults, caves and other abnormal geological bodies through comprehensive analysis of velocity profiles and reflection section images; and comparing with drilling results to verify the accuracy of abnormal areas and optimize drilling locations.

5. The method for monitoring the dynamic movement of underground water in a fault zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process of the transient electromagnetic method is as follows: placing an excitation coil on the tunnel surface, generating a transient electromagnetic field through a pulse current; recording the attenuation signal of the induced electromagnetic field through a receiving coil to reflect the conductivity of the underground rock formation; Low resistivity areas usually represent water-bearing structures, fault zones or rich mineral areas. The three-dimensional resistivity distribution map is obtained through inversion. The low-resistivity area is analyzed in combination with the tunnel geological model to confirm the fault location and water-bearing characteristics.

6. The method for monitoring the dynamic movement of underground water in a fault zone according to claim 2, characterized in that: The process of the geological radar method is as follows: drag or fix the antenna near the tunnel face to emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves; record the echo signal reflected by the electromagnetic waves at the interface of the rock formation, and different medium interfaces will produce strong reflections; analyze the waveform reflection intensity and arrival time through the time profile diagram to infer the interface changes of the rock formation and the location of cracks and faults; combine the drilling data and the results of other methods to evaluate and calibrate the accuracy of geological radar detection.

7. The method for monitoring underground water movement in a fault zone according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: In step 3, the analysis of the hydraulic field characteristics of the monitoring area includes: water flow path analysis, showing the main flow path, velocity distribution and flow size of groundwater, judging whether the fault and fracture zone become the main water conduction path; seepage pressure distribution, drawing water head contour map, analyzing the distribution of groundwater pressure in different areas, identifying possible high permeability areas and potential water gushing risks; dynamic changes in groundwater level, comparing water level changes before and after excavation, identifying possible water gushing points and seepage ranges, judging the changing trend of groundwater level near the tunnel, and comparing with historical observation data, calibrating model parameters, and ensuring the accuracy of numerical simulation.

8. The method for monitoring the dynamic movement of underground water in a fault zone according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step 4, when A≤S, it is a normal state and the system maintains low-frequency monitoring; when S<A≤70%W, it is a third-level warning, the system issues a warning signal, and increases the frequency of data collection; when the actual measurement value reaches 70%<A≤80%W, it is a second-level warning, and the system further increases the frequency of data collection; When the actual measured value reaches 80% W<A, it is a first-level warning, and an emergency warning is initiated to notify relevant management personnel and protective measures; Preferably, the monitoring center automatically adjusts the monitoring frequency of the monitoring device through remote control. During non-construction periods or periods when the hydraulic field data is normal, the monitoring frequency is once / 24 hours. When the third level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 12 hours. When the second level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 6 hours. When the first level warning is reached, the monitoring frequency is once / 2 hours.

9. A groundwater data acquisition device for implementing the method for monitoring the dynamic movement of groundwater in a fault zone as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fault groundwater data acquisition device includes a data collector, a microcontroller, a memory card and a power supply. The data collector is responsible for measuring flow velocity and water level hydrological data; the microcontroller is responsible for data acquisition and actively controlling the measurement frequency. The microcontroller has a built-in wireless communication module, and data can be directly transmitted wirelessly to a monitoring center through NB-IoT communication technology; the memory card is used to temporarily store data when the network is disconnected to ensure that data is not lost. The data acquisition and microcontroller are connected to the power supply.

10. The groundwater data acquisition device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The data collector comprises a protective cover, a telescopic rod, a micro motor, a sensor and a fixing device, wherein the sensor is fixed on the telescopic rod, the micro motor is connected to the telescopic rod through a gear, the lower end of the telescopic rod is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface contacts a slider in the fixing device; The fixing device comprises a sliding tube, a slider, a spring and a support rod. The slider, the spring and the support rod are located inside the sliding tube, and the slider and the support rod are connected by the spring.

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