A method and system for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for dynamically monitoring and regulating the carbon emission flow of a multi-energy complementary system, which belongs to the technical field of energy system operation management and environmental protection. The method and system are used to analyze the operating data of each device in the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end to obtain the current carbon emission flow, and dynamically monitor and display the carbon emission flow in real time according to the flow direction characteristics and distribution characteristics of the current carbon emission flow, and then predict the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system, formulate a carbon emission flow regulation strategy based on the prediction result, monitor the system carbon emissions when executing the strategy, and adjust the regulation strategy in real time to ensure that the system does not deviate from the preset regulation target during execution. The overall characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system and the mutual influence between each part are taken into consideration, the regulation effect is improved, the precise control of carbon emissions is achieved, and it also adapts to the constantly changing working conditions and external environment during the operation of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy system operation management and environmental protection, and in particular to a method and system for dynamically monitoring and regulating carbon emission flows of a multi-energy complementary system. Background Art

[0002] Traditional carbon emission monitoring methods are mostly based on static calculations, which make it difficult to track the dynamic changes in carbon emissions caused by the complex energy conversion and transmission process in the multi-energy complementary system in real time. Since the multi-energy complementary system involves the coordinated operation of multiple energy forms (such as electricity, heat, natural gas, etc.), and the energy subsystems are coupled with each other, traditional methods cannot accurately obtain the real-time distribution of carbon emission flows on different energy media, equipment and time scales, resulting in the inability to timely discover carbon emission anomalies and potential optimization space.

[0003] In terms of regulation, there is a lack of systematic and flexible strategies. Existing regulation methods are often isolated and targeted at a certain energy subsystem or equipment, without fully considering the overall characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system and the mutual influence between its parts. This makes the regulation effect limited, making it difficult to achieve precise control of carbon emissions, and unable to adapt to the changing working conditions and external environment during system operation. For example, when energy supply is tight or renewable energy fluctuates greatly, the existing regulation strategy cannot respond quickly and effectively to balance the relationship between energy supply and carbon emission reduction. With the advancement of the construction of new power systems, the requirements for low-carbon and intelligent operation of multi-energy complementary systems are increasing. There is an urgent need for an innovative method and system to achieve dynamic monitoring and precise regulation of carbon emissions to meet the dual needs of energy sustainable development and environmental protection.

[0004] Chinese patent, publication number: CN119180452A, publication date: December 24, 2024, discloses a scheduling method for carbon emission flows in a power system, by constructing a system operation cost function, system operation constraints and carbon emission flow model of a target power system according to the power consumption information of a target power system, other load power, energy storage carbon emission information of energy storage equipment, cluster operation power, charging and discharging power, carbon trading information, charging mode selection model, cluster carbon emission information of an electric vehicle cluster, equipment operation power, operation cost information, and power generation carbon emission information of a power generation equipment; according to the system operation cost function, system operation constraints and carbon emission flow model, a first carbon emission flow of power generation equipment and a second carbon emission flow of electric vehicles in the target power system are determined; according to the first carbon emission flow and the second carbon emission flow, the carbon emission flows of power generation equipment and electric vehicles are scheduled, but it only regulates the carbon emission flow of electric vehicles, and does not track the dynamic changes of carbon emissions caused by the complex energy conversion and transmission process in the multi-energy complementary system in real time, resulting in the problem of low accuracy in carbon emission flow monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problem that the existing technology is difficult to track in real time the dynamic changes of carbon emissions caused by the complex energy conversion and transmission process in a multi-energy complementary system, resulting in low carbon emission flow monitoring accuracy and great difficulty in regulation, the present invention provides a method for dynamic monitoring and regulation of carbon emission flows in a multi-energy complementary system. The method obtains the current carbon emission flow by analyzing the operating data of each device in the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission data at the energy supply end, and dynamically monitors and displays the carbon emission flow in real time according to the flow direction characteristics and distribution characteristics of the current carbon emission flow, and then predicts the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system. Based on the prediction results, a carbon emission flow regulation strategy is formulated, and the system carbon emissions when the strategy is executed are monitored. The regulation strategy is adjusted in real time to ensure that the system does not deviate from the preset regulation target during execution. The overall characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system and the mutual influence between its parts are taken into consideration, the regulation effect is improved, the precise control of carbon emissions is achieved, and the constantly changing working conditions and external environment during the operation of the system are adapted.

[0006] In a first aspect, a technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is: a method for dynamically monitoring and regulating carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system, comprising the following steps: S1. Based on the data collection principle, real-time collection of operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and carbon emission data from the energy supply end; S2. Construct a carbon emission flow calculation model, and use the operating parameters and carbon emission data as model input to obtain the current carbon emission flow; S3. Construct a carbon emission monitoring indicator system, substitute the current carbon emission flow into the carbon emission monitoring indicator system to obtain the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow, and visualize the current carbon emission flow based on the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow; S4. Based on the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system and combined with the current carbon emission flow, the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained. Taking the stable operation of the energy supply side and the multi-energy complementary system as constraints, and maximizing the economic efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system as the goal and combining with the future carbon emission trend, the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained.

[0007] In this solution, by collecting the operating parameters of each device and the carbon emission data of the energy supply side in real time, the timeliness and accuracy of the data are ensured, which helps to discover problems in a timely manner, reduce decision-making errors caused by data lags or errors, and provide a data basis for the subsequent calculation of carbon emission flows; by constructing a carbon emission monitoring indicator system, the carbon emission characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system are reflected from different angles, providing a basis for a comprehensive evaluation of system performance, and substituting the current carbon emission flow into it, the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow can be clearly displayed. This visual display makes the carbon emission situation more intuitive and easy to understand, and improves the transparency and efficiency of management; by predicting the future carbon emission trend of the system, the optimal control strategy can be formulated in advance to cope with the dynamic changes of the system, thereby improving the control effect, achieving precise control of carbon emissions, and adapting to the ever-changing working conditions and external environment during system operation.

[0008] Preferably, in S1, based on the data collection principle, real-time collection of operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and carbon emission data from the energy supply end during operation includes the following steps: Deploy sensors at various nodes of the multi-energy complementary system, the nodes including at least substations, power transmission lines, heat exchange stations of thermal systems, heating pipelines, pressure regulating stations of natural gas systems, and gas transmission pipelines; Real-time collection of electrical energy, thermal energy, natural gas flow, pressure and temperature parameters in the multi-energy complementary system, as well as the operating status data of the energy conversion equipment, including at least power, efficiency and start and stop time; synchronously, collection of carbon emission factor data and environmental parameters on the energy supply side.

[0009] In this scheme, the energy supply side includes power plants, natural gas extraction plants, etc., and its environmental parameters such as atmospheric temperature and humidity are mainly used to correct the carbon emission calculation model in the subsequent calculation of carbon emission flow, so that the carbon emission calculation model can continuously self-correct as the external environment changes, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission flow calculation.

[0010] Preferably, in S2, a carbon emission flow calculation model is constructed, and the current carbon emission flow is obtained by using the operating parameters and the carbon emission data as model inputs, including the following steps: Based on the actual physical structure and equipment operating characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system, a refined multi-energy complementary system model is constructed, and the operating parameters are input into the refined multi-energy complementary system model to obtain the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operating characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system. Based on the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operating characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system, a carbon emission flow calculation model is constructed, and the operating parameters and carbon emission data are used as model input to obtain the current carbon emission flow.

[0011] In this scheme, the fine multi-energy complementary system model can accurately describe the transmission, conversion and storage process of electric energy, thermal energy and natural gas energy in the system, including the topological structure of the energy network, the input-output characteristic curve of the equipment, the charging and discharging characteristics of the energy storage equipment, etc., and consider the coupling relationship between different energy subsystems, such as the energy synergy effect in the process of cogeneration and electric refrigeration, and the impact of energy storage equipment (such as battery energy storage, heat storage tanks, gas storage tanks, etc.) on energy supply and demand balance and carbon emissions; according to the intrinsic relationship between energy consumption and carbon emissions displayed by the fine multi-energy complementary system model, combined with real-time collected data, establish Dynamic carbon emission flow calculation model; the model should be able to calculate in real time the carbon emissions of each branch, node and equipment in the system at different times, taking into account the dynamic changes of carbon emission factors with factors such as energy quality, combustion efficiency, and operating conditions. For example, for gas-fired power generation, carbon emissions are calculated in real time based on the actual composition and combustion efficiency of natural gas; for electricity consumption, carbon emissions are calculated in combination with the real-time power generation structure of the power grid (proportions of thermal power, wind power, photovoltaic power, etc.) and transmission losses. By introducing advanced algorithms (such as data-driven machine learning algorithms), the model is optimized to improve the calculation speed and accuracy to meet the real-time operation needs of the system.

[0012] Preferably, in S3, the carbon emission monitoring index system includes at least the total carbon emissions of the multi-energy complementary system, the carbon emission intensity, the carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem, the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, the changing trend of carbon emissions over time, and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions.

[0013] In this plan, a comprehensive carbon emission monitoring indicator system is set up, including total carbon emissions, carbon emission intensity (carbon emissions per unit of energy output or consumption), carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem, carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, carbon emission trends over time, spatial distribution (carbon emissions in different regions or nodes), etc. These indicators can reflect the carbon emission characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system from different angles and provide a basis for comprehensive evaluation of system performance.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, visually displaying the current carbon emission flow based on the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow includes the following steps: Based on the total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of the multi-energy complementary system, a dynamic flow chart is used to show the flow direction and distribution of carbon emission flow in the multi-energy complementary system; Based on the carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem of the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, the carbon emissions of different energy subsystems or equipment are compared using bar charts and line charts; Based on the temporal trend of carbon emissions from the multi-energy complementary system and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions, a heat map is used to display the changes in the spatial distribution of carbon emissions.

[0015] In this solution, by developing a powerful visualization display platform, the calculation results and monitoring indicators of carbon emission flows are displayed in the form of intuitive and easy-to-understand charts. For example, a dynamic flow chart is used to display the flow direction and distribution of carbon emission flows in a multi-energy complementary system, and a bar chart and line chart are used to compare the carbon emissions of different energy subsystems or equipment, and a heat map is used to present the spatial distribution changes of carbon emissions. At the same time, the visualization display platform can also provide user interaction functions, allowing operators to view the carbon emission details of specific areas, equipment or time periods through operations such as clicking, zooming, and filtering, which is convenient for quickly discovering carbon emission anomalies and potential problems, and can accurately obtain the real-time distribution of carbon emission flows in different energy media, equipment and time scales, so as to timely discover carbon emission anomalies and potential optimization space.

[0016] Preferably, in S4, obtaining the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system based on the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system and combining the current carbon emission flow includes the following steps: The MPC algorithm is used to analyze the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system, and the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operation characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system in the refined multi-energy complementary system model are combined to extract the characteristics of the current carbon emission flow to obtain characteristic factors, and the future carbon emission trend is predicted based on the characteristic factors.

[0017] In this solution, by combining real-time monitoring data and the constructed system model, advanced predictive control algorithms (such as model predictive control, MPC) are used to predict future carbon emission trends. Taking future carbon emission trends as a reference, corresponding carbon emission flow regulation strategies are formulated in advance, thereby increasing the adjustment space of the strategy during the execution process and preventing abnormalities from occurring during the execution process that make it difficult to make timely adjustments, thereby affecting the overall benefits of the system during operation.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, in S4, the energy supply end and the operation stability of the multi-energy complementary system are taken as constraints, the multi-energy complementary system operation economy is maximized as the goal, and the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained in combination with the future carbon emission trend, including the following steps: Get the external environment changes based on the environmental parameters, and get the system operation requirements based on the operation parameters; Dynamically set carbon emission control targets for multi-energy complementary systems based on external environmental changes, system operation requirements and carbon emission regulations; Based on the carbon emission control target of the multi-energy complementary system, the control sub-strategy corresponding to each device in the multi-energy complementary system is obtained; With the goal of maximizing the operating economy of the multi-energy complementary system and combining the future carbon emission trends, the corresponding control sub-strategies are arranged and combined to obtain the carbon emission flow control strategy for the multi-energy complementary system.

[0019] In this scheme, the control sub-strategies cover energy dispatch optimization (such as adjusting the power generation output of different energy sources, optimizing the heat-to-electricity ratio of cogeneration units, coordinating the charging and discharging strategies of energy storage devices, etc.), equipment operation parameter adjustment (such as changing the working temperature setting of heat pumps, adjusting the load rate of gas turbines, optimizing boiler combustion efficiency, etc.), energy supply structure optimization (such as increasing the proportion of renewable energy access, and reasonably arranging natural gas supply plans, etc.). By predicting the operating status and carbon emission trends of the system in the future, the optimal control strategy is formulated in advance to cope with the dynamic changes of the system; by dynamically setting carbon emission control targets according to system operation requirements, carbon emission regulations and standards, and external environmental changes, such as maximizing the economic efficiency of multi-energy complementary system operation. For example, under the premise of meeting the reliability and economy of energy supply, the system's total carbon emission reduction target, carbon emission intensity distribution optimization, and clean energy use ratio are adjusted in real time. Considering the energy demand and carbon emission characteristics of different time periods (such as peak and valley periods) and different seasons (such as heating season and cooling season), differentiated control targets are formulated to achieve efficient and low-carbon operation of the system.

[0020] In the second aspect, a technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention is: a dynamic monitoring and control system for carbon emission flow of a multi-energy complementary system, including a data acquisition subsystem, a data processing and analysis subsystem, a carbon emission flow calculation and modeling subsystem, a visualization monitoring and early warning subsystem, and a control strategy generation and execution subsystem; The data acquisition subsystem collects in real time the operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end; The data processing and analysis subsystem pre-processes the collected operating parameters and carbon emission data and calculates the current carbon emission flow through the carbon emission flow calculation and modeling subsystem; The visual monitoring and early warning subsystem constructs a carbon emission monitoring indicator system, obtains the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow based on the current carbon emission flow, and visualizes the current carbon emission flow; The control strategy generation and execution subsystem predicts future carbon emission trends, takes the stable operation of the energy supply end and the multi-energy complementary system as constraints, takes the maximization of the economic efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system operation as the goal and combines the future carbon emission trends to obtain the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system, and controls the corresponding equipment to execute the carbon emission flow control strategy.

[0021] In this scheme, the current carbon emission flow is obtained by analyzing the operating data of each equipment in the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end, and the carbon emission flow is dynamically monitored and displayed in real time according to the flow direction characteristics and distribution characteristics of the current carbon emission flow. The future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system is predicted, and a carbon emission flow control strategy is formulated based on the prediction results. The system carbon emissions during the execution of the strategy are monitored, and the control strategy is adjusted in real time to ensure that the system does not deviate from the preset control target during execution. The overall characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system and the mutual influence between its parts are taken into account, the control effect is improved, the precise control of carbon emissions is achieved, and it also adapts to the constantly changing working conditions and external environment during the operation of the system.

[0022] Preferably, the visual monitoring and early warning subsystem establishes an intelligent early warning mechanism based on preset carbon emission thresholds and changing trends of monitoring indicators. When the total carbon emissions of the system approach or exceed the preset upper limit, the carbon emission intensity increases abnormally, and the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment is lower than the standard value, an early warning signal is issued and relevant personnel are notified via SMS, email, and pop-up windows.

[0023] In this plan, by establishing an intelligent early warning mechanism, real-time monitoring and early warning of abnormal carbon emissions are carried out according to preset thresholds and rules to ensure the safety of system operation and carbon emissions compliance. The early warning information should include a detailed description of the abnormal situation (such as the time, location, indicator value, etc. of the abnormality) so that timely measures can be taken to intervene.

[0024] Preferably, the control strategy generation and execution subsystem sends the generated carbon emission flow control strategy to various control units of the multi-energy complementary system in real time, including at least the controller of the energy conversion equipment, the management system of the energy storage system and the power grid dispatching center, and continuously monitors the system operation status and changes in carbon emission monitoring indicators, compares and analyzes the actual execution effect with the preset target, and keeps the deviation between the actual execution effect and the preset target within the set range.

[0025] In this solution, the control operation is implemented by sending the generated control strategy in real time to various control units of the multi-energy complementary system, including the controller of the energy conversion equipment, the management system of the energy storage system, the power grid dispatching center, etc. During the control process, the system operation status and changes in carbon emission indicators are continuously monitored, and the actual execution effect is compared and analyzed with the expected target. According to the feedback information, the control strategy is adjusted in time to form a closed-loop control loop to ensure the effectiveness and adaptability of the control strategy and continuously optimize the carbon emission performance of the system.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention ensures the timeliness and accuracy of the data by collecting the operating parameters of each device and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end in real time, which helps to find problems in time, reduce decision-making errors caused by data lag or errors, and also provides a data basis for the subsequent calculation of carbon emission flows; (2) The present invention reflects the carbon emission characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system from different angles by constructing a carbon emission monitoring index system, providing a basis for comprehensively evaluating the system performance, and substituting the current carbon emission flow into it, which can clearly show the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow. This visual display makes the carbon emission situation more intuitive and easy to understand, improves the transparency and efficiency of management, and can also accurately obtain the real-time distribution of carbon emission flows on different energy media, equipment and time scales, so as to timely discover carbon emission anomalies and potential optimization space; (3) By predicting the future carbon emission trend of the system, the present invention can formulate the optimal control strategy in advance to cope with the dynamic changes of the system, thereby improving the control effect, achieving precise control of carbon emissions, and adapting to the constantly changing working conditions and external environment during the operation of the system.

[0027] The above invention content is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented according to the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same parts.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for dynamic monitoring and regulation of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system of the present invention; Figure 2 The present invention is a block diagram of a carbon emission flow dynamic monitoring and control system of a multi-energy complementary system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific implementation method described herein is only an optimal embodiment of the present invention, which is only used to explain the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow charts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) therein can be implemented in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but can also have additional steps not included in the drawings; the process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0032] Example 1: Figure 1 As shown, in order to solve the problem that the existing technology is difficult to track the dynamic changes of carbon emissions caused by the complex energy conversion and transmission process in the multi-energy complementary system in real time, resulting in low carbon emission flow monitoring accuracy and difficulty in regulation, this embodiment provides a method for dynamic monitoring and regulation of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system, including the following steps: S1: Based on the data collection principle, the operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission data on the energy supply side are collected in real time.

[0033] In this embodiment, based on the data collection principle, real-time collection of operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and carbon emission data from the energy supply end during operation includes the following steps: Deploy sensors at various nodes of the multi-energy complementary system, the nodes including at least substations, power transmission lines, heat exchange stations of thermal systems, heating pipelines, pressure regulating stations of natural gas systems, and gas transmission pipelines; Real-time collection of electrical energy, thermal energy, natural gas flow, pressure and temperature parameters in the multi-energy complementary system, as well as the operating status data of the energy conversion equipment, including at least power, efficiency and start and stop time; synchronously, collection of carbon emission factor data and environmental parameters on the energy supply side.

[0034] The energy supply end of this embodiment includes power plants, natural gas mining plants, etc., and its environmental parameters such as atmospheric temperature and humidity are mainly used to correct the carbon emission calculation model in the subsequent calculation of carbon emission flow, so that the carbon emission calculation model can continuously self-correct as the external environment changes, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission flow calculation. In addition, it is necessary to collect data on external factors such as policies and regulations, market prices, etc. in the area where the system is located. These data will affect the formulation of regulatory strategies. And the collected data from different data sources and different formats are cleaned, verified and integrated. By establishing a unified data standard and format, various types of data are converted into a standard format for subsequent analysis and calculation, ensuring the accuracy, completeness and consistency of the data, and providing a reliable data basis for carbon emission flow calculation and regulatory decision-making to improve computing efficiency.

[0035] S2: Construct a carbon emission flow calculation model, and use operating parameters and carbon emission data as model input to obtain the current carbon emission flow.

[0036] In this embodiment, a carbon emission flow calculation model is constructed, and the current carbon emission flow is obtained by using the operating parameters and carbon emission data as model inputs, including the following steps: Based on the actual physical structure and equipment operating characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system, a refined multi-energy complementary system model is constructed, and the operating parameters are input into the refined multi-energy complementary system model to obtain the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operating characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system. Based on the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operating characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system, a carbon emission flow calculation model is constructed, and the operating parameters and carbon emission data are used as model input to obtain the current carbon emission flow.

[0037] In this embodiment, the specific calculation process of the carbon emission flow is as follows: First, calculate the branch carbon flow. The branch carbon flow represents the cumulative amount of carbon emissions passing through a branch within a certain period of time. It is used to characterize the size of the carbon flow on the branch. The unit is generally tCO2. The branch carbon flow on branch l can be recorded as ξ l .

[0038] If a section of the branch is only connected to a power plant, the carbon flow of the branch is equal to the carbon emissions injected by the corresponding power plant; similarly, if a section of the branch is only connected to the load, the carbon emissions of the load are equal to the carbon flow flowing into the branch.

[0039] Secondly, calculate the branch carbon flow rate, which is equal to the carbon emissions passing through a branch in unit time, and the unit is generally tCO2 / s. It is numerically equal to the differential of the branch carbon flow rate with respect to time, and the branch carbon flow rate is the integral value of the branch carbon flow rate in a given time. The branch carbon flow rate of branch l at time t is recorded as R l,t The formula is as follows: The branch carbon flow density is calculated based on the branch carbon flow rate. The branch carbon flow density is defined as the ratio of the branch carbon flow rate to the active power flowing through the branch. The unit is generally tCO2 / MWh. The branch carbon flow density of branch l at time t is recorded as ρ l,t , the formula is as follows: The node carbon potential is calculated based on the branch carbon flow rate and branch carbon flow density. Since the energy supply and consumption in the integrated energy system are generally connected in the form of nodes, the physical quantity corresponding to the branch carbon flow density that describes the node carbon emission intensity is also defined in the carbon emission flow theory, namely the node carbon potential NCI (node ​​carbon intensity). The node carbon potential is a physical quantity used to describe the carbon emission density of the node, which reflects the carbon emission value of the node's unit electricity consumption equivalent to the power generation side. The node carbon potential of node i at time t is recorded as The unit is tCO2 / MWh, and its value is equal to the carbon flow density ρ of all branches l flowing into node i l,t About active power P l,t The weighted average of: Where l∈Ω i,line+ Indicates that line l is the line flowing into node i.

[0040] According to the proportional sharing principle, it can be considered that the carbon flow is evenly mixed at the node, so the carbon flow density flowing out of the node branch is equal to the node carbon potential of the node: Where l∈Ω n,pipe- Indicates that line l belongs to the set of outflow nodes n.

[0041] For power plant nodes, the node carbon potential is equal to the real-time carbon emission intensity of the power plant; for load nodes, the carbon emission intensity of the load is equal to the carbon emission intensity of the node to which it is connected.

[0042] The fine multi-energy complementary system model of this embodiment can accurately describe the transmission, conversion and storage process of electric energy, thermal energy and natural gas energy in the system, including the topological structure of the energy network, the input-output characteristic curve of the equipment, the charging and discharging characteristics of the energy storage equipment, etc., and consider the coupling relationship between different energy subsystems, such as the energy synergy effect in the process of cogeneration of heat and power and electric refrigeration, and the impact of energy storage equipment (such as battery energy storage, heat storage tanks, gas storage tanks, etc.) on energy supply and demand balance and carbon emissions; according to the intrinsic relationship between energy consumption and carbon emissions displayed by the fine multi-energy complementary system model, combined with the real-time collected data, establish Dynamic carbon emission flow calculation model; the model should be able to calculate in real time the carbon emissions of each branch, node and equipment in the system at different times, taking into account the dynamic changes of carbon emission factors with factors such as energy quality, combustion efficiency, and operating conditions. For example, for gas-fired power generation, carbon emissions are calculated in real time based on the actual composition and combustion efficiency of natural gas; for electricity consumption, carbon emissions are calculated in combination with the real-time power generation structure of the power grid (proportions of thermal power, wind power, photovoltaic power, etc.) and transmission losses. By introducing advanced algorithms (such as data-driven machine learning algorithms), the model is optimized to improve the calculation speed and accuracy to meet the real-time operation needs of the system.

[0043] S3: Construct a carbon emission monitoring indicator system, substitute the current carbon emission flow into the carbon emission monitoring indicator system to obtain the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow, and visualize the current carbon emission flow based on the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow.

[0044] In this embodiment, the carbon emission monitoring index system includes at least the total carbon emissions of the multi-energy complementary system, the carbon emission intensity, the carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem, the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, the changing trend of carbon emissions over time, and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions.

[0045] This embodiment sets up a comprehensive carbon emission monitoring indicator system, including total carbon emissions, carbon emission intensity (carbon emissions per unit of energy output or consumption), carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem, carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, carbon emission trend over time, spatial distribution (carbon emissions in different regions or nodes), etc. These indicators can reflect the carbon emission characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system from different angles and provide a basis for comprehensive evaluation of system performance.

[0046] In this embodiment, visualizing the current carbon emission flow based on the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow includes the following steps: Based on the total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of the multi-energy complementary system, a dynamic flow chart is used to show the flow direction and distribution of carbon emission flow in the multi-energy complementary system; Based on the carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem of the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, the carbon emissions of different energy subsystems or equipment are compared using bar charts and line charts; Based on the temporal trend of carbon emissions from the multi-energy complementary system and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions, a heat map is used to display the changes in the spatial distribution of carbon emissions.

[0047] This embodiment develops a powerful visualization display platform to display the calculation results and monitoring indicators of carbon emission flows in the form of intuitive and easy-to-understand charts. For example, a dynamic flow chart is used to display the flow direction and distribution of carbon emission flows in a multi-energy complementary system, and a bar chart and a line chart are used to compare the carbon emissions of different energy subsystems or equipment, and a heat map is used to present the spatial distribution changes of carbon emissions. At the same time, the visualization display platform can also provide user interaction functions, allowing operators to view the details of carbon emissions in specific areas, equipment or time periods through operations such as clicking, zooming, and filtering, which is convenient for quickly discovering carbon emission anomalies and potential problems, and can accurately obtain the real-time distribution of carbon emission flows in different energy media, equipment and time scales, so as to timely discover carbon emission anomalies and potential optimization space.

[0048] S4: Based on the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system and combined with the current carbon emission flow, the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained. Taking the stable operation of the energy supply side and the multi-energy complementary system as constraints, and maximizing the economic efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system as the goal and combining with the future carbon emission trend, the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained.

[0049] In this embodiment, the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained based on the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system and combined with the current carbon emission flow, including the following steps: The MPC algorithm is used to analyze the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system, and the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operation characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system in the refined multi-energy complementary system model are combined to extract the characteristics of the current carbon emission flow to obtain characteristic factors, and the future carbon emission trend is predicted based on the characteristic factors.

[0050] This embodiment combines real-time monitoring data with the constructed system model and uses advanced predictive control algorithms (such as model predictive control, MPC) to predict future carbon emission trends. It uses future carbon emission trends as a reference to formulate corresponding carbon emission flow regulation strategies in advance, thereby increasing the adjustment space of the strategy during the execution process and preventing abnormalities from occurring during the execution process and making it difficult to make timely adjustments, thereby affecting the overall benefits of the system during operation.

[0051] In this embodiment, the energy supply end and the operation stability of the multi-energy complementary system are taken as constraints, the multi-energy complementary system operation economy is maximized as the goal, and the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained in combination with the future carbon emission trend, including the following steps: Get the external environment changes based on the environmental parameters, and get the system operation requirements based on the operation parameters; Dynamically set carbon emission control targets for multi-energy complementary systems based on external environmental changes, system operation requirements and carbon emission regulations; Based on the carbon emission control target of the multi-energy complementary system, the control sub-strategy corresponding to each device in the multi-energy complementary system is obtained; With the goal of maximizing the operating economy of the multi-energy complementary system and combining the future carbon emission trends, the corresponding control sub-strategies are arranged and combined to obtain the carbon emission flow control strategy for the multi-energy complementary system.

[0052] The control sub-strategy of this embodiment covers multiple aspects such as energy dispatch optimization (such as adjusting the power generation output of different energy sources, optimizing the heat-to-electricity ratio of cogeneration units, coordinating the charging and discharging strategies of energy storage devices, etc.), equipment operation parameter adjustment (such as changing the working temperature setting of heat pumps, adjusting the load rate of gas turbines, optimizing boiler combustion efficiency, etc.), and energy supply structure optimization (such as increasing the proportion of renewable energy access, reasonably arranging natural gas supply plans, etc.). By predicting the operating status and carbon emission trends of the system in the future, the optimal control strategy is formulated in advance to cope with the dynamic changes of the system; by dynamically setting carbon emission control targets according to system operation requirements, carbon emission regulations and standards, and external environmental changes, such as maximizing the economic efficiency of multi-energy complementary system operation. For example, under the premise of meeting the reliability and economy of energy supply, the system's total carbon emission reduction target, carbon emission intensity distribution optimization, and clean energy use ratio are adjusted in real time. Considering the energy demand and carbon emission characteristics of different time periods (such as peak and valley periods) and different seasons (such as heating season and cooling season), differentiated control targets are formulated to achieve efficient and low-carbon operation of the system.

[0053] Example 2: Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides a carbon emission flow dynamic monitoring and control system for a multi-energy complementary system, including a data acquisition subsystem, a data processing and analysis subsystem, a carbon emission flow calculation and modeling subsystem, a visual monitoring and early warning subsystem, and a control strategy generation and execution subsystem; The data acquisition subsystem collects in real time the operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end; The data processing and analysis subsystem pre-processes the collected operating parameters and carbon emission data and calculates the current carbon emission flow through the carbon emission flow calculation and modeling subsystem; The visual monitoring and early warning subsystem constructs a carbon emission monitoring indicator system, obtains the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow based on the current carbon emission flow, and visualizes the current carbon emission flow; The control strategy generation and execution subsystem predicts future carbon emission trends, takes the stable operation of the energy supply end and the multi-energy complementary system as constraints, takes the maximization of the economic efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system operation as the goal and combines the future carbon emission trends to obtain the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system, and controls the corresponding equipment to execute the carbon emission flow control strategy.

[0054] In this embodiment, the data processing and analysis subsystem cleans, verifies, fuses and preprocesses the collected data, and converts it into a standard format for subsequent calculation and analysis. A multi-energy complementary system database is established to store historical data and real-time data, providing data support for carbon emission flow calculation, model training and regulatory decision-making. The subsystem also includes a data analysis engine, which uses data mining, machine learning and other technologies to conduct in-depth analysis of the data, explore the laws and relationships hidden behind the data, and provide decision-making basis for system optimization and regulation.

[0055] In this embodiment, the visual monitoring and early warning subsystem establishes an intelligent early warning mechanism based on the preset carbon emission threshold and the changing trend of the monitoring indicators. When the total carbon emissions of the system approach or exceed the preset upper limit, the carbon emission intensity increases abnormally, and the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment is lower than the standard value, a warning signal is issued and relevant personnel are notified via SMS, email, and pop-up windows.

[0056] This embodiment establishes an intelligent early warning mechanism to conduct real-time monitoring and early warning of abnormal carbon emissions based on preset thresholds and rules to ensure system operation safety and carbon emissions compliance. The early warning information should include a detailed description of the abnormal situation (such as the time, location, indicator value, etc. of the abnormality) so that timely measures can be taken to intervene.

[0057] In this embodiment, the control strategy generation and execution subsystem sends the generated carbon emission flow control strategy to various control units of the multi-energy complementary system in real time, including at least the controller of the energy conversion equipment, the management system of the energy storage system and the power grid dispatching center, and continuously monitors the system operation status and changes in carbon emission monitoring indicators, compares and analyzes the actual execution effect with the preset target, and keeps the deviation between the actual execution effect and the preset target within the set range.

[0058] This embodiment implements the control operation by sending the generated control strategy in real time to various control units of the multi-energy complementary system, including the controller of the energy conversion equipment, the management system of the energy storage system, the power grid dispatching center, etc. During the control process, the system operation status and changes in carbon emission indicators are continuously monitored, and the actual execution effect is compared and analyzed with the expected target. According to the feedback information, the control strategy is adjusted in time to form a closed-loop control loop to ensure the effectiveness and adaptability of the control strategy and continuously optimize the carbon emission performance of the system.

[0059] It can be seen from the above embodiments that at least the following substantial effects are achieved: (1) The present invention ensures the timeliness and accuracy of data by collecting the operating parameters of each device and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end in real time, which helps to find problems in time, reduce decision-making errors caused by data lag or errors, and also provides a data basis for subsequent calculation of carbon emission flows; (2) The present invention reflects the carbon emission characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system from different angles by constructing a carbon emission monitoring index system, providing a basis for comprehensively evaluating the system performance, and substituting the current carbon emission flow into it, which can clearly show the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow. This visual display makes the carbon emission situation more intuitive and easy to understand, improves the transparency and efficiency of management, and can also accurately obtain the real-time distribution of carbon emission flows on different energy media, equipment and time scales, so as to timely discover carbon emission anomalies and potential optimization space; (3) By predicting the future carbon emission trend of the system, the present invention can formulate the optimal control strategy in advance to cope with the dynamic changes of the system, thereby improving the control effect, achieving precise control of carbon emissions, and adapting to the constantly changing working conditions and external environment during the operation of the system.

[0060] The specific implementation described above is a preferred implementation of a method and system for dynamically monitoring and controlling carbon emission flows in a multi-energy complementary system of the present invention. It is not intended to limit the specific implementation scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to this specific implementation. All equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape and structure of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Based on the data collection principle, real-time collection of operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and carbon emission data from the energy supply end; S2. Construct a carbon emission flow calculation model, and use the operating parameters and carbon emission data as model input to obtain the current carbon emission flow; S3. Construct a carbon emission monitoring indicator system, substitute the current carbon emission flow into the carbon emission monitoring indicator system to obtain the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow, and visualize the current carbon emission flow based on the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow; S4. Based on the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system and combined with the current carbon emission flow, the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained. Taking the stable operation of the energy supply side and the multi-energy complementary system as constraints, and maximizing the economic efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system as the goal and combining with the future carbon emission trend, the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained.

2. The method for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, based on the data collection principle, the operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end are collected in real time during operation, including the following steps: Deploy sensors at various nodes of the multi-energy complementary system, the nodes including at least substations, power transmission lines, heat exchange stations of thermal systems, heating pipelines, pressure regulating stations of natural gas systems, and gas transmission pipelines; Real-time collection of electrical energy, thermal energy, natural gas flow, pressure and temperature parameters in the multi-energy complementary system, as well as the operating status data of the energy conversion equipment, including at least power, efficiency and start and stop time; synchronously, collection of carbon emission factor data and environmental parameters on the energy supply side.

3. The method for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow of a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S2, a carbon emission flow calculation model is constructed, and the current carbon emission flow is obtained by using the operating parameters and carbon emission data as model inputs, including the following steps: Based on the actual physical structure and equipment operation characteristics of the multi-energy complementary system, a refined multi-energy complementary system model is constructed, and the operation parameters are input into the refined multi-energy complementary system model to obtain the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operation characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system; A carbon emission flow calculation model is constructed based on the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operation characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system, and the current carbon emission flow is obtained using operation parameters and carbon emission data as model inputs.

4. The method for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow of a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the carbon emission monitoring index system includes at least the total carbon emissions of the multi-energy complementary system, the carbon emission intensity, the carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem, the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, the change trend of carbon emissions over time, and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions.

5. The method for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S3, the current carbon emission flow is visualized based on the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow, including the following steps: based on the total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of the multi-energy complementary system, a dynamic flow chart is used to display the flow direction and distribution of the carbon emission flow in the multi-energy complementary system; Based on the carbon emission proportion of each energy subsystem of the multi-energy complementary system and the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment, the carbon emissions of different energy subsystems or equipment are compared using bar charts and line charts; Based on the temporal trend of carbon emissions from the multi-energy complementary system and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions, a heat map is used to display the changes in the spatial distribution of carbon emissions.

6. The method for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 3 is characterized by: In S4, the future carbon emission trend of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained based on the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system and combined with the current carbon emission flow, including the following steps: The MPC algorithm is used to analyze the historical carbon emission flow of the multi-energy complementary system, and the energy flow process, topological structure and equipment operation characteristics in the multi-energy complementary system in the refined multi-energy complementary system model are combined to extract the characteristics of the current carbon emission flow to obtain characteristic factors, and the future carbon emission trend is predicted based on the characteristic factors.

7. The method for dynamic monitoring and control of carbon emission flow in a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S4, the energy supply and the operation stability of the multi-energy complementary system are taken as constraints, the maximum economic efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system is taken as the goal, and the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system is obtained in combination with the future carbon emission trend, including the following steps: Get the external environment changes based on the environmental parameters, and get the system operation requirements based on the operation parameters; Dynamically set carbon emission control targets for multi-energy complementary systems based on external environmental changes, system operation requirements and carbon emission regulations; Based on the carbon emission control target of the multi-energy complementary system, the control sub-strategy corresponding to each device in the multi-energy complementary system is obtained; With the goal of maximizing the operating economy of the multi-energy complementary system and combining the future carbon emission trends, the corresponding control sub-strategies are arranged and combined to obtain the carbon emission flow control strategy for the multi-energy complementary system.

8. A multi-energy complementary system carbon emission flow dynamic monitoring and control system, applicable to a multi-energy complementary system carbon emission flow dynamic monitoring and control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes data acquisition subsystem, data processing and analysis subsystem, carbon emission flow calculation and modeling subsystem, visual monitoring and early warning subsystem and control strategy generation and execution subsystem; The data acquisition subsystem collects in real time the operating parameters generated by each device in the multi-energy complementary system during operation and the carbon emission data of the energy supply end; The data processing and analysis subsystem pre-processes the collected operating parameters and carbon emission data and calculates the current carbon emission flow through the carbon emission flow calculation and modeling subsystem; The visual monitoring and early warning subsystem constructs a carbon emission monitoring indicator system, obtains the flow direction and distribution characteristics of the carbon emission flow based on the current carbon emission flow, and visualizes the current carbon emission flow; The control strategy generation and execution subsystem predicts future carbon emission trends, takes the stable operation of the energy supply end and the multi-energy complementary system as constraints, takes the maximization of the economic efficiency of the multi-energy complementary system operation as the goal and combines the future carbon emission trends to obtain the carbon emission flow control strategy of the multi-energy complementary system, and controls the corresponding equipment to execute the carbon emission flow control strategy.

9. The carbon emission flow dynamic monitoring and control system of a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 8 is characterized by: The visual monitoring and early warning subsystem establishes an intelligent early warning mechanism based on the preset carbon emission threshold and the changing trend of the monitoring indicators. When the total carbon emissions of the system approach or exceed the preset upper limit, the carbon emission intensity increases abnormally, and the carbon emission efficiency of key equipment is lower than the standard value, a warning signal is issued and relevant personnel are notified via SMS, email and pop-up windows.

10. The carbon emission flow dynamic monitoring and control system of a multi-energy complementary system according to claim 8 is characterized by: The control strategy generation and execution subsystem sends the generated carbon emission flow control strategy to the various control units of the multi-energy complementary system in real time, including at least the controller of the energy conversion equipment, the management system of the energy storage system and the power grid dispatching center, and continuously monitors the system operation status and changes in carbon emission monitoring indicators, compares and analyzes the actual execution effect with the preset target, and keeps the deviation between the actual execution effect and the preset target within the set range.

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