Complicated coal seam condition slope coal mining-filling-discharging space-time coordination method and complex coal seam condition slope coal mining-filling-discharging space-time coordination system

Abstract

The invention discloses a complex coal seam condition slope coal mining-filling-discharging space-time coordination method and system, and the coordination system comprises the following steps: obtaining slope coal filling mining constraint factors under complex coal seam conditions, and giving constraint factors of an existing open-pit mining and stripping system to a slope coal filling system in combination with an existing mining system of an open-pit coal mine; establishing a slope filling mining and existing open-pit mining production nonlinear optimization model, and combining a nonlinear optimization mathematical model with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm to obtain slope coal mining-filling-discharging key parameters under complex coal seam conditions; a slope coal filling mining numerical model under the complex coal seam condition is constructed, and the open slope instability failure characteristics under different slope coal filling mining parameters are studied; on the basis of the principle of complex coal seam open-pit slope stability control, an optimal open-pit slope coal filling mining scheme is determined, the spatial arrangement relation between existing open-pit mining and slope filling mining working faces is given, and a mining-filling-discharging space-time coordination scheme based on slope stability control is determined.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of side coal filling mining, and in particular to a time-space coordination method and system for side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions. Background Art

[0002] As an important method of coal mining, open-pit mining is used by more and more mines due to its high recovery rate, safety and friendliness. However, the current resource recovery rate of open-pit coal mines can only reach 75%. The use of traditional single open-pit mining methods will inevitably form a large amount of compressed resources under the top wall - the stranded coal cannot be recovered, and the end wall coal cannot be recovered, resulting in significant resource and economic losses. At the same time, as the production of the open-pit mine and the internal soil discharge proceed simultaneously, the height of the slope gradually decreases until it disappears. If the resources occupied by the slope are not mined in time, it is likely to cause permanent loss of resources, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of coal mining enterprises.

[0003] At present, the main method of recovering side-wall coal in my country is to directly mine it using side-wall coal mining machines. However, this method has problems such as difficulty in controlling slope instability. The side-wall coal filling mining technology of open-pit coal mines can realize coal filling mining without coal pillars between side-wall tunnels, achieving the dual goals of safety of side-wall mining and coal resource recovery rate. However, side-wall coal filling mining of open-pit coal mines has the problem of temporal and spatial interference between existing open-pit mining and side-wall filling mining. Side-wall mining will affect the follow-up speed of the internal dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. At the same time, the internal dump tracking speed will affect the side-wall mining speed. How to reduce the mutual influence between the two and ensure close cooperation between the two is crucial to the design of side-wall coal mining under complex coal seam conditions, and there is an urgent practical need. Summary of the invention

[0004] In response to the problems and needs raised above, this solution proposes a time-space coordination method and system for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions. By adopting the following technical features, it can achieve the above technical objectives and bring about many other technical effects.

[0005] One object of the present invention is to provide a time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S10: Analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design filling mining methods that match different side coal types in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraints of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraints of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system;

[0007] S20: Analyze and determine the decision variables of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model of side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters of side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions;

[0008] S30: Construct a numerical model for side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions. Use the numerical model to simulate different mining plans for filling mining sequence, mining height, mining width, mining length, and filling timing to determine the optimal mining-filling-drainage key parameters, and study the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters.

[0009] S40: Based on the determined optimal plan for open-pit side coal filling mining, the spatial layout relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side coal filling mining working faces is obtained, so as to determine the mining-filling-drainage time-space coordination plan based on slope stability control.

[0010] In addition, the time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and draining under complex coal seam conditions according to the present invention may also have the following technical features:

[0011] In an example of the present invention, in the step S10, the constraints of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions include the side coal occurrence conditions, the up and down filling order, the number of layered filling layers, the mining height, the mining width, the mining length, the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, the filling speed, and the solidification time of the filling material; the constraints of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system include the open-pit coal mine mining and stripping working wall advancement speed, the internal row follow-up speed, the side coal step exposure time, and the open-pit solid waste crushing system capacity.

[0012] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, the nonlinear optimization mathematical model is combined with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, and finding the optimal solution through iterative optimization specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] S21: Determine the objective function of the side filling mining system capacity f(x), the side filling mining constraint function g(x) under complex coal seam conditions, and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open pit mining system on the side filling system;

[0014] S22: Determine the optimization goal to maximize the capacity of the backfill mining system, that is, maxf(x) = h*k*l*t1*ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited to the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advancement distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working day, and ρ is the backfill density;

[0015] S23: Using the sequential quadratic algorithm, the complex nonlinear optimization problem is split into several more easily solvable quadratic programming problems;

[0016] S24: Solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution to the original objective function can be obtained. Repeat this process to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0017] In one example of the present invention, in step S22, in step S22, the maximum capacity of the filling mining system maxf(x) needs to satisfy the condition of the constraint function, and the constraint function condition is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] u1(x)=v1-v3≤0

[0020] u2(x)=v1-v2≤0

[0021]

[0022] g i (x)≤0,u t (x)≤0(i=1,2,...,p)(t=1,2,...,s)

[0023] In the formula, the inequality represents the nonlinear relationship constraint, p refers to the number of constraint variables of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, s refers to the number of constraint variables of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system; e is the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, which depends on the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine equipment; v1 is the filling speed, which depends on the capacity of the existing filling equipment; t2 is the solidification time of the filling material; v2 is the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mining working side, which depends on the capacity of the open-pit coal mining equipment; v3 is the internal row follow-up speed; c is the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, which is determined by the capacity of the solid waste crushing system;

[0024] Among them, the following conditions are met for the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine e, the height of the mining tunnel h, the width of the mining tunnel k, the filling speed v1, the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mining and stripping working side v2, the internal row follow-up speed v3, the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system c, and the daily advancement distance l of the side coal mining machine:

[0025]

[0026] In an example of the present invention, the step S23 specifically includes:

[0027] Firstly, the nonlinear constraint function of complex coal seam conditions side coal filling mining constraint function g(x) and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system are simplified into simple linear functions as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Next, select the iteration point x 1 , using Taylor expansion to simplify the objective function filling mining maximum capacity maxf(x) at this point into a quadratic function, and the following quadratic programming problem is obtained:

[0030]

[0031] In one example of the present invention, in step S30, studying the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters includes:

[0032] Based on the key parameters of side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions, the FLAC 3D The software simulates single coal seam backfill mining and multi-coal seam layered backfill mining, analyzes different backfill mining sequences, coal rock strength, mining tunnel and coal pillar geometry, slope morphology, overburden thickness, backfill strength and backfill top rate factors, and simulates the stress evolution of the slope and the development of the plastic zone during the mining process;

[0033] For multiple layers, special attention should be paid to analyzing the mining sequence of ascending and descending layers. Different mining sequences may lead to different stress and deformation distributions, thus affecting the stability of the slope;

[0034] The spatial arrangement of the mining tunnel directly affects the stress state and deformation characteristics of the slope;

[0035] Study the influence of separation layer thickness on slope instability criterion;

[0036] The influence of different number of layers on slope instability criterion is studied.

[0037] Another object of the present invention is to provide a time-space coordination system for side coal mining, filling and draining under complex coal seam conditions, comprising:

[0038] The constraint factor acquisition unit is configured to analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design filling mining methods that match the side coal types of different open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system;

[0039] The key parameter acquisition unit is configured to analyze and determine the decision variables of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model of side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters of side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions;

[0040] The instability and failure characteristic unit is configured to construct a numerical model of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions. Through the numerical model, different mining plans of filling mining sequence, mining height, mining width, mining length and filling timing are simulated to determine the optimal mining-filling-drainage key parameters, and the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters are studied;

[0041] The space-time coordination scheme unit is configured to obtain the spatial layout relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side-wall filling mining working faces based on the determined optimal open-pit side-wall coal filling mining scheme, thereby determining the space-time coordination scheme of mining-filling-drainage based on slope stability control.

[0042] In one example of the present invention, the constraint factor acquisition unit includes the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions and the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system; wherein, the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions include the occurrence conditions of side coal, the order of up and down filling, the number of layered filling layers, the height of the mining shaft, the width of the mining shaft, the length of the mining shaft, the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, the filling speed, and the solidification time of the filling material; the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system include the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mine mining working side, the internal row follow-up speed, the exposure time of the side coal step, and the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system.

[0043] In an example of the present invention, the key parameter acquisition unit includes:

[0044] A constraint function module is configured to determine the objective function of the side filling mining system capacity f(x), the side filling mining constraint function g(x) under complex coal seam conditions, and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open pit mining system on the side filling system;

[0045] The optimization target module is configured to determine the optimization target as the maximum capacity of the backfill mining system, that is, maxf(x) = h*k*l*t1*ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited to the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advancement distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working day, and ρ is the backfill density;

[0046] A quadratic programming module configured to use a sequential quadratic algorithm to split a complex nonlinear optimization problem into a number of more easily solvable quadratic programming problems;

[0047] The optimal solution module is configured to solve the quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution to the original objective function can be obtained. The process is repeated to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0048] In one example of the present invention, the secondary planning module includes:

[0049] The linear function module is configured to simplify the nonlinear constraint function complex coal seam condition side coal filling mining constraint function g(x) and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system into a simple linear function as follows:

[0050]

[0051] A quadratic function module, configured to select an iteration point x 1 , using Taylor expansion to simplify the objective function filling mining maximum capacity maxf(x) at this point into a quadratic function, and the following quadratic programming problem is obtained:

[0052]

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] It can effectively solve the problem of matching side-filling mining with existing open-pit mining production, realize safe and efficient mining of side-fill coal in complex coal seam conditions, improve the recovery rate of coal resources, and extend the service life of open-pit mines.

[0055] The best embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be easily understood. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, wherein the drawings are only used to illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit all embodiments of the present invention thereto.

[0057] Figure 1 Flow chart of a time-space coordination method for side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 A numerical analysis model diagram of slope instability in sidewall filling mining according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the mining height, mining width and mining length dimensions of the numerical analysis model according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention. The same figure marks in the drawings represent the same parts. It should be noted that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0061] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one" or "one" do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Words such as "include" or "comprise" mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0062] According to the first aspect of the present invention, a time-space coordination method for side coal mining-filling-draining under complex coal seam conditions is provided. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0063] S10: Analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design filling mining methods that match different side coal types in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraints of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraints of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system;

[0064] S20: Analyze and determine the decision variables of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model of side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters of side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions;

[0065] S30: Construct a numerical model for side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions. Use the numerical model to simulate different mining plans for filling mining sequence, mining height, mining width, mining length, and filling timing to determine the optimal mining-filling-drainage key parameters, and study the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters.

[0066] S40: Based on the determined optimal plan for open-pit side coal filling mining, the spatial layout relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side coal filling mining working faces is obtained, so as to determine the mining-filling-drainage time-space coordination plan based on slope stability control.

[0067] This collaborative method establishes a nonlinear optimization model of sidewall filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combines the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, obtains the key parameters of sidewall coal mining-filling-draining under complex coal seam conditions, and determines the optimal solution for open-pit sidewall coal filling mining based on the principle of complex coal seam open-pit slope stability control. This process greatly reduces the temporal and spatial interference between existing open-pit mining and sidewall filling mining, greatly reduces the impact of sidewall mining on the follow-up speed of the internal dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system, ensures the relative consistency of the internal dump tracking speed and the sidewall mining speed, and effectively prevents idle periods in production work. It effectively solves the problem of matching sidewall filling mining with existing open-pit mining production, realizes effective sidewall mining under complex coal seam conditions, improves the recovery rate of coal resources, and extends the service life of open-pit mines.

[0068] It can be understood that the working side first goes up and then goes down, and multiple coal seams are mined with coal backfilling on the side, the inner spoil dump first goes down and then goes up, and multiple coal seams are mined with coal backfilling on the side, and the above mining methods are existing technologies.

[0069] It can be understood that the establishment of a nonlinear optimization model includes: first determining the constraints of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions and the constraints of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system as well as the decision variables, and using MATLAB software and toolbox functions to establish a nonlinear optimization model of side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production.

[0070] It should be noted that the construction of a numerical model for side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions includes: using FLAC3D software to perform three-dimensional modeling of the slope, simulating a model that is highly similar to the actual slope through a basic grid, and then determining the composition of the model and the mechanical characteristics of the material to show the mechanical characteristics of the model under the action of external forces, selecting an elastic model and a Mohr-Coulomb model to simulate elastic and plastic materials, defining the bulk modulus and shear modulus required for the elastic model, and the internal friction angle, dilatancy angle, cohesion, and tensile strength of the material additionally required by the Mohr-Coulomb model, and then adding boundary conditions and initial conditions to obtain the stability of the slope under different mining schemes through calculations.

[0071] In an example of the present invention, in the step S10, the constraints of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions include the side coal occurrence conditions, the up and down filling order, the number of layered filling layers, the mining height, the mining width, the mining length, the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, the filling speed, and the solidification time of the filling material; the constraints of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system include the open-pit coal mine mining and stripping working wall advancement speed, the internal row follow-up speed, the side coal step exposure time, and the open-pit solid waste crushing system capacity.

[0072] In an example of the present invention, in step S20, the decision variable is the side coal filling mining capacity, specifically, including the side coal filling mining efficiency, mining-filling-drainage key parameters, mining parameters, etc.

[0073] In one example of the present invention, in step S20, the nonlinear optimization mathematical model is combined with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, and finding the optimal solution through iterative optimization specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] S21: Determine the objective function of the side filling mining system capacity f(x), the side filling mining constraint function g(x) under complex coal seam conditions, and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open pit mining system on the side filling system;

[0075] S22: Determine the optimization goal to maximize the capacity of the backfill mining system, that is, maxf(x) = h*k*l*t1*ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited to the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advancement distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working day, and ρ is the backfill density;

[0076] S23: Using the sequential quadratic algorithm, the complex nonlinear optimization problem is split into several more easily solvable quadratic programming problems;

[0077] S24: Solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution to the original objective function can be obtained. Repeat this process to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0078] In one example of the present invention, in step S22, in step S22, the maximum capacity of the filling mining system maxf(x) needs to satisfy the condition of the constraint function, and the constraint function condition is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] u1(x)=v1-v3≤0

[0081] u2(x)=v1-v2≤0

[0082]

[0083] g i (x)≤0,u t (x)≤0(i=1,2,...,p)(t=1,2,...,s)

[0084] In the formula, the inequality represents the nonlinear relationship constraint, p refers to the number of constraint variables of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, s refers to the number of constraint variables of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system; e is the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, which depends on the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine equipment; v1 is the filling speed, which depends on the capacity of the existing filling equipment; t2 is the solidification time of the filling material; v2 is the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mining working side, which depends on the capacity of the open-pit coal mining equipment; v3 is the internal row follow-up speed; c is the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, which is determined by the capacity of the solid waste crushing system;

[0085] Among them, the following conditions are met for the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine e, the height of the mining tunnel h, the width of the mining tunnel k, the filling speed v1, the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mining and stripping working side v2, the internal row follow-up speed v3, the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system c, and the daily advancement distance l of the side coal mining machine:

[0086]

[0087] In an example of the present invention, the step S23 specifically includes:

[0088] First, select the iteration point x 1 , using Taylor expansion to simplify the objective function filling mining maximum capacity maxf(x) at this point into a quadratic function, and the following quadratic programming problem is obtained:

[0089]

[0090] Secondly, the nonlinear constraint function of complex coal seam conditions side coal filling mining constraint function g(x) and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system are simplified into simple linear functions as follows:

[0091]

[0092] In one example of the present invention, in step S30, studying the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters includes:

[0093] Based on the key parameters of side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions, FLAC 3DThe software simulates single coal seam backfill mining and multi-coal seam layered backfill mining, analyzes different backfill mining sequences, coal rock strength, mining tunnel and coal pillar geometry, slope morphology, overburden thickness, backfill strength and backfill top rate factors, and simulates the stress evolution of the slope and the development of the plastic zone during the mining process;

[0094] For multiple layers, special attention should be paid to analyzing the mining sequence of ascending and descending layers. Different mining sequences may lead to different stress and deformation distributions, thus affecting the stability of the slope;

[0095] The spatial arrangement of the mining tunnel directly affects the stress state and deformation characteristics of the slope;

[0096] Study the influence of separation layer thickness on slope instability criterion;

[0097] The influence of different number of layers on slope instability criterion is studied.

[0098] According to the second aspect of the present invention, a time-space coordination system for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions comprises:

[0099] The constraint factor acquisition unit is configured to analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design filling mining methods that match the side coal types of different open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system;

[0100] The key parameter acquisition unit is configured to analyze and determine the decision variables of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model of side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters of side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions;

[0101] The instability and failure characteristic unit is configured to construct a numerical model of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions. Through the numerical model, different mining plans of filling mining sequence, mining height, mining width, mining length and filling timing are simulated to determine the optimal mining-filling-drainage key parameters, and the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters are studied;

[0102] The space-time coordination scheme unit is configured to obtain the spatial layout relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side-wall filling mining working faces based on the determined optimal open-pit side-wall coal filling mining scheme, thereby determining the space-time coordination scheme of mining-filling-drainage based on slope stability control.

[0103] The collaborative system establishes a nonlinear optimization model of sidewall filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combines the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, obtains the key parameters of sidewall coal mining-filling-draining under complex coal seam conditions, and determines the optimal solution for open-pit sidewall coal filling mining based on the principle of complex coal seam open-pit slope stability control. This process greatly reduces the temporal and spatial interference between existing open-pit mining and sidewall filling mining, greatly reduces the impact of sidewall mining on the follow-up speed of the internal dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system, ensures the relative consistency of the internal dump tracking speed and the sidewall mining speed, and effectively prevents idle periods in production work. It effectively solves the problem of matching sidewall filling mining with existing open-pit mining production, realizes effective sidewall mining under complex coal seam conditions, improves the recovery rate of coal resources, and extends the service life of open-pit mines.

[0104] In one example of the present invention, the constraint factor acquisition unit includes the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions and the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system; wherein, the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions include the occurrence conditions of side coal, the order of up and down filling, the number of layered filling layers, the height of the mining shaft, the width of the mining shaft, the length of the mining shaft, the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, the filling speed, and the solidification time of the filling material; the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system include the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mine mining working side, the internal row follow-up speed, the exposure time of the side coal step, and the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system.

[0105] In an example of the present invention, the key parameter acquisition unit includes:

[0106] A constraint function module is configured to determine the objective function of the side filling mining system capacity f(x), the side filling mining constraint function g(x) under complex coal seam conditions, and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open pit mining system on the side filling system;

[0107] The optimization target module is configured to determine the optimization target as the maximum capacity of the backfill mining system, that is, maxf(x) = h*k*l*t1*ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited to the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advancement distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working day, and ρ is the backfill density;

[0108] A quadratic programming module configured to use a sequential quadratic algorithm to split a complex nonlinear optimization problem into a number of more easily solvable quadratic programming problems;

[0109] The optimal solution module is configured to solve the quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution to the original objective function can be obtained. The process is repeated to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

[0110] In one example of the present invention, the secondary planning module includes:

[0111] The linear function module is configured to simplify the nonlinear constraint function complex coal seam condition side coal filling mining constraint function g(x) and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system into a simple linear function as follows:

[0112]

[0113] A quadratic function module, configured to select an iteration point x 1 , using Taylor expansion to simplify the objective function filling mining maximum capacity maxf(x) at this point into a quadratic function, and the following quadratic programming problem is obtained:

[0114]

[0115] Specific examples

[0116] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, an open-pit coal mine in Xinjiang was selected. The mine has an approved production capacity of 10 million tons / year. The southern part of the mine has been mined to the boundary of the mining area. The amount of coal resources covered by the southern side wall is as high as 13.5 million tons. There is an urgent need to mine the side wall coal resources. The side wall coal is a very thick coal seam with a thickness of 27 meters and a coal seam inclination of 16°.

[0117] Constraints for side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions:

[0118] 1. The thickness of the side coal is 27m, and the layered mining method is required;

[0119] 2. According to the equipment capacity of the existing side coal mining machine, the mining height range must meet the requirements of 3.0m-5.5m, the mining width must meet the requirements of 2.0m-6.0m, and the mining depth shall not exceed 300m.

[0120] 3. The mining capacity of the side coal mining machine shall not exceed 500,000 t / a.

[0121] 4. The solidification time of open-air solid waste filling materials is 28 days.

[0122] 5. In order to ensure that all side coal mining equipment can complete mining, loading and transportation operations on the flat plate safely and orderly, sufficient working platform width must be reserved.

[0123] For open-pit mining and stripping systems, constraints on the side coal filling system are as follows:

[0124] 1. Some of the soil discharge methods of the existing open-pit mining system are internal discharge methods;

[0125] 2. Side mining affects the speed of the inner dump follow-up and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. At the same time, the inner dump tracking speed will affect the speed of side mining.

[0126] 3. The particle size of open-air solid waste should be ≤10mm, and the production capacity of a single crushing system should be ≤200t / h.

[0127] A nonlinear optimization model of side ridge filling mining and existing open-pit mining production was established. The nonlinear optimization mathematical model was combined with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm to obtain the key parameters of side ridge coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions: the capacity of the side ridge mining system is 500,000 tons / year, and the capacity of the side ridge filling system is 700,000 tons / year.

[0128] Based on the above complex coal seam conditions, the key parameters of side coal mining, filling and drainage are analyzed using FLAC 3D The numerical model was established by software. The model is a stepped trapezoidal model with a length × width × height of 800m × 300m × 200m. One side of the model is constrained to move in the horizontal direction, and the bottom is constrained to move in the vertical direction. The Mohr-Coulomb model was used. The influence of different mining heights, mining widths, and mining lengths on the stress evolution law of the coal seam slope after mining was studied. The plastic zone and stress spatial distribution law of the slope in the study area after coal mining under different conditions were analyzed. The numerical analysis model is as follows: Figure 2 Finally, based on the principle of complex coal seam open-pit slope stability control, the optimal solution for open-pit side coal filling mining is determined as follows:

[0129] a. Layered mining height

[0130] The mining is divided into 5 layers. The mining height of the lower four layers is 5.5m. The mining height of the uppermost layer is determined according to the thickness of the coal seam and does not exceed 5.5m.

[0131] b. Width of mining tunnel

[0132] The width of the mining tunnel is 3.3m

[0133] c. Mining length

[0134] The length of the mining tunnel is 280m

[0135] d. Working platform width

[0136] The minimum width of the working platform for side coal mining is determined to be 80m

[0137] e. The cemented filling material is used as the filling material for the side coal filling mining. The design advancement distance for each cycle is 26m. The range is divided into 8 strips at intervals of 3.3m, with a mining height of 5.5m, and all filling mining. After the mining and filling operation is completed, the side of this area will be unloaded and the soil will be discharged to prepare the working platform space for the upper layer mining. The above steps are repeated to complete a "mining, filling and discharging" process of layered side coal filling mining.

[0138] This collaborative method establishes a nonlinear optimization model of sidewall filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combines the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, obtains the key parameters of sidewall coal mining-filling-draining under complex coal seam conditions, and determines the optimal solution for open-pit sidewall coal filling mining based on the principle of complex coal seam open-pit slope stability control. This process greatly reduces the temporal and spatial interference between existing open-pit mining and sidewall filling mining, greatly reduces the impact of sidewall mining on the follow-up speed of the internal dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system, ensures the relative consistency of the internal dump tracking speed and the sidewall mining speed, and effectively prevents idle periods in production work. It effectively solves the problem of matching sidewall filling mining with existing open-pit mining production, realizes effective sidewall mining under complex coal seam conditions, improves the recovery rate of coal resources, and extends the service life of open-pit mines.

[0139] Specifically, the mining and filling parameters obtained by this method are: 500,000 tons / year of sidewall mining, 690,000 tons / year of sidewall filling, and the optimal sidewall coal filling mining volume that can be obtained while minimizing the mutual influence between the sidewall mining and the follow-up speed of the inner dump and the layout of the open-pit mining transportation system. The disadvantages of low efficiency and low benefits caused by open-pit mining and inner dumping in traditional sidewall filling mining are avoided to a great extent. The service life of open-pit mines is effectively extended and the waste of open-pit coal mine resources is reduced.

[0140] The exemplary implementation scheme of the spatiotemporal coordination method and system for side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions proposed in the present invention is described in detail above with reference to the preferred embodiments. However, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that, without departing from the concept of the present invention, various modifications and variations can be made to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and various technical features and structures proposed in the present invention can be combined in various ways without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is determined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions, characterized in that: The steps include: S10: Analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design filling mining methods that match different side coal types in open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraints of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraints of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system; S20: Analyze and determine the decision variables of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model of side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters of side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions; S30: Construct a numerical model for side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions. Use the numerical model to simulate different mining plans for filling mining sequence, mining height, mining width, mining length, and filling timing to determine the optimal mining-filling-drainage key parameters, and study the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters. S40: Based on the determined optimal plan for open-pit side coal filling mining, the spatial layout relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side coal filling mining working faces is obtained, so as to determine the mining-filling-drainage time-space coordination plan based on slope stability control.

2. The time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step S10, the constraints of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions include the side coal occurrence conditions, the up and down filling order, the number of layered filling layers, the mining height, the mining width, the mining length, the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, the filling speed, and the solidification time of the filling material; the constraints of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system include the open-pit coal mine mining and stripping working wall advancement speed, the internal row follow-up speed, the side coal step exposure time, and the open-pit solid waste crushing system capacity.

3. The time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S20, the nonlinear optimization mathematical model is combined with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm to find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, which specifically includes the following steps: S21: Determine the objective function of the side filling mining system capacity f(x), the side filling mining constraint function g(x) under complex coal seam conditions, and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open-pit mining system on the side filling system; S22: Determine the optimization goal to maximize the capacity of the backfill mining system, that is, maxf(x) = h*k*l*t1*ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited to the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advancement distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working day, and ρ is the backfill density; S23: Using the sequential quadratic algorithm, the complex nonlinear optimization problem is split into several more easily solvable quadratic programming problems; S24: Solve this quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution to the original objective function can be obtained. Repeat this process to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

4. The time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S22, in step S22, the maximum capacity of the filling mining system maxf(x) needs to meet the conditions of the constraint function, and the constraint function conditions are as follows: u1(x)=v1-v3≤0 u2(x)=v1-v2≤0 g i (x)≤0,u t (x)≤0(i=1,2,...,p)(t=1,2,...,s) In the formula, the inequality represents the nonlinear relationship constraint, p refers to the number of constraint variables of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, s refers to the number of constraint variables of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system; e is the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, which depends on the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine equipment; v1 is the filling speed, which depends on the capacity of the existing filling equipment; t2 is the solidification time of the filling material; v2 is the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mining working side, which depends on the capacity of the open-pit coal mining equipment; v3 is the internal row follow-up speed; c is the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system, which is determined by the capacity of the solid waste crushing system; Among them, the following conditions are met for the daily mining capacity of the side coal mining machine e, the height of the mining tunnel h, the width of the mining tunnel k, the filling speed v1, the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mining and stripping working side v2, the internal row follow-up speed v3, the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system c, and the daily advancement distance l of the side coal mining machine:

5. The time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S23 specifically includes: Firstly, the nonlinear constraint function of complex coal seam conditions side coal filling mining constraint function g(x) and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system are simplified into simple linear functions as follows: Next, select the iteration point x 1 , using Taylor expansion to simplify the objective function filling mining maximum capacity maxf(x) at this point into a quadratic function, and the following quadratic programming problem is obtained:

6. The time-space coordination method for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S30, studying the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters includes: Based on the key parameters of side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions, FLAC 3D The software simulates single coal seam backfill mining and multi-coal seam layered backfill mining, analyzes different backfill mining sequences, coal rock strength, mining tunnel and coal pillar geometry, slope morphology, overburden thickness, backfill strength and backfill top rate factors, and simulates the stress evolution of the slope and the development of the plastic zone during the mining process; For multiple layers, special attention should be paid to analyzing the mining sequence of ascending and descending layers. Different mining sequences may lead to different stress and deformation distributions, thus affecting the stability of the slope; The spatial arrangement of the mining tunnel directly affects the stress state and deformation characteristics of the slope; Study the influence of separation layer thickness on slope instability criterion; The influence of different number of layers on slope instability criterion is studied.

7. A time-space coordination system for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions, characterized in that: include: The constraint factor acquisition unit is configured to analyze the occurrence characteristics of complex coal seams in open-pit coal mines with multiple and thick coal seams, design filling mining methods that match the side coal types of different open-pit coal mines, obtain the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, and combine the existing mining system of open-pit coal mines to give the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system; The key parameter acquisition unit is configured to analyze and determine the decision variables of the side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions, establish a nonlinear optimization model of side coal filling mining and existing open-pit mining production, combine the nonlinear optimization mathematical model with the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, find the optimal solution through iterative optimization, and obtain the key parameters of side coal mining-filling-drainage under complex coal seam conditions; The instability and failure characteristic unit is configured to construct a numerical model of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions. Through the numerical model, different mining plans of filling mining sequence, mining height, mining width, mining length and filling timing are simulated to determine the optimal mining-filling-drainage key parameters, and the instability and failure characteristics of open-pit slopes under different side coal filling mining parameters are studied; The space-time coordination scheme unit is configured to obtain the spatial layout relationship between the existing open-pit mining and side-wall filling mining working faces based on the determined optimal open-pit side-wall coal filling mining scheme, thereby determining the space-time coordination scheme of mining-filling-drainage based on slope stability control.

8. The time-space coordination system for side coal mining, filling and draining under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The constraint factor acquisition unit includes the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions and the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system; among them, the constraint factors of side coal filling mining under complex coal seam conditions include the occurrence conditions of side coal, the up and down filling order, the number of layered filling layers, the height of the mining shaft, the width of the mining shaft, the length of the mining shaft, the mining capacity of the side coal mining machine, the filling speed, and the solidification time of the filling material; the constraint factors of the existing open-pit mining and stripping system on the side coal filling system include the advancement speed of the open-pit coal mine mining and stripping working side, the internal row follow-up speed, the exposure time of the side coal step, and the capacity of the open-pit solid waste crushing system.

9. The time-space coordination system for side coal mining, filling and draining under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The key parameter acquisition unit includes: A constraint function module is configured to determine the objective function of the side filling mining system capacity f(x), the side filling mining constraint function g(x) under complex coal seam conditions, and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open pit mining system on the side filling system; The optimization target module is configured to determine the optimization target as the maximum capacity of the backfill mining system, that is, maxf(x) = h*k*l*t1*ρ; where h is the height of the mining tunnel, k is the width of the mining tunnel, which are respectively limited to the height and width of the side coal mining machine, l is the daily advancement distance of the side coal mining machine, t1 is the annual working day, and ρ is the backfill density; A quadratic programming module configured to use a sequential quadratic algorithm to split a complex nonlinear optimization problem into a number of more easily solvable quadratic programming problems; The optimal solution module is configured to solve the quadratic programming problem and use the solution as the direction of the next iteration. Through this step, an approximate solution to the original objective function can be obtained. The process is repeated to continuously improve the fit between the solution and the objective function solution, thereby obtaining the optimal solution required by the original objective function.

10. The time-space coordination system for side coal mining, filling and drainage under complex coal seam conditions according to claim 9 is characterized in that: The secondary planning module includes: The linear function module is configured to simplify the nonlinear constraint function complex coal seam condition side coal filling mining constraint function g(x) and the constraint function u(x) of the existing open-pit mining system on the side coal filling system into a simple linear function as follows: A quadratic function module, configured to select an iteration point x 1 , using Taylor expansion to simplify the objective function filling mining maximum capacity maxf(x) at this point into a quadratic function, and the following quadratic programming problem is obtained:

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