Decision-making system and method for forest tillage replacement of broken cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land planning, and discloses a decision-making system and method for forest tillage replacement of broken cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining the area information of a to-be-researched region; 2, dividing the to-be-studied area by taking a village boundary as a unit to generate a plurality of village boundary units; 3, based on the characteristics of the hilly and mountainous areas, constructing a cultivated land cultivation suitability evaluation and forest land forestry suitability evaluation index system; 4, determining an evaluation index weight in the evaluation index system by adopting an entropy weight method; step 5, performing cultivation suitability evaluation and forest suitability evaluation on the cultivated land pattern spots and the forest land pattern spots respectively; and 6, delimiting a tilling suitability grade and a forestry suitability grade of each village boundary unit in the to-be-researched area, and determining a forest tilling replacement type of each village boundary unit. According to the method, the forest cultivation replacement types can be accurately evaluated, the corresponding forest cultivation replacement decision-making modes can be determined according to different forest cultivation replacement types, and forest cultivation replacement countermeasures with hilly and mountainous area characteristics can be formulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of land planning, and in particular to a decision-making system and method for replacing forestry with fragmented cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] Forest-farm replacement is a method to optimize the allocation and utilization efficiency of land resources. It involves adjusting the cultivated land on the hillside to the foot of the mountain, and adjusting the fruit trees and forests at the foot of the mountain to the hillside to optimize the agricultural spatial layout. The main purpose is to achieve the rational allocation and efficient utilization of land resources by adjusting the land use and function, so as to promote urban development and sustainable social and economic development. The core of forest-farm replacement is to optimize the agricultural spatial layout, realize the concentration and contiguousness of cultivated land, improve the quality of cultivated land, and improve the cultivated layer of cultivated land, thereby consolidating the foundation of food security. Forest-farm replacement usually needs to consider factors such as ecological environment, site conditions, and location conditions, and evaluate the impact on cultivated land protection, forest coverage and canopy density, and the realization of the value of forestry ecological products.

[0003] In the existing technical solutions for forest-farm replacement, most of the technical paths are simply implemented according to terrain factors. They do not fully combine natural background conditions, location factors and terrain conditions, which will lead to the incorrect division of some suitable land for cultivation or forest, and the corresponding results lack scientificity and accuracy. Some relatively more comprehensive planning schemes do not actually directly stipulate the forest-farm replacement technology, are not suitable for forest-farm replacement scenarios, and have technical defects. For example, the patent with publication number CN114677045A discloses an ecological protection and restoration planning zoning method based on ecological evaluation. This method involves the field of ecological protection and restoration planning. At the village level, the area of ​​ecological protection areas and ecological degradation areas at each village boundary is calculated, and the type of ecological restoration is determined according to the ratio of the two, and the main ecological problems and restoration plans are clarified. For example, the patent with publication number CN118735328A discloses a method for suitability evaluation and reclamation priority zoning of rural construction land, which involves the field of land evaluation technology. It collects and calculates the suitability evaluation indicators of demolition and reclamation of rural construction land and establishes a corresponding indicator system. The suitability evaluation results of demolition and reclamation are calculated by the combined weighting method. On this basis, a reclamation priority zoning model is established to divide the implementation areas of different levels into priority levels and provide substantive suggestions.

[0004] The defects of these schemes are as follows: (1) The evaluation scale is not precise enough; the minimum evaluation scale proposed by the existing technical scheme is the village-level unit, which is difficult to directly apply to the map level. It is difficult to implement in practice for forest-farm replacement and can only provide certain directional guidance, but cannot directly provide decision-making reference. (2) It is easily affected by subjective factors; the weight evaluation of the existing technical scheme adopts a combined weighting method, that is, the entropy weight method and the hierarchical analysis method are used to comprehensively assign weights. This method is easily affected by some subjective factors and cannot truly reflect the actual situation of the evaluation area. (3) The efficiency is poor; the implementation efficiency of the existing technical scheme is not high. It is difficult to directly obtain the evaluation results of forest-farm replacement through the existing technology, and it cannot provide guidance value for the actual forest-farm replacement. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a decision-making system and method for forest-farm replacement of fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas, which can accurately evaluate the types of forest-farm replacement, clarify the corresponding forest-farm replacement decision-making modes for different types of forest-farm replacement, and formulate forest-farm replacement countermeasures with regional characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following basic solutions.

[0007] Solution 1

[0008] A decision-making method for replacing forest with cultivated land in fragmented cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step 1, obtaining the area information of the area to be studied;

[0010] Step 2: divide the study area into units based on village boundaries and generate multiple village boundary units;

[0011] Step 3: Based on the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas, construct an evaluation index system for the suitability of cultivated land for cultivation and the suitability of forest land for forestry according to the characteristics of mountainous areas, the distribution and quality characteristics of cultivated land, and the distribution and quality characteristics of forest land;

[0012] Step 4: for each village boundary unit, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of the evaluation indicators in the evaluation index system of cultivated land suitability and forestland suitability;

[0013] Step 5, obtaining relevant information of cultivated land and forest land in the study area, and evaluating the suitability of cultivated land and forest land for cultivation and forest respectively, including constructing a matter-element model, calculating the suitability index of cultivated land and forest land for all cultivated land and forest land based on the weight of the evaluation index and in combination with the matter-element model, and obtaining the suitability grade of cultivated land for all cultivated land and the suitability grade of forest for all forest land according to the suitability index of cultivated land and forest for all forest land;

[0014] Step 6: Delineate the farmland suitability level and forest suitability level of each village boundary unit in the study area, and determine the forest-farmland replacement type of each village boundary unit.

[0015] Solution 2

[0016] A decision-making system for replacing forestry with fragmented cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas, used to implement a decision-making method for replacing forestry with fragmented cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas as described in Scheme 1; comprising an information acquisition module, an information processing module and a decision-making module;

[0017] The information acquisition module is used to obtain the area information of the area to be studied, and the related information of cultivated land and forest land;

[0018] The information processing module is used to divide the study area into units of village boundaries to generate multiple village boundary units; based on the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas, the cultivated land distribution and quality characteristics, and the forest land distribution and quality characteristics are used to construct the cultivated land suitability evaluation and forest land suitability evaluation index system; for each village boundary unit, the entropy weight method is used to determine the evaluation index weights in the cultivated land suitability evaluation and forest land suitability evaluation index system;

[0019] The decision module is used to evaluate the suitability of cultivated land and forest land for cultivation and forestry, respectively, including constructing a matter-element model, calculating the suitability index of cultivated land and forestry for all cultivated land and forestry for all forest land based on the weight of the evaluation index in combination with the matter-element model, and obtaining the suitability grade of cultivated land for all cultivated land and the suitability grade of forestry for all forest land according to the suitability index of cultivated land and forestry for all forestry for all forestry for all forestry for cultivation; and delineating the suitability grade of cultivated land and forestry for each village boundary unit in the study area, and determining the type of forest-cultivation replacement for each village boundary unit.

[0020] The working principle and advantages of the present invention are:

[0021] The present invention provides a decision-making system and method for replacing forestry with farmland in fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas, which can accurately evaluate the types of forestry replacement, clarify the corresponding decision-making modes for forestry replacement according to different types of forestry replacement, and formulate forestry replacement strategies with regional characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas. The key points are:

[0022] First, this plan has built a detailed and complete evaluation system for forest-farm replacement, and the decision-making is accurate and effective. Starting from the three dimensions of mountain characteristics, cultivated land distribution and quality characteristics, and forest land distribution and quality characteristics, this plan has set up a complete evaluation index system and weight system, which can evaluate suitability at the map level and evaluate regional natural endowments from a more micro perspective, thereby providing a regional forest-farm replacement strategy with more local characteristics.

[0023] Second, the analysis process of this scheme is objective, and the analysis results are more scientific and reliable. This scheme first evaluates the suitability of cultivated land and forest land, and then comprehensively judges the forest-cultivation replacement situation of village boundary units, which can reflect the differences between cultivated land and forest land. Secondly, this scheme combines the entropy weight method and the matter-element model to confirm the indicator weights and assess the level of suitable for forest and cultivated land. Among them, the entropy weight method can objectively reflect the change range of each indicator, and also reflect the differences and correlations between the indicators, so that the evaluation results can more accurately reflect the actual situation. The matter-element model can convert qualitative information into quantitative information. In this scheme, the suitability for cultivated land and forest land are evaluated separately. On the basis of the technical route of combining the two to divide the forest-cultivation replacement types of village boundary units, the use of the matter-element model can effectively eliminate the impact of different evaluation indicators between forest land and cultivated land, make them comparable, and thus improve the objectivity and accuracy of the evaluation results.

[0024] Third, the practical operation process of this scheme is simple and the implementation efficiency is high. The operation of this scheme can be carried out based on the existing Excel software and ArcGIS software, and can output concrete forest-farm replacement type results and forest-farm replacement decisions.

[0025] Fourth, this scheme provides an effective solution to the problem of forest-cultivation replacement in special types of areas (hilly and mountainous areas), and can provide a reliable reference for forest-cultivation replacement decisions in hilly and mountainous areas. Among them, the present invention focuses on the analysis of the special conditions of hilly and mountainous areas, and adds the special factors of hilly and mountainous areas into the index system, so that the formulated evaluation index system is applicable to the special geographical unit of hilly and mountainous areas, and can fully reflect the fragmented distribution of cultivated land and the terrain characteristics of the mountains. The present invention can fill the gap in the forest-cultivation replacement strategy in hilly and mountainous areas and provide a reference for forest-cultivation replacement decisions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a method flow diagram of an embodiment of a decision-making system and method for replacing fragmented cultivated land with forestry in hilly and mountainous areas of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the arable land suitability level in accordance with an embodiment of a decision-making system and method for replacing fragmented arable land with forestry in a hilly and mountainous area according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of forestland suitable for afforestation grades in accordance with an embodiment of a decision-making system and method for replacing fragmented arable land with afforestation in a hilly and mountainous area according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the forest-cultivation replacement types of an embodiment of a decision-making system and method for replacing forest with cultivated land in fragmented cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation methods:

[0031] The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown: A decision-making method for replacing forest with cultivated land in fragmented cultivated land in hilly and mountainous areas, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Obtain the area information of the area to be studied.

[0033] Step 2: Divide the study area based on village boundaries to generate multiple village boundary units.

[0034] Step 3: Based on the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas, construct an index system for evaluating the suitability of cultivated land for cultivation and the suitability of forest land for forestry according to the characteristics of mountainous areas, the distribution and quality characteristics of cultivated land, and the distribution and quality characteristics of forest land.

[0035] The mountainous area characteristics include slope, altitude, nearest distance, average plot area, plot regularity, concentration and contiguousness, etc. The indicators covered by this characteristic can directly or indirectly reflect the geographical conditions of the plot in the hilly and mountainous areas, the site conditions of the plot, etc., and can accurately reflect whether the plot is fragmented or located in the mountains.

[0036] The distribution and quality characteristics of cultivated land include indicators such as soil texture, soil layer thickness, organic matter content, irrigation conditions, drainage conditions, distance from residential areas, traffic accessibility, and the influence of central towns.

[0037] The forest land distribution and quality characteristics include indicators such as soil texture, soil layer thickness, organic matter content, transportation accessibility, and distance from settlements.

[0038] Step 4: For each village boundary unit, use Excel software and the entropy weight method to determine the weights of the evaluation indicators in the index system for evaluating the suitability of cultivated land and the suitability of forestland for forestry.

[0039] When determining the weights of evaluation indicators, the following steps are included:

[0040] Determine the information entropy of each evaluation indicator; the greater the information entropy of the evaluation indicator, the greater the corresponding evaluation indicator weight;

[0041] The information entropy value of the jth evaluation index is:

[0042] In the formula, K is a constant, m is the number of system samples (specifically the number of spots here); and the value of the constant is related to the number of system samples m. For a system with completely disordered information, the order is 0, and its entropy value is the largest, e = 1. When m samples are in a completely disordered distribution state, at this time The information utility value d of a certain evaluation index jThe information entropy e depends on the evaluation index j Difference from 1: d j =1-e j , d j The larger the value is, the more information the indicator can provide, and a larger indicator weight should be given;

[0043] The weight w of the jth indicator j for:

[0044] In steps 3 and 4, using the map patch as the basic unit for system samples or related index calculations can fully analyze regional information from a more microscopic level; in subsequent steps, using the village boundary unit as the basic unit for related analysis and calculation can improve the practicability of this solution.

[0045] Step 5, through ArcGIS software, obtain relevant information on cultivated land and forest land in the study area, and evaluate the suitability of cultivated land and forest land respectively, including constructing a matter-element model, calculating the suitability index of cultivated land and forest land for all cultivated land and forest land based on the weight of evaluation indicators and combining the matter-element model, and obtaining the suitability grade of all cultivated land and the suitability grade of all forest land based on the suitability index and forest land.

[0046] Among them, the suitability index for cultivated land refers to whether the cultivated land is suitable for cultivated land, and the suitability index for forest land refers to whether the forest land is suitable for forest land. These two indices correspond to the final calculation results of the matter-element model, that is, the suitability index for cultivated land corresponds to the result index of the cultivated land, and the suitability index for forest land corresponds to the result index of the forest land.

[0047] In this step, the object element model building includes the following steps:

[0048] Determine the classical domain matrix and the section domain matrix in the matter-element model;

[0049] The classical domain matrix is:

[0050] In the formula, R oj is the classical domain matter element; N oj is the jth evaluation level of suitability for cultivation and forestry, j = (1, 2, ... n); here, the evaluation level refers to the suitability for cultivation and forestry, where the suitability for cultivation includes four levels: suitable, relatively suitable, generally suitable, and unsuitable; the suitability for forestry includes three levels: suitable, generally suitable, and unsuitable. By setting multiple levels, the conditions of cultivated land can be identified more finely, which is convenient for accurate matching of policy needs.

[0051] C i is the i-th evaluation index; (a oj1,b oj1 ) corresponds to the value range of evaluation level j, that is, the determination of the classical domain section domain;

[0052] The section matrix of the evaluation index is:

[0053] In the formula, R p V is the field matter element; pi =(a p1 ,b p1 ), is the domain matter element with respect to the feature C i The value range of p is all levels of suitability for cultivation and forestry.

[0054] When calculating the suitability level of cultivated land and the suitability level of forest land, the following steps are included:

[0055] Set the correlation function K(x);

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, K(x i ) is the correlation between the i-th evaluation index and the suitability for cultivation or forestation;

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, ρ(X,X o ) represents the point X and the finite interval X o =[a o ,b o ]; ρ(X,X p ) represents the point X and the finite interval X p =[a p ,b p ]; X, X o , X p They represent the magnitude of the forest-farming replacement type matter-element to be evaluated, the magnitude range of the classical domain matter-element, and the magnitude range of the node domain matter-element, respectively. o =|b o -a o |;

[0060] Objects to be evaluated N x The comprehensive correlation degree K of level j j (N x )for:

[0061] In the formula, K j (N x ) is the object to be evaluated N x The comprehensive correlation of level j; k j (x i) is the object to be evaluated N x Single index correlation degree j = (1, 2, ... m) for level j; a i Represents the weight of each evaluation indicator;

[0062] If K ji =max[k j (x i )], j = 1, 2, ... n; then the object to be evaluated - the i-th evaluation index, belongs to the standard level j of the forest-farm replacement type;

[0063] If K jx =max[K j (N x )],j=1,2,…n; then the object to be evaluated is --N x , which belongs to the standard grade j of forest-farm replacement type.

[0064] Here, the standard levels of forest-cultivation replacement types refer to the arable land suitability level and the forest suitability level.

[0065] The value of the correlation degree k(x) on the real axis represents the degree to which the object to be evaluated belongs to a certain standard of the forest-farming replacement type. Among them, the correlation degree of the matter-element model expands the logical value from the [0, 1] closed area of ​​fuzzy mathematics to the (-∞, +∞) real axis, which is richer than the membership degree of fuzzy mathematics and can reveal more differentiation information: when k(x)≥1, it means that the object to be evaluated exceeds the upper limit of the standard object, and the larger the value, the greater the correlation; when 0≤k(x)<1, it means the degree to which the object to be evaluated meets the requirements of the standard object, and the larger the value, the closer to the upper limit of the standard; when -1≤k(x)<0, it means that the object to be evaluated does not meet the requirements of the standard object, but has the conditions to be transformed into a standard object, and the larger the value, the easier it is to transform; when k(x)<-1, it means that the object to be evaluated does not meet the requirements of the standard object and does not have the conditions to be transformed into a standard object.

[0066] Step 6: Delineate the farmland suitability level and forest suitability level of each village boundary unit in the study area, and determine the forest-farmland replacement type of each village boundary unit.

[0067] Specifically, the types of forest-farm replacement include farmland restoration, forestland conservation, coordinated protection, and comprehensive development.

[0068] In this step, the conditions of cultivated land and forest land within each village boundary unit are confirmed based on the suitability levels of all cultivated land areas and the suitability levels of all forest land areas.

[0069] Specifically, here, a village boundary unit is taken as the smallest unit, and the suitability of cultivation / forest land of all cultivated land / forest plots belonging to the same village boundary unit is counted. The ratio of the area of ​​cultivated land with suitable and relatively suitable suitability to the total area of ​​cultivated land in the village boundary unit is taken as the suitability of cultivation of the village boundary unit, and the ratio of the area of ​​forest land with suitable and generally suitable suitability to the total area of ​​forest land in the village boundary unit is taken as the suitability of forest land of the village boundary unit. All cultivated land and forest plots are judged according to this standard, and then the conditions of cultivated land and forest land in each village boundary unit are confirmed.

[0070] This scheme is set up in this way to avoid judging the replacement of forest and farmland on a certain map block alone, and avoid the work being unworkable. Since forest and farmland replacement involves a wide range of aspects and many complex factors to consider, it is not practical to make a separate judgment on the map block level. This scheme chooses to use the village as the smallest unit for statistics, which can maintain practical operability and flexibility at the same time.

[0071] According to the cultivated land conditions within the village boundary unit, the cultivated land suitability index is calculated, and the proportion of suitable cultivated land is counted to form the suitable cultivated land grade of each village boundary unit. The calculation formula is: na =S eia / S eda ×100%;

[0072] Among them, f na is the ratio of the arable land area to the total arable land area of ​​the nth village boundary unit; S eia is the area of ​​arable land in the nth village boundary unit; S eda is the total cultivated land area of ​​the nth village boundary unit.

[0073] According to the forestland conditions within the village boundary unit, the forestland suitability index is calculated, the proportion of suitable forestland is counted, and the forestland suitability level of each village boundary unit is formed. The calculation formula is: nb =S eib / S edb ×100%.

[0074] Among them, f nb is the ratio of the suitable forest land area to the total forest land area of ​​the nth village boundary unit; S eib is the area of ​​suitable forest land in the nth village boundary unit; S edb is the total forest area of ​​the nth village boundary unit.

[0075] When determining the forest-farming replacement type for each village boundary unit, when f na ≥x and f nb When f < y, the village boundary unit is of the cultivated land restoration type; when f na <x and f nb When f < y, the village boundary unit is of the cooperative protection type; when f na≥x and f nb ≥y, the village boundary unit is of comprehensive development type; when f na <x and f nb When ≥y, the village boundary unit is of forest conservation type.

[0076] Among them, f na is the arable suitability level of the village boundary unit, f nb is the forest suitability level of the village boundary unit; x, y are preset thresholds. In this embodiment, x = 0.5, y = 0.4.

[0077] Step 7: Make forest-farm replacement decisions based on the forest-farm replacement types of each village boundary unit.

[0078] Specifically, according to the type of forest-farmland replacement, the forest-farmland replacement zone to which each forest-farmland replacement type belongs is identified, and a forest-farmland replacement decision-making model is formulated.

[0079] The forest-farmland replacement zones include farmland restoration zones, forest conservation zones, coordinated protection zones, and comprehensive development zones. The correspondence between the forest-farmland replacement types and the forest-farmland replacement zones is: the farmland restoration type corresponds to the farmland restoration zone, the forest conservation type corresponds to the forest conservation zone, the coordinated protection type corresponds to the coordinated protection zone, and the comprehensive development type corresponds to the comprehensive development zone.

[0080] In this embodiment, different forest-farm replacement zones correspond to different forest-farm replacement decisions.

[0081] For example, in the cultivated land restoration area, the characteristics of this area are gentle terrain, developed road network, good economic conditions, and good quality cultivated land, which is concentrated and contiguous, with the main focus on creating high-quality cultivated land contiguous areas. Combined with the regional economic and social development, comprehensive industries such as production and marketing of characteristic agricultural products, popular science education, and study tours are developed to give full play to the location and industrial advantages.

[0082] Forest conservation area, this area is high in terrain and suitable for forest development, mainly for forest restoration. The cultivated land in this area is scattered, of low quality, and has poor road accessibility. Forest conservation area should focus on ecological restoration. Most areas in the area are suitable for tree growth. Non-destructive leisure and recreation, tourism, and science education projects are allowed to highlight the ecological restoration function of the area.

[0083] In the collaborative protection area, the quality of cultivated land and forest land in the area is relatively low, and the natural environment endowment is poor, so protection and restoration are the main focus. At the same time, in order to ensure that the quality of regional cultivated land is not reduced, the overall ecological environment is not disturbed, and the stability of the national security pattern is maintained, it is necessary to carry out environmental governance and cultivated land protection in the region in an orderly manner.

[0084] Comprehensive development zone: the quality of cultivated land and forest land in this area is higher than that in the coordinated protection zone. The region is generally located in a hilly area, and the suitability of cultivated land and forest land are relatively high. This area should focus on soil and water conservation and forest species improvement, and comprehensively consider the integrity, coordination, safety and functional improvement of land resources, and carry out ecological relocation in nature reserves and protection of biodiversity of mountain wild animals and plants in an orderly manner.

[0085] An application example is introduced here to specifically illustrate the application effect of this solution.

[0086] Taking Fuling District of Chongqing as an example, the present scheme is applied to formulate the decision of forest-farm replacement in hilly and mountainous areas. Fuling District is located in the upper reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the heart of Chongqing. It is a typical hilly and mountainous area. Taking Fuling District as an example, the present invention can fully reflect the prominent role of the present invention in constructing the decision of forest-farm replacement in hilly and mountainous areas.

[0087] The following steps are involved:

[0088] Step 1: Obtain the area information of the area to be studied.

[0089] Step 2: Divide the study area based on village boundaries to generate multiple village boundary units.

[0090] Step 3: Based on the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas, construct an index system for evaluating the suitability of cultivated land for cultivation and the suitability of forest land for forestry according to the characteristics of mountainous areas, the distribution and quality characteristics of cultivated land, and the distribution and quality characteristics of forest land.

[0091] Step 4: for each village boundary unit, using Excel software, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of the evaluation indicators in the evaluation index system of cultivated land suitability and forestland suitability; including the following sub-steps:

[0092] S4.1, using ArcGIS software, extract the original cultivated land patches and forest patches, as well as the altitude and slope (corresponding to the mountainous area characteristics) of the original cultivated land patches and forest patches, and form an original patch data table.

[0093] Specifically, in ArcGIS software, the original cultivated land and forest land patches are extracted from the 2023 land change survey database, and the cultivated land (dry land, paddy field) patches and forest land (arbor forest land, shrub forest land, bamboo forest land and other forest land) patches are extracted from the land class name (DLMC) field respectively, and the altitude and slope of the original cultivated land and forest land patches are extracted.

[0094] In Data Management Tool > Feature > Feature to Points, convert the cultivated land patches and forest patches into points, assign DEM data to the points, and in Spatial Analyst Tool > Extraction > Extract Value to Points, input the point features and select the cultivated land patches and forest patches generated in the previous step, select DEM data for the raster, link the point data to the original cultivated land patches and forest patches with the BSM field as the only field, and copy the altitude field to the original cultivated land patches and forest patches data table (i.e., the original patch data table).

[0095] S4.2, based on soil survey data, link four data of soil texture, soil layer thickness, slope and organic matter content (corresponding to the distribution and quality characteristics of cultivated land, as well as the distribution and quality characteristics of forest land) to the original cultivated land map patches and forest land map patches.

[0096] Specifically, the four data of soil texture, soil layer thickness, slope and organic matter content are linked to the original cultivated land and forest map patches from the soil survey data. The BSM field is used as the only field, and the soil survey data are connected to the cultivated land data and forest land data respectively. The four fields of soil texture, soil layer thickness, slope and organic matter content are copied to the original map data table respectively.

[0097] S4.3, obtain eight data including irrigation conditions, drainage conditions, distance to residential areas, traffic accessibility, forest continuity, proximity, plot area, and plot regularity (corresponding to the distribution and quality characteristics of cultivated land, the distribution and quality characteristics of forest land, and the characteristics of mountainous areas), and link them to the original cultivated land and forest map patches.

[0098] Among them, the irrigation and drainage conditions are obtained through the cultivated land quality grade data. In the analysis tool (analysttool) > neighborhood analysis (near) > near analysis (near), the original cultivated land map patches are matched with the nearest cultivated land quality grade patches, and then FID is used as the only field to link the irrigation and drainage conditions in the near analysis result layer and copy them to the original cultivated land map patches.

[0099] When calculating the distance to the settlement, the rural settlement data is extracted from the 2023 land change survey database, and the rural settlement data is extracted from the land class name (DLMC) field, and the patches with an area of ​​less than 100 square meters (that is, the shapearea field is less than 100) are eliminated. In the analysis tool (analyst tool) > Neighborhood Analysis (near) > Near Analysis (near), the distance to the rural settlement patch closest to the original cultivated land patch and forest map patch is calculated, and the FID is used as the only field. The distance field in the nearby analysis result layer is copied to the original cultivated land patch and forest map patch.

[0100] When calculating traffic accessibility, traffic road data is extracted from the 2023 land change survey database, and traffic road data (including urban and rural road land, highway land, and rural roads) is extracted from the land class name (DLMC) field. In the analysis tool (analyst tool)>Neighborhood Analysis (near)>Neighbor Analysis (near), the distance to the traffic road patch closest to the original cultivated land and forest map patch is calculated, and FID is used as the only field. The distance field in the neighbor analysis result layer is copied to the original cultivated land and forest map patches.

[0101] When calculating the influence of central towns, the central town data is extracted from the 2023 land change survey database, and the seats of township governments and district and county governments are taken as central towns. In the analysis tool (analyst tool)>Neighborhood Analysis (near)>Neighbor Analysis (near), the distance to the central town patch closest to the original cultivated land patch is calculated, and the distance field in the neighbor analysis result layer is copied into the original cultivated land patch using FID as the only field.

[0102] When calculating the degree of forest land continuation, the cultivated land plots and adjacent forest land plots within a distance of 20 m were merged, and the areas of the merged cultivated land and forest land plots were recalculated.

[0103] Calculate the nearest distance, and use the nearest neighbor analysis tool to calculate the distance to the nearest farmland patch based on the original farmland patch.

[0104] To calculate the plot area, the plot land type area (TBDLMJ) field is directly used as the plot area based on the original cultivated land plot.

[0105] Calculate the regularity of cultivated land plots. Use the field calculator in the data table to calculate the regularity of cultivated land plots and enter the following formula:

[0106]

[0107] The perimeter of the plot is the shapelength field in the database, and the area of ​​the plot is the shapearea field.

[0108] S4.4, based on the data in S4.1 to S4,.3, the weight of each indicator is calculated based on the entropy weight method.

[0109] Table 1 Evaluation index weight table

[0110]

[0111] Step 5, through ArcGIS software, obtain relevant information on cultivated land and forest land in the study area, and evaluate the suitability of cultivated land and forest land respectively, including constructing a matter-element model, calculating the suitability index of cultivated land and forest land for all cultivated land and forest land based on the weight of evaluation indicators and combining the matter-element model, and obtaining the suitability grade of all cultivated land and the suitability grade of all forest land based on the suitability index and forest land.

[0112] In this example, the classical domain matrix R is determined according to different index standards for suitability for cultivation and suitability for forestry. c1 , R c2 , R c3 , R c4 , R w1 , R w2 , R w3 and the section matrix R c p、R w p.

[0113]

[0114] Input the matter-element to be evaluated into the matter-element model to obtain the index of suitable cultivated land for cultivation and suitable forest land for forestry. Calculate the proportion of suitable cultivated land for cultivation and suitable forest land within the village boundary unit, and define the suitable cultivated land grade and suitable forest land grade according to the proportion, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown.

[0115] Step 6: Delineate the farmland suitability level and forest suitability level of each village boundary unit in the study area, and determine the forest-farmland replacement type of each village boundary unit.

[0116] Specifically, when f na ≥0.5 and f nb <0.4, the village boundary unit is of the cultivated land restoration type; when f na <0.5 and f nb <0.4, the village boundary unit is of collaborative protection type; when f na ≥0.5 and f nb ≥0.4, the village boundary unit is of comprehensive development type; when f na <0.5 and fnb When ≥0.4, the village boundary unit is a forest conservation type. Different types of forest-farming replacement correspond to different forest-farming replacement decisions, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0117] This embodiment also provides a decision-making system for replacing forestry with fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas, which is used to execute the decision-making method for replacing forestry with fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas as described above; it includes an information acquisition module, an information processing module and a decision-making module.

[0118] The information acquisition module is used to obtain the area information of the area to be studied, and the related information of cultivated land and forest land;

[0119] The information processing module is used to divide the study area into units of village boundaries to generate multiple village boundary units; based on the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas, the cultivated land distribution and quality characteristics, and the forest land distribution and quality characteristics are used to construct the cultivated land suitability evaluation and forest land suitability evaluation index system; for each village boundary unit, the entropy weight method is used to determine the evaluation index weights in the cultivated land suitability evaluation and forest land suitability evaluation index system;

[0120] The decision module is used to evaluate the suitability of cultivated land and forest land for cultivation and forestry, respectively, including constructing a matter-element model, calculating the suitability index of cultivated land and forestry for all cultivated land and forestry for all forest land based on the weight of the evaluation index in combination with the matter-element model, and obtaining the suitability grade of cultivated land for all cultivated land and the suitability grade of forestry for all forest land according to the suitability index of cultivated land and forestry for all forestry for all forestry for all forestry for cultivation; and delineating the suitability grade of cultivated land and forestry for each village boundary unit in the study area, and determining the type of forest-cultivation replacement for each village boundary unit.

[0121] The present embodiment provides a decision-making system and method for replacing fragmented cultivated land with forest land in hilly and mountainous areas, which can more conveniently analyze the suitability of forest and cultivated land distribution in each village boundary unit in the study area. By constructing a mathematical model, the present scheme can accurately calculate the type of forest and cultivated land replacement in each village boundary unit, and, for different types of forest and cultivated land replacement, it can clarify the corresponding decision-making model for forest and cultivated land replacement and formulate forest and cultivated land replacement countermeasures with the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas.

[0122] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field are aware of all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement the scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for the ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for the technicians in this field, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A decision-making method for replacing forest with farmland in fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, obtaining the area information of the area to be studied; Step 2: divide the study area based on village boundaries to generate multiple village boundary units; Step 3: Based on the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas, construct an evaluation index system for the suitability of cultivated land for cultivation and the suitability of forest land for forestry according to the characteristics of mountainous areas, the distribution and quality characteristics of cultivated land, and the distribution and quality characteristics of forest land; Step 4: for each village boundary unit, the entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of the evaluation indicators in the evaluation index system of cultivated land suitability and forestland suitability; Step 5, obtaining relevant information of cultivated land and forest land in the study area, and evaluating the suitability of cultivated land and forest land for cultivation and forest respectively, including constructing a matter-element model, calculating the suitability index of cultivated land and forest land for all cultivated land and forest land based on the weight of the evaluation index and in combination with the matter-element model, and obtaining the suitability grade of cultivated land for all cultivated land and the suitability grade of forest for all forest land according to the suitability index of cultivated land and forest for all forest land; Step 6: Delineate the farmland suitability level and forest suitability level of each village boundary unit in the study area, and determine the forest-farmland replacement type of each village boundary unit.

2. The decision-making method for replacing forest with farmland in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mountain characteristics include slope, altitude, nearest distance, average plot area, plot regularity, and degree of concentration and continuity.

3. The decision-making method for replacing fragmented farmland with forestry in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 4, when determining the weight of the evaluation index, the following steps are included: Determine the information entropy of each evaluation indicator; the greater the information entropy of the evaluation indicator, the greater the corresponding evaluation indicator weight; The information entropy value of the jth evaluation index is: In the formula, K is a constant, m is the number of system samples; and the value of the constant is related to the number of system samples m. For a system with completely disordered information, the order is 0, and its entropy value is the largest, e = 1. When m samples are in a completely disordered distribution state, at this time The information utility value d of a certain evaluation index j The information entropy e depends on the evaluation index j Difference from 1: d j =1-e j , d j The larger the value is, the more information the indicator can provide, and a larger indicator weight should be given; The weight w of the jth indicator j for:

4. The decision-making method for replacing forest with farmland in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 5, constructing the object-element model includes the following steps: Determine the classical domain matrix and the section domain matrix in the matter-element model; The classical domain matrix is: In the formula, R oj is the classical domain matter element; N oj is the jth evaluation level of the suitability for cultivation and forestry, j = (1, 2, ... n); C i is the i-th evaluation index; (a oj1 ,b oj1 ) corresponds to the value range of evaluation level j, that is, the determination of the classical domain section domain; The section matrix of the evaluation index is: In the formula, R p V is the field matter element; pi =(a p1 ,b p1 ), is the domain matter element with respect to the feature C i The value range of p is all levels of suitability for cultivation and forestry.

5. The decision-making method for replacing forestry with fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When calculating the suitability level of cultivated land and the suitability level of forest land, the following steps are included: Set the correlation function K(x); In the formula, K(x i ) is the correlation between the i-th evaluation index and the suitability for cultivation or forestation; In the formula, ρ(X,X o ) represents the point X and the finite interval X o =[a o ,b o ]; ρ(X,X p ) represents the point X and the finite interval X p =[a p ,b p ]; X, X o , X p represent the value of the forest-farming replacement type matter-element to be evaluated, the value range of the classical domain matter-element, and the value range of the node domain matter-element, respectively. o |=|b o -a o |; Objects to be evaluated N x The comprehensive correlation degree K of level j j (N x )for: In the formula, K j (N x ) is the object to be evaluated N x The comprehensive correlation of level j; k j (x i ) is the object to be evaluated N x Single index correlation degree j = (1, 2, ... m) for level j; a i Represents the weight of each evaluation indicator; If K ji =max[k j (x i )], j = 1, 2, ... n; then the object to be evaluated - the i-th evaluation index, belongs to the standard level j of the forest-farm replacement type; If K jx =max[K j (N x )],j=1,2,…n; then the object to be evaluated is --N x , which belongs to the standard grade j of forest-farm replacement type.

6. The decision-making method for replacing forestry with fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The types of forest-to-farm replacement include farmland restoration, forestland conservation, coordinated protection, and comprehensive development.

7. The decision-making method for replacing forestry with fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step 6, the cultivated land and forest land conditions within each village boundary unit are confirmed according to the cultivated land suitability grades of all cultivated land plots and the forest land suitability grades of all forest land plots; According to the cultivated land conditions within the village boundary unit, the cultivated land suitability index is calculated, and the proportion of suitable cultivated land is counted to form the suitable cultivated land grade of each village boundary unit. The calculation formula is: na =S eia / S eda ×100%; Among them, f na is the ratio of the arable land area to the total arable land area of ​​the nth village boundary unit; S eia is the area of ​​arable land in the nth village boundary unit; S eda is the total cultivated land area of ​​the nth village boundary unit; According to the forestland conditions within the village boundary unit, the forestland suitability index is calculated, the proportion of suitable forestland is counted, and the forestland suitability level of each village boundary unit is formed. The calculation formula is: nb =S eib / S edb ×100%; Among them, f nb is the ratio of the suitable forest land area to the total forest land area of ​​the nth village boundary unit; S eib is the area of ​​suitable forest land in the nth village boundary unit; S edb is the total forest area of ​​the nth village boundary unit.

8. The decision-making method for replacing forestry with fragmented farmland in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 7 is characterized in that: When determining the forest-farming replacement type for each village boundary unit, when f na ≥x and f nb When f < y, the village boundary unit is of the cultivated land restoration type; when f na <x and f nb When f < y, the village boundary unit is of the cooperative protection type; when f na ≥x and f nb ≥y, the village boundary unit is of comprehensive development type; when f na <x and f nb When ≥y, the village boundary unit is of the forest conservation type; Among them, f na is the arable suitability level of the village boundary unit, f nb is the forest suitability grade of the village boundary unit; x, y are the preset thresholds.

9. The decision-making method for replacing forest with farmland in hilly and mountainous areas according to claim 8 is characterized in that: x=0.5,y=0.

4.

10. A decision-making system for replacing fragmented farmland with forestry in hilly and mountainous areas, characterized in that: A decision-making method for replacing fragmented farmland with forestry in hilly and mountainous areas as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; comprising an information acquisition module, an information processing module and a decision-making module; The information acquisition module is used to obtain the area information of the area to be studied, and the related information of cultivated land and forest land; The information processing module is used to divide the study area into units of village boundaries to generate multiple village boundary units; based on the characteristics of hilly and mountainous areas, the cultivated land distribution and quality characteristics, and the forest land distribution and quality characteristics are used to construct the cultivated land suitability evaluation and forest land suitability evaluation index system; for each village boundary unit, the entropy weight method is used to determine the evaluation index weights in the cultivated land suitability evaluation and forest land suitability evaluation index system; The decision module is used to evaluate the suitability of cultivated land and forest land for cultivation and forestry, respectively, including constructing a matter-element model, calculating the suitability index of cultivated land and forestry for all cultivated land and forestry for all forest land based on the weight of the evaluation index in combination with the matter-element model, and obtaining the suitability grade of cultivated land for all cultivated land and the suitability grade of forestry for all forest land according to the suitability index of cultivated land and forestry for all forestry for all forestry for all forestry for cultivation; and delineating the suitability grade of cultivated land and forestry for each village boundary unit in the study area, and determining the type of forest-cultivation replacement for each village boundary unit.

Images