Fuel cell tail gas treatment device and vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and discloses a fuel cell tail gas treatment device and a vehicle, including a fuel cell stack, an air supply assembly, a hydrogen supply assembly, and a tail gas treatment assembly; the tail gas treatment assembly includes a tail gas discharge pipeline, a water supply pipeline, a first drainage pipeline, a first gas-liquid separator, a second gas-liquid separator, a water storage tank, and a water supply valve, one end of the tail gas discharge pipeline is connected to the gas outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the second gas-liquid separator, the first gas-liquid separator is arranged on the tail gas discharge pipeline, the first drainage pipeline is arranged between the water storage tank and the outlet end of the second gas-liquid separator, the water supply pipeline is arranged between the water storage tank and the water inlet of the fuel cell stack, and the water supply valve is arranged on the water supply pipeline. The treatment device can ensure that the separated hydrogen will not enter the water storage tank along with the water, effectively prevent the leakage of the unreacted hydrogen, reduce the concentration of the discharged hydrogen, and improve safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell tail gas treatment device. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy directly through electrochemical reactions without burning fuel. It has the advantages of high efficiency, low noise, and no pollutant emissions, making fuel cell vehicles truly efficient and clean vehicles.

[0003] At present, during the operation of fuel cells, water, water vapor, incompletely reacted hydrogen and / or air and other particulate matter produced by the reaction form exhaust gas, which is directly discharged into the atmosphere through the tail pipe and muffler of the fuel vehicle. On the one hand, the water produced by the reaction is not properly recycled, resulting in a waste of water resources; on the other hand, if a large amount of incompletely reacted hydrogen is discharged, it may still reach the explosion limit concentration even after dilution, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device, which can recycle the water produced after the reaction while reducing potential safety hazards.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device, including a fuel cell stack, an air supply assembly connected to an air inlet of the fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply assembly connected to a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and an exhaust gas treatment assembly;

[0006] The exhaust gas treatment component includes an exhaust gas exhaust pipeline, a water supply pipeline, a first drainage pipeline, a first gas-liquid separator, a second gas-liquid separator, a water tank and a water supply valve. One end of the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline is connected to the gas outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the second gas-liquid separator. The first gas-liquid separator is arranged on the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline to process the gas exhausted from the fuel cell stack. The first drainage pipeline is arranged between the water tank and the outlet end of the second gas-liquid separator to deliver the water separated by the second gas-liquid separator into the water tank. The water supply pipeline is arranged between the water tank and the water inlet of the fuel cell stack to pass the water in the water tank into the fuel cell stack for heat dissipation. The water supply valve is arranged on the water supply pipeline to control the on-off of the water supply pipeline.

[0007] In one embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment component also includes an auxiliary pipeline and a purge valve, one end of the auxiliary pipeline is connected to the other gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline. The purge valve is arranged on the auxiliary pipeline to control the on and off of the auxiliary pipeline.

[0008] In one embodiment, the second gas-liquid separator includes a shell, a guide plate and a plurality of separation plates, the shell is provided with a cavity inside, the shell is provided with an air inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe connected to the cavity, the plurality of separation plates are distributed in the cavity in sequence along the height direction of the shell, and the separation plates are provided with through holes, the guide plate is arranged in the cavity and is located below the separation plate, and one end of the guide plate close to the liquid outlet pipe is bent toward the bottom surface of the shell to form a guide portion, the guide portion and the inner wall of the shell form a liquid storage space, the end of the liquid outlet pipe extending into the cavity falls into the liquid storage space and is immersed in the liquid in the liquid storage space, and the liquid outlet pipe is connected to the first drainage pipeline, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline.

[0009] In one embodiment, the second gas-liquid separation component also includes an exhaust pipe and a rainproof component, the exhaust pipe is vertically arranged on the top of the shell and is communicated with the cavity, the rainproof component includes an air guide pipe and a rainproof cap arranged on the upper end of the air guide pipe, the lower end of the air guide pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe, the upper end of the air guide pipe is inserted into the rainproof cap, and the outer peripheral surface of the upper part of the air guide pipe is provided with a first exhaust hole, and the outer peripheral surface of the rainproof cap is provided with a second exhaust hole.

[0010] In one embodiment, a heating solenoid valve is further included, which is arranged at the bottom of the shell, the water inlet end of the heating solenoid valve passes through the shell and is connected to the liquid storage space, and the water outlet end of the heating solenoid valve is connected to the water tank.

[0011] The air inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the shell, and the guide plate is inclined from an end close to the air inlet pipe to an end close to the liquid outlet pipe.

[0012] In one embodiment, it also includes a second drainage pipeline and a heat sink, which is arranged on the water supply pipeline for dissipating the heat of water entering the fuel cell stack through the water supply pipeline. One end of the second drainage pipeline is connected to the water outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the heat sink. A water pump and a three-way valve are sequentially arranged on the second drainage pipeline along the water flow direction. The first water outlet end of the three-way valve is connected to the heat sink, and the second water outlet end of the three-way valve is connected to the water supply pipeline.

[0013] In one embodiment, the air supply assembly includes an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a pressure valve and a humidifier connected in sequence, and the air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0014] In one embodiment, the hydrogen supply assembly includes a hydrogen storage bottle, a combination valve, and an ejector which are connected in sequence, and the ejector is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through an air pipe.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, comprising the fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell stack is first passed through the first gas-liquid separator by means of the exhaust gas discharge pipeline, and the gas and water are initially separated under the action of the first gas-liquid separator, and then enters the second gas-liquid separator for gas and water separation again, and the separated water then flows into the water storage tank through the drainage pipeline, and then the water replenishment valve can be controlled so that the water in the water storage tank enters the fuel cell stack through the water replenishment pipeline to cool the interior of the fuel cell stack, so that the water generated by the reaction can be reasonably recycled, which is beneficial to saving resources. At the same time, the exhaust gas passes through the first gas-liquid separator and the second gas-liquid separator in turn for gas-liquid separation, both of which adopt a liquid seal method to ensure that the separated hydrogen will not enter the water storage tank together with the water, effectively preventing the leakage of unreacted hydrogen, which can reduce the concentration of the discharged hydrogen and improve safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a second gas-liquid separation element in a fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of AA of the second gas-liquid separation element;

[0021] Figure 4 It is an internal schematic diagram of a second gas-liquid separation component in a fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Numbers in the figure:

[0023] 10. Fuel cell stack; 20. Hydrogen supply assembly; 21. Hydrogen storage bottle; 22. Combination valve; 23. Ejector; 30. Air supply assembly; 31. Air filter; 32. Air compressor; 33. Intercooler; 34. Humidifier; 35. Pressure valve; 36. First air outlet pipeline; 37. Second air outlet pipeline; 38. Back pressure valve; 40. Exhaust gas treatment assembly; 41. Exhaust gas discharge pipeline; 42. Water supply pipeline; 43. First drainage pipeline; 44. First gas-liquid separator; 45. Second gas-liquid separator; 451. Shell; 452. Inlet pipe; 453, liquid outlet pipe; 454, heating solenoid valve; 455, exhaust pipe; 456, rainproof part; 4561, air guide pipe; 4561a, first exhaust hole; 4562, rainproof cap; 4562a, second exhaust hole; 457, separation plate; 457a, through hole; 458, guide plate; 458a, guide part; 459, liquid storage space; 46, water tank; 47, water supply valve; 48, auxiliary pipeline; 49, purge valve; 410, heat sink; 411, second drainage pipeline; 412, water pump; 413, three-way valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by "front", "back", "up", "down", "left", "right", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "head", "tail", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are constructed and operated in a specific direction, and are only for the convenience of describing the present technical solution, rather than indicating that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0025] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 1, the embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell tail gas treatment device, including a fuel cell stack 10, an air supply assembly 30 connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 10, a hydrogen supply assembly 20 connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 10, and a tail gas treatment assembly 40. That is, the air required for the reaction is introduced into the interior of the fuel cell stack 10 by using the air supply assembly 30, and the hydrogen required for the reaction is introduced into the interior of the fuel cell stack 10 by using the hydrogen supply assembly 20. At this time, the air introduced into the interior of the battery stack enters the cathode side of the stack, and the hydrogen introduced into the interior of the battery stack enters the anode side of the stack. When the fuel cell stack 10 is working, the hydrogen located in the anode side is oxidized to generate protons and electrons, and the protons are transferred to the cathode side through the electrolyte membrane to react with oxygen to generate water and release electrons. The electrons released thereafter and the electrons generated on the anode side form a current through an external circuit to provide the required electrical energy to the electrical equipment. The water, water vapor, incompletely reacted hydrogen and / or air and other particulate matter generated during the reaction process form tail gas, and the tail gas treatment component 40 is used to treat the generated tail gas to prevent it from being directly discharged into the atmosphere to cause pollution.

[0027] Specifically, the exhaust gas treatment component 40 includes an exhaust gas exhaust pipeline 41, a water supply pipeline 42, a first drainage pipeline 43, a first gas-liquid separator 44, a second gas-liquid separator 45, a water storage tank 46 and a water supply valve 47. One end of the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline 41 is connected to the gas outlet of the fuel cell stack 10, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the second gas-liquid separator 45. The first gas-liquid separator 44 is arranged on the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline 41 to discharge the exhaust gas from the fuel cell stack 10. The gas discharged is processed, the first drainage pipeline 43 is arranged between the water tank 46 and the outlet end of the second gas-liquid separator 45, so as to deliver the water separated by the second gas-liquid separator 45 into the water tank 46, and the water replenishment pipeline 42 is arranged between the water tank 46 and the water inlet of the fuel cell stack 10, so as to pass the water in the water tank 46 into the fuel cell stack 10 for heat dissipation, and the water replenishment valve 47 is arranged on the water replenishment pipeline 42, which is used to control the on-off of the water replenishment pipeline 42.

[0028] The present application utilizes the exhaust gas discharge pipeline to pass the exhaust gas generated in the fuel cell stack 10 through the first gas-liquid separator 44, and performs the initial separation of gas and water under the action of the first gas-liquid separator 44, and then enters the second gas-liquid separator 45 for the second separation of gas and water, and then the separated water flows into the water storage tank 46 through the first drainage pipeline 43, and then the water replenishment valve 47 can be controlled to allow the water in the water storage tank 46 to enter the fuel cell stack 10 through the water replenishment pipeline 42 to cool the interior of the fuel cell stack 10, so that the water generated by the reaction can be reasonably recycled, which is beneficial to saving resources. At the same time, the exhaust gas passes through the first gas-liquid separator 44 and the second gas-liquid separator 45 in turn for gas-liquid separation, and both adopt a liquid seal method to ensure that the separated hydrogen will not enter the water storage tank 46 together with the water, effectively preventing the leakage of unreacted hydrogen, which can reduce the concentration of the discharged hydrogen and improve safety.

[0029] Exemplarily, during the process of gas-liquid separation, the tail gas discharge pipeline 41 passes the tail gas in the fuel cell stack 10 into the first gas-liquid separator 44, and the first gas-liquid separator 44 is always kept with liquid to form a liquid-sealed state, so that no hydrogen is discharged during drainage, and only a small amount of hydrogen is discharged during purging. Similarly, the second gas-liquid separator 45 is always kept with liquid to form a liquid-sealed state, so that the water discharged into the water storage tank 46 through the first drainage pipeline 43 does not contain hydrogen, and the hydrogen can only be discharged from the roof. That is to say, since the water storage tank 46 is in a closed state, and the concentration of the explosion range of hydrogen is between 4% and 77%, if the water discharged into the water storage tank 46 contains hydrogen, there is a risk of explosion as the hydrogen continues to enter the water storage tank 46. For this reason, the present embodiment uses liquid to form a liquid-sealed state, which can prevent hydrogen from entering the closed space of the water storage tank 46, thereby improving safety.

[0030] In actual application, the water tank 46 is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle, and the second gas-liquid separator 45 is arranged on the roof of the vehicle, so that the tail exhaust hydrogen is discharged from the roof. Compared with the traditional method of arranging the gas-liquid separator at the bottom of the vehicle, it can effectively prevent hydrogen from entering the car and the cab, thereby improving the safety of hydrogen use.

[0031] In one embodiment, the exhaust gas treatment component 40 also includes an auxiliary pipeline 48 and a purge valve 49. One end of the auxiliary pipeline 48 is connected to the other gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator 44, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline 41. The purge valve 49 is arranged on the auxiliary pipeline 48 to control the on and off of the auxiliary pipeline 48.

[0032] There is a proton exchange membrane in the middle of the fuel cell stack 10, and the air introduced is mixed with nitrogen. As the air is continuously introduced into the fuel cell stack, the concentration of nitrogen diffuses, so that a small amount of nitrogen will cross the membrane and come to the hydrogen circulation pipeline. Since the hydrogen is always circulated and not discharged, the nitrogen entering the hydrogen circulation pipeline continues to increase, thereby reducing the concentration of hydrogen, which leads to a decrease in system performance. Therefore, after the concentration of nitrogen increases, it is necessary to purge to discharge the nitrogen and increase the concentration of hydrogen. In this regard, in this embodiment, by opening the purge valve 49, the mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen inside the fuel cell stack 10 enters the tail gas discharge pipeline 41 through the auxiliary pipeline 48, and pure hydrogen is continuously supplied to the fuel cell stack 10 from the hydrogen supply assembly 20, thereby reducing the nitrogen concentration in the circulation and increasing the hydrogen concentration. In addition, the mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen is mixed with the air discharged by the back pressure valve 38 when it is opened, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration in the tail gas discharge pipe 41.

[0033] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4 In one embodiment, the second gas-liquid separator 45 includes a shell 451, a guide plate 458 and a plurality of separation plates 457. The shell 451 is provided with a cavity inside, and the shell 451 is provided with an air inlet pipe 452 and a liquid outlet pipe 453 connected to the cavity. The plurality of separation plates 457 are sequentially spaced and distributed in the cavity along the height direction of the shell 451, and a through hole 457a is opened on the separation plate 457. The guide plate 458 is arranged in the cavity and is located at the separation Below the plate 457, one end of the guide plate 458 close to the liquid outlet pipe 453 is bent toward the bottom surface of the shell 451 to form a guide portion 458a, and the guide portion 458a and the inner wall of the shell 451 form a liquid storage space 459, and one end of the liquid outlet pipe 453 extending into the cavity falls into the liquid storage space 459 and is immersed in the liquid in the liquid storage space 459, and the liquid outlet pipe 453 is connected to the first drainage pipeline 43, and the air intake pipe 452 is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline 41.

[0034] Exemplarily, the "plurality" mentioned above refers to two or more than two, which can be determined according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, there are five separation plates 457, and the five separation plates 457 are sequentially spaced and distributed along the height direction of the shell 451, so that the exhaust gas entering the shell 451 contacts the five separation plates 457 from bottom to top, and then forms liquid water on the surface of the separation plate 457. As the water droplets continue to accumulate, they fall onto the surface of the guide plate 458, and then the liquid water is introduced into the liquid storage space 459 through the guide portion 458a, and finally flows into the first drainage pipeline 43 from the liquid outlet pipe 453, and enters the water storage tank 46.

[0035] It should be noted that the end of the liquid outlet pipe 453 extending into the cavity needs to be immersed in the liquid in the liquid storage space 459 to form a liquid-sealed state, thereby preventing the hydrogen in the shell 451 from being discharged from the liquid outlet pipe 453 into the liquid storage tank.

[0036] Specifically, the air inlet pipe 452 and the liquid outlet pipe 453 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the housing 451, and the guide plate 458 is inclined from one end close to the air inlet pipe 452 to one end close to the liquid outlet pipe 453. In this way, the guide plate 458 is arranged to be inclined from one end close to the air inlet pipe 452 to one end close to the liquid outlet pipe 453 in order to accelerate the flow of liquid water dripping onto the surface of the guide plate 458, so that it can be collected into the liquid storage space 459 as soon as possible.

[0037] In one embodiment, the second gas-liquid separation component 45 also includes an exhaust pipe 455 and a rainproof component 456. The exhaust pipe 455 is vertically arranged on the top of the shell 451 and is connected to the cavity. The rainproof component 456 includes an air guide pipe 4561 and a rainproof cap 4562 which is sleeved on the upper end of the air guide pipe 4561. The lower end of the air guide pipe 4561 is connected to the exhaust pipe 455, and the upper end of the air guide pipe 4561 is inserted into the rainproof cap 4562. The outer peripheral surface of the upper part of the air guide pipe 4561 is provided with a first exhaust hole 4561a, and the outer peripheral surface of the rainproof cap 4562 is provided with a second exhaust hole 4562a. That is, the hydrogen separated from the shell 451 enters the exhaust pipe 455, then enters the air duct 4561 from the exhaust pipe 455, then enters the rain cap 4562 from the first exhaust pipe 455 on the upper part of the air duct 4561, and finally is discharged from the second exhaust hole 4562a of the rain cap 4562. It should be noted that the rain cap 4562 is arranged in a trapezoidal cone, and the second exhaust hole 4562a is distributed along the circumferential direction, so as to avoid the accumulation of hydrogen. In addition, the setting of the rain cap 4562 can effectively block rain, prevent external rainwater from entering the air duct 4561 and the exhaust pipe 455, and then enter the water storage tank 46, causing pollution to the water in the water storage tank 46.

[0038] When the ambient temperature is too low, the liquid in the liquid storage space 459 will freeze, which will cause the water outlet pipe to be unable to flow out normally. In this regard, in one embodiment, a heating solenoid valve 454 is also included. The heating solenoid valve 454 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 451. The water inlet end of the heating solenoid valve 454 passes through the shell 451 and is connected to the liquid storage space 459. The water outlet end of the heating solenoid valve 454 is connected to the water storage tank 46. That is to say, in this embodiment, the heating solenoid valve 454 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 451 to heat the liquid in the liquid storage space 459, so that the frozen liquid in the liquid storage space 459 melts and then flows into the water storage tank 46 from the water outlet end of the heating solenoid valve 454.

[0039] In one embodiment, it also includes a second drainage pipeline 411 and a heat sink 410. The heat sink 410 is arranged on the water supply pipeline 42 and is used to dissipate the heat of water entering the fuel cell stack 10 through the water supply pipeline 42. One end of the second drainage pipeline 411 is connected to the water outlet of the fuel cell stack 10, and the other end is connected to the heat sink 410. A water pump 412 and a three-way valve 413 are sequentially arranged on the second drainage pipeline 411 along the flow direction of water. The first water outlet end of the three-way valve 413 is connected to the heat sink 410, and the second water outlet end of the three-way valve 413 is connected to the water supply pipeline 42. In this way, under the action of the water pump 412, the water after heat dissipation in the fuel cell stack 10 flows out to the second drainage pipe 411, and then under the action of the three-way valve 413, the water with higher temperature is passed into the heat dissipation element 410 for heat dissipation, and then re-entered into the fuel cell stack 10 through the water supply pipe 42, while the water with lower temperature is re-entered into the fuel cell stack 10 through the water supply pipe 42, thereby realizing the reasonable recycling of water energy, which is beneficial to saving resources.

[0040] In one embodiment, the air supply assembly 30 includes an air filter 31, an air compressor 32, an intercooler 33, a pressure valve 35 and a humidifier 34 connected in sequence, and the air outlet of the humidifier 34 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 10. That is, under the action of the air compressor 32, the external air is filtered by the air filter 31 and then enters the intercooler 33 for cooling, and then enters the humidifier 34 for humidification. After reaching a certain pressure, the pressure valve 35 is opened, and then the humidified air enters the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 10, so that the protons produced by the subsequent oxidation of oxygen and hydrogen react to generate water and release electrons, and then the released electrons and the electrons generated on the anode side form a current through the external circuit to provide the required electrical energy to the electrical equipment.

[0041] In addition, it also includes a first gas outlet pipeline 36, a second gas outlet pipeline 37 and a back pressure valve 38. One end of the first gas outlet pipeline 36 is connected to the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack 10, and the other end is connected to the humidifier 34. One end of the second gas outlet pipeline 37 is connected to another outlet of the humidifier 34, and the other end of the second gas outlet pipeline 37 is connected to the tail gas discharge pipeline 41. The back pressure valve 38 is arranged on the second gas outlet pipeline 37. In this way, the gas in the stack is passed into the humidifier 34 by using the first gas outlet pipeline 36, so as to humidify the incoming air by using the large amount of water vapor in the gas, and then enters the second gas-liquid separator 45 through the second gas outlet pipeline 37 under the action of the back pressure valve 38 for treatment.

[0042] In one embodiment, the hydrogen supply assembly 20 includes a hydrogen storage bottle 21, a combination valve 22, and an ejector 23 connected in sequence, and the ejector 23 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 10 through a gas pipe. That is, when the fuel cell stack 10 is working, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle 21 enters the anode side of the fuel cell stack 10 through the ejector 23 under the control of the combination valve 22, and is oxidized to generate protons and electrons. The protons are transferred to the cathode side through the electrolyte membrane to react with oxygen to generate water and release electrons. The released electrons and the electrons generated on the anode side form a current through an external circuit to provide the required electrical energy to the electrical equipment.

[0043] The disclosed embodiments also provide a vehicle, comprising the fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device in the above embodiments.

[0044] The vehicle according to the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts the above-mentioned fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device, and the technical effects thereof are consistent with those of the above-mentioned fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device, which will not be described in detail here.

[0045] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell exhaust gas treatment device, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell stack, an air supply assembly connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, a hydrogen supply assembly connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and an exhaust gas treatment assembly; The exhaust gas treatment component includes an exhaust gas exhaust pipeline, a water supply pipeline, a first drainage pipeline, a first gas-liquid separator, a second gas-liquid separator, a water tank and a water supply valve. One end of the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline is connected to the gas outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the inlet end of the second gas-liquid separator. The first gas-liquid separator is arranged on the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline to process the gas exhausted from the fuel cell stack. The first drainage pipeline is arranged between the water tank and the outlet end of the second gas-liquid separator to deliver the water separated by the second gas-liquid separator into the water tank. The water supply pipeline is arranged between the water tank and the water inlet of the fuel cell stack to pass the water in the water tank into the fuel cell stack for heat dissipation. The water supply valve is arranged on the water supply pipeline to control the on-off of the water supply pipeline.

2. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust gas treatment component also includes an auxiliary pipeline and a purge valve. One end of the auxiliary pipeline is connected to the other gas outlet of the first gas-liquid separator, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline. The purge valve is arranged on the auxiliary pipeline to control the on and off of the auxiliary pipeline.

3. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second gas-liquid separation component includes a shell, a guide plate and a plurality of separation plates. A cavity is provided inside the shell, and an air inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe connected to the cavity are respectively provided on the shell. The plurality of separation plates are sequentially spaced in the cavity along the height direction of the shell, and through holes are opened on the separation plates. The guide plate is arranged in the cavity and is located below the separation plate, and an end of the guide plate close to the liquid outlet pipe is bent toward the bottom surface of the shell to form a guide portion, and a liquid storage space is formed with the guide portion and the inner wall of the shell, and an end of the liquid outlet pipe extending into the cavity falls into the liquid storage space and is immersed in the liquid in the liquid storage space, and the liquid outlet pipe is connected to the first drainage pipeline, and the air inlet pipe is connected to the exhaust gas exhaust pipeline.

4. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second gas-liquid separation component also includes an exhaust pipe and a rainproof component. The exhaust pipe is vertically arranged on the top of the shell and is connected to the cavity. The rainproof component includes an air guide pipe and a rainproof cap arranged on the upper end of the air guide pipe. The lower end of the air guide pipe is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the upper end of the air guide pipe is inserted into the rainproof cap. A first exhaust hole is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the upper part of the air guide pipe, and a second exhaust hole is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rainproof cap.

5. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a heating solenoid valve, which is arranged at the bottom of the shell, a water inlet end of the heating solenoid valve passes through the shell and is connected to the liquid storage space, and a water outlet end of the heating solenoid valve is connected to the water tank.

6. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the shell, and the guide plate is inclined from an end close to the air inlet pipe to an end close to the liquid outlet pipe.

7. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second drainage pipeline and a heat sink, which is arranged on the water supply pipeline and is used to dissipate the heat of water entering the fuel cell stack through the water supply pipeline. One end of the second drainage pipeline is connected to the water outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end is connected to the heat sink. A water pump and a three-way valve are sequentially arranged on the second drainage pipeline along the water flow direction, a first water outlet end of the three-way valve is connected to the heat sink, and a second water outlet end of the three-way valve is connected to the water supply pipeline.

8. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply assembly comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a pressure valve and a humidifier which are connected in sequence, and the air outlet of the humidifier is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack.

9. The fuel cell tail gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen supply assembly comprises a hydrogen storage bottle, a combination valve and an ejector which are connected in sequence, and the ejector is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack through an air pipe.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: A fuel cell tail gas treatment device comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

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