Mining multi-band double-ring sleeve microstrip antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to a mining multi-band double-ring sleeve microstrip antenna, and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The antenna comprises a monopole structure for loading a load, double annular sleeve structures symmetrically distributed on two sides of the monopole structure, a ground plane structure etched with two gaps, and a dielectric substrate. The monopole structure is loaded with a hexagonal metal structure and a symmetrical triangular metal gradient structure; two types of grooves are etched in the metal structure of the sleeve, and comprise long and thin rectangular grooves which are periodically arranged and symmetrical flag-shaped grooves in the two sides; the grounding surface structure is etched with three types of grooves, including a rectangular groove, a flag-shaped groove and an open rectangular groove. Wherein the double-annular sleeve structure comprises a plurality of annular structures, a plurality of resonance frequency points are added for the antenna, and the frequency points are influenced by the length and the width of the groove and the perimeter of the annular sleeve structure; meanwhile, the bandwidth performance of the antenna is improved by modifying the ground structure. The gradient structure on the monopole structure improves the impedance matching of the antenna and expands the frequency band of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications and relates to a multi-band double-ring sleeve microstrip antenna for mining. Background Art

[0002] The mine environment is a complex communication environment, and the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves in it are affected by different conditions including tunnel geometry, tunnel space, and cross-sectional dimensions. The transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves in circular, arched, and curved tunnels are different. For example, in a straight tunnel, the higher the frequency, the smaller the attenuation rate, the more conducive to the propagation of high-frequency electromagnetic waves; in a curved tunnel, the higher the frequency, the greater the attenuation rate, the less conducive to the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Different mine scenarios have different requirements for bandwidth, latency, power consumption, and reliability. A single communication frequency band is difficult to meet the needs of all application scenarios in the mine environment. The antenna used in the RF front end is a key component. By designing a multi-frequency antenna covering multiple communication frequency bands, multiple communication systems can be integrated to face different application scenarios in the mine environment. These frequency bands are: 570-650MHz, 810MHz-830MHz, which are commonly used in public safety and emergency communications; 1427.9MHz-1447.9MHz for LTE band11 and 2010MHz-2025MHz for LTE band16, which are 4G communication bands; 2570MHz-2620MHz for 5G NR n38 band and 3300MHz-4200MHz for 5G NR n77 band; 2401.5MHz-2481.5MHz, 5150MHz-5850MHz for WLAN / WiFi bands.

[0003] The monopole antenna itself has a simple structure and is easy to process. Its compact size makes it a more practical choice, but its lack of multi-frequency performance is one of the main factors limiting its promotion. The sleeve structure has the possibility of achieving broadband and multi-frequency, and is an effective solution to expand the frequency band of the monopole antenna. Applying the sleeve structure to the monopole antenna is an important method to realize the multi-band antenna solution for mining. At the same time, the double-ring sleeve structure can increase the antenna current resonant path, thereby improving the communication bandwidth performance, and is a better solution for designing compact antennas, which makes it widely used in mobile devices.

[0004] The present invention designs a new double-annular sleeve based on the sleeve structure, which helps the original microstrip antenna to obtain an antenna that supports multiple frequency bands at the same time, which is of innovative significance. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-band dual-ring microstrip antenna, which utilizes the multi-frequency and broadband performance of the sleeve structure, transforms the ordinary rectangular sleeve structure into two ring sleeve structures, transforms the ground surface, and adds a gradient structure, so as to achieve coverage of multiple target frequency bands with a monopole antenna, and at the same time includes high-frequency bands and low-frequency bands that differ by 7 times, so that underground wireless communication equipment can cover underground mine tunnels of more shapes.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A multi-band double-ring sleeve microstrip antenna for mining, comprising a monopole structure, a sleeve structure, a ground plane structure and a dielectric substrate.

[0008] The sleeve structure is a metal patch on both sides of the radiation structure. The structure is etched with two kinds of grooves, including a group of periodically arranged elongated rectangular grooves at the bottom of the antenna and symmetrical flag-shaped grooves distributed on both sides of the monopole structure. There is a group of six grooves on each side of the monopole structure, and the spacing between every two elongated rectangular grooves is equal. This structure helps the antenna cover more frequency points by arranging it periodically. The flag-shaped groove is composed of two rectangles of different sizes; the structure is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the monopole structure and is symmetrical with the center of another pair of flag-shaped grooves. The symmetrical flag-shaped groove etches the sleeve structure into a ring structure, and each side of the ring is composed of metal structures near the flag-shaped groove. The sleeve structure increases the antenna current resonance path and the antenna operating frequency band through the ring structure, and the sleeve structure obtains coupled feeding energy through the ring structure.

[0009] The ground plane structure has three types of slots, including thin rectangular slots, flag-shaped slots and open rectangular slots. The thin rectangular slots and flag-shaped slots are located at the bottom and middle of the ground plane structure and are axially symmetrically distributed. The double-ring sleeve structure feeds energy through the thin rectangular slots and flag-shaped slots, while increasing the current resonance path and enriching the antenna resonance frequency. The open rectangular slot is located at the upper part of the ground plane structure. This structure is conducive to improving the resonance performance of the antenna within the frequency band.

[0010] The monopole structure is a microstrip radiation structure loaded with a hexagonal load. The structure consists of a non-uniform rectangular metal structure and a hexagonal metal structure loaded with a gradient structure. There are symmetrical thin rectangular patch loads on both sides of the non-uniform rectangular metal structure, and there are symmetrical triangular metal gradient structure loads on both sides of the non-uniform rectangular metal structure. The microstrip radiation structure loaded with the hexagonal load is connected to the feeding port through a microstrip feeder.

[0011] The dielectric substrate is made of FR4, whose dielectric constant is 4.4, the dielectric substrate is 1 mm thick, and the length and width are 200 mm×18 mm.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention proposes a double annular sleeve microstrip antenna, which increases the antenna current resonance path by transforming the traditional rectangular sleeve into two annular sleeve structures, introduces a new resonance frequency, and thus achieves the multi-frequency goal of the antenna. By adding a triangular gradient structure and improving the structure of the ground plane, that is, etching an open rectangular groove on the top of the ground plane, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved, and the bandwidth performance of the antenna is improved. The antenna has a stronger signal coverage capability for mine tunnels of different shapes. In addition, the present invention also loads a rectangular load in the middle of the monopole structure and etches periodically arranged rectangular grooves at the bottom of the sleeve structure, which plays an important role in increasing the antenna current resonance path and improving the resonance performance.

[0013] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0015] Figure 1 The overall structure of a multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna for mining provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 A top view of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 The upper surface of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is the dielectric layer of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 The bottom surface of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 is the standing wave ratio of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 The directional diagram of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention at 0.62 GHz;

[0022] Figure 8 The directional diagram of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention at 0.82 GHz;

[0023] Fig. 9 The directional diagram of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention at 1.44 GHz;

[0024] Fig.10 The directional diagram of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention at 2.07 GHz;

[0025] Fig.11 The directional diagram of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention at 2.52 GHz;

[0026] Fig.12 The directional diagram of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention at 3.36 GHz;

[0027] Fig.13 This is the peak gain diagram of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0029] Among them, the drawings are only used for illustrative explanations, and they only represent schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limitations on the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0030] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] In order to cope with the complex communication conditions in the mine environment, the present invention utilizes the multi-frequency and broadband performance of the sleeve structure. By transforming the ordinary rectangular sleeve structure into two annular sleeve structures, transforming the ground surface, adding a gradient structure, etc., a monopole antenna is used to achieve coverage of multiple target frequency bands, and at the same time including high-frequency bands and low-frequency bands that differ by 7 times, so that underground wireless communication equipment can cover underground mine tunnels of more shapes.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-frequency microstrip antenna for mining with a double annular sleeve structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention is provided. The antenna structure is composed of four parts from top to bottom: a sleeve structure, a monopole structure, a dielectric substrate and a ground plane structure.

[0033] The above monopole structure (1) is as follows Figure 3 As shown, it is a microstrip radiation structure loaded with a hexagonal load. The microstrip radiation structure is mainly composed of a non-uniform rectangular metal structure (107) and a hexagonal metal structure (114) loaded with a gradient structure. There are symmetrical thin rectangular patch loads (110) and (111) on both sides of the non-uniform rectangular metal structure (107), and there are symmetrical triangular metal gradient structures (112) and (113) on both sides of the non-uniform rectangular metal structure (107). The microstrip radiation structure loaded with the hexagonal load is connected to the feeding port through a microstrip feed line.

[0034] The above sleeve structure is as follows Figure 3 As shown, the metal patches (101) and (102) on both sides of the radiation structure. The sleeve metal structure is etched with three groups of symmetrical grooves of different shapes: periodically arranged elongated rectangular grooves (103) and (104) located at the bottom of the antenna, wherein there is a group of six grooves on both sides of the rectangular metal structure (107), and the spacing between each two elongated rectangular grooves is 0.6 mm. The second pair of grooves from bottom to top are symmetrical flag-shaped grooves (105) and (106) distributed on both sides of the rectangular metal sheet (107), and the flag-shaped grooves are composed of two rectangles of different sizes. The grooves (108) and (109) located at the top are also symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rectangular metal structure (107), and are symmetrical with the center of the flag-shaped grooves (105) and (106). The second and third pairs of grooves etch the sleeve structure into a ring structure, and each side of the ring is composed of metal structures near the flag-shaped grooves. There are two annular structures on each side of the rectangular metal structure (107), and the two annular structures on the same side are centrally symmetrical and share a middle edge. The four annular structures constitute two pairs of annular sleeves symmetrical to the rectangular metal structure (107).

[0035] The dielectric substrate (2) is as follows Figure 4As shown, the material used is FR4, whose dielectric constant is 4.4, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 1 mm, and the length and width are 200 mm×18 mm; the first layer of metal sheet (1) is on the top layer of the second layer of dielectric substrate (2) and is used for excitation and radiation of the microstrip antenna; the third layer of metal sheet (3) is on the bottom layer of the second layer of dielectric substrate (2) and is used for grounding.

[0036] The above-mentioned ground plane structure (3) is as follows Figure 5 As shown, it is a metal structure with three kinds of grooves etched. There are two pairs of rectangular grooves etched in the middle of the structure. The narrow gaps located at the bottom are symmetrically distributed and correspond to the flag-shaped grooves (105) and (106) on the top layer. Above the first pair of grooves is a pair of symmetrically distributed flag-shaped grooves. This structure can increase the current resonance path and enrich the antenna resonance frequency. At the same time, an open rectangular groove is opened on the top of the metal sheet to improve the antenna bandwidth and increase the radiation efficiency of the radiation structure.

[0037] In the above-mentioned multi-band dual-annular sleeve microstrip antenna for mining, the gradient triangular metal structures (112) and (113) loaded on both sides of the rectangular metal structure (107) can help the antenna improve impedance matching and expand the antenna frequency band. The symmetrical thin rectangular patch loads (110) and (111) loaded on both sides of the non-uniform rectangular metal sheet (107) can make the microstrip radiation structure loaded with the hexagonal structure generate more current resonance paths, thereby realizing the multi-frequency performance of the antenna. The resonance point is related to the length of the rectangular metal sheet (107) and the position of the thin rectangular metal sheets (110) and (111) on the rectangular metal sheet (107).

[0038] In the above-mentioned multi-band dual-annular sleeve microstrip antenna for mining, the sleeve structures (101) and (102) are not directly fed, and they obtain energy through coupling. The rectangular grooves (103) and (104) arranged periodically at the bottom of the sleeve structure are etched with multiple small rectangular grooves. A single small rectangular groove without ground influence is not very meaningful for increasing the resonance path of the antenna. Only when multiple small rectangular grooves are arranged periodically can more resonance frequency points appear. Under the action of ground surface coupling energy, the antenna obtains multiple resonance paths, which helps the antenna cover multiple resonance frequency bands. The two pairs of flag-shaped grooves (105) and (106), (108) and (109) located above the periodic rectangular grooves enable the sleeve structure of the antenna to be cut into multiple ring antennas. Compared with ordinary rectangular grooves, the advantage of flag-shaped grooves is that the sleeve structure etched by such grooves has more slender metal structures, which is more conducive to the formation of double ring metal structures. The partial length and the overall length of the ring antenna correspond to wavelengths of different frequencies respectively. In this way, the annular sleeve structure introduces many resonance frequencies to the antenna. These resonant frequencies are controlled by the sizes of the multiple annular metal structures formed by cutting. The length and width of the grooves are adjusted to change the length of the annular sleeve structure, thereby adjusting the resonant frequencies.

[0039] In this embodiment, the overall size of the proposed multi-band mining double open sleeve antenna is 200mm×18mm. For the specific size of the antenna, see Figure 2 to Figure 5 And Table 1.

[0040] Table 1

[0041]

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , the standing wave ratio of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna proposed in this embodiment is shown in FIG. Figure 6 It can be seen that the standing wave ratio of the antenna is less than 2 in the frequency bands of 0.57-0.65GHz, 0.81-0.83GHz, 1.42-1.46GHz, 1.99-2.16GHz, 2.38-2.72GHz, 3.26-3.93GHz, and 5.06-5.86GHz. The standing wave ratios of the antenna at the center frequencies of 0.62GHz, 0.82GHz, 1.44GHz, 2.07GHz, 2.52GHz, 3.36GHz, and 5.50GHz are 1.56, 1.22, 1.26, 1.58, 1.03, 1.29, and 1.76, respectively.

[0043] like Figure 7 to Figure 12 The directional pattern simulations of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna proposed in this embodiment at 0.62 GHz, 0.82 GHz, 1.44 GHz, 2.07 GHz, 2.52 GHz, and 3.36 GHz respectively show that the H-plane directional pattern of the antenna has a small non-circularity and radiates horizontally omnidirectionally at the six frequency points.

[0044] like Fig.13 The figure shows the gain simulation of the multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment. Fig.13 It can be seen that the gains of the antenna at resonant frequencies of 0.62 GHz, 0.82 GHz, 1.44 GHz, 2.07 GHz, 2.52 GHz, 3.36 GHz, and 5.50 GHz are 2.24 dBi, 1.21 dBi, 2.85 dBi, 2.77 dBi, 3.65 dBi, 3.29 dBi, and 1.36 dBi, respectively.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna for mining, characterized in that: The double-ring sleeve structure is etched with two kinds of grooves, including a group of periodically arranged slender rectangular grooves located at the bottom of the antenna and symmetrical flag-shaped grooves distributed on both sides of the monopole structure; the slender rectangular grooves help the antenna cover more frequency points by periodically arranging; the symmetrical flag-shaped grooves etch the sleeve structure into a ring structure, and the sleeve structure increases the antenna current resonance path through the ring structure, thereby increasing the antenna working frequency band; the double-ring sleeve structure obtains energy through coupled feeding.

2. The multi-band dual-ring sleeve microstrip antenna for mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground plane structure has three types of grooves, including thin rectangular grooves, flag-shaped grooves and open rectangular grooves; the thin rectangular grooves are located at the bottom of the ground plane structure, the flag-shaped grooves are located in the middle of the ground plane structure, and the open rectangular grooves are located at the upper part of the ground plane structure; The double-ring sleeve structure feeds energy through the thin rectangular slot and the flag-shaped slot; the open rectangular slot is beneficial to improving the resonance performance of the antenna within the frequency band.

3. The multi-band double open sleeve antenna for mining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monopole structure comprises a hexagonal radiating structure and a triangular gradient structure; the hexagonal radiating structure is loaded on the top of the monopole structure, and the triangular gradient structure is connected to the hexagonal radiating structure.

4. The multi-band double open sleeve antenna for mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four flag-shaped grooves etched on the double-ring sleeve structure are symmetrical about the monopole and are centrally symmetrical on the same side of the monopole structure; the thin rectangular grooves and the flag-shaped grooves etched on the ground plane structure are axisymmetric.

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