A broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna and its constituent network

Abstract

The present application discloses a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna and its constituent network, wherein the broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna includes at least two radiating structures, a coupled power-dividing microstrip line, a coupled radiating plate and a waveguide structure, a waveguide port is provided on the top of the waveguide structure, the coupled power-dividing microstrip line is vertically fixedly arranged on the waveguide port, the coupled radiating plate is vertically arranged on the coupled power-dividing microstrip line, the waveguide port and the coupled radiating plate are arranged at the same position, the radiating structure includes a coupling plate and four radiating plates, and there is a gap between every two radiating plates; when two radiating structures are fixedly connected by a coupled power-dividing microstrip line, one end of the coupled power-dividing microstrip line is fixedly arranged in the gap of one radiating structure, and the other end is fixedly arranged in the gap of another radiating structure. The broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna provided by the present application not only realizes power division, but also adds a radiating plate, which can effectively suppress the antenna grating lobe and side lobe, and the entire antenna product is light and thin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna and a constituent network thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the performance requirements for antennas are getting higher and higher. As a key component in wireless communication systems, the performance of antennas directly affects the signal transmission efficiency and communication quality. Traditional antennas include waveguide slot antennas, waveguide horn antennas, PCB microstrip antennas, and PCB microstrip antennas + active antennas.

[0003] A waveguide slot antenna is an antenna that has one or more slots in a waveguide or cavity resonator to radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. Waveguide slot antennas are simple to stack, thin and light, and can achieve dual-polarization design. However, due to the close spacing of the dual polarizations of the waveguide slot antenna, it has defects such as poor isolation, insufficient bandwidth, the need to absorb loads, overly precise structure, high production difficulty, and poor product consistency.

[0004] The waveguide horn antenna can be regarded as an outward-expanding waveguide, through which directivity can be improved and diffraction can be reduced. The construction and working principle of the waveguide horn antenna involve the slow conversion of the energy of the beam into radiation, thereby reducing losses and improving the focusing of the beam. The structure of the waveguide horn antenna is relatively simple, easy to form, low cost, and high product yield and consistency. However, the single antenna spacing and thickness of the waveguide horn antenna are large, resulting in the deterioration of the antenna side lobe / grating lobe and the bulky product.

[0005] PCB microstrip antenna is a type of antenna developed from microstrip transmission line. It is a low-profile planar antenna suitable for high-speed flying objects and is relatively easy to form an array antenna. PCB microstrip antenna has mature technology, simple structure, high integration, good antenna directional pattern indicators, and is overall light and thin. However, the efficiency of a single unit is low, and the actual gain of the antenna is low, which affects the communication rate.

[0006] The structure of PCB microstrip antenna + active antenna combines the principle of active phased array, puts the transmission loss in front and the receiving loss in the back, effectively solving the defect of low efficiency of PCB microstrip antenna. However, this structure increases the overall cost of the antenna and increases power consumption. Because the active antenna is a unidirectional amplification, the introduction of the active antenna leads to insufficient bandwidth and increases the complexity of the structure after heat dissipation and shielding.

[0007] The patent document with publication number CN116666961A discloses a low-profile dual-polarization waveguide slot array antenna unit, which includes a radiation slot, a resonant cavity, a cross-coupling slot, a first feeding waveguide, a straight coupling slot, and a second feeding waveguide arranged from top to bottom. A radiation slot is arranged above the resonant cavity. There are 4 radiation slots in total, forming a 2×2 array. This scheme is a pure structural design. In order to solve the problem of large-pitch grating lobes, radiation slots and resonant cavities are introduced. Therefore, the overall structure of the antenna has more layers, resulting in increased thickness.

[0008] The patent document with publication number CN207994082U discloses a dual-polarization waveguide slot array antenna, which uses E-plane waveguide and ridge waveguide to staggeredly arrange slots to achieve dual polarization. However, the structure is too compact, has high process requirements, is difficult to assemble, and has poor production consistency.

[0009] The patent with publication number CN118099776B discloses a dual-polarized microstrip planar array antenna with co-aperture for transmission and reception based on a hybrid feed network, including a dual-polarized microstrip radiating array, a vertically polarized feed network, and a horizontally polarized feed network. It adopts a microstrip + waveguide hybrid network design, which reduces the difficulty of waveguide processing and improves the overall compactness. However, the introduction of an overly long microstrip line leads to low overall efficiency of the antenna. Summary of the invention

[0010] To this end, the present application provides a broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna and its constituent network to solve the problems of antenna sidelobe / grating lobe deterioration and bulky products existing in the prior art.

[0011] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] In a first aspect, a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna comprises at least two radiating structures, a coupled power-dividing microstrip line, a coupled radiating plate and a waveguide structure, wherein a waveguide port is provided on the top of the waveguide structure, the coupled power-dividing microstrip line is fixedly arranged on the waveguide port and is perpendicular to the waveguide port, the coupled radiating plate is arranged on the coupled power-dividing microstrip line and is perpendicular to the coupled power-dividing microstrip line, the waveguide port and the coupled radiating plate are arranged at the same position, and at least two of the radiating structures are fixedly connected via the coupled power-dividing microstrip line;

[0013] The radiation structure includes a coupling plate and four radiation plates, the four radiation plates are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the coupling plate, and the center points of the four radiation plates coincide with the four vertices of the coupling plate, and there is a gap between every two radiation plates; when at least two of the radiation structures are fixedly connected through the coupling power division microstrip line, one end of the coupling power division microstrip line is fixedly arranged in the gap of one of the radiation structures, and the other end is fixedly arranged in the gap of the other radiation structure.

[0014] Preferably, the waveguide opening is an H-shaped waveguide opening.

[0015] Preferably, the waveguide structure includes a first waveguide and a second waveguide, the first waveguide is arranged above the second waveguide and the bottom surface contacts the top surface of the second waveguide, the first waveguide is provided with H-shaped waveguide openings through the upper and lower surfaces, and the second waveguide is an H-face ridge waveguide.

[0016] In the second aspect, an antenna equal phase difference network includes a plurality of the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antennas, a differential waveguide power divider and a power branch node, wherein the differential waveguide power divider is fixedly connected to the plurality of the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antennas via the power branch node.

[0017] Preferably, the differential waveguide power divider is an EH differential waveguide power divider, which includes a first E-plane waveguide and a double H-plane ridge waveguide, wherein the first E-plane waveguide is vertically fixedly connected to the double H-plane ridge waveguide, an end of the first E-plane waveguide away from the double H-plane ridge waveguide is a signal input end, and an end close to the double H-plane ridge waveguide is a matching cavity, the double ridges of the double H-plane ridge waveguide are output ports, and the output port is fixedly connected to the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna through the power division branch.

[0018] Preferably, the differential waveguide power divider also includes a second E-waveguide structure, the signal input end of the second E-waveguide structure is fixedly connected to the matching cavity of the first E-plane waveguide, and the signal output end of the second E-waveguide structure is fixedly connected to the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna through the power dividing branch.

[0019] In a third aspect, an antenna staggered power division network comprises a plurality of the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antennas, wherein the plurality of the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antennas form a plurality of 2X2 arrays, wherein the waveguide structures in two parallel sides of each array have the same height and have a height difference with the waveguide structures in another group of parallel sides, and the waveguide structures with the same height in all arrays are connected together through waveguide extension sections.

[0020] Preferably, the waveguide extension is in the form of a ridge waveguide power divider.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The present application provides a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna, comprising at least two radiating structures, a coupled power-dividing microstrip line, a coupled radiating plate and a waveguide structure, wherein a waveguide port is provided on the top of the waveguide structure, the coupled power-dividing microstrip line is fixedly arranged on the waveguide port and is perpendicular to the waveguide port, the coupled radiating plate is arranged on the coupled power-dividing microstrip line and is perpendicular to the coupled power-dividing microstrip line, the waveguide port and the coupled radiating plate are arranged at the same position, and at least two radiating structures are fixedly connected by the coupled power-dividing microstrip line; the radiating structure comprises a coupling plate and four radiating plates, the four radiating plates are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the coupling plate, and the center points of the four radiating plates coincide with the four vertices of the coupling plate, and there is a gap between every two radiating plates; when at least two radiating structures are fixedly connected by the coupled power-dividing microstrip line, one end of the coupled power-dividing microstrip line is fixedly arranged in the gap of one radiating structure, and the other end is fixedly arranged in the gap of another radiating structure. The broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna provided by the present application not only realizes power division, but also adds a radiating plate, which can effectively suppress the antenna grating lobe and side lobe, and effectively reduces the thickness of the entire antenna, and the product is light and thin.

[0023] 2. The present application provides an antenna equal phase difference network, including multiple broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas, differential waveguide power dividers and power branch nodes, wherein the differential waveguide power divider is fixedly connected to the multiple broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas through the power branch nodes. The antenna equal phase difference network provided in this embodiment realizes the equal phase design of the antenna port.

[0024] 3. The present application provides an antenna staggered power division network, including multiple broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas, multiple broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas form multiple 2X2 arrays, the waveguide structures in the two parallel sides of each array are of the same height, and there is a height difference with the waveguide structures in the other group of parallel sides, and the waveguide structures of the same height in all arrays are connected together through waveguide extension sections. The antenna staggered power division network provided by the present application realizes the co-layer and staggered design of the network, effectively reduces the thickness of the whole machine, and realizes a lightweight design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more intuitively illustrate the prior art and the present application, exemplary drawings are given below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the drawings should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing the present application; for example, those skilled in the art are capable of easily making conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / attribution division, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, dimensional ratios, etc. of certain units (components) based on the technical concepts and exemplary drawings disclosed in the present application.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna structure provided in Example 1 of the present application (top view);

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the radiation structure of a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna provided in Example 1 of the present application (top view);

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram (top view) of a coupled power-dividing microstrip line, a coupled radiating plate and a waveguide structure of a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a waveguide structure of a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an EH differential waveguide power divider of an antenna equal phase difference network provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of an EH differential waveguide power divider of an antenna equal phase difference network provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 A top view of an EH differential waveguide power divider of an antenna equal phase difference network provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an EHE differential waveguide power divider of an antenna equal phase difference network provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0034] Fig. 9 A top view of an EHE differential waveguide power divider of an antenna equal phase difference network provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0035] Fig.10 A top view of an antenna equal phase difference network provided in Example 2 of the present application (the radiation structure is hidden);

[0036] Fig.11 A top view of an antenna equal phase difference network provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0037] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of an antenna staggered power division network structure provided in Example 3 of the present application;

[0038] Fig.13 A cross-sectional diagram of an antenna staggered power division network provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0039] Fig.14 A cross-sectional view of an antenna staggered power division network A polarization network and a B polarization network provided in Example 3 of the present application;

[0040] Fig.15This is a staggered cross-sectional view of the A polarization network and the B polarization network of an antenna staggered power division network provided in Example 3 of the present application.

[0041] Description of reference numerals:

[0042] 1. Radiating structure; 101. Radiating plate; 102. Coupling plate; 2. Coupling power division microstrip line; 3. Coupling radiating plate; 4. Waveguide structure; 401. First waveguide structure; 4011. H-shaped waveguide port; 402. Second waveguide structure; 5. First E-plane waveguide; 501. Signal input terminal; 502. Matching cavity; 6. Double H-plane ridge waveguide; 601. Double H-plane ridge waveguide-cavity; 602. Double H-plane ridge waveguide-ridge; 7. Second E-plane waveguide; 701. Signal output terminal; 8. Waveguide extension section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present application is further described below in detail through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0044] In the description of this application: unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to, and do not have special meanings in terms of technical connotations (for example, they should not be understood as emphasizing the importance or order, etc.). Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0045] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this application are usually used to indicate the general relative position relationship for the purpose of intuitive understanding by referring to the drawings, and are not absolute limitations on the position relationship in the actual product.

[0046] Embodiment 1

[0047] See also Figure 1 The present embodiment provides a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna, comprising at least two radiating structures 1, a coupled power-dividing microstrip line 2, a coupled radiating plate 3 and a waveguide structure 4. A waveguide opening is provided on the top of the waveguide structure 4. The coupled power-dividing microstrip line 2 is fixedly arranged on the waveguide opening and is perpendicular to the waveguide opening. The coupled radiating plate 3 is arranged on the coupled power-dividing microstrip line 2 and is perpendicular to the coupled power-dividing microstrip line 2. The waveguide opening and the coupled radiating plate 3 are arranged at the same position. At least two radiating structures 1 are fixedly connected by the coupled power-dividing microstrip line 2.

[0048] See also Figure 2, the radiation structure 1 includes four radiation plates 101 and a coupling plate 102. The four radiation plates 101 are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the coupling plate 102, and the center points of the four radiation plates 101 coincide with the four vertices of the coupling plate 102, and there is a gap between every two radiation plates 101; when at least two radiation structures 1 are fixedly connected through the coupling power division microstrip line 2, one end of the coupling power division microstrip line 2 is fixedly arranged in the gap of one radiation structure 1, and the other end is fixedly arranged in the gap of another radiation structure 1. The radiation structure 1 provided in this embodiment adopts the structure of a bottom coupling plate + a top crack (there is a gap) radiation plate, which can effectively improve the antenna bandwidth, increase the radiation efficiency, and enhance the polarization isolation.

[0049] See also Figure 3 The broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment uses a coupled power-dividing microstrip line 2, a coupled radiating plate 3 and a waveguide structure 4 to connect multiple radiating structures 1 to form a complete antenna, wherein the coupled power-dividing microstrip line 2 is used to achieve power division, and the coupled radiating plate 3 is a small radiating plate. The waveguide-microstrip power divider is provided with a power divider + small radiating plate combination structure, which can not only achieve power division, but also increase radiating plates, and can effectively suppress the antenna grating lobe and side lobe.

[0050] See also Figure 4 In a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment, the waveguide structure 4 includes a first waveguide 401 and a second waveguide 402. The first waveguide 401 is arranged above the second waveguide 402 and the bottom surface contacts the top surface of the second waveguide 402. The first waveguide 401 is provided with an H-shaped waveguide opening 4011 (also known as an "I"-shaped waveguide opening) through the upper and lower surfaces, and the second waveguide 402 is an H-face ridge waveguide.

[0051] A broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna provided in this embodiment uses a PCB microstrip antenna + metal structure network solution, utilizes mature PCB technology, and designs a large-spacing ultra-wideband PCB microstrip antenna to achieve coplanarity of transmission and reception; the larger antenna unit spacing improves the unit spacing, increases the waveguide structure spacing, effectively reduces the manufacturing process of the metal structure network, improves the yield and consistency, solves the contradiction between large antenna spacing and low grating lobes and side lobes, and effectively reduces the thickness of the entire antenna, making the product light and thin.

[0052] Embodiment 2

[0053] The present embodiment provides an antenna isophase difference network, including multiple broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas, differential waveguide power dividers and power branches provided in the first embodiment, wherein the differential waveguide power divider is fixedly connected to the multiple broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas through the power branches. The present embodiment can form multiple broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas into an antenna isophase difference network through various differential waveguide power dividers and power branches.

[0054] In this embodiment, the differential waveguide power divider can be an EH differential waveguide power divider or an EHE differential waveguide power divider. Through a single EH differential waveguide power divider, a single EHE differential waveguide power divider, or a combination of an EH differential waveguide power divider + an EHE differential waveguide power divider, multiple broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antennas can be combined into an antenna equal phase difference network.

[0055] For details, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 When the differential waveguide power divider is an EH differential waveguide power divider (also called: E-plane waveguide to double H-plane ridge waveguide structure), the EH differential waveguide power divider includes a first E-plane waveguide 5 and a double H-plane ridge waveguide 6. The first E-plane waveguide 5 is vertically fixedly connected to the double H-plane ridge waveguide 6. The end of the first E-plane waveguide 5 away from the double H-plane ridge waveguide 6 is a signal input end 501, and the end close to the double H-plane ridge waveguide 6 is a matching cavity 502. The double ridges of the double H-plane ridge waveguide 6 are output ports, namely, double H-plane ridge waveguide-ridge 602. The output port is fixedly connected to a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna through a power branch. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The cavity of the double H-plane ridge waveguide 6 is a double H-plane ridge waveguide-cavity 601 .

[0056] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the EH differential waveguide power divider and the broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna can effectively improve the antenna reception and transmission and polarization isolation, and the matching cavity 502 is used to adjust the matching between the signal input port and the signal output port.

[0057] For details, please refer to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 When the differential waveguide power divider is an EHE differential waveguide power divider (E-plane waveguide to double H-plane ridge waveguide + single E-plane waveguide structure), the EHE differential waveguide power divider includes a first E-plane waveguide 5, a double H-plane ridge waveguide 6 and a second E-waveguide structure 7. The signal input end of the second E-waveguide structure 7 is fixedly connected to the matching cavity 502 of the first E-plane waveguide 5, and the signal output end 701 of the second E-waveguide structure 7 is fixedly connected to the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna through a power branch.

[0058] When the differential waveguide power divider is an EHE differential waveguide power divider, the signal input end 501 of the first E-plane waveguide 5 is the first input port, the two double H-plane ridge waveguide-ridges 602 of the double H-plane ridge waveguide 6 are the second output port and the third output port, respectively, and the signal output end 701 of the second E-waveguide structure 7 is the fourth output port. In this embodiment, the power division ratio can be adjusted by controlling the depth of the two double H-plane ridge waveguide-ridges 602 of the double H-plane ridge waveguide 6 into the first E-plane waveguide 5. The deeper the second output port and the third output port are into the first E-plane waveguide 5, the greater the power division ratio is; the narrower the E-plane width of the second E-waveguide structure 7, the smaller the power division ratio is; the matching cavity 502 at the fourth output port can adjust the impedance of the three output ports appropriately.

[0059] This embodiment can also be combined with the EH differential waveguide power divider and the EHE differential waveguide power divider to form a larger antenna equal phase difference network, which can be referred to in Fig.10 and Fig.11 It should be noted that this antenna equal phase difference network is combined with a differential PCB microstrip antenna (i.e., a broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna), and the power branch 1_1 and the power branch 1_2 are differentiated again, which can ensure the normal radiation of the antenna while further improving the polarization isolation of the antenna; the power branches 2 and 3 have sufficient length freedom, which can be used to realize the equal phase design of the antenna port.

[0060] Embodiment 3

[0061] See also Fig.12 and Fig.13 The present embodiment provides an antenna staggered power division network, including a plurality of broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas provided in the first embodiment, wherein the plurality of broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas form a plurality of 2X2 arrays, wherein the waveguide structures 4 in two parallel sides of each array have the same height, and have a height difference with the waveguide structures 4 in another set of parallel sides, and the waveguide structures 4 of the same height in all arrays are connected together by waveguide extension sections 8. The antenna staggered power division network provided in the present embodiment can effectively reduce the thickness of the entire device.

[0062] Specifically, the waveguide extension section 8 (also called a waveguide bridge or jumper) is in the form of a ridge waveguide power divider, which is usually used to achieve conversion and connection between waveguide structures while maintaining or changing the transmission mode, impedance and frequency characteristics.

[0063] See also Fig.14 and Fig.15 In this embodiment, the A polarization network adopts the ridge waveguide power division form, and the entire network is placed in the first and second layer structures; the B polarization network is placed in the second layer structure, and the second layer adopts the A\B polarization intercalation layout, which can reduce the overall structure thickness.

[0064] It should be noted that the A polarization network refers to a network with one polarization mode, which is usually used to process horizontally polarized signals; the B polarization network refers to a network with another polarization mode, which is usually used to process vertically polarized signals; the A polarization network and the B polarization network do not cut the E-surface waveguide current path at the split layer to ensure signal transmission.

[0065] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features). To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; these embodiments that are not explicitly written should also be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises at least two radiation structures, a coupled power-dividing microstrip line, a coupled radiation sheet and a waveguide structure, wherein a waveguide port is provided on the top of the waveguide structure, the coupled power-dividing microstrip line is fixedly arranged on the waveguide port and is perpendicular to the waveguide port, the coupled radiation sheet is arranged on the coupled power-dividing microstrip line and is perpendicular to the coupled power-dividing microstrip line, the waveguide port and the coupled radiation sheet are arranged at the same position, and at least two radiation structures are fixedly connected via the coupled power-dividing microstrip line; The radiation structure includes a coupling plate and four radiation plates, the four radiation plates are fixedly arranged at the four corners of the coupling plate, and the center points of the four radiation plates coincide with the four vertices of the coupling plate, and there is a gap between every two radiation plates; when at least two of the radiation structures are fixedly connected through the coupling power division microstrip line, one end of the coupling power division microstrip line is fixedly arranged in the gap of one of the radiation structures, and the other end is fixedly arranged in the gap of the other radiation structure.

2. The broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide opening is an H-shaped waveguide opening.

3. The broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waveguide structure includes a first waveguide and a second waveguide, wherein the first waveguide is arranged above the second waveguide and the bottom surface contacts the top surface of the second waveguide, the first waveguide passes through the upper and lower surfaces and is provided with H-shaped waveguide openings, and the second waveguide is an H-face ridge waveguide.

4. An antenna equal phase difference network, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antennas, differential waveguide power dividers and power branch nodes as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the differential waveguide power divider is fixedly connected to the plurality of broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antennas via the power branch nodes.

5. The antenna equal phase difference network according to claim 4, characterized in that: The differential waveguide power divider is an EH differential waveguide power divider, which includes a first E-plane waveguide and a double H-plane ridge waveguide, wherein the first E-plane waveguide is vertically and fixedly connected to the double H-plane ridge waveguide, an end of the first E-plane waveguide away from the double H-plane ridge waveguide is a signal input end, and an end close to the double H-plane ridge waveguide is a matching cavity, the double ridges of the double H-plane ridge waveguide are output ports, and the output port is fixedly connected to the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna through the power branch.

6. The antenna equal phase difference network according to claim 5, characterized in that: The differential waveguide power divider also includes a second E-waveguide structure, a signal input end of the second E-waveguide structure is fixedly connected to the matching cavity of the first E-plane waveguide, and a signal output end of the second E-waveguide structure is fixedly connected to the broadband large-spacing waveguide microstrip antenna through the power branch.

7. An antenna staggered power division network, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plurality of broadband large-pitch waveguide microstrip antennas form a plurality of 2X2 arrays, wherein the waveguide structures in two parallel sides of each array have the same height and have a height difference with the waveguide structures in another group of parallel sides, and the waveguide structures with the same height in all arrays are connected together by waveguide extension sections.

8. The antenna staggered power division network according to claim 7, characterized in that: The waveguide extension is in the form of a ridge waveguide power divider.

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