Antenna unit, antenna array, antenna device and base station system

Abstract

The utility model relates to an antenna unit, an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system.The antenna unit comprises an insulating base material plate, a feed network, a metal ground layer, a reflecting plate, an insulating base material arm, a radiation arm and a feed balun, the feed network is connected to the insulating base material plate, the metal ground layer is connected to the insulating base material plate, and the metal ground layer and the feed network are located on the same side of the insulating base material plate; at least part of the reflecting plate is arranged on the side, away from the insulating base material plate, of the metal ground layer, the reflecting plate is in coupling connection with the metal ground layer and the feed network, the insulating base material arm is connected to the insulating base material plate and located on the side, away from the feed network and the metal ground layer, of the insulating base material plate, and the radiation arm is arranged on the insulating base material arm. The feed balun is arranged on the insulating base material arm, one end of the feed balun is electrically connected with the feed network, the other end of the feed balun is electrically connected with the radiation arm, and the feed balun is used for feeding the radiation arm. According to the antenna unit, the dielectric loss of the feed network can be reduced, the coupling between the feed network and the radiation arm is reduced, and the radiation performance and isolation of the antenna unit are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna unit, an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, mobile communication technology has made great progress. As an important part of mobile communication, base station antennas have also evolved with the development of communication technology, from single-frequency and dual-frequency to multi-frequency to a larger number of Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (Massive MIMO) base station antennas. At present, as antenna arrays become more and more complex, the number of antenna units is also increasing. In the existing antenna unit structure, the feed network is coupled to the ground through the dielectric plate, resulting in high dielectric loss, and the close distance between the feed network and the radiating arm will cause the coupling between the feed network and the radiating arm to be strong, affecting the performance of the antenna. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the present application provides an antenna unit, an antenna array, an antenna device and a base station system to solve the problem that the feeding network is coupled to the ground through a dielectric plate, resulting in high dielectric loss, and the close distance between the feeding network and the radiating arm will cause strong coupling between the feeding network and the radiating arm, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna.

[0004] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided an antenna unit, comprising an insulating substrate board, a feeding network, a metal layer, a reflecting plate, an insulating substrate arm, a radiating arm and a feeding balun, wherein the feeding network is connected to the insulating substrate board, the metal layer is connected to the insulating substrate board and is located on the same side of the insulating substrate board as the feeding network, at least a portion of the reflecting plate is arranged on a side of the metal layer away from the insulating substrate board, the reflecting plate is coupled to the metal layer and the feeding network, the insulating substrate arm is connected to the insulating substrate board and is located on a side of the insulating substrate board away from the feeding network and the metal layer, the radiating arm is arranged on the insulating substrate arm, the feeding balun is arranged on the insulating substrate arm, one end of the feeding balun is electrically connected to the feeding network, and the other end is electrically connected to the radiating arm for feeding the radiating arm.

[0005] In the present application, the reflector can gather the radio frequency signal to the gathering point of the radiating arm, improve the sensitivity of the radio frequency signal reception, and block the interference radio waves outside the reflector. The metal stratum and the feeding network are located on the same side of the insulating substrate plate, thereby reducing the dielectric loss between the feeding network and the reflecting plate, and improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit. In addition, the metal stratum in this structure occupies a small area on the insulating substrate plate, which makes it possible for the feeding network and the metal stratum to be arranged on the same side of the insulating substrate plate, and the structure saves the wiring space of the feeding network. In addition, the radiating arm, as the main radiator of the antenna unit, can effectively radiate or receive radio frequency signals, and the feeding network and the radiating arm arranged on the insulating substrate arm are respectively located on opposite sides of the insulating substrate plate, thereby reducing the coupling between the feeding network and the radiating arm, and effectively improving the radiation performance and isolation of the antenna unit.

[0006] In a possible design, the insulating substrate plate includes a plate body and a boss, the boss is protruding from the plate body, the feed network is arranged on the plate body, and the metal layer is arranged on the boss. After the antenna unit is assembled, the metal layer on the boss can be directly coupled or gap-coupled with the reflector.

[0007] In a possible design, the metal layer is directly coupled to the reflector. The antenna unit of this structure is simple and easy to prepare.

[0008] In a possible design, the insulating substrate plate also includes a support portion protruding from the plate body toward the reflective plate, the support portion abuts against at least a portion of the reflective plate, and the metal layer is spaced apart from the reflective plate.

[0009] There is no need for structural connection such as screws between the insulating substrate plate and the reflector, which further reduces the structural complexity of the antenna unit, reduces the difficulty of coupling connection between the metal stratum and the reflector, and improves the stability of the coupling connection between the metal stratum and the reflector. In addition, the structure is simple and low in cost, and can ensure the stability of the spacing distance between the metal stratum and the reflector, thereby improving the stability of the coupling connection between the metal stratum and the reflector and ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna unit.

[0010] In a possible design, the insulating substrate arm includes a first plate and a second plate that are cross-arranged, the first plate includes a first surface and a second surface that are oppositely arranged, the second plate includes a third surface and a fourth surface that are oppositely arranged, the radiating arm includes a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, a third radiating arm and a fourth radiating arm, the first radiating arm is arranged on the first surface, the second radiating arm is arranged on the second surface, and the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the second plate; the feeding balun is used to feed the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm to generate a first polarization, the third radiating arm is arranged on the third surface, the fourth radiating arm is arranged on the fourth surface, and the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the first plate; the feeding balun is used to feed the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm to generate a second polarization.

[0011] In the structure, two radiating arms of the same polarization are staggered on two opposite surfaces of the same board, so that the arrangement of the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm on the first board and the second board is more reasonable, while ensuring the radiation performance of the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm, the occupied space of the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm on the first board and the second board is reduced, so as to facilitate the flexible arrangement of the feeding balun on the first board and the second board, improve the design freedom of the antenna unit, and at the same time reduce the volume of the insulating substrate arm and the difficulty of arrangement, which is conducive to the miniaturized design of the antenna unit.

[0012] In one possible design, the first radiating arm is arranged on a side of the first surface adjacent to the fourth surface, the second radiating arm is arranged on a side of the second surface adjacent to the third surface, the third radiating arm is arranged on a side of the third surface adjacent to the second surface, and the fourth radiating arm is arranged on a side of the fourth surface close to the first surface.

[0013] The first radiation arm and the fourth radiation arm can be located on two adjacent surfaces, so that the third ground balun and the fourth ground balun can be arranged closer, so that the third ground balun and the fourth ground balun can be connected to the metal stratum on the other side of the insulating substrate plate through a third metallized via. At the same time, the second radiation arm and the third radiation arm can be located on two adjacent surfaces, so that the first ground balun and the second ground balun can be arranged closer, so that the first ground balun and the second ground balun can also be connected to the metal stratum on the other side of the insulating substrate plate through a third metallized via, thereby further reducing the structural complexity of the antenna unit, improving production efficiency, saving preparation costs, and facilitating the miniaturization and lightweight design of the antenna unit.

[0014] In one possible design, the feed balun includes a first feed balun and a second feed balun, the first feed balun is arranged on the first surface, the first feed balun is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and is coupled to the second radiation arm, the second feed balun is arranged on the fourth surface, the second feed balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm, and is coupled to the third radiation arm.

[0015] The first feed balun is coupled to the first ground balun, so that the first feed balun can feed current to the second radiating arm through the first ground balun to meet the feeding requirement of the second radiating arm. At the same time, the setting of the first ground balun can make the current flow direction of the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm on the same polarization consistent, thereby forming a dipole, meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit. The second feed balun is coupled to the second ground balun, so that the second feed balun can feed current to the third radiating arm through the second ground balun to meet the feeding requirement of the third radiating arm. At the same time, the setting of the second ground balun can make the current flow direction of the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm on the same polarization consistent, thereby forming a dipole, meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit.

[0016] In a possible design, the second board is provided with a first through hole, the first through hole is provided on a side of the second board adjacent to the first surface, at least part of the first feeding balun passes through the first through hole to be electrically connected to the first radiating arm, and / or the first board is provided with a second through hole, the second through hole is provided on a side of the first board adjacent to the fourth surface, and the second feeding balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiating arm through the second through hole. In this structure, the feeding balun is directly connected to the radiating arm on the same surface as the feeding balun, thereby ensuring a stable connection between the feeding balun and the radiating arm.

[0017] In a possible design, the second board is provided with a first metallized via, the first metallized via is provided on a side of the second board adjacent to the first surface, at least a portion of the first feed balun extends to the second board and is electrically connected to the first radiation arm through the first metallized via, and / or, the first board is provided with a second metallized via, the second metallized via is provided on a side of the first board adjacent to the fourth surface, at least a portion of the second feed balun extends to the first board and is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm through the second metallized via. In this structure, the feed balun is connected to the radiation arm on the same surface thereof through the metallized via, which can further reduce the design difficulty of the insulating substrate arm, facilitate the flexible connection of the feed balun and the radiation arm, and improve the design freedom of the antenna unit.

[0018] In one possible design, the antenna unit also includes a first ground balun and a second ground balun, the first ground balun is arranged on the second surface and coupled to the first feed balun, one end of the first ground balun is electrically connected to the second radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer, the second ground balun is arranged on the third surface and coupled to the second feed balun, one end of the second ground balun is electrically connected to the third radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

[0019] The first feed balun is coupled to the first ground balun, so that the first feed balun can feed current to the second radiating arm through the first ground balun to meet the feeding requirement of the second radiating arm. At the same time, the setting of the first ground balun can make the current flow direction of the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm on the same polarization consistent, thereby forming a dipole, meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit. The second feed balun is coupled to the second ground balun, so that the second feed balun can feed current to the third radiating arm through the second ground balun to meet the feeding requirement of the third radiating arm. At the same time, the setting of the second ground balun can make the current flow direction of the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm on the same polarization consistent, thereby forming a dipole, meeting the design requirements of the antenna unit.

[0020] In one possible design, the antenna unit also includes a third ground balun and a fourth ground balun, the third ground balun is arranged on the first surface, one end of the third ground balun is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer, and the fourth ground balun is arranged on the fourth surface, one end of the fourth ground balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

[0021] When the first feeding balun feeds the first radiating arm, the third grounding balun can be equivalent to a short-circuit of / wavelength, which can realize balanced feeding of the first radiating arm, so as to ensure that the current amplitude and phase on the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit. When the second feeding balun feeds the fourth radiating arm, the fourth grounding balun can be equivalent to a short-circuit of / wavelength, which can realize balanced feeding of the fourth radiating arm, so as to ensure that the current amplitude and phase on the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit.

[0022] In one possible design, a plurality of metal ground layers are provided, and each of the metal ground layers is electrically connected to at least one of the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun, and the fourth ground balun, thereby ensuring reliable grounding of the ground balun while further reducing the space occupied by the metal ground layer on the insulating substrate board, facilitating the flexible arrangement of the feeding network in the antenna unit and enhancing the design freedom of the antenna unit.

[0023] In a possible design, the metal ground layer is provided with a first ground balun, a second ground balun, a third ground balun, and a fourth ground balun which are electrically connected to the metal ground layer to further reduce the complexity of the structure, facilitate manufacturing and production, and save costs.

[0024] In a possible design, a third metallized via is provided on the insulating substrate, and the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun and / or the fourth ground balun are electrically connected to the metal ground layer through the third metallized via. This structure is simple, easy to implement, and further saves preparation costs.

[0025] In a possible design, a fourth metallized via is provided on the insulating substrate plate, and the feed balun is electrically connected to the feed network through the fourth metallized via. This structure is simple, easy to implement, and further saves preparation costs.

[0026] The second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, which includes the antenna unit described in any of the above embodiments. Since the antenna unit has the above technical effects, the antenna array including the antenna unit should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0027] The third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an antenna device, which includes the antenna array described in any of the above embodiments. Since the antenna array has the above technical effects, the antenna device including the antenna array should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0028] The fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application is a base station system, the base station system comprising the antenna device described in any of the above embodiments. Since the antenna device has the above technical effects, the base station system comprising the antenna device should also have corresponding technical effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0029] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station system provided in the present application in some embodiments;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device in some embodiments;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array provided in the present application in one embodiment;

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna array in another perspective;

[0035] Figure 5 An exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 6 An exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in a second embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 7 An exploded schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in a third embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of part of the antenna unit in the first viewing angle;

[0040] Fig.10 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a portion of the antenna unit in the middle at a second viewing angle;

[0041] Fig.11 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of part of the antenna unit in the third perspective;

[0042] Fig.12 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a part of the antenna unit in the fourth viewing angle;

[0043] Fig.13A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Fig.14 for Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of part of the antenna unit in the first viewing angle;

[0045] Fig.15 for Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a portion of the antenna unit in the middle at a second viewing angle;

[0046] Fig.16 for Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of part of the antenna unit in the third perspective;

[0047] Fig.17 for Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a part of the antenna unit in the fourth viewing angle;

[0048] Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.19 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Reference numerals:

[0052] 100-antenna device;

[0053] 101-antenna array;

[0054] 102-Phase shifter;

[0055] 103- transmission network;

[0056] 104- combiner;

[0057] 105-radome;

[0058] 200-antenna adjustment bracket;

[0059] 300-fixed rod;

[0060] 400-Joint seal;

[0061] 500- grounding device;

[0062] 10-antenna unit;

[0063] 1- Insulating substrate board;

[0064] 11-Plate body;

[0065] 12- boss;

[0066] 13- supporting part;

[0067] 2- insulating substrate arm;

[0068] 21- first board;

[0069] 211- first surface;

[0070] 212- second surface;

[0071] 22- Second board;

[0072] 221 - third surface;

[0073] 222- fourth surface;

[0074] 23- first penetration;

[0075] 24-first metallized via;

[0076] 25-second metallized via;

[0077] 26-third metallized via;

[0078] 27- fourth metallized via;

[0079] 28-convex;

[0080] 3- Feeding network;

[0081] 4-Metallic formation;

[0082] 5- Radiating arm;

[0083] 51-first radiation arm;

[0084] 52- second radiation arm;

[0085] 53- third radiation arm;

[0086] 54- fourth radiation arm;

[0087] 6-Feed balun;

[0088] 61- first feed balun;

[0089] 62-second feed balun;

[0090] 71-first ground balun;

[0091] 72-second ground balun;

[0092] 73-Third ground balun;

[0093] 74-Fourth ground balun;

[0094] 8-reflector;

[0095] 9- guiding layer;

[0096] 91-depression;

[0097] X-first direction;

[0098] Y-second direction;

[0099] Z - third direction.

[0100] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0101] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0102] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or explained, the term "plurality" refers to two or more; the terms "connected" and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0103] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0104] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0105] The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

[0106] Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupled connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection", which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless / non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts to form an equivalent capacitor.

[0107] Relative / relative setting: The relative setting of A and B may refer to A and B being set face to face (opposite to, or face toface).

[0108] Radiating arm: It is a device in the antenna used to receive / send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the narrow sense of "antenna" means a radiator, which converts the waveguide energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into waveguide energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or waveguide energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy by the radiator and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is transmitted to the receiver input via the feeder line.

[0109] The radiating arm can be a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a wire antenna. A wire antenna is an antenna composed of one or more metal wires with a wire diameter much smaller than the wavelength and a length comparable to the wavelength, and can be used as a transmitting or receiving antenna. The main forms of wire antennas include dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna), planar inverted F antennas (also known as PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna), slot antennas or slot antennas, antenna arrays, etc. For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding unit from the feeding end of the radiating branch. For example, for a slot antenna or a slot antenna, a single radiating branch may be included, and both ends of the branch are grounded to form a slot or slot.

[0110] The radiating arm may also be a slot or a slit formed on a conductor. For example, an antenna formed by a slit on a conductor surface may also be referred to as a slot antenna or a slotted antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is in the shape of a long strip. In some embodiments, the length of the slot is about half a wavelength. In some embodiments, the slot may be fed by a transmission line connected across one or both sides thereof, or by a waveguide or a resonant cavity. A radio frequency electromagnetic field is excited on the slot, and electromagnetic waves are radiated into space.

[0111] Balun: A balanced-unbalanced converter that feeds the two radiating arms of the same polarization of the antenna unit and achieves equal output amplitude and 180° phase difference.

[0112] The current unidirectional / reverse distribution mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the conductor on the same side is unidirectional / reverse. For example, when unidirectional distributed current is excited on a ring-shaped conductor (for example, the current path is also ring-shaped), it should be understood that the main current excited on the conductors on both sides of the ring-shaped conductor (for example, the conductors surrounding a gap, on the conductors on both sides of the gap) is opposite in direction, which still falls within the definition of unidirectional distributed current in the present application.

[0113] The limitations such as collinearity, coaxiality, coplanarity, symmetry (for example, axisymmetry, or center symmetry, etc.), parallelism, perpendicularity, and sameness (for example, same length, same width, etc.) mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are all for the current technological level, rather than absolutely strict definitions in a mathematical sense. There may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold value (for example, 1mm, 0.5m, or 0.1mm) in the line width direction between two collinear radiating branches or the edges of two antenna units. There may be a deviation of less than a predetermined threshold value (for example, 1mm, 0.5m, or 0.1mm) in the direction perpendicular to their coplanar planes between two coplanar radiating branches or the edges of two antenna units. There may be a deviation of a predetermined angle (for example, ±5°, ±10°) between two antenna units that are parallel or perpendicular to each other.

[0114] The present application provides a base station system, an antenna device 100, an antenna array 101 and an antenna unit 10. The base station system, the antenna device 100, the antenna array 101 and the antenna unit 10 can be applied to fields such as radar, broadcasting and communication.

[0115] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base station system provided in this application in some embodiments. Figure 1As shown, the base station system is composed of an antenna device 100, an antenna adjustment bracket 200, a fixing rod 300, a joint seal 400, a grounding device 500, etc. The base station system is an interface device for wireless communication and can exchange information with communication terminals in the area.

[0116] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4 , Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna device 100 in some embodiments is shown in FIG. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array provided in this application in one embodiment. Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna array from another perspective.

[0117] like Figure 2 As shown, the antenna device 100 is composed of an antenna array 101, a phase shifter 102, a transmission network 103 or a calibration network, a combiner 104 or an undulator, and a radome 105. The antenna array 101, the phase shifter 102, the transmission network 103 or a calibration network, the combiner 104 or an undulator and other components are arranged in the radome 105. The radome 105 can protect the internal components from the external environment. It has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in electrical performance and can withstand the external harsh environment in mechanical performance. Please also refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The antenna array 101 includes a plurality of antenna units 10 and receives or transmits radio frequency signals through components such as a phase shifter 102 , a transmission network 103 and a combiner 104 .

[0118] The antenna unit 10 is described in detail below through a specific embodiment. For ease of understanding, the length direction of the antenna unit 10 is defined as a first direction X, the width direction of the antenna unit 10 is defined as a second direction Y, and the height direction of the antenna unit 10 is defined as a third direction Z.

[0119] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in the first embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the antenna unit 10 includes an insulating substrate plate 1, and the material of the insulating substrate plate 1 can be ceramic, polycarbonate (PC), or modified polyester resin (PY). Of course, the insulating substrate plate can also be other materials that can be used for energy radiation, etc., which is not limited here.

[0120] The antenna unit 10 also includes a feed network 3, which is connected to the insulating substrate board 1. The feed network 3 can feed the signal to the radiating arm of the antenna unit 10 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or send the received wireless signal to the signal processing unit of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase. The feed network 3 is usually composed of a controlled impedance transmission line. The feed network 3 may include a coupling power divider, a phase shifter, and in some cases, may also include devices such as a combiner and a filter.

[0121] It should be noted that if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, for the same antenna array 101, the insulating substrate plate 1 of multiple antenna units 10 can be an integrally formed structure. At the same time, multiple antenna units 10 can share a feed network 3, or the feed network 3 of each antenna unit 10 can be connected in parallel or in series to increase the design freedom of the antenna unit 10, which is not limited here.

[0122] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 The antenna unit 10 further includes a metal ground layer 4, which is connected to the insulating substrate plate 1, and the metal ground layer 4 can be used for grounding the components in the antenna device 10. The metal ground layer 4 is made of a conductive material. In some embodiments, the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate and an aluminum-plated substrate. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the metal ground layer 4 can also be made of other conductive materials, which is not limited here.

[0123] like Figure 5 As shown, the antenna unit 10 further includes a reflector 8, which can focus the radio frequency signal to the focusing point of the radiation arm 5, improve the sensitivity of receiving the radio frequency signal, and block the interference waves outside the reflector 8. At least part of the reflector 8 is arranged on the side of the metal layer 4 away from the insulating substrate plate 1, wherein the reflector 8 is coupled to the metal layer 4 and the feeding network 3.

[0124] It should be noted that if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, for the same antenna array 101, the reflective plates 8 of multiple antenna units 10 can be an integrally formed structure.

[0125] Among them, Figure 5As shown, the metal ground layer 4 is coupled to the feed network 3 and is located on the same side of the insulating substrate plate 1 as the feed network 3, thereby reducing the dielectric loss between the feed network 3 and the reflector 8, and improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10. In addition, the metal ground layer 4 in this structure occupies a small area on the insulating substrate plate 1, which makes it possible to set the feed network 3 and the metal ground layer 4 on the same side of the insulating substrate plate 1, and this structure saves the wiring space of the feed network 3.

[0126] For example, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in the second embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, only one metal layer 4 may be provided in each antenna unit 10, and the ground balun of the antenna unit 10 is electrically connected to the metal layer 4 to further reduce the complexity of the structure, facilitate manufacturing and production, and save costs.

[0127] For example, please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit provided in the third embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, each antenna unit 10 may also be provided with a plurality of metal layers 4, such as two, three, four, etc., which may be provided specifically according to actual needs and are not limited here. Each metal layer 4 is electrically connected to at least one of the plurality of ground baluns of the antenna unit 10, thereby ensuring reliable grounding of the ground balun and further reducing the space occupied by the metal layer 4 on the insulating substrate plate 1, facilitating the flexible arrangement of the feed network 3 in the antenna unit 10 and improving the design freedom of the antenna unit 10.

[0128] The shape of the metal layer 4 may be circular, rectangular or other irregular shapes, and may be specifically configured according to actual needs to further enhance the design freedom of the antenna unit 10 , and is not limited here.

[0129] like Figure 5 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the insulating substrate plate 1 includes a plate body 11 and a boss 12. Along the third direction Z, the boss 12 is protruded on the side of the plate body 11 facing the reflector 8. The feeding network 3 is arranged on the plate body 11, and the metal layer 4 is arranged on the boss 12. Therefore, after the antenna unit 10 is assembled, the metal layer 4 located on the boss 12 can be directly coupled or gap-coupled with the reflector 8, and at the same time, the feeding network 3 located on the plate body 11 can maintain a certain distance from the reflector 8.

[0130] Among them, when the metal layer 4 is directly coupled to the reflector 8, that is, the metal layer 4 can be directly in contact with the reflector 8, the antenna unit 10 of this structure is simple in structure and easy to prepare. Exemplarily, the insulating substrate plate 1 can be connected to the reflector 8 by screws or adhesives, so that the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8 are fully fitted to ensure the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10.

[0131] When the metal layer 4 is gap-coupled with the reflector 8, no structural connection such as screws is required between the insulating substrate plate 1 and the reflector 8, which further reduces the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10, reduces the difficulty of the coupling connection between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8, and improves the stability of the coupling connection between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8.

[0132] Of course, in order to further improve the structural stability of the antenna unit 10, the insulating substrate plate 1 and the reflector plate 8 may also be fixedly connected by screws.

[0133] For example, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the insulating substrate plate 1 further includes a support portion 13 protruding from the plate body 11 toward the direction of the reflector 8, the support portion 13 abuts against at least a portion of the reflector 8, and the metal layer 4 is spaced apart from the reflector 8. The structure is simple and low in cost, and can ensure the stability of the spacing distance between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8, thereby improving the stability of the coupling connection between the metal layer 4 and the reflector 8 and ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10.

[0134] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna unit provided in the first embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, the antenna unit 10 further includes an insulating substrate arm 2, which is connected to the insulating substrate plate 1 and is located on a side of the insulating substrate plate 1 away from the feed network 3 and the metal layer 4. The insulating substrate arm 2 can be integrally formed with the insulating substrate plate 1, thereby reducing the production process of the antenna unit 10, facilitating the automated production of the antenna unit 10, improving production efficiency, and saving costs.

[0135] like Figure 8 As shown, the antenna unit 10 further includes a radiating arm 5, which serves as the main radiator of the antenna unit 10 and can effectively radiate or receive radio frequency signals. Figure 3 , the radiating arm 5 is arranged on the insulating substrate arm 2, that is, in the embodiment of the present application, along the third direction Z, the feeding network 3 and the radiating arm 5 arranged on the insulating substrate arm 2 are respectively located on the opposite sides of the insulating substrate board 1, thereby reducing the coupling between the feeding network 3 and the radiating arm 5, thereby effectively improving the radiation performance and isolation of the antenna unit 10.

[0136] like Figure 8 As shown, the antenna unit 10 further includes a feeding balun 6 , which is disposed on the insulating substrate arm 2 , one end of the feeding balun 6 is electrically connected to the feeding network 3 , and the other end of the feeding balun 6 is electrically connected to the radiating arm 5 , for feeding the radiating arm 5 .

[0137] The above-mentioned radiation arm 5, feed balun 6, feed network 3, and metal layer 4 can be formed on the insulating substrate arm 2 and / or the insulating substrate board 1 by using, for example, an electric locking process or an LDS process, thereby further facilitating the automated production of the antenna unit 10, reducing the weight of the antenna unit 10, and saving costs.

[0138] For further information, please refer to Figures 9 to 12 , Figures 9 to 12 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of part of the antenna unit at the first viewing angle, the second viewing angle, the third viewing angle and the fourth viewing angle respectively.

[0139] like Figures 9 to 12 As shown, the insulating substrate arm 2 includes a first plate 21 and a second plate 22 arranged crosswise, the first plate 21 includes a first surface 211 and a second surface 212 arranged oppositely, and the second plate 22 includes a third surface 221 and a fourth surface 222 arranged oppositely.

[0140] The angle between the first plate 21 and the second plate 22 may range from 60° to 120° to meet the design requirements of different antenna units 10 .

[0141] In a specific embodiment, the radiation arm 5 includes a first radiation arm 51, a second radiation arm 52, a third radiation arm 53 and a fourth radiation arm 54. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the first radiation arm 51 is disposed on the first surface 211, the second radiation arm 52 is disposed on the second surface 212, and the first radiation arm 51 and the second radiation arm 52 are respectively located on both sides of the second plate 22, and the feeding balun 6 is used to feed the first radiation arm 51 and the second radiation arm 52 to generate the first polarization. Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the third radiation arm 53 is arranged on the third surface 221, the fourth radiation arm 54 is arranged on the fourth surface 222, and the third radiation arm 53 and the fourth radiation arm 54 are respectively located on both sides of the first plate 21, and the feeding balun 6 is used to feed the third radiation arm 53 and the fourth radiation arm 54 to generate the second polarization.

[0142] In this structure, two radiation arms of the same polarization are staggered on two opposite surfaces of the same board, so that the arrangement of the first radiation arm 51, the second radiation arm 52, the third radiation arm 53 and the fourth radiation arm 54 on the first board 21 and the second board 22 is more reasonable, while ensuring the radiation performance of the first radiation arm 51, the second radiation arm 52, the third radiation arm 53 and the fourth radiation arm 54, the occupied space of the first radiation arm 51, the second radiation arm 52, the third radiation arm 53 and the fourth radiation arm 54 on the first board 21 and the second board 22 is reduced, so as to facilitate the flexible arrangement of the feeding balun 6 on the first board 21 and the second board 22, thereby improving the design freedom of the antenna unit 10 and reducing the volume and arrangement difficulty of the insulating substrate arm 2, which is conducive to the miniaturized design of the antenna unit 10.

[0143] Furthermore, if Fig. 9 and Fig.11 As shown, the feed balun 6 includes a first feed balun 61 and a second feed balun 62. Figure 5 A fourth metallized via 27 can be provided on the insulating substrate plate 1, so that the first feeding balun 61 and the second feeding balun 62 can be electrically connected to the feeding network 3 through the fourth metallized via 27. The structure is simple and easy to implement, further saving the preparation cost.

[0144] Among them, Fig. 9 As shown, the first feeding balun 61 is disposed on the first surface 211, and the first feeding balun 61 is electrically connected to the first radiating arm 51 located on the same surface. Fig.10 The first feeding balun 61 is coupled to the second radiating arm 52 , so that the first feeding balun 61 can feed the first radiating arm 51 and the second radiating arm 52 simultaneously to generate the first polarization.

[0145] like Fig.11 As shown, the second feeding balun 62 is disposed on the fourth surface 222, and the second feeding balun 62 is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm 54 located on the same surface. Fig.10 The second feeding balun 62 is coupled to the third radiating arm 53 , so that the second feeding balun 62 can feed the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 simultaneously to generate the second polarization.

[0146] The structure is simple and can reduce the space occupied by the first feeding balun 61 and the second feeding balun 62 , thereby further reducing the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10 , so as to facilitate the miniaturization design of the antenna unit 10 .

[0147] Furthermore, the feed balun 6 can be directly connected to the radiating arm 5 located on the same surface as the feed balun 6 to ensure a stable connection between the feed balun 6 and the radiating arm 5. Of course, the feed balun 6 can also be connected to the radiating arm 5 located on the same surface as the feed balun 6 through a metallized via to further reduce the design difficulty of the insulating substrate arm 2, so as to facilitate the flexible connection between the feed balun 6 and the radiating arm 5 and improve the design freedom of the antenna unit 10. The connection method between the feed balun 6 and the radiating arm 5 located on the same surface as the feed balun 6 can be specifically set according to actual needs and is not limited here.

[0148] Exemplarily, the first feeding balun 61 and the second feeding balun 62 may be directly connected to the radiation arm 5 located on the same plane. Fig. 9 As shown, a first through hole 23 may be provided on the second board 22, and the first through hole 23 is provided on a side of the second board 22 adjacent to the first surface 211, so that at least a portion of the first feed balun 61 can pass through the first through hole 23 to be electrically connected to the first radiation arm 51 located on the same surface. At the same time, a second through hole (not shown in the figure) may be provided on the first board 21, and the second through hole is provided on a side of the first board 21 adjacent to the fourth surface 222, so that the second feed balun 62 can be electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm 54 located on the same surface through the second through hole.

[0149] Exemplarily, one of the first feeding balun 61 and the second feeding balun 62 is directly connected to the radiating arm located on the same plane, and the other is connected to the radiating arm located on the same plane through a metallized via. Fig. 9 In the specific embodiment shown, a first through hole 23 may be provided on the second board 22, and the first through hole 23 is provided on a side of the second board 22 adjacent to the first surface 211, so that at least a portion of the first feeding balun 61 can pass through the first through hole 23 to be electrically connected to the first radiation arm located on the same surface. Fig.11 and Fig.12 A second metallized via 25 is provided on the first board 21, and the second metallized via 25 is provided on a side of the first board 21 adjacent to the fourth surface 222, and at least a portion of the second feed balun 62 extends to the first board 21 and is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm 54 located on the same surface through the second metallized via 25.

[0150] For example, the first feeding balun 61 and the second feeding balun 62 may also be connected to the radiation arm 5 located on the same surface thereof through metallized vias. Figures 13 to 17 , Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit provided in the second embodiment of the present application, Figures 14 to 17 for Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna unit in the first perspective, the second perspective, the third perspective and the fourth perspective. Fig.14 and Fig.17 As shown, the second board 22 may be provided with a first metallized via 24, the first metallized via 24 being provided on a side of the second board 22 adjacent to the first surface 211, and at least a portion of the first feeding balun 61 extends to the second board 22 and is electrically connected to the first radiation arm 51 located on the same surface through the first metallized via 24. Alternatively, Fig.16 and Fig.17 As shown, the first board 21 is provided with a second metallized via 25, and the second metallized via 25 is arranged on a side of the first board 21 adjacent to the fourth surface 222, and at least a portion of the second feed balun 62 extends to the first board 21 and is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm 54 located on the same surface through the second metallized via 25.

[0151] Furthermore, if Fig.10 As shown, the antenna unit 10 also includes a first ground balun 71 and a second ground balun 72. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The first ground balun 71 is disposed on the second surface 212 and coupled to the first feeding balun 61 on the first surface 211. One end of the first ground balun 71 is electrically connected to the second radiation arm 52, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal layer 4. The first feeding balun 61 is coupled to the first ground balun 71, so that the first feeding balun 61 can feed the current to the second radiation arm 52 through the first ground balun 71 to meet the feeding requirements of the second radiation arm 52. At the same time, the setting of the first ground balun 71 can make the current on the first radiation arm 51 and the second radiation arm 52 on the same polarization flow in the same direction, thereby forming a dipole, which meets the design requirements of the antenna unit 10.

[0152] Please also refer to Fig.10 and Fig.11 The second ground balun 72 is disposed on the third surface 221 and coupled to the second feeding balun 62 located on the fourth surface 222. One end of the second ground balun 72 is electrically connected to the third radiation arm 53, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal layer 4. The second feeding balun 62 is coupled to the second ground balun 72, so that the second feeding balun 62 can feed the current to the third radiation arm 53 through the second ground balun 72 to meet the feeding requirements of the third radiation arm 53. At the same time, the second ground balun 72 can make the current flow direction of the third radiation arm 53 and the fourth radiation arm 54 on the same polarization consistent, thereby forming a dipole, which meets the design requirements of the antenna unit 10.

[0153] Furthermore, if Fig.10 As shown, a third metallized via 26 may be provided on the insulating substrate plate 1. Please also refer to Figure 5The first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can be connected to the metal layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through the third metallized via 26. The structure is simple, easy to implement, and further saves the preparation cost.

[0154] For example, Figure 5 and Fig.10 In the specific embodiment shown, the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can be connected to the metal layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through their corresponding third metallized vias 26. Figure 6 and Fig.15 In the specific embodiment shown, the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can also be connected to the metal ground layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26 to further reduce the complexity of the structure, save preparation costs, and enhance the design freedom of the antenna unit 10.

[0155] In a specific embodiment, Fig.12 As shown, the antenna unit 10 further includes a third ground balun 73 and a fourth ground balun 74. The third ground balun 73 is disposed on the first surface 211, one end of the third ground balun 73 is electrically connected to the first radiation arm 51, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal layer 4. The fourth ground balun 74 is disposed on the fourth surface 222, one end of the fourth ground balun 74 is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm 54, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal layer 4.

[0156] In this embodiment, Figures 9 to 12 As shown, when the first feeding balun 61 feeds the first radiating arm 51, the third grounding balun 73 can be equivalent to a short-circuit of 1 / 4 wavelength, which can realize balanced feeding of the first radiating arm 51, so as to ensure that the current amplitude and phase on the first radiating arm 51 and the second radiating arm 52 of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10. When the second feeding balun 62 feeds the fourth radiating arm 54, the fourth grounding balun 74 can be equivalent to a short-circuit of 1 / 4 wavelength, so as to realize balanced feeding of the fourth radiating arm 54, so as to ensure that the current amplitude and phase on the third radiating arm 53 and the fourth radiating arm 54 of the same polarization are symmetrical about the center, thereby improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10.

[0157] Furthermore, if Fig.12 As shown, a third metallized via 26 may be provided on the insulating substrate plate 1. Please also refer to Figure 5 The third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can be connected to the metal layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through the third metallized via 26. The structure is simple, easy to implement, and further saves the preparation cost.

[0158] For example, Figure 5 and Fig.10 In the specific embodiment shown, the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can be connected to the metal layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26 to further reduce the complexity of the structure and save the manufacturing cost. Of course, the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can also be connected to the metal layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through their corresponding third metallized vias 26 to further enhance the design freedom of the antenna unit 10.

[0159] It should be noted that the number and location of the third metallized vias 26 can be flexibly adjusted according to the specific locations of the first ground balun 71 , the second ground balun 72 , the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 , and are not limited here.

[0160] Among them, the above-mentioned first ground balun 71, second ground balun 72, third ground balun 73 and fourth ground balun 74 can be formed on the insulating substrate arm 2 and / or the insulating substrate plate 1 by means of, for example, an electric locking process or an LDS process, thereby further facilitating the automated production of the antenna unit 10, reducing the weight of the antenna unit 10 and saving costs.

[0161] Furthermore, if Fig.12 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the first radiation arm 51 is disposed on a side of the first surface 211 adjacent to the fourth surface 222, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown, the second radiation arm 52 is disposed on a side of the second surface 212 adjacent to the third surface 221, and the third radiation arm 53 is disposed on a side of the third surface 221 adjacent to the second surface 212. Fig.12 As shown, the fourth radiation arm 54 is disposed on a side of the fourth surface 222 close to the first surface 211 .

[0162] In this embodiment, Fig.12 As shown, the first radiation arm 51 and the fourth radiation arm 54 can be located on two adjacent surfaces, so that the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can be arranged close to each other, so that the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 can be connected to the metal layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26. Fig.15As shown, the second radiation arm 52 and the third radiation arm 53 can be located on two adjacent surfaces, so that the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can be arranged closer, so that the first ground balun 71 and the second ground balun 72 can also be connected to the metal ground layer 4 located on the other side of the insulating substrate plate 1 through a third metallized via 26, thereby further reducing the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10, improving production efficiency, saving preparation costs, and facilitating the miniaturization and lightweight design of the antenna unit 10.

[0163] In some specific embodiments, Fig.17 As shown, the antenna unit 10 may also not be provided with the third ground balun 73 and the fourth ground balun 74 to further reduce the structural complexity of the antenna unit 10, thereby improving production efficiency, saving preparation costs, and facilitating the miniaturization and lightweight design of the antenna unit 10.

[0164] For further information, please refer to Figures 18 to 20 , Fig.18 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the first embodiment of the present application. Fig.19 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the second embodiment of the present application. Fig. 20 Schematic diagram of the connection between the guide layer and the insulating substrate arm in the third embodiment of the present application.

[0165] like Figures 18 to 20 As shown, along the third direction Z, the antenna unit 10 may further include a metal guiding layer 9 disposed on the top of the insulating substrate arm 2 to further adjust the isolation of the antenna unit 10 and improve the radiation performance of the antenna unit 10 .

[0166] like Figures 18 to 20 As shown, in a specific embodiment, along the third direction Z, a protrusion 28 may be provided on the top of the insulating substrate arm 2, and a recessed portion 91 may be provided at a position corresponding to the protrusion 28. The protrusion 28 is correspondingly connected to the recessed portion 91 to limit the displacement of the guiding layer 9 at the top of the insulating substrate arm 2, thereby improving the structural stability of the antenna unit 10 and ensuring the radiation effect of the antenna unit 10.

[0167] Of course, the guiding layer 9 can also be fixed to the top of the insulating substrate arm 2 by bonding, screw connection or other methods, which is not limited here.

[0168] For example, Fig.18 and Fig.19 As shown, the guiding layer 9 may be a rectangular sheet structure, and its size may be set according to the actual requirements of the antenna unit 10, and is not limited here.

[0169] For example, Fig. 20As shown, the guiding layer 9 may also be an irregularly shaped sheet structure with a plurality of notches, so as to further enhance the design freedom of the antenna unit 10 and meet different configuration requirements of the antenna unit 10 .

[0170] Of course, the guiding layer 9 may also be other metal layers arranged on the top of the insulating substrate arm 2, which is not limited here.

[0171] In this specification, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In particular, for the device embodiment and the terminal embodiment, since they are basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description in the method embodiment.

[0172] The above is only a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiment of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiment of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that: include: Insulating substrate board; A feeding network connected to the insulating substrate board; A metal ground layer connected to the insulating substrate board and located on the same side of the insulating substrate board as the feed network; A reflector, at least a portion of which is disposed on a side of the metal layer away from the insulating substrate, and the reflector is coupled to the metal layer and the feed network; An insulating substrate arm connected to the insulating substrate plate and located on a side of the insulating substrate plate away from the feed network and the metal ground layer; A radiation arm, disposed on the insulating substrate arm; A feeding balun is arranged on the insulating substrate arm, one end of the feeding balun is electrically connected to the feeding network, and the other end of the feeding balun is electrically connected to the radiating arm, and is used for feeding the radiating arm.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The insulating substrate plate comprises a plate body and a boss, wherein the boss is convexly disposed on the plate body; The feed network is arranged on the board; The metal layer is disposed on the boss.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The metal layer is directly coupled to the reflection plate.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that The insulating substrate plate further includes a support portion protruding from the plate body toward the direction of the reflector, and the support portion abuts against at least a portion of the reflector; The metal layer and the reflective plate are spaced apart from each other.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The insulating substrate arm comprises a first plate and a second plate arranged crosswise, the first plate comprises a first surface and a second surface arranged oppositely, and the second plate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface arranged oppositely; The radiation arm comprises a first radiation arm, a second radiation arm, a third radiation arm and a fourth radiation arm; The first radiating arm is arranged on the first surface, the second radiating arm is arranged on the second surface, and the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the second board; the feeding balun is used for feeding the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm to generate a first polarization; The third radiating arm is arranged on the third surface, the fourth radiating arm is arranged on the fourth surface, and the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm are respectively located on both sides of the first board; the feeding balun is used for feeding the third radiating arm and the fourth radiating arm to generate a second polarization.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that The first radiating arm is disposed on a side of the first surface adjacent to the fourth surface, and the second radiating arm is disposed on a side of the second surface adjacent to the third surface; The third radiating arm is disposed on a side of the third surface adjacent to the second surface, and the fourth radiating arm is disposed on a side of the fourth surface close to the first surface.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The feed balun includes a first feed balun and a second feed balun; The first feeding balun is disposed on the first surface, the first feeding balun is electrically connected to the first radiating arm, and is coupled to the second radiating arm; The second feeding balun is disposed on the fourth surface, and the second feeding balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm and coupled to the third radiation arm.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second board is provided with a first through hole, the first through hole is provided on a side of the second board adjacent to the first surface, and at least a portion of the first feeding balun passes through the first through hole to be electrically connected to the first radiation arm; And / or, the first board is provided with a second through-hole, the second through-hole is provided on a side of the first board adjacent to the fourth surface, and the second feeding balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm through the second through-hole.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second board is provided with a first metallized via hole, the first metallized via hole is provided on a side of the second board adjacent to the first surface, at least a portion of the first feeding balun extends to the second board and is electrically connected to the first radiating arm through the first metallized via hole; And / or, the first board is provided with a second metallized via, the second metallized via is arranged on a side of the first board adjacent to the fourth surface, and at least a portion of the second feeding balun extends to the first board and is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm through the second metallized via.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The antenna unit further includes a first ground balun and a second ground balun; The first ground balun is disposed on the second surface and is coupled and connected to the first feeding balun correspondingly, one end of the first ground balun is electrically connected to the second radiation arm, and the other end of the first ground balun is electrically connected to the metal ground layer; The second ground balun is disposed on the third surface and is coupled to the second feeding balun accordingly. One end of the second ground balun is electrically connected to the third radiation arm, and the other end is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

11. The antenna unit according to claim 10, characterized in that The antenna unit further includes a third ground balun and a fourth ground balun; The third ground balun is disposed on the first surface, one end of the third ground balun is electrically connected to the first radiation arm, and the other end of the third ground balun is electrically connected to the metal layer; The fourth ground balun is disposed on the fourth surface, one end of the fourth ground balun is electrically connected to the fourth radiation arm, and the other end of the fourth ground balun is electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

12. The antenna unit according to claim 11, characterized in that A plurality of the metal ground layers are provided, and each of the metal ground layers is electrically connected to at least one of the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun, and the fourth ground balun.

13. The antenna unit according to claim 11, characterized in that The metal ground layer is provided with one, and the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun, and the fourth ground balun are electrically connected to the metal ground layer.

14. The antenna unit according to claim 11, characterized in that The insulating substrate plate is provided with a third metallized via, and the first ground balun, the second ground balun, the third ground balun and / or the fourth ground balun are electrically connected to the metal ground layer through the third metallized via.

15. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: A fourth metallized via is provided on the insulating substrate plate, and the feed balun is electrically connected to the feed network through the fourth metallized via.

16. An antenna array, characterized in that: The antenna array comprises the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. An antenna device, characterized in that: The antenna device comprises the antenna array as claimed in claim 16.

18. A base station system, characterized in that: The base station system comprises the antenna device according to claim 17.

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