Photovoltaic module installation and maintenance methods

Abstract

The present invention discloses a photovoltaic module installation method and maintenance method, which belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, including fixing a U-shaped mounting frame on a support frame, connecting the mounting frame with a driving motor through a rotating shaft to realize automatic tracking of the sun, and installing a photoelectric sensor tracking device to ensure that the photovoltaic module is always aligned with the sun. The maintenance component includes a water collection box, a flexible roller brush, etc., and the photovoltaic module is cleaned by sliding and rotating. The water collection box is provided with a magnetic water blocking ball and a guide rod to realize intermittent water supply and cleaning, and a condensing sheet is provided to increase the water collection amount. The lower end of the mounting frame is a hollow structure to improve the heat dissipation effect. After the installation is completed, an infrared thermal imager and a DC clamp-type ammeter are used to detect the photovoltaic module. During maintenance, the maintenance component relies on its own weight and rolling action to achieve cleaning, and uses magnetic repulsion to intermittently supply water to improve the cleaning effect. The present invention does not require manual intervention, reduces cleaning costs, and extends the service life of the photovoltaic module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and more specifically to a photovoltaic assembly installation method and a maintenance method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the development and utilization of renewable energy has become the focus of attention of countries around the world. Among them, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy, has huge development potential and broad application prospects. As the core component of the solar power generation system, the performance of photovoltaic modules directly affects the power generation efficiency and economic benefits of the entire system.

[0003] However, in actual applications, the installation and maintenance of photovoltaic modules face many challenges. First, the installation of photovoltaic modules needs to take into account multiple factors such as terrain, climate, and light to ensure that the installation location is reasonable, stable, and reliable to maximize the absorption of solar energy. Secondly, during the operation of photovoltaic modules, dust, bird droppings, fallen leaves and other debris often accumulate on their surfaces. These debris will block sunlight and reduce the light transmittance of photovoltaic modules, thereby affecting power generation efficiency. In addition, long-term dust accumulation may also cause corrosion to the surface glass of photovoltaic modules, shortening their service life. Therefore, how to efficiently and safely install and maintain photovoltaic modules has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current field of solar power generation.

[0004] Traditional photovoltaic module installation methods often use fixed mounting frames that cannot automatically adjust according to the position of the sun, resulting in the photovoltaic module's light absorption efficiency being limited. At the same time, traditional cleaning methods mainly rely on manual cleaning or high-pressure water gun washing, which is not only costly and inefficient, but may also cause damage to photovoltaic modules. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module installation method and a maintenance method, which not only improves the power generation efficiency and reduces the cleaning cost, but also embodies the concept of environmental protection and energy saving. By automatically tracking the position of the sun and automatically cleaning the photovoltaic modules, it reduces energy waste and environmental pollution, and contributes to sustainable development.

[0007] 2. Technical solution

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0009] The photovoltaic module installation method comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1. After transporting the accessories to the designated installation location, first fix the U-shaped mounting frame on the upper end of a pair of support frames to keep it stable;

[0011] S2. Rotate and install the rotating shafts extending from the center of the mounting frame to both sides between the U-shaped mounting frames, and pass one of the rotating shafts through the through hole reserved on the U-shaped mounting frame and connect it to the output end of the driving motor through the coupling, and then fix the driving motor to the side of the U-shaped mounting frame;

[0012] S3, sliding the maintenance assembly onto the installation frame and moving it to one side, and then fixing the photovoltaic assembly to the inner side of the installation frame;

[0013] S4. Install the photoelectric sensor tracking device on the U-shaped mounting frame and connect it to the drive motor;

[0014] S5. Check the installation quality of the photovoltaic modules. Once the quality is qualified, the installation can be completed.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the maintenance component includes a water collecting box, a pair of symmetrically distributed T-shaped sliders and extension plates are fixedly connected to the lower end of the water collecting box, a flexible roller brush is rotatably installed between the pair of extension plates, and a rolling column is rotatably installed on the end of the extension plate away from the flexible roller brush. The upper end of the water collecting box is open and the lower end is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed leakage holes. The water collected in the water collecting box can flow down through the leakage holes. When the maintenance component as a whole tilts and moves, under the rolling action of the rolling column, the flexible roller brush will rely on the rotation action to clean the surface of the photovoltaic component to a certain extent, and remove the dust and foreign matter covering the surface. Since the maintenance component relies on tilting action to achieve maintenance, the photovoltaic component has two larger tilting actions in a day, namely in the morning and evening. The cleaning frequency of twice a day can make it less likely for stubborn stains to appear on the surface of the photovoltaic component.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pair of T-shaped grooves matching the T-shaped slider are opened at the upper end of the installation frame, elastic airbag cushions are fixedly installed on both sides of the T-shaped grooves, and a pair of rolling grooves matching the rolling column are opened on the inner side wall of the installation frame.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner end of the water collecting box is fixedly connected with a plurality of guide rods evenly distributed and corresponding to the leakage holes, and a magnetic water blocking ball is slidably installed on the guide rod. The magnetic water blocking ball is used to seal the leakage hole. Under normal conditions, the magnetic water blocking ball will seal the leakage hole to prevent the collected water from flowing away prematurely. When sliding, the magnetic water blocking ball will cooperate with the repulsion effect of the magnetic repulsion block to make the magnetic water blocking ball leave the leakage hole and release part of the water to improve the cleaning effect. The intermittent water supply method can not only ensure the cleaning effect, but also absorb dust and reduce water consumption, thereby avoiding the deterioration of the cleaning effect of the lower area when not much water is collected.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, a plurality of magnetic shielding blocks corresponding to the magnetic water-blocking balls are installed inside the flexible roller brush. A magnetic repulsion block is inlaid on the surface of one end of the magnetic shielding block. Under normal conditions, the magnetic shielding block will shield the magnetic field of the magnetic water-blocking ball. When the flexible roller brush rotates, the magnetic repulsion block will be aligned with the magnetic water-blocking ball at a moment, at which time the magnetic water-blocking ball can be repelled from rising away from the leakage hole to release water.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the magnetic water plugging ball includes an inner sphere, the outer end of the inner sphere is coated with a silicone layer, and the inner end of the inner sphere is inlaid with a magnetic inner core. The silicone layer can play a certain protective role and at the same time ensure the sealing effect of the water leakage hole. The magnetic inner core is used to cooperate with the magnetic repulsion block to achieve intermittent sealing and opening effects.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, a plurality of condensing sheets distributed in an array are fixedly connected to the inner end of the water collecting box, and the condensing sheets are arranged at an angle and extend out of the outside of the water collecting box. The condensing sheets can not only condense and collect water vapor in the air to the greatest extent, avoiding limited water storage in non-rainy seasons, but also cover the collected water to reduce its evaporation consumption.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the lower end of the installation frame is a hollow structure and is equipped with a plurality of evenly distributed heat dissipation fins. The lower end surface of the installation frame maintains a distance of more than 30 cm from the ground, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the photovoltaic module during operation, thereby maintaining a good operating state.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the step S5 specifically includes:

[0023] Use an infrared thermal imager to detect the temperature difference on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module. When working under unshaded conditions, the temperature difference on the outer surface of the same photovoltaic module should be less than 20°C;

[0024] Use a DC clamp ammeter to measure the input current of each PV module string connected to the same DC combiner box under conditions where the solar radiation intensity is basically the same. The deviation should not exceed 5%.

[0025] The photovoltaic module maintenance method includes the following steps:

[0026] A. The drive motor controlled by the photoelectric sensor tracking device runs, which indirectly drives the photovoltaic module to rotate and always follow the sun to ensure the maximum light absorption efficiency;

[0027] B. When the installation frame is tilted to a certain angle and water is collected in the maintenance component, the weight overcomes the elastic resistance of the elastic airbag cushion and then slides;

[0028] C. Maintenance: Clean and maintain the surface of the photovoltaic modules when the modules slide and fall, so as to maintain good light transmittance and avoid corrosion of the surface glass.

[0029] 3. Beneficial effects

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0031] (1) The present invention uses a drive motor controlled by a photoelectric sensor tracking device to enable the photovoltaic module to always rotate in accordance with the position of the sun, ensuring that the photovoltaic module can absorb solar energy to the maximum extent at any time, thereby improving power generation efficiency. Compared with traditional fixed mounting frames, the automatic tracking function of the present invention can significantly improve the light absorption efficiency of the photovoltaic module and increase power generation.

[0032] (2) The maintenance component of the present invention adopts a water collection box and a flexible roller brush design, which can automatically collect water and use gravity to slide and clean when the mounting frame is tilted to a certain angle. This automatic cleaning method not only does not require human intervention, reducing cleaning costs, but also avoids possible damage to photovoltaic components caused by traditional cleaning methods. At the same time, the condensation sheet in the water collection box can further increase the amount of condensed water vapor collected in the air, providing sufficient water source for the cleaning process.

[0033] (3) Through regular automatic cleaning, the maintenance component of the present invention can maintain the cleanliness of the surface of the photovoltaic module and reduce the corrosion of dust accumulation on the surface glass of the photovoltaic module, thereby extending the service life of the photovoltaic module. This is of great significance for reducing the operation and maintenance cost of the photovoltaic power generation system and improving the overall economic benefits.

[0034] (4) The photovoltaic module installation method and maintenance method of the present invention not only improves power generation efficiency and reduces cleaning costs, but also embodies the concept of environmental protection and energy saving. By automatically tracking the position of the sun and automatically cleaning photovoltaic modules, energy waste and environmental pollution are reduced, thus contributing to sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module after installation of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the maintenance component of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a maintenance component portion of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the magnetic water plugging ball of the present invention.

[0039] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0040] 1. U-shaped mounting frame; 2. Support frame; 3. Mounting frame; 4. Maintenance assembly; 401. Water collecting box; 402. T-shaped slider; 403. Extension plate; 404. Flexible roller brush; 405. Rolling column; 406. Condensation sheet; 407. Guide rod; 408. Magnetic water blocking ball; 4081. Inner sphere; 4082. Silicone layer; 4083. Magnetic inner core; 409. Magnetic shielding block; 4010. Magnetic repulsion block; 5. Drive motor; 6. Elastic airbag cushion; 7. Photovoltaic module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "mounted / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] Example:

[0045] The photovoltaic module installation method comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. After transporting the accessories to the designated installation location, first fix the U-shaped mounting frame 1 on the upper end of a pair of support frames 2 to keep it stable;

[0047] S2, rotate and install the rotating shafts extending from the center of the mounting frame 3 to both sides between the U-shaped mounting frames 1, and pass one of the rotating shafts through the through hole reserved on the U-shaped mounting frame 1 and connect it to the output end of the driving motor 5 through the coupling, and then fix the driving motor 5 to the side of the U-shaped mounting frame 1;

[0048] S3, slidingly installing the maintenance component 4 onto the installation frame 3 and moving it to one side, and then fixing the photovoltaic component 7 to the inner side of the installation frame 3;

[0049] S4, installing the photoelectric sensor tracking device on the U-shaped mounting frame 1 and connecting it to the driving motor 5;

[0050] S5. Inspect the installation quality of the photovoltaic module 7. If the quality is qualified, the installation and operation can be completed.

[0051] The photoelectric sensing tracking device uses photosensitive silicon phototubes, silicon photocells and other components as sensors. The sensors can sense the direction and intensity of sunlight. When the position of the sun changes, the voltage or current output by the sensor will change. This change is used as an input signal. After being amplified by the amplifier circuit, the drive motor 5 rotates to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic module 7 so that the photovoltaic module 7 is always facing the sun.

[0052] The maintenance component 4 includes a water collecting box 401, and a pair of symmetrically distributed T-shaped sliders 402 and extension plates 403 are fixedly connected at the lower end of the water collecting box 401. A flexible roller brush 404 is rotatably installed between the pair of extension plates 403, and a rolling column 405 is rotatably installed at one end of the extension plate 403 away from the flexible roller brush 404. The upper end of the water collecting box 401 is open and the lower end is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed leakage holes. The water collected in the water collecting box 401 can flow down through the leakage holes. When the maintenance component 4 as a whole tilts and moves, under the rolling action of the rolling column 405, the flexible roller brush 404 will rely on the rotation action to clean the surface of the photovoltaic component 7 to a certain extent, and remove the dust and foreign matter covering the surface. Since the maintenance component 4 relies on the tilting action to achieve maintenance, the photovoltaic component 7 has two large tilting actions in a day, namely in the morning and evening. The cleaning frequency of twice a day can make it less likely for stubborn stains to appear on the surface of the photovoltaic component 7.

[0053] It is worth noting that the maintenance component 4 can only slide by overcoming the elastic resistance of the elastic airbag cushion 6 through weight when the tilt angle is large, and the tilt angle is generally in the morning and evening. This can avoid cleaning around noon or during periods of strong sunlight to prevent thermal shock or damage to the photovoltaic component 7.

[0054] A pair of T-shaped grooves matching the T-shaped slider 402 are provided at the upper end of the installation frame 3 , elastic airbag cushions 6 are fixedly installed on both sides of the T-shaped grooves, and a pair of rolling grooves matching the rolling column 405 are provided on the inner side wall of the installation frame 3 .

[0055] The elastic airbag cushion 6 can adjust the elastic resistance so that the maintenance component 4 will trigger the sliding action only when it is at a certain angle. The specific adjustment method can be achieved through the inflation amount.

[0056] The inner end of the water collecting box 401 is fixedly connected with a plurality of evenly distributed guide rods 407 corresponding to the leakage holes, and a magnetic water blocking ball 408 is slidably installed on the guide rod 407. The magnetic water blocking ball 408 is used to block the leakage hole. The magnetic water blocking ball 408 will block the leakage hole under normal conditions to prevent the collected water from flowing away prematurely. When sliding, the magnetic water blocking ball 408 cooperates with the repulsion effect of the magnetic repulsion block 4010 to make the magnetic water blocking ball 408 leave the leakage hole and release part of the water to improve the cleaning effect. The intermittent water supply method can not only ensure the cleaning effect, but also absorb dust and reduce the water consumption to avoid the cleaning effect of the lower area being poor when not much water is collected.

[0057] A plurality of magnetic shielding blocks 409 corresponding to the magnetic water-blocking balls 408 are installed inside the flexible roller brush 404. A magnetic repulsion block 4010 is embedded on the surface of one end of the magnetic shielding block 409. Under normal conditions, the magnetic shielding block 409 will shield the magnetic field of the magnetic water-blocking ball 408 from the magnetic repulsion block 4010. When the flexible roller brush 404 rotates, the magnetic repulsion block 4010 will be aligned with the magnetic water-blocking ball 408 at a moment, at which time the magnetic water-blocking ball 408 can be repelled from rising up and leaving the water leakage hole to release water.

[0058] The magnetic water plugging ball 408 includes an inner sphere 4081, the outer end of the inner sphere 4081 is coated with a silicone layer 4082, and the inner end of the inner sphere 4081 is inlaid with a magnetic inner core 4083. The silicone layer 4082 can play a certain protective role and at the same time ensure the sealing effect of the water leakage hole. The magnetic inner core 4083 is used to cooperate with the magnetic repulsion block 4010 to achieve intermittent sealing and opening effects.

[0059] A plurality of condensing sheets 406 distributed in an array are fixedly connected to the inner end of the water collecting box 401, and the condensing sheets 406 are inclined and extend out of the outside of the water collecting box 401. The condensing sheets 406 can not only condense and collect water vapor in the air to the greatest extent to avoid limited water storage in the non-rainy season, but also cover the collected water to reduce its evaporation consumption.

[0060] The lower end of the mounting frame 3 is a hollow structure and is equipped with a plurality of evenly distributed heat dissipation fins. The lower end surface of the mounting frame 3 is kept at a distance of more than 30 cm from the ground, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the photovoltaic module 7 during operation, thereby maintaining a good operating state.

[0061] Step S5 specifically includes:

[0062] Use an infrared thermal imager to detect the temperature difference on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module. When working under unshaded conditions, the temperature difference on the outer surface of the same photovoltaic module should be less than 20°C;

[0063] Use a DC clamp ammeter to measure the input current of each PV module string connected to the same DC combiner box under conditions where the solar radiation intensity is basically the same. The deviation should not exceed 5%.

[0064] The photovoltaic module maintenance method includes the following steps: the driving motor 5 controlled by the photoelectric sensor tracking device is operated, thereby indirectly driving the photovoltaic module 7 to rotate and always follow the sun to ensure the maximum light absorption efficiency; when the installation frame 3 is tilted to a certain angle and water is collected in the maintenance component 4, the elastic resistance of the elastic airbag cushion 6 is overcome by weight, and then sliding is performed; when sliding, the rolling action of the rolling column 405 is relied on to realize the rotation and cleaning of the surface of the photovoltaic module 7 by the flexible roller brush 404; in addition, when the flexible roller brush 404 rotates, it will drive the magnetic repulsion block 4010 to intermittently align with the magnetic water blocking ball 408, thereby relying on the repulsion effect to make it leave the leaking hole; at this time, part of the water in the water collection box 401 flows down to cooperate with the flexible bristles of the flexible roller brush 404 to improve the cleaning effect; compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic module maintenance method of the present invention can rely on the self-action of the maintenance component 4 to clean and maintain the surface of the photovoltaic module 7, while maintaining good light transmittance and avoiding corrosion of the surface glass.

[0065] The above is only a preferred specific implementation of the present invention; however, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solution and its improved conception within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module installation method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. After transporting the accessories to the designated installation location, first fix the U-shaped mounting frame (1) on the upper ends of a pair of support frames (2) to keep them stable; S2, rotating the rotating shafts extending from the center of the mounting frame (3) to both sides and installing them between the U-shaped mounting frames (1), and passing one of the rotating shafts through the through hole reserved on the U-shaped mounting frame (1) and connecting it to the output end of the driving motor (5) through a coupling, and then fixing the driving motor (5) to the side of the U-shaped mounting frame (1); S3, slidingly installing the maintenance component (4) onto the installation frame (3) and moving it to one side, and then fixing the photovoltaic component (7) to the inner side of the installation frame (3); S4, installing the photoelectric sensor tracking device on the U-shaped mounting frame (1) and connecting it to the driving motor (5); S5. Inspect the installation quality of the photovoltaic module (7). If the quality is qualified, the installation and operation can be completed.

2. The photovoltaic module installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maintenance component (4) comprises a water collecting box (401), a pair of symmetrically distributed T-shaped sliders (402) and an extension plate (403) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the water collecting box (401), a flexible roller brush (404) is rotatably mounted between the pair of extension plates (403), a rolling column (405) is rotatably mounted on one end of the extension plate (403) away from the flexible roller brush (404), and the upper end of the water collecting box (401) is open and a plurality of evenly distributed water leakage holes are provided at the lower end.

3. The photovoltaic module installation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A pair of T-shaped grooves matching the T-shaped slider (402) are provided at the upper end of the installation frame (3), elastic airbag cushions (6) are fixedly installed on both sides of the T-shaped grooves, and a pair of rolling grooves matching the rolling column (405) are provided on the inner side wall of the installation frame (3).

4. The photovoltaic assembly installation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of evenly distributed guide rods (407) corresponding to the water leakage holes are fixedly connected to the inner end of the water collecting box (401), and a magnetic water blocking ball (408) is slidably mounted on the guide rod (407), and the magnetic water blocking ball (408) is used to block the water leakage holes.

5. The photovoltaic assembly installation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of magnetic shielding blocks (409) corresponding to the magnetic water blocking balls (408) are installed inside the flexible rolling brush (404), and a magnetic repulsion block (4010) is inlaid on one end surface of the magnetic shielding block (409).

6. The photovoltaic assembly installation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The magnetic water plugging ball (408) comprises an inner sphere (4081), the outer end of the inner sphere (4081) is coated with a silica gel layer (4082), and the inner end of the inner sphere (4081) is inlaid with a magnetic inner core (4083).

7. The photovoltaic assembly installation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of condensing sheets (406) distributed in an array are fixedly connected to the inner end of the water collecting box (401), and the condensing sheets (406) are arranged obliquely and extend out of the outer side of the water collecting box (401).

8. The photovoltaic assembly installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the installation frame (3) is a hollow structure and is equipped with a plurality of evenly distributed heat dissipation fins, and the lower end surface of the installation frame (3) maintains a distance of more than 30 cm from the ground.

9. The photovoltaic assembly installation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 specifically includes: Use an infrared thermal imager to detect the temperature difference on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module. When working under unshaded conditions, the temperature difference on the outer surface of the same photovoltaic module should be less than 20°C; Use a DC clamp ammeter to measure the input current of each PV module string connected to the same DC combiner box under conditions where the solar radiation intensity is basically the same. The deviation should not exceed 5%.

10. The photovoltaic module maintenance method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A. The driving motor (5) controlled by the photoelectric sensor tracking device operates, thereby indirectly driving the photovoltaic module (7) to rotate and always follow the sun to ensure the maximum light absorption efficiency; B. When the installation frame (3) is tilted to a certain angle and water is collected in the maintenance component (4), it slides downward by relying on its weight; C. The maintenance component (4) cleans and maintains the surface of the photovoltaic component (7) while sliding down, thereby maintaining good light transmittance and preventing the surface glass from being corroded.

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