A method for formulating and applying special fertilizer for winter rape based on balance of nutrient supply and demand

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on nutrient supply and demand balance winter rape special fertilizer and fertilization method, belong to the technical field of crop planting, including the following steps: (1) obtain the N, P and K nutrient uptake of aboveground part of rape, calculate and determine the initial proportion of N, P and K nutrient;(2) according to the initial proportion of N, P and K nutrient provided by the fertilizer of the obtained rape growth period in step (1), obtain the correction fertilizer N, P and K nutrient proportion;(3) combined with the correction fertilizer N, P and K nutrient proportion obtained in step (2), determine the best proportion of rape N fertilizer base application, seedling stage topdressing and bud stage topdressing, P fertilizer and K fertilizer are all base application, obtain winter rape special fertilizer compound fertilizer.The fertilization method of the application reduces 20%~25% fertilizer, improves the nitrogen utilization efficiency.At the same time, the average yield of rape is increased by 5.5%~12.6%, the oil content and yield of rape are improved, the content of erucic acid, glucosinolate and other substances and soil bulk density are reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a special fertilizer for winter rape based on nutrient supply-demand balance and a fertilization method. BACKGROUND

[0002] If nitrogen fertilizer is not applied, the growth of rape cannot be met; if excessive fertilizer is applied, the utilization rate of the fertilizer and the quality of the rape decrease, and a series of environmental problems are caused. Therefore, a scientific, accurate and widely applicable recommended fertilization method and a light, simple and efficient fertilization technology are necessary measures for production in the main production areas of rape.

[0003] In the patent document with the publication number CN109220133A (a winter rape optimization fertilization method), the recommended amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is determined only by yield response and agronomic efficiency, and the preparation and fertilization technology of rape special fertilizer are not involved. In the patent document with the publication number CN113141836A (a regional tomato special fertilizer preparation and application method based on the QUEFTS model), the preparation of special fertilizer is mentioned, but no research is carried out on the fertilization technology in combination with soil fertilization and prevention of pests and diseases and agricultural machinery and agronomy. At present, under the condition of straw returning to field, there are a large number of pests such as Chilo suppressalis in rice stubble, which affects the root growth of rape in the seedling stage, and the existing technology cannot achieve the goals of quality improvement and yield increase and soil fertility improvement.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a special fertilizer for rape which can improve the quality and yield of rape and improve the soil fertility is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the application provides a special fertilizer for winter rape based on nutrient supply-demand balance and a fertilization method.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] A special fertilizer preparation method for winter rape based on nutrient supply-demand balance, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) The experimental data of rape fertilizer efficiency are counted, the nutrient absorption amount of the aboveground part of rape under different yields is fitted, the N, P and K nutrient absorption amounts of the aboveground part of rape are obtained, the soil basic fertilizer supply capacity level is determined according to the relative yield value RY corresponding to the 25 th , median and 75 th of the required N, P and K nutrients of rape, and the initial proportion of N, P and K nutrients is calculated and determined according to the supply-demand balance fertilization principle;

[0009] (2) According to the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients provided by the rape growth period fertilizer obtained in step (1), the N, P and K nutrient ratio in the rape growth period is adjusted according to the fertilizer utilization rate and the fertilization measures to obtain the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio;

[0010] (3) The modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio obtained in step (2) is combined, and according to the light and simple high-efficiency planting principle of rape, the best proportion of rape N fertilizer base application, seedling stage topdressing and bud stage topdressing is determined combined with the field nitrogen fertilizer operation test results, and P fertilizer and K fertilizer are all base applied to obtain the special fertilizer compound fertilizer for winter rape.

[0011] Preferably, the N, P and K nutrient uptake of the above-ground part of the rape is: under the condition that the average yield of rape seed per hectare is 2.7-3.0 t, the N, P and K nutrient uptake of the above-ground part of the rape is 117.5-130.5 kg, 29.7-33.0 kg and 120.4-133.8 kg, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the calculation formula of the supply-demand balanced fertilization principle in step (1) is:

[0013] The amount of fertilizer to be applied (F) = the above-ground nutrient uptake * (1-RY).

[0014] The relative yield of N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer is represented by RYN, RYP and RYK, respectively.

[0015] The amount of fertilizer to be applied of N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer is represented by FN, FP and FK, respectively.

[0016] More preferably, the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is shown in Table 1:

[0017] Table 1

[0018]

[0019] Preferably, the adjustment of the N, P and K nutrient ratio in the rape growth period in step (2) includes the following steps:

[0020] The seasonal utilization rate of N, P and K nutrients is: N: 25%-35%, P: 15%-25%, K: 30%-40%, and the basic N, P and K nutrients supply amount of the fertilizer is adjusted according to the seasonal utilization rate of 35%, 15% and 35% to modify the initial ratio of fertilizer N, P and K nutrients to obtain the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio.

[0021] The calculation process of the modified fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio is shown in Table 2 below:

[0022] Table 2

[0023]

[0024] Preferably, the oilseed rape planting principle in step (3) is to reduce labor input cost and optimize the planting process, and simplify the fertilization times.

[0025] Preferably, the optimal ratio of N base fertilization, seedling stage topdressing and bud stage topdressing in step (3) is 6:2:2.

[0026] The fertilization amount of the N base fertilization is 60% of the total nutrients.

[0027] Preferably, in step (3), under the condition of low-fertility farmland, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the winter rape special compound fertilizer is 17-13-15 (i.e., the nutrient contents of N, P and K are 17%, 13% and 15%, respectively, the same below).

[0028] Under the condition of medium-fertility farmland, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the winter rape special compound fertilizer is 19-12-14.

[0029] Under the condition of high-fertility farmland, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the winter rape special compound fertilizer is 21-12-12.

[0030] The N fertilizer correction calculation process is shown in Table 3.

[0031] Table 3

[0032]

[0033] Preferably, the following steps are further included:

[0034] (4) According to the yield of oilseed rape, adding organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, and adjusting the ratio of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and winter rape special compound fertilizer;

[0035] Preferably, the N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and the winter rape special compound fertilizer is (2-3):(7-8).

[0036] More preferably, under the condition of low-fertility farmland, the N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and the winter rape special compound fertilizer is 2:8.

[0037] Under the condition of medium-fertility farmland, the N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and the winter rape special compound fertilizer is 2.5:7.5.

[0038] Under the condition of high-fertility farmland, the N element ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and the winter rape special compound fertilizer is 3:7.

[0039] More preferably, the nitrogen content of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 2%.

[0040] The preferred ratio of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to winter rapeseed-specific compound fertilizer is shown in Table 4:

[0041] Table 4

[0042]

[0043] A special fertilizer for winter rapeseed prepared by the above-mentioned fertilizer formulation method includes compound fertilizer and organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer.

[0044] Preferably, the compound fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, nitrification inhibitors, and trace elements;

[0045] The N fertilizer includes urea; the P fertilizer includes monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; the K fertilizer includes potassium sulfate or potassium chloride; and the micronutrients include zinc sulfate and / or borax.

[0046] The organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer includes a nitrogen source, a carbon source, active substances, and insecticides;

[0047] The nitrogen source includes one or more types of livestock and poultry manure such as soybean meal and chicken manure; the carbon source includes one or more types of rice husk powder, wheat bran, straw, mushroom residue, etc.; the active substance includes 2-3 wt% fulvic acid (the mass ratio of fulvic acid in organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer), and also includes one or more types of yeast metabolites, citric acid, aspartic acid, etc.; the insecticide is an agent for controlling rice stem borers, including one or more types of chlorantraniliprole or abamectin.

[0048] In this invention, rapeseed is planted in fields after rice harvest. Rice cannot be burned after harvest, and there are a large number of pests and diseases in the rice stubble. Therefore, some insecticides are used to prevent the rice stem borer from damaging the roots of rapeseed seedlings.

[0049] A method for applying a special fertilizer for winter rapeseed, including applying basal fertilizer and applying topdressing;

[0050] The application of base fertilizer includes the following steps: thoroughly mixing the compound fertilizer and organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, applying the fertilizer after trenching, with a fertilization depth of 5-7cm;

[0051] The application of topdressing includes the following steps: subtract the nutrients from the base fertilizer from the total nutrients required by rapeseed to obtain the nutrients required for topdressing, and then convert them into the amount of humic acid urea used during the seedling stage (5.2 kg / mu) and the amount of humic acid urea used during the budding stage (5.2 kg / mu), and apply humic acid urea twice.

[0052] The preferred method for rapeseed fertilizer efficiency trials conducted over multiple years and at multiple locations was to use 12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), with a designed total fertilizer nutrient content of 45% and an organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer nitrogen content of 2%.

[0053] According to the nutrient ratio of FN*0.8:FP:FK under the low-fertility condition obtained in the step (4), the nutrient content (%) of the special fertilizer N-P-K is calculated as 17-13-15, the use amount of the special fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*0.8 / 0.17=34kg / mu, and the use amount of the organic nitrogen replacement fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*(1-0.8) / 0.02=72kg / mu;

[0054] Under the medium-fertility condition, the nutrient content (%) of the special fertilizer N-P-K is 19-12-14, the use amount of the special fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*0.75 / 0.19=28kg / mu, and the use amount of the organic nitrogen replacement fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*(1-0.75) / 0.02=90kg / mu;

[0055] Under the high-fertility condition, the nutrient content (%) of the special fertilizer N-P-K is 21-12-12, the use amount of the special fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*0.7 / 0.21=24kg / mu, and the use amount of the organic nitrogen replacement fertilizer per mu is 12*0.6*(1-0.7) / 0.02=108kg / mu.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0057] According to a large number of fertilizer efficiency tests, the present application uses the rapeseed fertilization method customized by yield response and agronomic efficiency, and determines the optimal fertilizer amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is consistent with the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the rapeseed growth cycle. The fertilization method of the present application can effectively improve the soil quality, increase the soil organic matter and reduce the soil bulk density. The fertilization method of the present application reduces the fertilizer by 20%~25% and improves the nitrogen utilization efficiency. The average yield of rapeseed is increased by 5.5%~12.6%, the oil content and yield of rapeseed are improved, and the contents of substances such as erucic acid and glucosinolate are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0058] The accompanying drawings, which form a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application. The illustrations, together with their description, serve to explain the application without imposing undue limitation thereto. In the drawings:

[0059] Figure 1 The photos of the growth conditions of the rapeseed in the rapeseed planting method of the example 1 (b) and the comparative example 1 (a) of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present application.

[0061] In order to make the above objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0062] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials in the embodiments of the present application are obtained by commercial channels.

[0063] The professional terms involved in the present application are defined or explained as follows:

[0064] Agronomic efficiency: the increment of rapeseed grain yield per unit of nitrogen / phosphorus / potassium fertilizer applied, and the agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are represented by AE / N, AE / P and AE / K, respectively.

[0065] QUEFTS model: on the basis of a large number of rapeseed fertilizer efficiency test data, the linear-parabolic-plateau function model is used to fit the relationship between rapeseed yield and aboveground nutrient uptake.

[0066] Relative yield: the ratio of the yield of rapeseed under the lack of fertilizer treatment to the yield under the fertilization treatment.

[0067] Soil base supply grade: defined as the supply capacity of a certain nutrient in the soil under the condition that the soil has sufficient supply of other nutrients without applying the certain nutrient.

[0068] The light, simple and efficient planting principle of rapeseed is to reduce labor input cost, optimize the planting process and simplify the fertilization frequency.

[0069] Embodiment 1

[0070] A rapeseed special fertilizer blending method based on nutrient supply and demand balance, comprising the following steps:

[0071] (1) Statistics of rapeseed fertilizer efficiency experimental data, fitting the nutrient uptake of aboveground part of rapeseed under different yields, obtaining the N, P and K nutrient uptake of rapeseed aboveground part, the N, P and K nutrient uptake of rapeseed aboveground part is: under the condition that the average yield of rapeseed per hectare is 2.7-3.0 t, the N, P and K nutrient uptake of rapeseed aboveground part is 117.5-130.5, 29.7-33.0 and 120.4-133.8 kg, respectively.

[0072] (2) According to the relative yield of N, P and K nutrients required by rapeseed, 25 th , median and 75th The corresponding relative yield value RY determines the soil basic fertilization ability grade, which is divided into three grades of low, medium and high, and the formula is calculated according to the supply-demand balanced fertilization principle: the amount of fertilizer required to be applied (F) = the amount of above-ground nutrient absorption * (1-RY), and the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is determined; wherein the relative yields of N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer are represented by RYN, RYP and RYK respectively, and the amounts of fertilizer required to be applied by N fertilizer, P fertilizer and K fertilizer are represented by FN, FP and FK respectively.

[0073] The initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is shown in Table 1:

[0074] Table 1

[0075]

[0076] (3) According to the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients provided by the rape fertilizer during the growth period obtained in step (2), the N, P and K nutrient ratio during the growth period of rape is adjusted according to the fertilizer utilization rate and fertilization measures, and the corrected fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio is obtained, which includes the following steps:

[0077] The seasonal utilization rate of N, P and K nutrients is: N: 25%-35%, P: 15%-25%, K: 30%-40%, and the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is adjusted according to the seasonal utilization rate of 35%, 15% and 35% respectively to obtain the corrected fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio.

[0078] The calculation process of the corrected fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio is shown in Table 2 below:

[0079] Table 2

[0080]

[0081] (4) Combined with the corrected fertilizer N, P and K nutrient ratio obtained in step (3), and according to the light and simple high-efficiency planting principle of rape, combined with the field nitrogen fertilizer operation test results, the best ratio of rape N fertilizer base application, seedling stage topdressing and bud stage topdressing is determined as 6:2:2, and the amount of N fertilizer base application is 60% of the total nutrient.

[0082] The correction calculation process of N fertilizer is shown in Table 3:

[0083] Table 3

[0084]

[0085] More specifically, under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the winter rape special fertilizer compound fertilizer is 17-13-15;

[0086] Under the condition of medium fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the special compound fertilizer for winter rape is 19-12-14;

[0087] Under the condition of high fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the special compound fertilizer for winter rape is 21-12-12.

[0088] (5) According to the yield of rape, organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is added to replace the fertilizer, and the addition ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the special compound fertilizer for winter rape is adjusted, wherein the nitrogen content of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 2%:

[0089] The addition ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the special compound fertilizer for winter rape is shown in Table 4:

[0090] Table 4

[0091]

[0092] That is, under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the N element addition ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the special compound fertilizer for winter rape is 2:8;

[0093] Under the condition of medium fertility of cultivated land, the N element addition ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the special compound fertilizer for winter rape is 2.5:7.5;

[0094] Under the condition of high fertility of cultivated land, the N element addition ratio of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer to the special compound fertilizer for winter rape is 3:7.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] A special fertilizer for planting rape in low-fertility cultivated land and a fertilization method, comprising the following steps:

[0097] The pure nitrogen use amount per mu is 12 kg / mu, the total nutrient content of the fertilizer is designed to be 45%, wherein the nutrient content (%) of the compound fertilizer N-P-K is 17-13-15, the fertilizer use amount of pure nitrogen is 12*0.6*0.8 / 0.17 (nitrogen content) = 34 kg / mu, and the use amount of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 12*0.6*(1-0.8) / 0.02 (organic nitrogen content 2%) = 72 kg / mu.

[0098] The compound fertilizer 34 kg includes the following raw materials:

[0099] 8.8 kg of urea, 9.6 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10.2 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg of nitrification inhibitor (1, 9 decanediol) additive, 0.9 kg of borax, 0.8 kg of zinc sulfate, and other materials are 3.6 kg of bentonite. After mixing the above raw materials, the compound fertilizer is obtained by using the high tower process.

[0100] The organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure as the nitrogen source, wheat bran and straw as the carbon source, adjusting the initial moisture content to 50%, controlling the C / N to be 25, adding self-owned fermentation strains, and stacking. Then, active substances such as fulvic acid and yeast metabolites are added in a proportion of 2-3 wt%, and the pesticide for preventing and controlling rice borer is chlorantraniliprole or abamectin, which is measured according to the pesticide instruction and uniformly mixed in the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. The product is granular organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer by using disc granulation. The total nutrient content of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer N+P+K is greater than 4%, and the nitrogen content is greater than or equal to 2%.

[0101] The special fertilizer is used for oilseed rape planting, including the following steps:

[0102] (1) Base fertilizer step: the granulated compound fertilizer and the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer are uniformly mixed, and the ditching, fertilizing, seeding, and pressing operations are completed by using a multifunctional oilseed rape precision direct seeding machine, and the fertilizing depth is 5-7 cm.

[0103] (2) Topdressing step: the total nutrient requirement of the oilseed rape is subtracted from the base fertilizer nutrient to obtain the topdressing nutrient, which is then converted into the humic acid urea amount of 5.2 kg / acre at the seedling stage and the humic acid urea amount of 5.2 kg / acre at the bud stage, and the humic acid urea is sprayed by using a unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] A special fertilizer for planting oilseed rape in medium-fertility farmland and a fertilizing method, including the following steps:

[0106] The pure nitrogen amount per acre is 12 kg / acre, the total nutrient content of the fertilizer is designed to be 45%, the nutrient content of the compound fertilizer N-P-K is 19-12-14, the fertilizer amount of pure nitrogen is 12*0.6*0.75 / 0.19 (the nitrogen content) = 28 kg / acre, and the fertilizer amount of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 12*0.6*(1-0.75) / 0.02 (the organic matter nitrogen content is 2%) = 90 kg / acre.

[0107] The compound fertilizer of 28 kg includes the following raw materials:

[0108] 8.7 kg of urea, 7.3 kg of diammonium phosphate, 7.9 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg of nitrification inhibitor (1,9 decanediol) additive, 0.7 kg of borax, 0.6 kg of zinc sulfate, and other materials of 2.8 kg of bentonite are added. The above raw materials are mixed and granulated by using a high tower process to obtain the compound fertilizer.

[0109] The organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is prepared by mixing chicken manure as the nitrogen source, wheat bran and straw as the carbon source, adjusting the initial moisture content to 50%, controlling the C / N ratio to 25, adding self-owned fermentation strains, and then adding active substances such as fulvic acid and aspartic acid in a proportion of 2-3 wt%. The pesticide for preventing and controlling rice borer is chlorantraniliprole or abamectin, which is measured according to the instructions and uniformly mixed in the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. The product is granular organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. The total nutrient content of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is greater than 4%, and the nitrogen content is greater than or equal to 2%.

[0110] The special fertilizer is used for oilseed rape planting, including the following steps:

[0111] (1) Base fertilizer step: Mix the granulated compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer uniformly, and use a multifunctional oilseed rape precision direct seeding machine to complete the operations of ditching, fertilizing, seeding, and pressing, etc. The fertilizing depth is 5-7 cm.

[0112] (2) Topdressing step: The total nutrient requirement of oilseed rape minus the nutrient content of base fertilizer to obtain the nutrient content of topdressing; then convert the humic acid urea dosage into 5.2 kg / acre at the seedling stage and 5.2 kg / acre at the rosette stage, and use a UAV to spray humic acid urea.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] A special fertilizer for planting oilseed rape in high-fertility farmland and a fertilization method, including the following steps:

[0115] The pure nitrogen dosage per mu is 12 kg / acre, the total nutrient content of the fertilizer is designed to be 45%, the nutrient content of the compound fertilizer N-P-K is 21-12-12, the fertilizer dosage of pure nitrogen is 12*0.6*0.7 / 0.21 (nitrogen content) = 24 kg / acre, and the dosage of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is 12*0.6*(1-0.7) / 0.02 (organic nitrogen content 2%) = 108 kg / acre.

[0116] The compound fertilizer includes the following raw materials:

[0117] Add 8.5 kg of urea, 6.3 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5.8 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg of nitrification inhibitor (1,9 decanediol) additive, 0.5 kg of borax, 0.4 kg of zinc sulfate, and 2.5 kg of bentonite to the above-mentioned raw materials, mix them, and use high tower process to granulate to obtain the compound fertilizer.

[0118] In the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer, the nitrogen source is chicken manure, the carbon source is wheat bran and straw, the chicken manure is mixed with the wheat bran and the straw according to a fresh weight ratio of 3:1, the initial moisture content is adjusted to 50%, the C / N is controlled to be 25, the self-owned fermentation strain is added, and the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer is prepared by stacking. Then, the active substance fulvic acid and citric acid are added in a proportion of 2-3wt%, the pesticide for preventing and treating rice borer is chlorantraniliprole or abamectin, and the pesticide is measured according to the instructions and uniformly mixed in the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer. The product is granular organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer by using disc granulation. The total nutrient content of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer N+P+K is greater than 4%, and the nitrogen content is greater than or equal to 2%.

[0119] The special fertilizer is used for oilseed rape planting, including the following steps:

[0120] (1) Base fertilizer step: the granulated compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are uniformly mixed, and the ditching, fertilizing, seeding and pressing operations are completed by using a multifunctional oilseed rape precision direct seeding machine integration, and the fertilizing depth is 5-7cm.

[0121] (2) Topdressing step: the total nutrient required by the oilseed rape is subtracted from the base fertilizer nutrient to obtain the nutrient of the topdressing; then the amount of humic acid urea at the seedling stage is converted to 5.2kg / acre, the amount of humic acid urea at the bud stage is converted to 5.2kg / acre, and the humic acid urea is sprayed by using an unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0122] Comparative example 1

[0123] An oilseed rape fertilization method, which is different from example 1, is a conventional fertilization method, wherein the base fertilizer of the conventional fertilization method is compound fertilizer (45%, N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) and the application amount is 40kg / acre, the seedling stage topdressing is urea (46%) 10.8kg / acre, and the bud stage topdressing is urea (46%) 8.8kg / acre.

[0124] Technical effects:

[0125] Figure 1 The photos of the growth conditions of the oilseed rape planted by the oilseed rape planting methods in example 1 (b) and comparative example 1 (a) can be seen, and it can be seen that the oilseed rape planted by using the special fertilizer in example 1 grows luxuriantly and has good growth.

[0126] The field fertilization test effect of Huayouza No. 9 in Shaiyang County is shown in Table 5:

[0127] Table 5

[0128]

[0129] It can be seen from the table that the rape quality and yield analysis shows that, compared with the treatment of Comparative Example 1, the number of single plant racemes of the rape treated in Example 1 is increased by 5.81%, the yield and oil content are increased by 9.35% and 9.87% respectively, and the glucosinolate and erucic acid are decreased by 5.93% and 2.39% respectively.

[0130] The changes of the components and bulk density of the soil are shown in Table 6.

[0131] Table 6

[0132]

[0133] It can be seen from Table 6 that the analysis of the soil fertility indexes shows that the organic carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are increased by 36.19%, 33.71%, 33.05% and 2.68% respectively, and the soil bulk density is decreased by 11.95%.

[0134] The above merely describes the preferred specific embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for formulating a special fertilizer for winter rape based on nutrient supply and demand balance, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: (1) Statistically analyze the experimental data on rapeseed fertilizer efficiency, fit the nutrient absorption of the aboveground parts of rapeseed under different yields, and obtain the nutrient absorption of N, P and K in the aboveground parts of rapeseed. Based on the 25% relative yield of the N, P and K nutrients required by rapeseed, th , median and 75 th The corresponding relative yield value RY determines the basic soil fertility level, and then the initial ratio of N, P and K nutrients is calculated and determined according to the principle of balanced fertilization. (2) According to the initial proportion of N, P and K nutrients provided by the rapeseed growth period fertilizer obtained in step (1), adjust the N, P and K nutrient proportion in the rapeseed growth period according to the fertilizer utilization rate and fertilization measures, and obtain the corrected N, P and K nutrient proportion of the fertilizer; (3) Combine the corrected N, P and K nutrient proportion of the fertilizer obtained in step (2), and according to the light and simple high-efficiency planting principle of rapeseed, combine the field nitrogen fertilizer operation test results to determine the best proportion of rapeseed N fertilizer base application, seedling stage topdressing and bud stage topdressing, P fertilizer and K fertilizer are all base applied, and obtain the special compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed; In the step (3), under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the special compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 17-13-15; Under the condition of medium fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the special compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 19-12-14; Under the condition of high fertility of cultivated land, the nutrient content of N-P-K in the special compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is 21-12-12.

2. The method for formulating a special fertilizer for winter rape based on nutrient supply and demand balance according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N, P and K nutrient absorption amount of the aboveground part of rapeseed in step (1) is: under the condition that the average yield of rapeseed per hectare is 2.7-3.0 t, the N, P and K nutrient absorption amount of the aboveground part of rapeseed is 117.5-130.5 kg, 29.7-33.0 kg and 120.4-133.8 kg respectively.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The calculation formula of the supply-demand balanced fertilization principle in step (1) is: The amount of fertilizer to be applied = aboveground nutrient absorption amount * (1-RY).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The light and simple high-efficiency planting principle of rapeseed in step (3) is: reducing labor cost and optimizing planting process, simplifying fertilization times.

5. The method for formulating special fertilizer for winter rape based on nutrient supply-demand balance according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further comprises the following steps: (4) According to the yield of rapeseed, add organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and adjust the addition proportion of organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and special compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method is characterized by, The N element proportion of the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer and the special compound fertilizer for winter rapeseed is (2-3):(7-8).

7. The winter rape special fertilizer prepared by the method of claim 1-6, characterized in that, It comprises a compound fertilizer and an organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer; The compound fertilizer comprises N fertilizer, P fertilizer, K fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor and medium and trace elements; The N fertilizer comprises urea; the P fertilizer comprises monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate; the K fertilizer comprises potassium sulfate or potassium chloride; The medium and trace elements comprise zinc sulfate and / or borax; The organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer comprises a nitrogen source, a carbon source, an active substance and an insect control agent; The nitrogen source comprises one or more of soybean meal and chicken manure; The carbon source comprises one or more of rice husk powder, wheat bran, straw and mushroom residue; The active substance comprises 2-3wt% of fulvic acid, and further comprises one or more of yeast metabolites, citric acid and aspartic acid; The insect control agent is an agent for controlling rice stem borers, which comprises chlorantraniliprole and / or abamectin.

8. The fertilization method of the winter rape special-purpose fertilizer according to Claim 7, characterized by, It comprises base application and topdressing; The base application comprises the following steps: the compound fertilizer and the organic nitrogen substitute fertilizer are fully mixed, and the fertilizer is applied after ditching, and the application depth is 5-7 cm; The topdressing comprises the following steps: according to the total nutrient required by rapeseed minus the nutrient of base fertilizer, the nutrient required for topdressing is obtained, and then the amount of humic acid urea is converted, and the humic acid urea is applied.

9. The method of applying a fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein, Under the condition of low fertility of cultivated land, the compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for winter rape is 34 kg per mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen replacement fertilizer is 72 kg per mu; Under the condition of medium fertility of cultivated land, the compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for winter rape is 28 kg per mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen replacement fertilizer is 90 kg per mu; Under the condition of high fertility of cultivated land, the compound fertilizer of the special fertilizer for winter rape is 24 kg per mu, and the amount of organic nitrogen replacement fertilizer is 108 kg per mu.

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