Air lubricated low resistance potato harvesting apparatus and method of reducing resistance

Abstract

The application relates to a low-resistance potato harvesting device with air lubrication and a resistance reduction method, which comprises a rack and a digging shovel installed at the front end of the rack, a plurality of left-right arranged grooves and a plurality of front-rear arranged wedge-shaped channels are formed on the earth-facing surface of the digging shovel, the grooves extend front-rear, and the wedge-shaped channels extend left-right; the air flow reversing device is further provided with jet ports located in the grooves and facing the two ends of the grooves; and a high-pressure gas supply system for providing high-pressure gas to the jet ports. When the device is running, the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to complete the soil cutting and digging work, the high-pressure air film formed on the earth-facing surface of the digging shovel pushes the soil away from the earth-facing surface of the digging shovel, reduces the contact area between the soil and the earth-facing surface of the digging shovel, reduces the friction resistance, reduces the wear of the digging shovel, realizes the resistance reduction of potato harvesting and digging, and can realize low-resistance potato harvesting, reduce energy consumption, reduce the wear of the digging shovel and prolong the service life.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to the field of potato harvesting machinery, and more particularly to a low-resistance potato harvesting device with air lubrication and a method for reducing resistance. BACKGROUND

[0002] Current potato harvesting devices use digging shovels to dig potatoes out of the soil and use lifting devices to transport and collect the dug potatoes. The digging shovel is the soil-contacting component of the potato harvesting device. The existing digging shovels are installed side by side at the front end of the potato harvesting device at an angle of 25 to 35 degrees with the ground, which can smoothly insert into the soil and effectively bring the potatoes out of the soil surface. In order to ensure that the digging shovel can dig potatoes without damaging them, the digging depth of the digging shovel is usually slightly deeper than the planting depth of the potatoes, usually greater than 30 The large digging depth of the digging shovel combined with the huge digging resistance of the soil greatly increases the energy consumption of potato harvesting, aggravates the wear of the digging shovel, increases the production cost of potatoes, and causes low efficiency of the potato industry. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a low-resistance potato harvesting device with air lubrication and a method for reducing resistance to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Without changing the structure of the existing potato harvesting device, the device can reduce the resistance during the potato harvesting process, reduce the energy consumption of the harvesting operation, slow down the wear of the digging shovel, and reduce the harvesting cost.

[0004] The present application is achieved by the following technical scheme. A low-resistance potato harvesting device with air lubrication is provided, which includes a frame and a digging shovel installed at the front end of the frame. The front of the digging shovel is provided with a plurality of left and right arranged grooves and a plurality of front and rear arranged wedge-shaped channels. The grooves extend front and rear, and the wedge-shaped channels extend left and right.

[0005] The device also includes an airflow reversing device provided with a jet port located in the groove and facing both ends of the groove.

[0006] The device also includes a high-pressure gas supply system for providing high-pressure gas to the jet port.

[0007] In the present application, the high-pressure gas is sprayed out of the jet port in the groove. The surface of the groove is designed with a wedge-shaped channel, and the high-pressure gas generates a wedge effect at the wedge-shaped channel, increasing the gas pressure. The high-pressure gas diffuses to form a high-pressure gas film on the digging shovel surface, which pushes the soil away from the digging shovel surface, reduces the contact area between the soil and the digging shovel surface, and thus reduces the friction resistance, reduces the wear of the digging shovel, realizes the resistance reduction of potato harvesting, and prolongs the service life of the machine.

[0008] As optimization, the airflow reversing device comprises a multi-hole nozzle fixed on the back of the digging shovel, and a plurality of throttle nozzles fixed in the plurality of grooves respectively, the multi-hole nozzle is provided with an air inlet communicated with the high-pressure gas supply system, the throttle nozzles are communicated with the multi-hole nozzle through through holes on the digging shovel, and the throttle nozzles are provided with air outlets facing two ends of the grooves. In the scheme, high-pressure gas is transmitted to the plurality of throttle nozzles through the multi-hole nozzle, and the throttle nozzles are arranged in the grooves, so that the resistance to the soil is reduced.

[0009] As optimization, the throttle nozzle is attached to the bottom surface of the groove, and the end of the throttle nozzle away from the digging shovel is a plane. Thus, the gas output is increased while the occupied space is reduced.

[0010] As optimization, the width of the wedge-shaped groove gradually decreases from the middle of the groove to the two sides of the groove. Thus, a wedge effect is formed at this position, and the gas pressure is increased.

[0011] As optimization, the high-pressure gas supply system comprises an air compressor, a direct current battery pack, a pressure regulating valve, a flow valve and a gas pipeline. The air compressor generates high-pressure gas as a lubricating and resistance-reducing medium; the direct current battery pack provides a mobile power source for the air compressor to work and continuously supplies power to the air compressor during movement of the potato harvesting device; the pressure regulating valve controls the pressure of the high-pressure gas in the gas circuit; and the flow valve controls the flow of the high-pressure gas in the gas circuit.

[0012] As optimization, the front end of the digging shovel is V-shaped and the lower edge of the front end is sharpened, so as to facilitate insertion of the digging shovel into the soil.

[0013] As optimization, the distance between adjacent grooves is 25 , a vertical cross section perpendicular to the front-to-rear direction of the digging shovel is taken, in the cross section, the vertical direction perpendicular to the depth direction of the groove is the axis, the depth direction of the groove is the axis, the positive direction of the axis points to the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel, the lowest point of the groove cross-sectional curve is the coordinate origin, a coordinate system is established, the groove cross-sectional curve is symmetrical about the axis, and the expression of the groove cross-sectional curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] is an exponential function and power function composite curve, is a circular arc curve, the curve constitutes the lower half of the groove cross-sectional curve, the curve constitutes the upper half of the groove cross-sectional curve, the curve and the curve are symmetrical about the point tangentially.

[0017] adopting and The curve composite design is used as the trench section curve, and high-pressure gas can be uniformly and stably filled in the trench under different types of soil and different flow pressure working conditions.

[0018] As optimization, the spacing of the adjacent wedge-shaped channels is 30-40 , the depth of the wedge-shaped channels is 1-2 , in the plane where the digging shovel meets the soil surface, the direction from the front end to the rear end of the digging shovel is the axis, the direction perpendicular to the axis is the axis, the highest point of the trench section curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is projected on the plane where the digging shovel meets the soil surface to form the coordinate origin, a coordinate system is established, and the projection curve expression of each wedge-shaped channel on the plane where the digging shovel meets the soil surface is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] .

[0021] adopting and curves as the wedge-shaped channel curve design, the high-pressure gas sprayed from the throttle nozzle can further enhance the wedge effect effect in the wedge-shaped channel under different types of soil and different flow pressure working conditions, a more stable and reliable high-pressure gas film can be generated on the digging shovel surface under different digging conditions, the contact between the soil and the digging shovel surface is isolated, the frictional resistance is reduced, the harvesting resistance is reduced, the digging shovel wear is delayed, and the service life is improved.

[0022] A potato harvesting resistance reduction method utilizes the above-mentioned gas lubrication low-resistance potato harvesting device, and includes the following steps:

[0023] a. High-pressure gas is generated by opening the air compressor, the gas pressure is adjusted to the expected value by adjusting the pressure regulating valve, and after the gas pressure value is stable, the gas flow is adjusted to the expected value by adjusting the flow valve;

[0024] b. The digging shovel front surface is designed with a trench, the high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor is sprayed in the trench, the trench surface is designed with wedge-shaped channels, the wedge-shaped effect is generated at the wedge-shaped channels, the gas pressure is increased, and the high-pressure gas diffuses to the digging shovel front surface to form a layer of high-pressure gas film;

[0025] c, the potato harvesting device advances, the digging shovel inserts into the soil to complete the soil cutting and digging operation, the potato harvesting is carried out, and the high-pressure air film pushes the soil away from the front of the digging shovel during the advancing of the potato harvesting device, so that the contact area of the soil and the front of the digging shovel is reduced, the frictional resistance is reduced, the wear of the digging shovel is reduced, and the resistance reduction of the potato harvesting is realized.

[0026] The potato harvesting device and the resistance reduction method have the following beneficial effects: the potato harvesting device advances, the digging shovel inserts into the soil to complete the soil cutting and digging operation, the high-pressure air film formed on the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel pushes the soil away from the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel, the contact area of the soil and the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel is reduced, the frictional resistance is reduced, the wear of the digging shovel is reduced, the resistance reduction of the potato harvesting and digging is realized, the potato harvesting with low resistance can be realized, the energy consumption is reduced, the wear of the digging shovel is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 is a front view of the digging shovel of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 is a high-pressure gas flow direction diagram of the present application at the throttle nozzle and the multi-hole nozzle;

[0030] Figure 4 is a high-pressure gas flow direction diagram of the front of the digging shovel of the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 is a high-pressure gas flow direction diagram of the intersection position of the groove and the wedge-shaped channel of the front of the digging shovel of the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the throttle nozzle of the present application;

[0033] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-hole nozzle of the present application;

[0034] Figure 8 is a groove cross-sectional curve diagram of the digging shovel of the present application;

[0035] Figure 9 is a wedge-shaped channel projection curve diagram of the digging shovel of the present application;

[0036] Figure 10 is a gas path diagram of the high-pressure gas supply system of the present application;

[0037] The drawings show:

[0038] 1, frame, 2, DC battery pack, 3, air compressor, 4, pressure regulating valve, 5, flow valve, 6, potato harvesting device, 7, excavating shovel, 8, throttling nozzle, 9, multi-hole nozzle, 10, groove, 11, wedge-shaped channel, 12, through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present application, the present application will be described below through specific embodiments.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1-10 , a low-resistance potato harvesting device of air lubrication, comprising a frame 1 and an excavating shovel 7 installed at the front end of the frame 1, the frame 1 realizes the arrangement and installation of the remaining components, further comprising an air flow reversing device and a high-pressure gas supply system.

[0041] The excavating shovel 7 is fixed at the front end of the frame 1, and is provided with a plurality of left and right parallel arrangements, the excavating shovel 7 is a planar plate structure, which is inclined front and back and the front end is lower than the rear end, so as to facilitate insertion into the soil, the front of the excavating shovel 7 is also called the soil-facing surface. As shown in Figure 4 , the front end of the excavating shovel 7 is V-shaped and the lower edge of the front end is sharpened.

[0042] The high-pressure gas supply system comprises an air compressor, a DC battery pack, a pressure regulating valve, a flow valve and a gas pipeline, the air compressor 3 generates high-pressure gas, the pressure regulating valve 4 and the flow valve 5 adjust the gas pressure and flow to the desired value, so as to provide high-pressure gas with different pressure and flow. As shown in Figure 10 , the air compressor is provided with a gas storage tank, a cooler and a filter.

[0043] The excavating shovel 7 has a plurality of left and right arranged grooves 10 and a plurality of front and back arranged wedge-shaped channels 11 on the front surface, the grooves 10 extend front and back, and the wedge-shaped channels 11 extend left and right. As shown in Figure 2 , the cross section of each length position of the groove 10 is equal, and the width of the wedge-shaped channel 11 gradually decreases from the middle of the groove 10 to both sides of the groove 10.

[0044] The air flow reversing device is provided with a gas nozzle located in the groove 10 and facing both ends of the groove 10; the air flow reversing device comprises a multi-hole nozzle 9 fixed on the back of the excavating shovel 7 and a plurality of throttling nozzles 8 respectively fixed in a plurality of grooves 10, the multi-hole nozzle 9 is provided with an air inlet communicated with the high-pressure gas supply system. In this embodiment, the multi-hole nozzle 9 is a long rectangular cavity structure, and the air inlet is arranged at one end of the multi-hole nozzle 9.

[0045] The throttle nozzle 8 is aligned with the bottom surface of the groove 10, and the end of the throttle nozzle 8 facing away from the excavating shovel 7 is flat. The throttle nozzle 8 has jet ports facing both ends of the groove 10. This redirects the high-pressure gas flow, allowing it to be ejected along the groove. The throttle nozzle is designed with a "flow diversion" function and is installed in the groove through-hole with an interference fit. This redirects the high-pressure gas flow and ensures that the high-pressure gas fills the groove.

[0046] In this embodiment, the throttle nozzle 8 communicates with the porous nozzle 9 via a through-hole 12 in the digging shovel 7. The porous nozzle 9 has multiple air outlets corresponding to the throttle nozzle 8, which pass through the through-hole 12 in the digging shovel 7. High-pressure gas ejected from the throttle nozzle 8 flows in the groove, creating a wedge-shaped effect as it flows through the wedge-shaped channel. The air pressure gradually increases as the width of the wedge-shaped channel decreases, and then spreads to form a high-pressure air film on the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel 7, pushing the soil away from the soil-facing surface of the digging shovel 7.

[0047] In this technical solution, high-pressure gas is used as a lubricating and drag-reducing medium. This air is widely available and relatively inexpensive. Furthermore, its properties are stable and will not affect soil properties. Grooves are designed on the soil-facing surface of the shovel 7, through which high-pressure gas flows. This creates a high-pressure air film on the soil-facing surface of the shovel 7, pushing the soil away from the soil-facing surface. This reduces the contact area between the soil and the shovel, thereby lowering digging resistance, reducing energy consumption, slowing shovel surface wear, and ultimately reducing potato harvesting costs.

[0048] In this embodiment, six grooves 10 are provided, and the spacing between adjacent grooves 10 is 25 , make a cross section perpendicular to the front and rear direction of the excavator shovel. In the cross section, perpendicular to the depth direction of the trench is Axis, groove depth direction is axis, The positive direction of the axis points to the soil surface facing the excavator shovel. The lowest point of the groove cross-section curve is the coordinate origin. The coordinate system is established. The groove cross-section curve is about Axisymmetric, the expression of the groove cross-section curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] like Figure 8 As shown, is a composite curve of exponential function and power function, is a circular arc curve, The curve forms the lower half of the groove cross-section curve. The curve constitutes the upper half of the groove cross-section curve. Curve and Curve at point The tangent point is adopted. and The curve composite design is used as the trench section curve, and high-pressure gas can be uniformly and stably filled in the trench under different types of soil and different flow pressure working conditions.

[0052] In the embodiment, five wedge-shaped channels 11 are arranged, the distance between adjacent wedge-shaped channels is 30-40 , the depth of the wedge-shaped channel is 1-2 , in the plane where the digging shovel meets the soil surface, the direction from the front end to the rear end of the digging shovel is the axis, the direction perpendicular to the axis is the axis, the highest point of the trench section curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is projected on the plane where the digging shovel meets the soil surface to obtain the coordinate origin, and a coordinate system is established, and the projection curve expression of each trench surface wedge-shaped channel in the plane where the digging shovel meets the soil surface is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] .

[0055] As shown in Figure 9 , the and curves are used as the wedge-shaped channel curve design, the high-pressure gas sprayed from the throttle nozzle can further enhance the wedge effect effect in the wedge-shaped channel under different types of soil and different flow pressure working conditions, and a more stable and reliable high-pressure gas film can be generated on the digging shovel surface under different digging conditions, the soil and the digging shovel surface are isolated, the frictional resistance is reduced, the harvesting resistance is reduced, and the service life of the digging shovel is prolonged.

[0056] A potato harvesting resistance reduction method uses the above-mentioned gas lubrication low-resistance potato harvesting device, and includes the following steps:

[0057] a. High-pressure gas is generated by opening the air compressor, the gas pressure is adjusted to the expected value by adjusting the pressure regulating valve, and after the gas pressure value is stable, the gas flow is adjusted to the expected value by adjusting the flow valve;

[0058] b. The front surface of the digging shovel is designed with a trench, high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor is sprayed in the trench, the trench surface is designed with a wedge-shaped channel, the wedge-shaped effect is generated at the wedge-shaped channel, the gas pressure is increased, and the high-pressure gas diffuses to the front surface of the digging shovel to form a layer of high-pressure gas film;

[0059] c. The potato harvesting device advances, the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to complete the soil cutting and digging operation, and the potato harvesting is performed. During the advancing of the potato harvesting device, the high-pressure air film pushes the soil away from the front of the digging shovel, reduces the contact area of the soil with the front of the digging shovel, thereby reducing the friction resistance and the wear of the digging shovel, realizes the drag reduction of the potato harvesting, and prolongs the service life of the tool.

[0060] Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the technical features not described in the application can be realized by or using the prior art, which will not be described here. The above examples and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the application and are not a limitation on the application. The application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art should understand that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the application do not deviate from the purpose of the application, and should also belong to the protection scope of the claims of the application.

Claims

1. An air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvesting device, comprising a frame (1) and a digging shovel (7) mounted at the front end of the frame (1), characterized in that: The front of the excavating shovel (7) is provided with a plurality of grooves (10) arranged left and right and a plurality of wedge-shaped grooves (11) arranged front and back, the grooves (10) extending front and back, and the wedge-shaped grooves (11) extending left and right; It also includes an airflow reversing device, wherein the airflow reversing device is provided with air jets located in the groove (10) and facing both ends of the groove (10); Also included is a high-pressure gas supply system for providing high-pressure gas to the jet port; The airflow reversing device includes a porous nozzle (9) fixed to the back of the excavating shovel (7) and a plurality of throttling nozzles (8) respectively fixed in a plurality of grooves (10), the porous nozzle (9) is provided with an air inlet connected to the high-pressure air supply system, the throttling nozzle (8) is connected to the porous nozzle (9) through a through hole (12) on the excavating shovel (7), and the throttling nozzle (8) is provided with an air jet toward both ends of the groove (10); The throttling nozzle (8) is in contact with the bottom surface of the groove (10), and the end of the throttling nozzle (8) away from the digging shovel (7) is a flat surface; The width of the wedge-shaped groove (11) gradually decreases from the middle of the groove (10) toward both sides of the groove (10).

2. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure gas supply system includes an air compressor, a DC battery pack, a pressure regulating valve, a flow valve and a gas pipeline.

3. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the digging shovel (7) is V-shaped and the lower edge of the front end is sharpened.

4. The gas-lubricated low-resistance potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent grooves (10) is 25 , make a cross section perpendicular to the front and rear direction of the excavator shovel. In the cross section, perpendicular to the depth direction of the trench is Axis, groove depth direction is axis, The positive direction of the axis points to the soil surface facing the excavator shovel. The lowest point of the groove cross-section curve is the coordinate origin. The coordinate system is established. The groove cross-section curve is about Axisymmetric, the expression of the groove cross-section curve in the first quadrant of the established coordinate system is: is a composite curve of exponential function and power function, is a circular arc curve, The curve forms the lower half of the groove cross-section curve. The curve constitutes the upper half of the groove cross-section curve. Curve and Curve at point Tangent.

5. The air-lubricated low-resistance potato harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent wedge-shaped channels is 30~40 The depth of the wedge-shaped channel is 1~2 , in the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil, the direction from the front end to the rear end of the excavator shovel is Axis, perpendicular to The direction of the axis is Axis, with the highest point of the groove cross-section curve described in claim 4, the projection point on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil as the coordinate origin, establish a coordinate system, and the projection curve expression of each wedge-shaped groove on the plane where the excavator shovel faces the soil is: 。 6. A potato harvesting drag reduction method utilizing the air-lubricated low-drag potato harvesting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps include: a. Turn on the air compressor to generate high-pressure gas, adjust the pressure regulating valve to adjust the gas pressure to the expected value, and after the gas pressure stabilizes, adjust the flow valve to adjust the gas flow to the expected value; b. The front of the excavator shovel is designed with grooves. The high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor is ejected in the grooves. The groove surface is designed with wedge-shaped grooves. The high-pressure gas produces a wedge effect in the wedge-shaped grooves, increasing the gas pressure. The high-pressure gas diffuses to the front of the excavator shovel to form a high-pressure gas film. c. The potato harvesting device moves forward, and the digging shovel is inserted into the soil to complete the soil cutting and digging operations and harvest potatoes. During the movement of the potato harvesting device, the high-pressure air film pushes the soil away from the front of the digging shovel, reducing the contact area between the soil and the front of the digging shovel, thereby reducing frictional resistance, alleviating the wear of the digging shovel, and achieving drag reduction for potato harvesting.

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