Corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-rubbing synergistic loss reduction

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-rubbing synergistic loss reduction. The corn bionic combined threshing device comprises a threshing cylinder, a top cover, a threshing concave plate and a bionic threshing element. According to the device, the corn threshing process is divided into three rigid-flexible coupling sections including flexible threshing, rigid-flexible gradual change coupling threshing and rigid threshing, and impact dispersing and rubbing threshing synergistic loss reduction threshing is achieved through bionic threshing elements of different materials and densities on the surface of a threshing roller. The threshing elements are sequentially made of rubber, resin and No.45 steel in the axial direction of the roller, and the number density of the threshing elements is gradually reduced, so that stress on corn kernels is reduced, and the breakage rate is reduced. Wherein the density of the rubber threshing element is large, and the early-stage threshing rate is guaranteed on the premise that threshing damage is reduced. A threshing element adopts a human thumb-thenar muscle variation-imitated arc-shaped surface structure, flexible impact dispersion and rubbing threshing are combined to cooperate with bionic loss reduction, traditional rigid impact is replaced, damage to the corn is further reduced, and the kernel breakage rate is reduced. The device can effectively improve the threshing efficiency and reduce the breakage rate of corn kernels at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-rubbing synergistic loss reduction. Background Art

[0002] Corn is the largest grain crop in my country, but the high moisture content of the grains during the harvest period leads to serious threshing breakage, inducing grain mildew, seriously affecting yield and quality. As the core component of corn grain harvesting, the performance of the threshing device directly determines the low-breakage threshing performance of corn. The threshing device mainly relies on the threshing elements to impact and rub the corn cobs to break the connection between the grains and the core shaft, separate the grains from the core shaft, and complete the threshing operation. However, the current threshing device has a high corn breakage rate, which greatly affects the harvest yield. Therefore, in order to reduce the corn threshing breakage rate, research and improvement of the threshing device is crucial.

[0003] The impact and rubbing loads during the threshing process mainly act on the top, abdomen and sides of the kernels. Among them, when the top of the corn kernel is loaded, the stress-bearing parts are mainly the powdery endosperm, embryo and seed coat. Below the seed coat at the top of the kernel is the powdery endosperm, and the edge is distributed with a very thin layer of horny endosperm. These characteristics weaken the toughness and hardness of the top tissue, resulting in a small load that the top seed coat can withstand, which is prone to threshing and breaking, and rigid impact should be avoided. Relatively speaking, the abdomen and sides have a certain load-bearing capacity and are more suitable for rubbing threshing. Therefore, how to achieve microscopic precision force on different parts of the kernel has become a core issue restricting the improvement of the operation quality of low-loss threshing devices.

[0004] The corn threshing process is nonlinear. The simple linear division method of the front and back stages of the threshing process needs to be improved. The time-varying characteristics of the corn force during the threshing process are not fully considered. The force changes too much and the corn breakage rate is high. At the same time, the existing threshing elements are mainly optimized by impact or kneading alone, such as changing rigid impact to flexible impact or changing impact threshing to kneading threshing. The force on corn kernels is unstable and easily too high, resulting in corn kernel breakage. These factors increase the breakage rate of corn, resulting in a lot of corn waste, seriously affecting yield, and reducing production efficiency and benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the invention is to provide a corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-rubbing synergistic loss reduction.

[0006] Technical solution: A corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-rubbing coordinated loss reduction of the present invention comprises a threshing drum, a top cover, a threshing concave plate and a threshing element; the threshing drum is installed below the top cover and above the threshing concave plate, and the threshing element is installed on the surface of the threshing drum, and they cooperate to form a threshing chamber; the threshing element adopts a human thumb-thenar muscle variant arc surface structure, the top of the threshing element is a bionic thumb structure, and the bottom of the threshing element is a bionic thenar muscle variant arc surface structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the threshing chamber is nonlinearly divided into three sections from the entrance to the rear, namely, flexible threshing, rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing and rigid threshing. The threshing element in the flexible threshing section is made of rubber material, the threshing element in the rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing section is made of resin material, and the threshing element in the rigid threshing section is made of steel. Preferably, the steel is No. 45 steel.

[0008] Furthermore, the density of the threshing elements is gradually reduced from the entrance to the rear of the threshing chamber.

[0009] Further, the flexible threshing section is installed circumferentially threshing elements, wherein D is the diameter of the separation drum, parameter m=80-100, and the circumference is 40-50mm apart and is installed by rotating 30°-40°; in the rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing section, one circumference is reduced by 1-2 threshing elements compared with the flexible threshing section, and the circumference is 40-50mm apart and is installed by rotating 30°-40°; in the rigid threshing section, one circumference is reduced by 1-2 threshing elements compared with the rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing section, and the circumference is 40-50mm apart and is installed by rotating 30°-40°.

[0010] Furthermore, the top of the bionic threshing element is designed to imitate a thumb structure, which is a semicircular structure. The radius r of the semicircle and the height h of the threshing element satisfy h=ar 2 +b is a quadratic nonlinear function relationship.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the bionic threshing element is designed to imitate the arc surface structure of the thenar muscle variant. After topological optimization, it is deduced that the arc length, circular angle, arc radius and height satisfy the relationship:

[0012] Furthermore, the thumb-simulating structure of the threshing element and the thenar muscle-simulating variant arc-shaped surface structure are smoothly connected by a micro-curved arc line.

[0013] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The disengagement process of the present invention is different from the traditional simple linear division. The disengagement process uses three materials, rubber, resin, and No. 45 steel, in sequence along the axial direction of the drum, and divides the processing process into three sections: the front stage, the rigid-flexible transition section, and the rear stage. The rubber resin with relatively low hardness can prevent the corn kernels from being subjected to excessive force and reduce the damage to the corn kernels. The transition zone can effectively prevent the corn kernels from being subjected to excessive force mutations and reduce the corn kernel breakage rate. At the same time, the rubber threshing element in the pre-threshing stage has a higher density, which can also ensure the early threshing rate.

[0014] 2. The threshing element of the corn impact-kneading coordinated loss reduction bionic threshing device claimed in the present invention adopts a human thumb-thenar muscle variant arc surface structure. The bionic thumb on the top first performs flexible impact dispersion on the corn, and then the bionic thenar muscle variant arc surface structure on the side fully rubs and threshes. The combination of flexible impact dispersion and kneading threshing replaces the traditional rigid impact threshing, which reduces the damage to the corn and reduces the breakage rate of corn kernels. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is the internal structure diagram of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a detailed diagram of the internal sections of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bionic threshing element of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a biological structure diagram of the thumb-thenar muscle of the human hand;

[0020] Figure 6 The bionic principle of threshing elements with impact dispersion-kneading threshing and coordinated loss reduction;

[0021] Figure 7 The invention provides a comparison of the principles of a traditional threshing method and a threshing method of the present invention.

[0022] Figure numerals: 1-threshing drum, 101-front end of threshing drum, 102-rear end of threshing drum, 2-top cover, 3-threshing concave plate, 4-bionic threshing element, 401-top of bionic threshing element, 402-bottom of bionic threshing element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] like Figure 1-2As shown, the present invention is a bionic combined threshing device for corn based on impact-rubbing synergistic loss reduction.

[0025] See Figure 1 A corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction is mainly composed of a threshing drum 1, a top cover 2, and a threshing concave plate 3. The top cover 2 is installed above the threshing drum 1, and the threshing concave plate 3 is installed below the threshing drum 1. The top cover 2 and the threshing concave plate 3 are fixedly connected by bolts and nuts.

[0026] See Figure 2 The bionic threshing element in the corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction is welded and installed on the surface of the threshing drum 1. The corn enters the threshing device from the front section 101 of the threshing drum, and then the bionic threshing element 4 on the threshing drum 1 performs impact first and then kneading threshing on the corn, and the kernels fall out of the threshing concave plate 3 and the corn cobs are discharged from the rear end 102 of the threshing drum.

[0027] See also Figure 3 , a corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-rubbing synergistic loss reduction, which divides the threshing process nonlinearly into three sections, the front stage, the rigid-flexible transition section and the post-stage, namely flexible threshing, rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing and rigid threshing. In order to reduce the breakage rate, the threshing element uses rubber material in the pre-threshing stage (flexible threshing), resin material in the rigid-flexible transition section (rigid-flexible gradual coupling), and No. 45 steel in the post-threshing stage (rigid threshing). At the same time, in order to ensure the threshing rate, the installation density of the threshing elements in the three sections gradually decreases from left to right, that is, the pre-threshing stage > rigid-flexible transition section > post-threshing stage. Among them, the pre-threshing stage is installed in a circle (where D is the diameter of the separation roller 1, parameter m = 80-100), the circumference is spaced 40-50 mm apart.

[0028] Rotate 30°~40° to install; the rigid-flexible transition section has 1~2 fewer circles than the pre-threshing stage, and the circles are spaced 40~50mm apart and rotated 30°~40° to install; the pre-threshing stage has 1~2 fewer circles than the pre-threshing stage, and the circles are spaced 40~50mm apart and rotated 30°~40° to install.

[0029] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 According to the theory of optimal design of human tissue structure, the bionic threshing element 4 is designed to imitate the human thumb-thenar muscle variant arc surface structure ( Figure 5 The specific design is as follows: the top 401 of the bionic threshing element is designed to imitate the thumb structure, which is a semicircular structure. After topological optimization, it is deduced that the semicircular radius (r) and the threshing element height (h) satisfy h = ar 2+b quadratic nonlinear function relationship (where a and b are constants); the bottom 402 of the bionic threshing element is designed to imitate the arc surface structure of the thenar muscle variation. After topological optimization, it is deduced that its arc length (l), circular angle (α), arc radius (R) and height (h) satisfy the relationship: (where coefficient k = 0.55-0.6, circumferential angle α = 55°-65°); the thumb-like structure and the thenar muscle variant arc surface structure are smoothly connected by a micro-curved arc. During the threshing process, the bionic thumb structure at the top 401 of the bionic threshing element first impacts and disperses the corn cobs, and then the thenar muscle structure at the bottom 402 of the bionic threshing element rubs and threshes the corn cobs, destroying the connection between the kernels and the mandrel, separating the kernels from the mandrel, and completing the threshing operation.

Claims

1. A corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction, characterized in that: The invention comprises a threshing drum (1), a top cover (2), a threshing concave plate (3) and a threshing element (4); the threshing drum (1) is installed below the top cover (2) and above the threshing concave plate (3); the threshing element (4) is installed on the surface of the threshing drum (1), and they cooperate to form a threshing chamber; the threshing element (4) adopts a human thumb-thenar muscle variant arc surface structure, the top of the threshing element (4) is a bionic thumb structure, and the side arc surface of the threshing element (4) is a bionic thenar muscle variant arc surface structure.

2. The corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The threshing chamber is nonlinearly divided into three sections from the entrance to the rear, namely, flexible threshing, rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing and rigid threshing. The threshing element (4) in the flexible threshing section is made of rubber material, the threshing element (4) in the rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing section is made of resin material, and the threshing element (4) in the rigid threshing section is made of steel.

3. The corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The number density of the threshing elements (4) decreases gradually from the entrance of the threshing chamber to the rear.

4. The corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The flexible threshing section is circumferentially mounted threshing elements (4), wherein D is the diameter of the separation drum (1), parameter m=80-100, and the circumferences are spaced 40-50 mm apart and are installed by rotating 30°-40°; in the rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing section, one circumference is reduced by 1-2 threshing elements (4) compared with the flexible threshing section, and the circumferences are spaced 40-50 mm apart and are installed by rotating 30°-40°; in the rigid threshing section, one circumference is reduced by 1-2 threshing elements (4) compared with the rigid-flexible gradual coupling threshing section, and the circumferences are spaced 40-50 mm apart and are installed by rotating 30°-40°.

5. The corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top (401) of the bionic threshing element is designed to imitate a thumb structure, and is a semicircular structure. The radius r of the semicircle and the height h of the threshing element satisfy h=ar. 2 +b is a quadratic nonlinear function relationship (where a and b are constants).

6. The corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bottom (402) of the bionic threshing element is designed to be a modified arc-shaped surface structure imitating the thenar muscle. After topological optimization, it is deduced that its arc length (l), circumferential angle (α), arc radius (R) and height (h) satisfy the relationship: (where the coefficient k = 0.55~0.6, and the circular angle α = 55°~65°).

7. The corn bionic combined threshing device based on impact-kneading synergistic loss reduction according to any one of claims 1, 5-6, characterized in that: The thumb-simulating structure of the threshing element (4) and the thenar muscle-simulating variant arc-shaped surface structure are smoothly connected by a micro-curved arc line.

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