Preparation method and use of whole insect feed

Abstract

The present invention relates to a whole insect fermented feed and its use, comprising the following steps: (1) cleaning the insect pupa shells and / or insect adult corpses, disinfecting and sterilizing them, and crushing them to obtain insect powder for standby use; (2) cleaning the insect larvae, disinfecting and sterilizing them; (3) adding the insect powder to the cleaned insect larvae, and then adding a solution containing a substance capable of decomposing chitin to decompose chitin; (4) beating the chitin-decomposed material and the solution together to prepare insect pulp; (5) adding probiotics to the insect pulp for fermentation to obtain whole insect fermented feed. The whole insect fermented feed prepared by the present invention can be used to replace complete feed, effectively expand the scope of insect utilization, and improve the use of insect feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a preparation method of a whole insect feed and application thereof, and belongs to the field of insect protein feed. Background Art

[0002] Insects have many advantages, such as a wide variety, short cycle, fast reproduction, easy breeding, and the use of waste for large-scale breeding. They have a high protein content, which can reach 50% to 82% of dry weight. They are a huge biological resource and are considered to be the largest and most potential animal protein source for development and application. The protein content of common insects is 40% to 44% for insect larvae, 47.70% to 64.70% for mealworms, about 60% for silkworm pupae, and 40% to 65% for fly larvae. In addition, the total amount of lysine, methionine and essential amino acids is 2.6, 2.7 and 2.3 times that of fish meal, respectively, and the amino acid quality is close to that of fish meal. In addition, the digestibility and utilization rate of insect amino acids is very high, which can reach 70% to 98.93%, which is close to or exceeds the digestibility of meat and fish, and higher than the digestibility and utilization rate of plant protein. In the application of insect protein feed, people have found that the production cost and application effect of different processing methods are different. Heat treatment will increase the production cost and reduce the content of active substances, while frozen or fresh insects are not conducive to preservation. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of insect protein to convert macromolecules into small molecules such as small peptides and amino acids to facilitate digestion and utilization by aquatic animals is an efficient and innovative product form. Among them, the microorganisms that are widely used in fermented insect protein feed include Bacillus, yeast, lactic acid bacteria, etc. The combined application of these strains can quickly degrade insect protein, and produce organic acids, bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide and other substances during the fermentation process, and have a wide range of antibacterial effects. The production of organic acids can also effectively extend the shelf life of insect protein feed and improve its taste. Based on these characteristics, adding composite microbial strains to ferment insect feed can produce flavor substances such as lactic acid, higher alcohols and esters during the fermentation process, improve the flavor of the feed, and at the same time make it have good appetizing properties. After fermentation, the active substances such as antimicrobial peptides in the insect feed still have high antibacterial activity.

[0003] The current problems with insect fermented feed are: (1) Existing insect feed is used as a protein substitute, generally replacing feed proteins such as fish meal and soybean meal. The amount of insect feed added to the feed is not high, resulting in limited use and a small scope of application.

[0004] (2) Chitosan, also known as chitin, chitin, chitin, shell protein, crab shell, etc., is widely found in the shells of insects. Chitosan and its derivatives have excellent properties such as biofunctionality, biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, edibility, and almost no allergic effects. Therefore, they are widely used in biology, medicine, food, environmental protection and agriculture. In animal husbandry, it is considered to be a new type of livestock and poultry growth promoter, immune enhancer, digestive tract mucosal protector, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, etc.

[0005] Chitosan is not easy to decompose, dissolve, or dissolve in water, ethanol, ether, or diluted acid, but is soluble in acetic acid, diluted alkali, and inorganic acid. It is not easily digested or absorbed by animals. Most of the existing insect feeds are made from insect bodies, but there is little research on the application of insect pupae and adult carcasses in feeds, resulting in a waste of such resources. Summary of the invention

[0006] The invention provides a method for preparing whole insect fermented feed, which solves the problems that the existing insect feed has a small application range and a limited amount of addition in the feed, and the problem that insect pupal shells and adult corpses contain a large amount of chitosan, resulting in the chitosan not being fully utilized.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A method for preparing whole insect fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) cleaning the insect pupae and / or insect adult corpses, disinfecting and sterilizing them, and crushing them to obtain insect powder for later use;

[0010] (2) Clean the insect larvae and disinfect them;

[0011] (3) adding insect powder to the cleaned insect larvae, and then adding a solution containing a substance capable of decomposing chitin to decompose chitin;

[0012] (4) beating the chitin-decomposed material and the solution together to prepare insect pulp;

[0013] (5) Add probiotics to the insect pulp for fermentation to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0014] Furthermore, preferably, the weight ratio of the insect powder to the insect larvae is 1:99 to 1:1.

[0015] Furthermore, preferably: the fermentation includes pre-fermentation and post-fermentation, the pre-fermentation uses yeast, and the post-fermentation uses a mixed bacteria fermentation of Acetobacter, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis.

[0016] Furthermore, preferably, the weight ratio of the Acetobacter, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis is 0.3-0.5:6-7:2.5-3.7.

[0017] Furthermore, preferably: the process conditions of the pre-fermentation are: temperature: 25-35°C, time: 48-72h, inoculation amount: 1-2g yeast powder / kg.

[0018] Furthermore, preferably: the process conditions of the post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35°C, time: 24-36h, inoculation amount: 0.1-0.3g bacterial powder / kg.

[0019] Furthermore, preferably: the disinfection and sterilization method is: soaking in a sterilizing liquid, pasteurization, ultrasonic disinfection or ultraviolet disinfection.

[0020] Furthermore, preferably, the substance capable of decomposing chitin is chitinase or a microorganism capable of decomposing chitin.

[0021] Furthermore, preferably: the substance capable of decomposing chitin is chitinase, and the enzymolysis conditions are: adding sterile water to completely immerse the insect powder and larvae, the addition amount of chitinase is 0.1-0.5g / kg, the temperature is 30-40°C, and the enzymolysis is 5-8h.

[0022] The insect complete feed substitute prepared by the invention is used in preparing complete compound feed.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0024] The present invention cleans insect pupae and / or insect adult corpses, disinfects and sterilizes them, crushes them, and pulps them together with fresh insects, then uses chitinase to hydrolyze them, and then ferments them with composite bacteria. The prepared whole insect fermented feed can be used to replace complete feed, effectively expands the utilization range of insects, and improves the purpose of insects.

[0025] The whole insect fermented feed of the present invention is a composite of black soldier fly adult corpses and black soldier fly larvae, and then subjected to chitinase enzymolysis and composite fermentation treatment, which can effectively solve the problem that single black soldier fly larvae are nutritionally incomplete and cannot replace complete feed, and the problem that black soldier fly adults and larvae contain chitin and other factors that inhibit broiler production and development, and effectively improve the growth and development of broilers and the development of immune organs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 The total weekly increment result graph for a 10% replacement ratio;

[0028] Figure 2 The total weekly increment result graph for a replacement ratio of 15%;

[0029] Figure 3 The total weekly increment results for a 20% replacement ratio. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] A method for preparing whole insect fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0032] (1) cleaning the insect pupae and / or insect adult corpses, disinfecting and sterilizing them, and crushing them to obtain insect powder for later use;

[0033] The insects in the present invention can be selected from insects with breeding value such as barley worms, maggots, black soldier flies, etc. According to the actual animals fed and the addition ratio, insect pupae or insect adult corpses can be selected as raw materials, or they can be crushed together. There is no strict requirement for the ratio of mixing them together, and a suitable ratio can be selected according to the actual situation. The adult insect corpse generally refers to the adult corpse after laying eggs, which belongs to the waste in the breeding process. Of course, adult insects can also be used. If more chitosan is needed in the raw material, more insect pupae are selected. If less chitosan is needed and the nutrients are higher, more adult corpses are selected. Conventional sterilization methods can be selected for sterilization, such as: soaking in sterilizing liquid, pasteurization, ultrasonic disinfection or ultraviolet disinfection. Of course, high-temperature sterilization can also be selected, such as 120°C, 20-30min.

[0034] (2) Clean the insect larvae and disinfect them;

[0035] For insect larvae, fresh larvae are generally selected. The mature larvae are first starved for a few days to empty the dirt in their bodies, and then disinfected and sterilized. Conventional sterilization methods can be selected for sterilization, such as: soaking in sterilizing liquid, pasteurization, ultrasonic disinfection or ultraviolet disinfection. Generally, mild sterilization methods are selected for larval water to avoid destroying its beneficial components. Of course, high temperature sterilization can also be selected, such as 120℃, 20-30min.

[0036] (3) adding insect powder to the cleaned insect larvae, and then adding a solution containing a substance capable of decomposing chitin to decompose chitin;

[0037] The weight ratio of insect powder to insect larvae is 1:99 to 1:1, which can be set according to actual needs, such as 1:99, 1:20, 1:10, 1:1, etc. Beneficial substances can be added to the fermentation materials according to actual conditions to supplement the fermentation raw materials and make the fermentation smoother, such as adding soybean meal, wheat bran, etc.

[0038] This step is mainly to decompose the chitin in the insect body in the mixture, generally using chitinase or chitinase. Of course, microorganisms that can produce chitinase or chitinase can also be used for treatment. As for the amount of water added. Generally, water is added to soak the material, so that there is no need for a large amount of water in the subsequent process, resulting in a high water content in the material. It is necessary to filter and remove water in the subsequent process. Generally, the volume ratio of the material to water after pulping is 0.1-1:1.

[0039] (4) beating the chitin-decomposed material and the solution together to prepare insect pulp;

[0040] (5) Add probiotics to the insect pulp for fermentation to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0041] The main purpose of the fermentation of the present invention is to transform the raw materials of insects through fermentation to make them more suitable for animal breeding. The fermentation process can adopt the traditional method of mixing probiotics together and fermenting them as a whole. The fermentation method of the present invention can also be adopted: the fermentation includes pre-fermentation and post-fermentation, the pre-fermentation adopts yeast, and the post-fermentation adopts mixed bacteria fermentation of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis.

[0042] Pre-fermentation: Yeast can secrete some enzymes during the fermentation process to decompose the precursors of chitin, providing a more accessible substrate for subsequent microbial degradation. The organic acids (such as lactic acid and acetic acid) produced by yeast metabolism can reduce the pH value of the fermentation environment, creating suitable conditions for the growth of Acetobacter and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Yeast will release some nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins during the fermentation process to promote the growth and activity of post-fermentation bacteria.

[0043] Post-fermentation:

[0044] The role of Acetobacter: Acetobacter can convert ethanol into acetic acid, further reducing the pH value of the fermentation system, inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, and providing a suitable environment for Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis. Acetobacter may secrete some auxiliary enzymes, synergistically with yeast and Lactobacillus bulgaricus to promote the degradation of chitin.

[0045] Effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus: Lactobacillus bulgaricus can secrete chitinase, which can directly degrade chitin and convert it into low molecular weight chitosan oligosaccharides or glucosamine, thus improving the utilization rate of chitin. Lactate produced by the metabolism of Lactobacillus bulgaricus can further reduce the pH value, enhance the activity of chitinase, and inhibit the growth of bacteria.

[0046] Effect of Bacillus licheniformis: Bacillus licheniformis can secrete a variety of enzymes such as chitinase and protease to synergistically degrade chitin and protein, thereby improving the overall utilization rate of insect plasma protein. The metabolic activity of Bacillus licheniformis can release more nutrients such as amino acids and peptides, providing nutrients needed for the growth of other microorganisms.

[0047] The combined action of yeast and acetobacter gradually lowers the pH value of the fermentation system, providing a suitable growth environment for Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis. The enzymes secreted by different strains (such as chitinase and protease) can degrade chitin and protein more efficiently under the synergistic effect. The organic acids, amino acids and other substances produced by the metabolism of each strain complement each other, forming a nutritional cycle and promoting the overall activity of the bacterial community. Through the synergistic action of multiple strains, the degradation rate of chitin is significantly improved and converted into usable low-molecular-weight substances. The degradation of chitin not only improves its utilization rate, but also releases more amino acids and peptides, thereby enhancing the overall nutritional value of insect pulp protein.

[0048] The synergistic effect of the pre-fermentation bacteria (yeast) and post-fermentation bacteria (Acetobacter, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis) can significantly improve the utilization rate of chitin in the plasma protein of black soldier flies. Yeast provides a suitable environment and nutrition for the subsequent bacterial flora, Acetobacter further acidifies the environment, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis directly degrade chitin and release nutrients. This multi-strain synergistic fermentation model provides a new idea for the efficient utilization of the plasma protein of black soldier flies.

[0049] The addition amount of Acetobacter, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis can be selected according to different materials. Generally speaking, the weight ratio is: 0.3-0.5:6-7:2.5-3.7, which is more appropriate.

[0050] The process conditions of the pre-fermentation are: temperature: 25-35℃, time: 48-72h, inoculation amount: 1-2g yeast powder / kg.

[0051] The process conditions of post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35°C, time: 24-72h, inoculation amount: 0.1-0.3g bacterial powder / kg.

[0052] The raw materials of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0053] The insect larvae were black soldier fly larvae cultured in chicken manure for 10 days, and the insect adult carcasses were black soldier fly adult carcasses, provided by Zhengzhou Yaoan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

[0054] Chitinase: enzyme activity: 200u / g, yeast powder: yeast content 2×10 11 cfu / g; acetic acid bacteria content in Acetobacter powder 1.5×10 11 cfu / g; Lactobacillus bulgaricus content in Lactobacillus bulgaricus powder: 1×10 11 cfu / g; Bacillus licheniformis powder: Bacillus licheniformis content: 2×10 11 cfu / g. The remaining raw materials can meet the requirements of compound feed raw materials, without special requirements.

[0055] The whole insect fermented feed prepared by the present invention can be used to replace complete feed, such as pig feed, poultry feed, ruminant feed, aquatic feed and other feeds, and is not limited to the broiler feed described in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A method for preparing whole insect fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0058] (1) Clean the adult black soldier fly corpses, sterilize and crush them to obtain insect powder for later use. Disinfect the body surface at 120°C for 20 min.

[0059] (2) Starve 10-day-old black soldier fly larvae for 1-3 days to make them excrete in feces, then clean them and disinfect them. The surface of the larvae is disinfected by using a bus: 90°C, keep warm for 15 seconds;

[0060] (3) adding insect powder to the cleaned insect larvae, and then adding a solution containing a substance capable of decomposing chitin to decompose chitin, wherein the weight ratio of insect powder to insect larvae is 1:9, and the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: adding sterile water to completely soak the insect powder and larvae, wherein the volume ratio of the pulped material to water is 0.1:1, and the chitinase is added at a ratio of 0.1 g / kg, and then enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at 35° C. for 8 hours;

[0061] (4) beating the chitin-decomposed material and the solution together to prepare insect pulp;

[0062] (5) Add probiotics to the insect pulp for fermentation to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0063] The fermentation includes pre-fermentation and post-fermentation. The pre-fermentation uses yeast. The process conditions of the pre-fermentation are as follows: temperature: 25-30°C, time: 72h, inoculation amount: 1g yeast powder / kg;

[0064] The post-fermentation adopts mixed bacteria fermentation of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis; the weight ratio of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis is: 0.3:6:3.7, and the process conditions of the post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35℃, time: 36h, inoculation amount: 0.2g bacterial powder / kg.

[0065] The fermented materials are sealed in sterile bags to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] The method is basically the same as Example 1, except that: in this example, only enzymatic hydrolysis is performed without subsequent fermentation process.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] The invention is basically the same as Example 1, except that: the steps of fermentation with probiotics in this embodiment are different, specifically: yeast inoculation amount: 1g yeast powder / kg, mixed bacteria inoculation amount: 0.2g bacterial powder / kg, the weight ratio of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis in the mixed bacteria is 6:4, and the process conditions of the post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35°C, time: 108h.

[0070] Comparative Example 3

[0071] The invention is basically the same as Example 1, except that: the steps of fermentation with probiotics in this embodiment are different, specifically: yeast inoculation amount: 1g yeast powder / kg, mixed bacteria inoculation amount: 0.2g bacterial powder / kg, the weight ratio of Acetobacter, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus subtilis in the mixed bacteria is: 0.3:6:3.7, and the process conditions of the post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35°C, time: 108h.

[0072] Comparative Example 4

[0073] The method is basically the same as Example 1, except that: the steps of fermentation with probiotics in this embodiment are different, specifically: yeast inoculation amount: 1g yeast powder / kg, mixed bacteria inoculation amount: 0.2g bacterial powder / kg, the weight ratio of Acetobacter, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Bacillus licheniformis in the mixed bacteria is: 0.3:6:3.7, and the process conditions of the post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35°C, time: 108h.

[0074] The effect test of the whole insect fermented feed prepared by the present invention in replacing the complete feed

[0075] 1. Experimental Animals:

[0076] 17-day-old white broiler chickens, with uniform and similar weight (700 + 50g) white-feathered broilers, 544 chickens, were randomly divided into 17 groups, with 32 chickens in each group.

[0077] 2. Experimental Animal Management

[0078] Before the experiment, the chicken house, chicken cages, drinking water and feeding utensils were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. A three-layer cage model was adopted, with free access to food and water, and 23 hours of light per day. The temperature of the chicken house was controlled by air conditioning and heating lamps, and the temperature was controlled at around 26°C until the end of the experiment. The entire experimental period was 5 weeks.

[0079] 3. The basic feed is a corn-soybean meal type feed, which is formulated in accordance with the national standard of the People's Republic of China "Compound Feed for Laying Hens and Broilers" GB-T5916-2020. The diet composition and nutritional level are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Table 1 Composition of the experimental basal diet

[0081] Diet composition 1-21 21-42 days old 43-63 days old corn / % 60.85 62.65 68.30 Soybean meal / % 28.00 25.30 19.65 Cottonseed protein / % 2.00 2.00 2.00 Corn gluten meal / % 2.00 2.00 2.00 Peanut oil / % 2.70 3.80 4.00 Stone powder / % 1.10 1.10 1.00 Calcium hydrogen phosphate / % 1.60 1.40 1.30 salt / % 0.30 0.30 0.30 Sodium carbonate / % 0.15 0.15 0.15 Lysine / % 0.10 0.10 0.10 Methionine / % 0.10 0.10 0.10 Threonine / % 0.10 0.10 0.10 <![CDATA[Premix 1) / %]]> 1.00 1.00 1.00 total / % 100 100 100

[0082] Note: 1) The premix provides the following per kilogram of feed: Vitamin A, 12000 IU; Vitamin D, 2500 IU; Vitamin E, 20 IU; Vitamin K3, 1.3 mg; Vitamin B1, 2.2 mg; Vitamin B2, 8 mg; Vitamin B3, 40 mg; Calcium pantothenate, 10 mg; Vitamin B6, 4 mg; Biotin, 0.04 mg; Folic acid, 1 mg; Vitamin B12, 0.013 mg; Iron, 80 mg; Copper, 8.0 mg; Manganese, 110 mg; Zinc, 60 mg; Iodine 1.1 mg; Selenium, 0.3 mg.

[0083] The whole insect fermented feed prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and the black soldier fly slurry prepared by mixing black soldier fly adults and 10-year-old black soldier fly larvae in a ratio of 1:9 are used to replace 10%, 15% and 20% of the basic diet respectively. The replacement ratio of the basic diet to the whole insect fermented feed is 1:1.1, which is equivalent to adding 11%, 16.5% and 22% of the whole insect fermented feed or 10-year-old black soldier fly larvae slurry prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 to the basic diet. The water content of the whole insect fermented feed and the 10-year-old black soldier fly larvae slurry prepared by the present invention is adjusted to 70%. The whole insect fermented feed is mixed evenly with the basic diet and then fed. Each group was fed the same weight of feed every week to ensure that the chickens had feed at all times and there was no surplus. The first week: 22.50kg, the second week: 30.00kg, the third week: 38kg, the fourth week: 45kg; the fifth week: 33kg.

[0084] 4. Determination of growth performance indicators of white-feathered broiler chickens

[0085] The experiment lasted for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The chickens were fasted for 12 hours starting at 22:00 the previous night. The total weight of all the experimental chickens was weighed at 10:00 in the morning to calculate the total weight gain per week. Figure 1-3 .

[0086] Depend on Figure 1-3 It can be seen that when the 10% replacement ratio is used to replace the complete feed, there is no obvious difference in the weekly weight gain of the whole insect fermented feed prepared by Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and the black soldier fly worm slurry and the blank control. When the 15% replacement ratio is used to replace the complete feed, the weekly weight gain of the black soldier fly worm slurry and Comparative Examples 1-3 decreases slightly, there is no obvious difference in the weekly weight gain of Comparative Example 4 and the blank control, and the weekly weight gain of Example 1 and the blank control increases; when the 15% replacement ratio is used to replace the complete feed, the weekly weight gain of the black soldier fly worm slurry and Comparative Examples 1-3 decreases significantly, and the weekly weight gain of Comparative Example 4 and the blank control decreases slightly, especially in the fourth and fifth weeks, the weekly weight gain of Example 1 and the blank control increases significantly. It can be seen that the use of the whole insect fermented feed of the present invention not only effectively replaces the complete feed and reduces the feeding cost, but also can effectively promote the growth and development of broilers.

[0087] 5. Determination of slaughter performance indicators of white-feathered broilers

[0088] Fasting for 12 hours began at 22:00 the night before the end of the fifth week of the experiment. At 10:00 in the morning, 5 experimental chickens were randomly selected from each group with a 15% replacement rate and weighed before slaughter. Then the carcass weight, half-eviscerated weight, full-eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, and abdominal fat weight were measured. The carcass rate, half-eviscerated rate, full-eviscerated rate, breast muscle rate, leg muscle rate, and abdominal fat rate were calculated, as shown in Table 2.

[0089] Table 2 Effects of whole insect fermented feed on slaughter performance of white-feathered broilers

[0090] Blank control Black soldier fly paste Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Example 1 Carcass rate / % 93.56±1.12 89.63±0.96a 90.45±1.24 90.89±0.85 91.08±1.36 93.48±0.1.05a 94.69±0.76ab Half-eviscerated rate / % 83.05±0.89 81.05±1.01 81.36±2.08 81.94±2.08 82.07±1.26 83.39±1.82 85.12±1.08b Complete evisceration rate / % 72.68±1.03 70.65±0.79 71.08±1.29 71.68±1.01 72.36±1.67 73.64±2.05 75.23±1.01b Chest muscle rate / % 17.26±0.65 17.16±0.91 17.21±1.89 17.28±2.68 17.26±1.87 18.09±1.06 19.26±0.69a Leg muscle rate / % 20.34±1.01 19.69±1.05 20.05±1.12 20.05±1.12 20.05±1.12 20.05±1.12 21.65±1.15 Abdominal fat rate / % 2.14±0.18 2.25±0.15a 2.28±0.24a 2.31±0.92a 2.30±0.36a 2.32±0.59a 2.36±0.11a

[0091] Note: In the table, data in the same row a and b with different letters on their shoulders indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while data with the same letters on their shoulders or no letters on their shoulders indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0092] It can be seen from Table 2 that, compared with the blank control group, when 15% whole insect fermented feed was used instead of complete feed, the carcass rates of Example 4 and Example 1 were significant, the breast muscle rate of Example 1 was significant, and the abdominal fat rates of the whole insect fermented feed prepared by Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and the black soldier fly slurry were significant; compared with the whole black soldier fly slurry, the carcass rate and the whole carcass rate of Example 1 were significant, and there was no significance in other aspects.

[0093] It can be seen that the whole insect fermented feed of the present invention has an important influence on the slaughter performance of white-feathered broilers.

[0094] 6. Determination of immune organ index:

[0095] The thymus, spleen and bursa of the white-feathered broilers for slaughter performance indicators were separated, the fat attached to the surface was removed and weighed, the weight was recorded and the immune organ index was calculated according to the formula. The specific indicators are shown in Table 3.

[0096] Immune organ index (%) = fresh weight of immune organ (g) / fasting live weight before slaughter (kg) × 100.

[0097] Table 3 Effects of whole insect fermented feed on immune organ indexes of broiler chickens

[0098] Blank control Black soldier fly paste Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Example 1 Thymus / g / kg 2.68±0.26 2.72±0.32a 2.75±0.18a 2.74±0.22a 2.81±0.33a 2.89±0.12ab 2.95±0.24ab Spleen / g / kg 1.75±0.16 1.79±0.12a 1.81±0.11a 1.86±0.08a 1.84±0.13a 1.92±0.19ab 1.97±0.11ab Bursa / g / kg 0.78±0.11 0.79±0.07 0.80±0.14 0.81±0.15 0.81±0.09 0.81±0.10a 0.83±0.09ab

[0099] Note: In the table, data in the same row a and b with different letters on their shoulders indicate significant differences (P<0.05), while data with the same letters on their shoulders or no letters on their shoulders indicate no significant differences (P>0.05).

[0100] As shown in Table 3, compared with the blank control group, the carcass rate of Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is significant when 15% whole insect fermented feed is used instead of complete feed, the breast muscle rate of Example 1 is significant, the thymus and spleen of the whole insect fermented feed prepared by Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-4 and the black soldier fly slurry are significant; the bursa of Fabricius of Example 1 is significant; compared with the whole black soldier fly slurry, the thymus, spleen and bursa of Example 1 are all significant. It can be seen that the whole insect fermented feed of the present invention has a positive effect on the development of immune organs of white-feathered broilers.

[0101] The whole insect fermented feed of the present invention is a composite of black soldier fly adult corpses and black soldier fly larvae, and then subjected to chitinase enzymolysis and composite fermentation treatment, which can effectively solve the problem that single black soldier fly larvae are nutritionally incomplete and cannot replace complete feed, and the problem that black soldier fly adults and larvae contain chitin and other factors that inhibit broiler production and development, and effectively improve the growth and development of broilers and the development of immune organs.

[0102] Example 2

[0103] A method for preparing whole insect fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0104] (1) Clean the black soldier fly pupae, sterilize and crush them to obtain insect powder for later use. Disinfect the body surface at 120° C. for 20 min.

[0105] (2) Starve 10-day-old black soldier fly larvae for 1-3 days to make them excrete in feces, then clean them and disinfect them. The surface of the larvae is disinfected by using a bus: 90°C, keep warm for 15 seconds;

[0106] (3) adding insect powder to the cleaned insect larvae, and then adding a solution containing a substance capable of decomposing chitin to decompose chitin, wherein the weight ratio of insect powder to insect larvae is 1:99, and the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: adding sterile water to completely soak the insect powder and larvae, and the volume ratio of the material after beating to water is 0.1:1, and the chitinase is added at a ratio of 0.2 g / kg, and then enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at a temperature of 30° C. for 5 hours;

[0107] (4) beating the chitin-decomposed material and the solution together to prepare insect pulp;

[0108] (5) Add probiotics to the insect pulp for fermentation to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0109] The fermentation includes pre-fermentation and post-fermentation. The pre-fermentation uses yeast. The process conditions of the pre-fermentation are as follows: temperature: 25-30°C, time: 48h, inoculation amount: 2g yeast powder / kg;

[0110] The post-fermentation adopts mixed bacteria fermentation of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis; the weight ratio of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis is: 0.5:7:2.5, and the process conditions of the post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35℃, time: 24h, inoculation amount: 0.1g bacterial powder / kg.

[0111] The fermented materials are sealed in sterile bags to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0112] Example 3

[0113] A method for preparing whole insect fermented feed comprises the following steps:

[0114] (1) Cleaning the adult black soldier fly corpses and pupal shells, disinfecting and sterilizing them, crushing them to obtain insect powder for later use, and disinfecting the body surface at 120°C for 20 min, with the weight ratio of the adult black soldier fly corpses to the pupal shells being 8:2;

[0115] (2) Starve 10-day-old black soldier fly larvae for 1-3 days to make them excrete in feces, then clean them and disinfect them. The surface of the larvae is disinfected by using a bus: 90°C, keep warm for 15 seconds;

[0116] (3) adding insect powder to the cleaned insect larvae, and then adding a solution containing a substance capable of decomposing chitin to decompose chitin, wherein the weight ratio of insect powder to insect larvae is 1:1, and the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are as follows: adding sterile water to completely soak the insect powder and larvae, generally the volume ratio of the material after beating to water is 0.3:1, the chitinase is added at a ratio of 0.5 g / kg, and then enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at a temperature of 40° C. for 8 hours;

[0117] (4) beating the chitin-decomposed material and the solution together to prepare insect pulp;

[0118] (5) Add probiotics to the insect pulp for fermentation to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0119] The fermentation includes pre-fermentation and post-fermentation. The pre-fermentation uses yeast. The process conditions of the pre-fermentation are as follows: temperature: 25-30°C, time: 60h, inoculation amount: 2g yeast powder / kg;

[0120] The post-fermentation adopts mixed bacteria fermentation of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis; the weight ratio of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis is: 0.4:6:3.6, and the process conditions of the post-fermentation are: temperature: 30-35℃, time: 24h, inoculation amount: 0.3g bacterial powder / kg.

[0121] The fermented materials are sealed in sterile bags to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

[0122] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing whole insect fermented feed, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) cleaning the insect pupae and / or insect adult corpses, disinfecting and sterilizing them, and crushing them to obtain insect powder for later use; (2) Clean the insect larvae and disinfect them; (3) adding insect powder to the cleaned insect larvae, and then adding a solution containing a substance capable of decomposing chitin to decompose chitin; (4) beating the chitin-decomposed material and the solution together to prepare insect pulp; (5) Add probiotics to the insect pulp for fermentation to obtain whole insect fermented feed.

2. The method for preparing whole insect fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the insect powder to the insect larvae is 1:99 to 1:

1.

3. The method for preparing whole insect fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation includes pre-fermentation and post-fermentation. The pre-fermentation uses yeast, and the post-fermentation uses mixed bacteria fermentation of acetic acid bacteria, bulgaricus lactobacillus and licheniformis.

4. The method for preparing whole insect fermented feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the acetic acid bacteria, the bulgaricus lactobacillus and the licheniformis is: 0.3-0.5:6-7:2.5-3.

7.

5. The method for preparing whole insect fermented feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process conditions of the pre-fermentation are as follows: temperature: 25-35°C, time: 48-72h, inoculation amount: 1-2g yeast powder / kg; the process conditions of the post-fermentation are as follows: temperature: 30-35°C, time: 24-36h, inoculation amount: 0.1-0.3g bacterial powder / kg.

6. The method for preparing whole insect fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection and sterilization method is: soaking in a sterilizing liquid, pasteurization, ultrasonic disinfection or ozone disinfection.

7. The method for preparing whole insect fermented feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substance capable of decomposing chitin is chitinase or microorganism capable of decomposing chitin.

8. The method for preparing whole insect fermented feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The substance capable of decomposing chitin is chitinase, and the enzymolysis conditions are as follows: adding sterile water to completely immerse the insect powder and larvae, the addition amount of chitinase is 0.1g-0.5 / kg, the temperature is 30-40°C, and the enzymolysis is performed for 5-8h.

9. Use of the whole insect fermented feed prepared according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in preparing complete compound feed.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The replacement rate of the whole insect fermented feed in the complete compound feed is 1-30%.

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