Compound fermented silage and preparation method thereof

Abstract

A preparation method of the compound fermented silage comprises the following steps: S1, raw material mixing: respectively weighing the soybean meal, the dried turnip, the lactobacillus fermentation liquor, the sorbic acid, the table salt and the crushed straw, and uniformly mixing with other components to obtain a raw material mixture; s2, primary silage fermentation: filling a closed container with the raw material mixture, performing layered compaction and sealing, and then performing primary fermentation to obtain a primary fermentation material; s3, secondary silage fermentation: taking out the primary fermentation material, uniformly stirring a sealing agent and the primary fermentation material to obtain a primary fermentation material mixture, then averagely dividing the primary fermentation material mixture into a plurality of parts, adding the parts into the unfermented crushed straw materials, uniformly mixing, re-filling the mixture into a closed container, and performing layered compaction, sealing and secondary fermentation to obtain the silage. The silage is uniform in fermentation and high in nutritional value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed, and in particular to a composite fermented silage and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Silage is the main form of microbial fermentation treatment of crop straw and is also an effective way to preserve fresh straw for a long time.

[0003] During the ensiling process, it is difficult to mix the fermentation bacteria and straw evenly, and the straw is piled up relatively tightly in the fermentation pit, which limits the activity range of the bacteria and makes them easy to aggregate. Therefore, there will be large differences in the fermentation quality at different locations and in different fermentation pits, making it difficult to achieve uniform fermentation of the straw, resulting in large differences in the nutrient content of the same batch of fermented straw feed. For large-scale ranches, the silage quality and nutritional components at different locations vary too much, making it difficult to meet the needs of formulating cattle and sheep diets in production.

[0004] In the prior art, the preparation method of high-protein and low-fiber corn straw biological nutritional forage disclosed in Chinese patent CN103156059A, the production method of crop straw biological fermentation feed disclosed in Chinese patent CN1139520A, and the preparation method, process and use of high-efficiency straw fermentation micro-storage feed disclosed in Chinese patent CN1140556A, all involve mixing straw raw materials with microbial agents for fermentation, and improving the quality of straw silage under the action of microbial agents. However, there is still a problem of silage fermentation uniformity, and since the microbial agents are unevenly distributed in the silage raw materials, not only does it lead to large differences in fermentation quality uniformity, but also the anaerobic environment cannot be formed locally during the fermentation process. These local locations fail to ferment successfully or produce miscellaneous bacteria. Even if mildew does not occur, it will lead to excessive decomposition of nutrients such as protein and sugar in the straw raw materials, thereby reducing the nutritional value of the silage. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a composite fermented silage and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A composite fermented silage, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0010] S1: Raw material mixing: weigh the following raw material components based on 100 parts by total weight: 1-1.4 parts of soybean meal, 0.6-0.8 parts of dried radish, 0.8-1.2 parts of lactobacillus fermentation liquid, 0.15-0.25 parts of sorbic acid, 0.3-0.5 parts of salt, and the remainder of straw fragments, and mix them evenly with other components to obtain a raw material mixture;

[0011] S2: Primary silage fermentation: Fill the raw material mixture into a sealed container, compact it in layers, seal it, and then perform primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 20 to 35°C for 9 to 11 days to obtain primary fermentation material;

[0012] S3: Secondary silage fermentation: take out the primary fermentation material, mix the sealing agent and the primary fermentation material evenly to obtain a primary fermentation material mixture, the mass ratio of the primary fermentation material to the sealing agent is 2.5-3.5:100, and then divide the primary fermentation material mixture into several portions, add unfermented straw fragments to each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture and mix evenly, the weight ratio of each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture to the unfermented straw fragments is 1:10-20, refill into a sealed container, compact in layers, seal, and perform secondary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 20-35°C, and the fermentation time is 25-35 days, and straw feed is obtained.

[0013] Furthermore, the straw raw material is selected from one or both of corn straw and sorghum straw.

[0014] Furthermore, the number of strains in the lactobacillus fermentation broth is 2 to 5×10 9 cfu / mL, and the lactobacillus fermentation agent used is a mixed agent of plant lactobacillus agent and fermentation lactobacillus agent in a mass ratio of 2-3:1.

[0015] Further, based on 100 parts by total weight, the sealing agent includes the following components: 0.5-1 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, 2-4 parts of antioxidant emulsion, 0.04-0.06 parts of citric acid, and the balance is water, wherein the amount of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is 1-5×10 8 cfu / mL; the sealing agent can form a protective film on the surface of the primary fermentation material.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of the antioxidant emulsion comprises the following steps:

[0017] A1: 8 parts by weight of vegetable oil are weighed as a dissolving base, 2 to 4 parts of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 6 to 8 parts of monoglycerol fatty acid ester are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0018] A2: Heat the mixture in A1 to 60-70°C and stir for 20-40 minutes to obtain a mixed solution;

[0019] A3: By weight, the mixed solution in A2 is cooled to room temperature, 0.2-0.4 parts of ascorbic acid are added, stirred for 30 minutes, and mixed thoroughly, and then 2 parts of vegetable oil are added and stirred evenly to obtain the antioxidant emulsion.

[0020] Furthermore, the length of the straw fragments is 1 to 3 cm.

[0021] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0022] 1. The present invention uses an antioxidant prepared by mixing a surfactant fatty acid sorbitan ester and a fatty acid monoglyceride that can form a film as the main component of the sealing agent, treats the primary fermentation straw, forms a protective film on the surface of the straw, provides an acidic anaerobic environment for the primary fermentation straw, avoids the contact of the straw with oxygen in the early stage of secondary fermentation, reduces the breeding of aerobic harmful bacteria in the straw, and has a good inhibitory effect on microorganisms other than lactobacillus. In addition, Bacillus subtilis in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid is an acidic aerobic bacteria. The straw continuously produces acidic substances in the secondary fermentation, promotes the proliferation and metabolism of Bacillus subtilis, and can decompose the sealing substance, thereby releasing the sealing effect after a period of fermentation, ensuring that the lactobacillus is fermented normally, and the antioxidant emulsion can also consume residual oxygen to further inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.

[0023] 2. The present invention realizes uniform fermentation of straw through the use of secondary fermentation process and sealing agent, so that the nutrient content of the same batch of silage straw feed has high consistency, and also improves the nutrient content of silage straw feed. After the initial fermentation, a large number of fermentation bacteria are attached to the straw, and the primary fermentation straw and unfermented straw fragments are evenly mixed to achieve uniform dispersion of the fermentation bacteria in all straws, thereby achieving the purpose of uniform fermentation of straw. In addition, by treating the primary fermentation straw with the sealing agent, temporary protection of the primary fermentation straw in the early stage of secondary fermentation is achieved, the generation of aerobic harmful bacteria is suppressed, the straw is prevented from being contaminated by other bacteria, and the quality of straw fermentation is improved.

[0024] 3. Sorbitol fatty acid anhydride belongs to nonionic surfactant, which can be used as dispersant in food and cosmetics industry to promote the uniform dispersion of solid particles or liquid in medium, and can also reduce the surface tension of material and promote the combination of material with other materials; fatty acid monoglyceride is also a surfactant with good dispersibility, and is often used as an emulsifier in food industry. The research team of the present invention found that fatty acid sorbitol anhydride and fatty acid monoglyceride can form film-like closed substances on the surface of straw particles after mixing, and these closed substances can be decomposed under the action of Bacillus subtilis, so in the present invention, the mixture of fatty acid sorbitol anhydride and fatty acid monoglyceride is introduced as an antioxidant emulsion, and the primary fermentation straw is closed for antioxidant protection, and the continuous proliferation of Bacillus subtilis can decompose these closed substances, and this time difference is used to provide temporary protection for the primary fermentation straw raw material fragile in the early stage of secondary fermentation. In addition, the mixture of fatty acid sorbitol anhydride and fatty acid monoglyceride introduced can also promote the uniform dispersion of fermentation strains in all straws, and improves the uniformity of fermented silage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The raw materials and components in the following examples and comparative examples were purchased from the market, wherein Bacillus subtilis was purchased from Guangdong Microbiological Strain Collection Center with a collection number of GDMCC 1.372; Lactobacillus plantarum was purchased from Agricultural Microbiological Center of China National Committee for the Preservation of Microbiological Cultures with a collection number of ACCC 19855; and Lactobacillus fermentum was purchased from Henan Wanjia Standard Material Research and Development Center with a product number of BWCC57033.

[0027] Embodiment 1:

[0028] A composite fermented silage, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1: Raw material mixing: weigh the following raw material components based on 100 parts by total weight: 1.2 parts of soybean meal, 0.7 parts of dried radish, 1.0 parts of lactobacillus fermentation liquid, 0.20 parts of sorbic acid, 0.4 parts of salt, and the remainder of straw fragments, the length of which is 1 to 3 cm, and mix them evenly with the other components to obtain a raw material mixture;

[0030] S2: Primary silage fermentation: Fill the raw material mixture into a sealed container, compact it in layers, seal it, and then perform primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of about 30°C for 10 days to obtain primary fermentation material;

[0031] S3: Secondary silage fermentation: Take out the primary fermentation material, mix the sealing agent and the primary fermentation material evenly to obtain a primary fermentation material mixture, the mass ratio of the primary fermentation material to the sealing agent is 3.0:100, and then divide the primary fermentation material mixture into several portions, add unfermented straw fragments to each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture and mix evenly, the weight ratio of each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture to the unfermented straw fragments is 1:15, refill into a sealed container, compact in layers, seal, and perform secondary fermentation. The fermentation temperature is about 30°C, and the fermentation time is 30 days to obtain straw feed.

[0032] The straw raw material is selected from corn straw.

[0033] The number of Lactobacillus species in the fermented liquid is 3×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0034] The preparation method of lactobacillus fermentation broth is as follows: 0.02 parts of lactobacillus fermentation agent are taken out from the refrigerator by weight, inoculated into 1 part of nutrient medium, cultured for 7 hours at a temperature of 30 degrees, and then added into the fermentation broth, which is composed of 1 part of brown sugar, 100 parts of water and 3 parts of potato starch. After fermentation, lactobacillus fermentation broth is obtained.

[0035] The lactobacillus fermentation agent is a mixture of plant lactobacillus agent and fermentation lactobacillus agent in a mass ratio of 2.5:1.

[0036] The sealing agent includes the following components based on 100 parts by total weight: 0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, 3 parts of antioxidant emulsion, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and the balance is water, wherein the amount of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is 3×10 8 cfu / mL.

[0037] The preparation method of the antioxidant emulsion comprises the following steps:

[0038] A1: 8 parts of vegetable oil are weighed as a dissolving matrix, 3 parts of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 7 parts of monoglycerol fatty acid ester are added, and the mixture is mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture;

[0039] A2: Heat the mixture in A1 to 65°C and stir for 30 min to obtain a mixed solution;

[0040] A3: By weight, the mixed solution in A2 was cooled to room temperature, 0.3 parts of ascorbic acid was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and mixed thoroughly, and then 2 parts of vegetable oil were added and stirred evenly to obtain the antioxidant emulsion.

[0041] Embodiment 2:

[0042] A composite fermented silage, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1: Raw material mixing: weigh the following raw material components based on 100 parts by total weight: 1 part soybean meal, 0.6 part dried radish, 0.8 part lactobacillus fermentation liquid, 0.15 part sorbic acid, 0.3 part salt, and the remainder is straw fragments, the length of which is 1 to 3 cm, and mix them evenly with the other components to obtain a raw material mixture;

[0044] S2: Primary silage fermentation: Fill the raw material mixture into a sealed container, compact it in layers, seal it, and then perform primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of about 25°C for 9 days to obtain primary fermentation material;

[0045] S3: Secondary silage fermentation: Take out the primary fermentation material, mix the sealing agent and the primary fermentation material evenly to obtain a primary fermentation material mixture, the mass ratio of the primary fermentation material to the sealing agent is 2.5:100, and then divide the primary fermentation material mixture into several portions, add unfermented straw fragments to each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture and mix evenly, the weight ratio of each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture to the unfermented straw fragments is 1:10, refill into a sealed container, compact in layers, seal, and perform secondary fermentation. The fermentation temperature is about 25°C, and the fermentation time is 25 days to obtain straw feed.

[0046] The straw raw material is selected from corn straw.

[0047] The number of Lactobacillus species in the fermented liquid is 3×10 9 cfu / mL, and the lactobacillus fermentation agent used was a mixed agent of plant lactobacillus agent and fermentation lactobacillus agent in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0048] The sealing agent includes the following components based on 100 parts by total weight: 0.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, 2 parts of antioxidant emulsion, 0.04 parts of citric acid, and the balance is water, wherein the amount of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is 1×10 8 cfu / mL.

[0049] The preparation method of the antioxidant emulsion comprises the following steps:

[0050] A1: 8 parts of vegetable oil are weighed as a dissolving matrix, 2 parts of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 6 parts of monoglycerol fatty acid ester are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0051] A2: Heat the mixture in A1 to 60°C and stir for 20 min to obtain a mixed solution;

[0052] A3: By weight, the mixed solution in A2 was cooled to room temperature, 0.2 parts of ascorbic acid was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and mixed thoroughly, and then 2 parts of vegetable oil were added and stirred evenly to obtain the antioxidant emulsion.

[0053] Embodiment 3:

[0054] A composite fermented silage, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1: Raw material mixing: weigh the following raw material components based on 100 parts by total weight: 1.4 parts of soybean meal, 0.8 parts of dried radish, 1.2 parts of lactobacillus fermentation liquid, 0.25 parts of sorbic acid, 0.5 parts of salt, and the remainder is straw fragments, the length of which is 1 to 3 cm, and mix them evenly with other components to obtain a raw material mixture;

[0056] S2: Primary silage fermentation: Fill the raw material mixture into a sealed container, compact it in layers, seal it, and then perform primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of about 32°C for 11 days to obtain primary fermentation material;

[0057] S3: Secondary silage fermentation: Take out the primary fermentation material, mix the sealing agent and the primary fermentation material evenly to obtain a primary fermentation material mixture, the mass ratio of the primary fermentation material to the sealing agent is 3.5:100, and then divide the primary fermentation material mixture into several portions, add unfermented straw fragments to each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture and mix evenly, the weight ratio of each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture to the unfermented straw fragments is 1:20, refill into a sealed container, compact in layers, seal, and perform secondary fermentation. The fermentation temperature is about 35°C, and the fermentation time is 35 days to obtain straw feed.

[0058] The straw raw material is selected from corn straw.

[0059] The number of Lactobacillus species in the fermented liquid is 3×10 9 cfu / mL, and the lactobacillus fermentation agent used was a mixed agent of plant lactobacillus agent and fermentation lactobacillus agent in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0060] The sealing agent includes the following components based on 100 parts by total weight: 1 part of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, 4 parts of antioxidant emulsion, 0.06 parts of citric acid, and the balance is water, wherein the amount of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is 5×10 8 cfu / mL.

[0061] The preparation method of the antioxidant emulsion comprises the following steps:

[0062] A1: 8 parts by weight of vegetable oil are weighed as a dissolving matrix, 4 parts of fatty acid sorbitan ester and 8 parts of fatty acid monoglyceride are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture;

[0063] A2: Heat the mixture in A1 to 70°C and stir for 40 min to obtain a mixed solution;

[0064] A3: By weight, the mixed solution in A2 was cooled to room temperature, 0.4 parts of ascorbic acid was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes and mixed thoroughly, and then 2 parts of vegetable oil were added and stirred evenly to obtain the antioxidant emulsion.

[0065] Comparative Example 1:

[0066] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the fermentation is completed once and the fermentation time is 40 days.

[0067] A composite fermented silage, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0068] S1: Raw material mixing: weigh the following raw material components based on a total weight of 100 parts: 1.2 parts of soybean meal, 0.7 parts of dried radish, 1.0 parts of bacterial fermentation liquid, 0.2 parts of sorbic acid, 0.4 parts of salt, and the remainder of corn stalks, the particle size of which is 1-3 cm, and mix the components evenly;

[0069] S2: Silage fermentation: The mixed raw materials are filled into a sealed container, compacted in layers, and sealed for primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of about 30°C for 40 days to obtain fermented material.

[0070] Comparative Example 2:

[0071] The only difference from Example 1 is that no blocking agent is used in step S2.

[0072] A composite fermented silage, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:

[0073] S1: Raw material mixing: weigh the following raw material components based on 100 parts by total weight: 1.2 parts of soybean meal, 0.7 parts of dried radish, 1.0 parts of lactobacillus fermentation liquid, 0.20 parts of sorbic acid, 0.4 parts of salt, and the remainder of corn stalks, the length of which is 1 to 3 cm, and mix them evenly with other components to obtain a raw material mixture;

[0074] S2: Primary silage fermentation: Fill the raw material mixture into a sealed container, compact it in layers, seal it, and then perform primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of about 30°C for 10 days to obtain primary fermentation material;

[0075] S3: Secondary silage fermentation: Take out the primary fermentation material, and then divide the primary fermentation material into several portions, add unfermented straw fragments to each portion of the primary fermentation material and mix them evenly, the weight ratio of each portion of the primary fermentation material to the unfermented straw fragments is 1:15, refill it into a sealed container, compact it in layers, seal it, and carry out secondary fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 30°C and the fermentation time is 30 days to obtain straw feed.

[0076] Comparative Example 3:

[0077] The only difference from Example 1 is that no antioxidant emulsion is added in the preparation of the sealing agent.

[0078] The sealing agent includes the following components based on 100 parts by total weight: 0.7 parts of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and the balance of water, wherein the amount of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is 3×10 8 cfu / mL.

[0079] Comparative Example 4:

[0080] The only difference from Example 1 is that no Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is added in the preparation of the blocking agent.

[0081] The sealing agent includes the following components based on 100 parts by total weight: 3 parts of antioxidant emulsion, 0.05 parts of citric acid, and the balance is water.

[0082] Comparative Example 5:

[0083] The only difference from Example 1 is that no antioxidant emulsion and no Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth are added in the preparation of the sealing agent.

[0084] The sealing agent includes the following components based on 100 parts by total weight: 0.05 parts of citric acid and the balance of water.

[0085] The straw silage obtained in the embodiments and comparative examples were tested respectively, and the sampling method was as follows: three fermentation pits were randomly selected, and the straw silage in the upper, middle and lower layers of the fermentation pits was sampled and tested respectively. The straw silage of embodiments 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 had a yellow-green appearance, a sour aroma, no impurities visible to the naked eye, no water dripping when squeezed by hand, no obvious mildew, a moisture content between 65% and 75%, and a pH value between 3.8 and 4.5, all of which met the quality indicators of straw silage.

[0086] Since the water loss and the degree of decomposition of some soluble sugars and proteins in the straw silage fermentation process lead to a decrease in the crude protein content ratio and an increase in the crude fiber content ratio in the final obtained straw silage feed, the crude protein and crude fiber content ratio data in the straw silage feed can be used as an important indicator to measure the quality of straw silage feed. In order to illustrate the impact of the technical solution on the quality of straw composite fermentation silage feed, the average value of the crude protein and crude fiber content ratio and the tolerance range data of the straw composite fermentation silage feed obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-9 are summarized in the following Table 1.

[0087] Table 1

[0088] Crude protein content (%) Crude fiber content (%) Example 1 8.1±0.6 31.8±0.7 Example 2 7.6±0.5 32.3±0.7 Example 3 7.8±0.6 32.0±0.8 Comparative Example 1 5.2±1.8 34.8±2.0 Comparative Example 2 3.8±1.2 33.6±1.5 Comparative Example 3 4.7±1.0 34.1±1.4 Comparative Example 4 5.9±1.5 33.3±1.7 Comparative Example 5 4.8±1.1 33.9±1.4

[0089] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the primary fermentation is completed and the secondary fermentation is not carried out by spraying the sealing agent.

[0090] The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1 is 8.1±0.6%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 31.8±0.7%; the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 1 is 5.2±1.8%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 34.8±2.0%. The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 1 is less than the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1, and the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 1 is greater than the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1. The crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 1 are both greater than the crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Example 1.

[0091] The above results show that spraying sealant for secondary fermentation can not only improve the fermentation quality of silage straw feed, but also improve the fermentation uniformity of silage feed.

[0092] The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that no sealing agent is used in step S2.

[0093] The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1 is 8.1±0.6%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 31.8±0.7%; the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 2 is 3.8±1.2%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 33.6±1.5%. The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 2 is less than the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1, and the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 2 is greater than the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1. The above data results show that the use of a sealing agent can improve the nutritional properties of silage straw feed. The crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 2 are greater than the crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Example 1, indicating that the use of a sealing agent can improve the fermentation uniformity of the silage.

[0094] In addition, the crude protein content of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 2 is less than the crude protein content of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 1, and the crude fiber content of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 2 is greater than the crude fiber content of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 1, indicating that without spraying the sealing agent, secondary fermentation will cause the fermentation quality of the silage straw feed and the fermentation uniformity of the silage feed to decrease instead of increase.

[0095] In addition, based on the changes in crude fiber and crude protein in Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 2 produced more harmful bacteria during the fermentation process, resulting in a significant decrease in the crude protein content, indicating that the sealant can effectively prevent the production of harmful bacteria during the fermentation process of the silage straw feed.

[0096] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that no antioxidant emulsion is added in the preparation of the sealant. The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1 is 8.1±0.6%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 31.8±0.7%; the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 3 is 4.7±1.0%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 34.1±1.4%. The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 3 is less than the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1, and the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 3 is greater than the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1. The above data results show that the use of antioxidant emulsion in the sealant can improve the nutritional properties of silage straw feed. The crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 3 are greater than the crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Example 1, indicating that the use of antioxidant emulsion in the sealant can improve the fermentation uniformity of silage.

[0097] In addition, based on the changes in crude fiber and crude protein in Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 3 produced more harmful bacteria during the fermentation process, resulting in a significant decrease in the crude protein content, indicating that the antioxidant emulsion in the sealant is the main component that effectively prevents the production of harmful bacteria during the fermentation of silage straw feed.

[0098] The only difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that no Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is added in the preparation of the blocking agent.

[0099] The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1 is 8.1±0.6%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 31.8±0.7%; the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 4 is 5.9±1.5%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 33.3±1.7%. The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 4 is less than the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1, and the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 4 is greater than the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1. The above data show that the use of Bacillus subtilis in the sealant can improve the nutritional value of the silage straw feed. The crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 4 are greater than the crude fiber content ratio and tolerance range of the silage straw feed in Example 1, indicating that the use of Bacillus subtilis in the sealant can improve the fermentation uniformity of the silage.

[0100] The only difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that neither antioxidant emulsion nor Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth is added in the preparation of the sealing agent.

[0101] The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1 is 8.1±0.6%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 31.8±0.7%; the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 5 is 4.8±1.1%, and the crude fiber content ratio is 33.9±1.4%. The crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 5 is less than the crude protein content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1, and the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Example 5 is greater than the crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Example 1. The above data combined with the crude protein content ratio and crude fiber content ratio of the silage straw feed in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 show that in terms of improving the nutritional performance and fermentation uniformity of the silage straw feed, the antioxidant emulsion in the sealant is the main functional component (necessary functional component), and the Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid is the auxiliary functional component. If the antioxidant emulsion does not exist, the use of Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid alone does not significantly improve the effect. In addition to the presence of antioxidant emulsion, the use of Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth can further improve the effect.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite fermented silage, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: Raw material mixing: weigh the following raw material components based on 100 parts by total weight: 1-1.4 parts of soybean meal, 0.6-0.8 parts of dried radish, 0.8-1.2 parts of lactobacillus fermentation liquid, 0.15-0.25 parts of sorbic acid, 0.3-0.5 parts of salt, and the remainder of straw fragments, and mix them evenly with other components to obtain a raw material mixture; S2: Primary silage fermentation: Fill the raw material mixture into a sealed container, compact it in layers, seal it, and then perform primary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 20 to 35°C for 9 to 11 days to obtain primary fermentation material; S3: Secondary silage fermentation: take out the primary fermentation material, mix the sealing agent with the primary fermentation material to obtain a primary fermentation material mixture, the mass ratio of the primary fermentation material to the sealing agent is 2.5-3.5:100, then divide the primary fermentation material mixture into several portions, add unfermented straw fragments to each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture and mix them evenly, the weight ratio of each portion of the primary fermentation material mixture to the unfermented straw fragments is 1:10-20, refill into a sealed container, compact in layers, seal, and perform secondary fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 20-35°C, and the fermentation time is 25-35 days, and straw feed is obtained; The number of strains in the Lactobacillus fermentation broth used is 2 to 5 × 10 9 cfu / mL, the lactobacillus fermentation agent used is a mixed agent of plant lactobacillus agent and fermentation lactobacillus agent in a mass ratio of 2 to 3:1; The sealing agent comprises the following components: based on 100 parts by total weight, 0.5 to 1 part of Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid, 2 to 4 parts of antioxidant emulsion, 0.04 to 0.06 parts of citric acid, and the balance is water, wherein the amount of bacteria in the Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid is 1 to 5×10 8 cfu / mL; the sealing agent can form a protective film on the surface of the primary fermentation material.

2. The composite fermented silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw raw material is selected from one or both of corn straw and sorghum straw.

3. The composite fermented silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the antioxidant emulsion comprises the following steps: A1: 8 parts by weight of vegetable oil are weighed as a dissolving base, 2 to 4 parts of sorbitan fatty acid ester and 6 to 8 parts of monoglycerol fatty acid ester are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixture; A2: Heat the mixture in A1 to 60-70°C and stir for 20-40 minutes to obtain a mixed solution; A3: By weight, the mixed solution in A2 is cooled to room temperature, 0.2-0.4 parts of ascorbic acid are added, stirred for 30 minutes, and mixed thoroughly, and then 2 parts of vegetable oil are added and stirred evenly to obtain the antioxidant emulsion.

4. The composite fermented silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the straw fragments is 1 to 3 cm.