Functional feed for improving liver health of micropterus salmoides as well as preparation method and application of functional feed

Abstract

According to the functional feed for improving the liver health of the largemouth bass and the preparation method and application of the functional feed, the components and the proportion in the feed are optimized, the bamboo vinegar powder is added, experiments prove that the functional feed can improve the growth performance and the liver health of the largemouth bass, and then the survival rate and the yield of the largemouth bass are increased; the economic benefit of the largemouth bass is improved, and the industrial development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic feed and additives, in particular to a functional feed for improving liver health of largemouth bass and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a carnivorous fish native to the United States. It is widely farmed due to its rapid growth, delicious meat, and lack of endoskeleton, and has high economic value. At present, largemouth bass farming in my country is mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas. In 2022, the production of largemouth bass in my country reached 800,000 tons. The demand for largemouth bass in the market mainly comes from the catering industry. It is loved by consumers for its delicious meat, high protein and high nutritional value.

[0003] At present, due to the intensive breeding model, the increase in breeding density has led to the deterioration of water quality, viral and bacterial infections, and oxidative stress, which have caused lesions in the liver and other organs of largemouth black bass, thus affecting the growth performance of largemouth black bass, reducing economic benefits, and hindering industrial development. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a functional feed for improving liver health of largemouth bass and a preparation method and application thereof. The functional feed can promote the growth performance and liver health of largemouth bass.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A functional feed for improving liver health of largemouth bass, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0007] 40-50 parts of Chilean fish meal, 2-8 parts of high-gluten flour, 2-8 parts of corn starch, 2-8 parts of corn gluten powder, 2-8 parts of soybean meal, 2-8 parts of brewer's yeast, 4-10 parts of chicken meal, 2-8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-10 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil, and 0.1-6 parts of bamboo vinegar powder.

[0008] Wherein, per 1kg of functional feed, the composite premix is ​​composed of the following raw materials: vitamin B1 10-11mg, riboflavin 8-9mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 10-11mg, vitamin B12 0.2-0.3mg, vitamin K3 10-11mg, inositol 100-110mg, calcium pantothenate 20-22mg, niacin 50-52mg, folic acid 2-3mg, biotin 2-3mg, vitamin A (500,000 IU) 400-420mg, vitamin D 5-6mg, vitamin E (500,000 IU) 100-120mg, ethoxyquin 150-160mg; secondary powder 0.13-0.14g; potassium chloride 200 -220mg; potassium iodide 60-65mg; cobalt sulfate 100-110mg; copper sulfate 24-26mg; ferrous sulfate 400-420mg; zinc sulfate 170-175mg; manganese sulfate 75-80mg; magnesium sulfate 800-820mg; sodium selenite 5-52mg; zeolite powder 3.0-3.5g.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the following raw materials are used in parts by weight:

[0010] 40-50 parts of Chilean fish meal, 2-8 parts of high-gluten flour, 2-8 parts of corn starch, 2-8 parts of corn gluten powder, 2-8 parts of soybean meal, 2-8 parts of brewer's yeast, 4-10 parts of chicken meal, 2-8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-10 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil, and 0.1-4 parts of bamboo vinegar powder.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the added amount of bamboo vinegar powder is 0.1 parts.

[0012] A method for preparing the above functional feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0013] (1) crushing Chilean fish meal, high-gluten flour, corn starch, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, brewer's yeast, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, fine bran, and monocalcium phosphate, and mixing them thoroughly to obtain a mixture A;

[0014] (2) adding vitamin and mineral composite premix, choline chloride, vitamin C, and bamboo vinegar powder to mixed material A, mixing thoroughly, and then ultrafine grinding to obtain mixed material B;

[0015] (3) Mixture B, lecithin and 1-8 wt% of fish oil are fully mixed, and then water is added and mixed again to obtain mixture C;

[0016] (4) The mixture C is subjected to conditioning treatment to prepare an expanded pellet feed, which is then dried and then vacuum sprayed with the remaining mixed fish oil at 50-70° C. The functional feed is obtained after cooling and sieving.

[0017] Application of the above functional feed in largemouth bass farming.

[0018] Application of the functional feed in improving the growth performance of largemouth bass.

[0019] Application of the functional feed in improving liver health of largemouth bass.

[0020] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The invention provides a functional feed for improving liver health of largemouth black bass, a preparation method and application thereof, the components and proportions in the feed are optimized and bamboo vinegar powder is added, and experiments have confirmed that the functional feed can improve the growth performance and liver health of largemouth black bass, thereby increasing the survival rate and yield of largemouth black bass, improving the economic benefits of largemouth black bass and promoting the development of the industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 : This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on the weight gain rate of largemouth bass. Different letters are marked on each group of data, indicating significant differences (P<0.05), the same below;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on the feeding rate of largemouth bass;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on serum ALT of largemouth bass;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on serum AST of largemouth bass;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on T-AOC in the liver of largemouth bass;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on T-SOD in the liver of largemouth bass;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on CAT in the liver of largemouth bass;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on MDA in the liver of largemouth bass;

[0031] Fig. 9 This is a diagram showing the effect of the feed provided by the present invention on the liver tissue structure of largemouth bass, and the black arrow points to the liver vacuoles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. In the examples, those without specifying specific techniques or conditions are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or according to the product specification. Those without specifying the manufacturer of reagents or instruments used are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially. In the following examples, if not clearly stated, "%" refers to weight percentage.

[0034] The composition of the vitamin and mineral composite premix in the specific embodiment and the comparative example is as follows: per 1 kg of feed, it contains 10 mg of vitamin B1; 8 mg of riboflavin; 10 mg of pyridoxine hydrochloride; 0.2 mg of vitamin B12; 10 mg of vitamin K3; 100 mg of inositol; 20 mg of calcium pantothenate; 50 mg of niacin; 2 mg of folic acid; 2 mg of biotin; 400 mg of vitamin A (500,000 IU); 5 mg of vitamin D; 100 mg of vitamin E (500,000 IU); 150 mg of ethoxyquin; 0.1328 g of dextrose; 200 mg of potassium chloride; 60 mg of potassium iodide; 100 mg of cobalt sulfate; 24 mg of copper sulfate; 400 mg of ferrous sulfate; 174 mg of zinc sulfate; 78 mg of manganese sulfate; 800 mg of magnesium sulfate; 50 mg of sodium selenite; and 3.114 g of zeolite powder.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A functional feed for largemouth bass comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 46 parts of Chilean fish meal, 5 parts of high-gluten flour, 4 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of corn gluten powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of brewer's yeast, 8 parts of chicken meal, 7 parts of fermented soybean meal, 4.38 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.1 parts of bamboo vinegar powder.

[0037] In the functional feed for largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 49.54%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 9.60%.

[0038] The preparation steps are as follows:

[0039] (1) crushing Chilean fish meal, high-gluten flour, corn starch, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, brewer's yeast, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, fine bran, and monocalcium phosphate, and mixing them thoroughly to obtain a mixture A;

[0040] (2) adding a composite premix of vitamins and minerals, choline chloride, and vitamin C to mixed material A, mixing thoroughly, and then ultrafine grinding to obtain mixed material B;

[0041] (3) Add lecithin to mixture B, stir and mix thoroughly, then add water; mix thoroughly to obtain mixture C;

[0042] (4) The mixture C is subjected to conditioning treatment to prepare an expanded pellet feed, which is then dried and vacuum-sprayed with oil, cooled, and sieved to obtain the obtained pellet feed.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] A functional feed for largemouth bass comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 45 parts of Chilean fish meal, 4 parts of high-gluten flour, 3 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of corn gluten meal, 6 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of brewer's yeast, 8 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 7.28 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil and 0.2 parts of bamboo vinegar powder.

[0045] In the functional feed for largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 49.64%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 9.87%.

[0046] The preparation steps are as follows:

[0047] (1) crushing Chilean fish meal, high-gluten flour, corn starch, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, brewer's yeast, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, fine bran, and monocalcium phosphate, and mixing them thoroughly to obtain a mixture A;

[0048] (2) adding a composite premix of vitamins and minerals, choline chloride, and vitamin C to mixed material A, mixing thoroughly, and then ultrafine grinding to obtain mixed material B;

[0049] (3) Add lecithin to mixture B, stir and mix thoroughly, then add water; mix thoroughly to obtain mixture C;

[0050] (4) The mixture C is subjected to conditioning treatment to prepare an expanded pellet feed, which is then dried and vacuum-sprayed with oil, cooled, and sieved to obtain the obtained pellet feed.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] A functional feed for largemouth bass comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 45 parts of Chilean fish meal, 5 parts of high-gluten flour, 3 parts of corn starch, 5 parts of corn gluten powder, 5 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of brewer's yeast, 8 parts of chicken meal, 7 parts of fermented soybean meal, 8.08 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil, and 0.4 parts of bamboo vinegar powder.

[0053] In the functional feed for largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 50.49%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 9.45%.

[0054] The preparation steps are as follows:

[0055] (1) crushing Chilean fish meal, high-gluten flour, corn starch, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, brewer's yeast, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, fine bran, and monocalcium phosphate, and mixing them thoroughly to obtain a mixture A;

[0056] (2) adding a composite premix of vitamins and minerals, choline chloride, and vitamin C to mixed material A, mixing thoroughly, and then ultrafine grinding to obtain mixed material B;

[0057] (3) Add lecithin to mixture B, stir and mix thoroughly, then add water; mix thoroughly to obtain mixture C;

[0058] (4) The mixture C is subjected to conditioning treatment to prepare an expanded pellet feed, which is then dried and vacuum-sprayed with oil, cooled, and sieved to obtain the obtained pellet feed.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] A compound feed for largemouth bass comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 48 parts of Chilean fish meal, 6 parts of high-gluten flour, 5 parts of corn starch, 6 parts of corn gluten powder, 6 parts of soybean meal, 2 parts of brewer's yeast, 5 parts of chicken meal, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5.48 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil and 0 parts of bamboo vinegar powder.

[0061] In the compound feed for largemouth bass, the mass fraction of crude protein is 50.31%, and the mass fraction of crude fat is 9.51%.

[0062] The preparation steps are as follows:

[0063] (1) crushing Chilean fish meal, high-gluten flour, corn starch, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, brewer's yeast, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, fine bran, and monocalcium phosphate, and mixing them thoroughly to obtain a mixture A;

[0064] (2) adding a composite premix of vitamins and minerals, choline chloride, and vitamin C to mixed material A, mixing thoroughly, and then ultrafine grinding to obtain mixed material B;

[0065] (3) Add lecithin to mixture B, stir and mix thoroughly, then add water; mix thoroughly to obtain mixture C;

[0066] (4) The mixture C is subjected to conditioning treatment to prepare an expanded pellet feed, which is then dried and vacuum-sprayed with oil, cooled, and sieved to obtain the obtained pellet feed.

[0067] Breeding experiment

[0068] The functional feeds prepared in Examples 1-3 and the compound feeds prepared in the comparative example were used to feed largemouth bass with an initial body weight of about 7.02 g at regular times (8:30 and 17:30) for 56 days. The largemouth bass were fed until they were full each time. During the experiment, the daily water replacement rate was about 30%. Samples were collected after 56 days.

[0069] Weight gain rate WG (%) = (final total weight of fish - initial total weight of fish) / initial total weight of fish × 100;

[0070] Feed coefficient FCR = total feed intake / weight gain × 100;

[0071] ① The functional feed prepared in Examples 1-3 can promote the growth performance of largemouth bass

[0072] According to the breeding results of the comparative examples and the embodiments ( Figure 1 and 2 ) It can be concluded that, compared with the comparative example, the functional feeds prepared by Examples 1-3 can increase the weight gain rate of largemouth seabass and reduce its feeding rate, among which the weight gain rate of largemouth seabass fed with the functional feed of Example 2 was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient was significantly reduced (P<0.05), indicating that the functional feeds prepared by Examples 1-3 can promote the growth of largemouth seabass.

[0073] ② The functional feed prepared in Examples 1-3 can improve the liver health and liver antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass

[0074] ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are two important liver enzymes whose levels can reflect the health of the liver. ALT and AST are mainly distributed in the liver. When the liver is damaged, ALT and AST will be released from liver cells into the blood, so the increase in their levels usually represents liver damage. Figure 3 and Figure 4The results showed that compared with the control example, the serum ALT and AST levels of the largemouth bass fed with the feeds of Examples 1, 2 and 3 were significantly lower than those of the control example (P<0.05), indicating that the livers of the largemouth bass fed with the feeds of Examples 1, 2 and 3 were healthier.

[0075] T-AOC (total antioxidant capacity), T-SOD (total superoxide dismutase) and CAT (catalase) play an antioxidant role in animal bodies. SOD is an enzymatic antioxidant that converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. CAT is a heme enzyme that promotes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. MDA (malondialdehyde) is a product of lipid peroxidation. Its increased content is generally considered an indicator of oxidative stress damage. Figure 5-8 The results showed that compared with the control example, the T-AOC content, T-SOD and CAT activities of the liver of the largemouth bass in Example 2 were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced (P<0.05). This shows that bamboo vinegar powder can improve the antioxidant capacity of the liver of the largemouth bass and promote the liver health of the largemouth bass.

[0076] The occurrence of fish liver disease usually means the destruction or abnormality of liver tissue structure (such as fibrosis, necrosis). Liver diseases, such as hepatitis and fatty liver, can cause structural damage to liver tissue and affect the normal function of the liver. Fig. 9 As shown, with the addition of bamboo vinegar powder, the cavitation degree of the liver of largemouth bass decreased, and the cavitation degree of the liver of largemouth bass in Example 3 was the lowest. This shows that bamboo vinegar powder maintains the integrity of the liver tissue structure of largemouth bass and promotes liver health.

[0077] In summary, the bamboo vinegar powder functional feed of the present invention improves the weight gain rate of largemouth seabass and reduces the feed coefficient after culturing largemouth seabass for 56 days. Through the analysis of the antioxidant capacity and tissue structure of the liver of largemouth seabass, the present invention improves the antioxidant capacity of the liver of largemouth seabass and improves liver health, and the effect of Example 2 is the best.

[0078] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0080] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional feed for improving liver health of largemouth bass, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 40-50 parts of Chilean fish meal, 2-8 parts of high-gluten flour, 2-8 parts of corn starch, 2-8 parts of corn gluten powder, 2-8 parts of soybean meal, 2-8 parts of brewer's yeast, 4-10 parts of chicken meal, 2-8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-10 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil, and 0.1-6 parts of bamboo vinegar powder. The composite premix is ​​composed of the following raw materials per 1kg of functional feed: vitamin B1 10-11mg, riboflavin 8-9mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 10-11mg, vitamin B12 0.2-0.3mg, vitamin K3 10-11mg, inositol 100-110mg, calcium pantothenate 20-22mg, niacin 50-52mg, folic acid 2-3mg, biotin 2-3mg, vitamin A (500,000 IU) 400-420mg, vitamin D 5-6mg, vitamin E (500,000 IU) 100-120mg, ethoxyquinoline 150-160mg; secondary powder 0.13-0.14g; potassium chloride 200-220mg; potassium iodide 60-65mg; cobalt sulfate 100-110mg; copper sulfate 24-26mg; ferrous sulfate 400-420mg; zinc sulfate 170-175mg; manganese sulfate 75-80mg; magnesium sulfate 800-820mg; sodium selenite 5-52mg; zeolite powder 3.0-3.5g.

2. The functional feed according to claim 1, characterized in that By weight, it is composed of the following raw materials: 40-50 parts of Chilean fish meal, 2-8 parts of high-gluten flour, 2-8 parts of corn starch, 2-8 parts of corn gluten powder, 2-8 parts of soybean meal, 2-8 parts of brewer's yeast, 4-10 parts of chicken meal, 2-8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 2-10 parts of fine bran, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of composite premix, 0.02 parts of vitamin C, 0.5 parts of choline chloride, 1 part of lecithin, 5 parts of mixed fish oil, and 0.1-4 parts of bamboo vinegar powder.

3. The functional feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The added amount of the bamboo vinegar powder is 0.1 part.

4. A method for preparing the functional feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) crushing Chilean fish meal, high-gluten flour, corn starch, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, brewer's yeast, chicken meal, fermented soybean meal, fine bran, and monocalcium phosphate, and mixing them thoroughly to obtain a mixture A; (2) adding vitamin and mineral composite premix, choline chloride, vitamin C, and bamboo vinegar powder to mixed material A, mixing thoroughly, and then ultrafine grinding to obtain mixed material B; (3) Mixture B, lecithin and 1-8 wt% of fish oil are fully mixed, and then water is added and mixed again to obtain mixture C; (4) The mixture C is subjected to conditioning treatment to prepare an expanded pellet feed, and after drying, the mixture is vacuum sprayed with the remaining mixed fish oil at 50-70° C., and the functional feed is obtained after cooling and sieving.

5. Use of the functional feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in largemouth bass breeding.

6. Use of the functional feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in improving the growth performance of largemouth bass.

7. Use of the functional feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in improving liver health of largemouth bass.

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