A multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of medical apparatus and discloses a multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle, which comprises an ultrasonic intervention catheter, a flexible Bragg fiber device and a flexible carbon dioxide laser probe, the flexible Bragg fiber device is slidably arranged in the cavity of the ultrasonic intervention catheter, the head end of the flexible Bragg fiber device is connected with the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe, and the tail end of the flexible Bragg fiber device is connected with a carbon dioxide laser generating device. The puncture needle with a small-scale flexible carbon dioxide laser probe and taking the flexible Bragg fiber device as the main body is wrapped by the ultrasonic intervention catheter, can be deeply inserted into the human body for various minimally invasive surgical treatments under the ultrasonic guidance in a minimally invasive manner, and has the characteristics of flexibility, small scale, small trauma and good optical properties and mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a multifunctional flexible implantable carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle. Background Art

[0002] Mid-infrared lasers, with their significant advantages of non-contact, high efficiency, and high precision, are widely used in clinical surgical procedures such as lesion tissue resection, tissue reshaping, and interstitial photothermal therapy for tumors. Among them, carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, characterized by extremely high ablation efficiency and high precision, are widely used in skin, ENT, and abdominal surgeries. However, due to the lack of a stable, high-performance, small-scale flexible energy transmission medium, CO2 lasers cannot, like near-infrared lasers such as holmium and neodymium lasers, enter the body through mature quartz optical fibers in a minimally invasive or non-invasive manner for minimally invasive interventional procedures within natural cavities within the human body.

[0003] Currently, CO2 lasers are typically used for surgery through transmission media such as light guides and hollow waveguides. During minimally invasive or non-invasive procedures, CO2 lasers can easily cause severe ablation and thermal damage. Furthermore, CO2 lasers are limited by the lack of efficient, flexible CO2 laser transmission media and the single functionality of existing CO2 laser scalpels. Furthermore, due to the unique structure of human skin, CO2 laser therapy, a common and effective treatment in dermatology, is unable to reach subcutaneous lesions, hindering its development and clinical application in minimally invasive treatments.

[0004] Flexible bioelectronics technology, based on flexible bioelectronic materials, uses micro-nanofabrication techniques to create bendable, foldable, and stretchable bioelectronic devices and systems. These devices are lightweight, flexible, wearable, biocompatible, implantable, zero-load, highly precise, and perform in real time. Flexible bioelectronics technology can disrupt and transform the rigid physical form of traditional medical detection devices or equipment. Combining flexible bioelectronics with carbon dioxide lasers lays the theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of implantable flexible carbon dioxide laser probes, promoting the development of minimally invasive treatments for a variety of skin and musculoskeletal diseases and validating their suitability for specific diseases.

[0005] Infrared fiber (IR fiber), with its smaller and more flexible structure, is widely considered an ideal medium for flexible mid-infrared laser transmission. Regarding IR fiber, Temelkuran et al. proposed a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (Bragg fiber) with an internal Bragg reflector. This type of fiber is actually a multi-material hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. It is made by thermally evaporating high-refractive-index chalcogenide glass (As2Se3) onto a low-refractive-index polymer film (PES). This hollow multi-material fiber preform is then coiled and thermally cured to form a preform. This preform is then thermally drawn to create a submicron-scale, multilayered, periodic Bragg structure composed of alternating polymer and chalcogenide glass. The introduction of approximately 98% (volume ratio) polymer into the fiber imparts excellent flexibility, enabling stable CO2 laser output within a bend radius of less than 1 cm. This fiber achieves high-power transmission of CO2 lasers within the hollow-core fiber. For the 10.6μm CO2 laser wavelength, the transmission power can reach 1.15W (with an aperture of 700μm) with a transmission loss as low as 0.95dB / m. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle. This small-scale flexible carbon dioxide laser probe, wrapped around an ultrasonic interventional catheter and based on a Bragg fiber device, can be inserted into the human body under ultrasound guidance for various minimally invasive surgical procedures. The needle features flexibility, a small size, and excellent optical and mechanical properties, resolving the problems encountered in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle comprises an ultrasonic interventional catheter, a flexible Bragg fiber device and a flexible carbon dioxide laser probe. The flexible Bragg fiber device is slidably arranged in the cavity of the ultrasonic interventional catheter, the head end of the flexible Bragg fiber device is connected to the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe, and the tail end of the flexible Bragg fiber device is connected to a carbon dioxide laser generating device.

[0009] Furthermore, the flexible Bragg fiber device is a multi-material hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for preparing the flexible Bragg fiber device is: first, thermally evaporate chalcogenide glass onto a polymer film, wherein the refractive index of the chalcogenide glass is higher than that of the polymer film; then, a hollow multi-material optical fiber preform is obtained through a winding and thermal curing process; and finally, a submicron-level multi-layer periodic Bragg structure optical fiber formed by alternating polymer and chalcogenide glass is obtained through thermal drawing.

[0011] Furthermore, in the flexible Bragg fiber device, the volume ratio of the polymer is 98%.

[0012] Further, the flexible Bragg fiber device is made by fiber heat stretching after the infrared glass rod and the polymer sheath layer are assembled into a preform rod; wherein the polymer sheath layer is prepared by mechanical processing, hot extrusion, hot blending or film winding, the infrared glass rod is obtained by tube rod method, co-hot extrusion method or double crucible method, and the preform rod of the flexible Bragg fiber device is assembled by tube sleeve rod, hot extrusion or heat curing method.

[0013] Further, the polymer sheath layer is one of polyphenylene sulfone, polyether sulfone or polyetherimide.

[0014] Further, the polymer sheath layer is a low modulus soft polymer polyvinylidene fluoride introduced into a high modulus polymer polyphenylene sulfone, which is mixed and granulated by hot extrusion to modulate the modulus of the polymer.

[0015] Further, the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe is a flexible bioelectronic device, which includes a functional structure, a conductive structure and a flexible substrate, the functional structure is used to respond to the carbon dioxide laser energy transmitted by the Bragg fiber device and convert it into an electrical signal, the conductive structure is used for transmission of the electrical signal, and the flexible substrate is used to support the functional structure.

[0016] Further, the carbon dioxide laser energy responded by the functional structure includes any one or more of temperature, humidity, strain and chemical medium.

[0017] Further, the flexible bioelectronic device is a laser-induced graphene-polydimethylsiloxane organic silicon flexible electrode, which is prepared by a femtosecond laser processing process.

[0018] The principle and beneficial effects of the technical scheme are:

[0019] 1. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle provided by the application, wherein the flexible Bragg fiber device is slidably arranged in the cavity of the ultrasonic intervention catheter, and the head end and tail end of the flexible Bragg fiber device are respectively connected with the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe and the carbon dioxide laser generating device. The flexible Bragg fiber device is a multi-material hollow photonic bandgap fiber, and has the advantages of high scalability, material compatibility and controllable micro-nano structure, thereby solving the problems of low transmission efficiency and poor mechanical performance of the laser energy transmission medium in clinical surgery; the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe is a flexible bioelectronic device, and the combination of the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe and the flexible electronic device ensures the unique advantages of safety, non-contact, precision and high efficiency of the CO2 laser in minimally invasive treatment of biological tissues, realizes stable energy transmission, and the small-scale flexible medium fully plays its advantages in complex human surgery; the guidance of the ultrasonic wave makes the laser energy transmission function the core, and the ultrasonic wave and the laser are combined and matched with each other, so that the multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle has the functions of external visualization and internal energy transmission, and is expected to expand the ability of surgical devices to perform precise operations in deeper, narrower and more complex environments, and provide a new idea for the realization of efficient and precise surgery.

[0020] 2. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle provided by the application, through extensive research on the optical properties and mechanical properties of the CO2 laser energy transmission medium, the development of the flexible carbon dioxide laser needle under the guidance of the ultrasonic wave with the minimally invasive clinical prospect will deeply affect the development of surgical medicine, and make it develop in the directions of precise positioning and visualization, and play a role in multiple scenes such as subcutaneous, superficial muscle and bone, and vascular microcavity intervention. At the same time, by combining multiple fields such as clinical medicine, ultrasonic medicine, biological engineering and material science, the scene universality of the multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle is further improved, and the industrial production batch is played, so as to provide reliable support for guaranteeing people's life and health and promoting social development, open up a new technical route for the further development of future interventional surgical procedures, expand its application in precise surgical procedures, including the treatment or ablation of skin diseases, ear-nose-throat diseases, abdominal cavity and various muscle and bone malignant tumors.

[0021] 3. The present invention provides a multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle. The carbon dioxide laser probe is a flexible implantable bioelectronic device connected to the laser fiber. Due to the stretchable, deformable and ultra-flexible characteristics of the flexible electronic device, the probe diameter can be made very small, and at the same time, a length adjustment function is provided, which can be used for small-scale treatment as well as large-scale treatment. Compared with ordinary laser probes, it can produce a faster heating speed and may achieve more precise treatment at the cost of smaller tissue penetration, making laser emission more controllable. The laser is emitted by the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe, and each laser action point is composed of a single or several high-energy pulsed lasers. The laser action point can penetrate the subcutaneous dermis and even reach the muscle layer or deeper, forming a burn area in the lesion tissue, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating the lesion and stimulating tissue regeneration.

[0022] Among them, femtosecond laser can reduce metal oxide nanomaterials or ionic metal salt precursors into metal nanoparticles and conductive structures at low pulse energy. After synthesizing metal nanomaterials, by achieving microscale connections between metal nanomaterials, the conductivity and mechanical properties of the prepared microstructures can be optimized, and the adhesion between the microstructures and flexible substrates can be improved, which helps to realize the preparation of highly conductive structures on flexible substrates.

[0023] Flexible bioelectronic devices utilize laser-induced graphene-polydimethylsiloxane silicone flexible electrodes. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) exhibits high carrier mobility, excellent conductivity, a porous structure, and tunable hydrophobicity, making it a suitable electrode for flexible devices. Laser irradiation of LIG induces a high temperature and high pressure local environment on a polyimide (PI) film, transferring the LIG to a soft adhesive substrate and tightly bonding the LIG to the elastic substrate. This results in an elastic composite with both the conductive properties of LIG and the flexibility of the substrate, which serves as an electrode for flexible electronic devices. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a preferred substrate due to its excellent properties, satisfying both fluidity before solidification and viscosity and flexibility after solidification. Therefore, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) converts from liquid to solid to form a soft adhesive film that adsorbs the PI-LIG composite layer. The PI is then etched with a strong base to allow for the non-destructive separation of the LIG-PDMS flexible electrode. The LIG-PDMS flexible electrode produced by this process is the core of the probe, with a double-layer electrode, a thinner dielectric layer (0.149mm), and a deformation response time as low as 0.04s. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2This is a flow chart of preparing a flexible carbon dioxide laser probe in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0026] The names of the corresponding symbols in the accompanying drawings are:

[0027] Ultrasound interventional catheter 1, Bragg fiber device 2, flexible carbon dioxide laser probe 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle includes an ultrasonic interventional catheter 1, a flexible Bragg fiber device 2 and a flexible carbon dioxide laser probe 3. The flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is slidably arranged in the cavity of the ultrasonic interventional catheter 1, the head end of the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is connected to the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe 3, and the tail end of the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is connected to the carbon dioxide laser generating device.

[0031] Among them, the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is a multi-material hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber, and its preparation method is: first, high-refractive index chalcogenide glass is thermally evaporated onto a low-refractive index polymer film; then, a hollow multi-material optical fiber preform is obtained through winding and thermal curing processes, and finally, a submicron-level multi-layer periodic Bragg structure optical fiber formed by alternating polymer and chalcogenide glass is obtained through thermal drawing. In the flexible Bragg fiber device 2, the volume ratio of the polymer is 98%.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle includes an ultrasonic interventional catheter 1, a flexible Bragg fiber device 2 and a flexible carbon dioxide laser probe 3. The flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is slidably arranged in the cavity of the ultrasonic interventional catheter 1, the head end of the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is connected to the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe 3, and the tail end of the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is connected to the carbon dioxide laser generating device.

[0034] Among them, the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is a multi-material hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber, which is assembled into a preform rod by an infrared glass rod and a polymer sheath, and then made by hot stretching the fiber; the polymer sheath is prepared by mechanical processing, hot extrusion, hot blending or film winding, and the infrared glass rod is obtained by a tube-rod method, a co-hot extrusion method or a double crucible method. The preform rod of the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is assembled with the infrared glass rod and the polymer sheath by a tube-sheath-rod method, hot extrusion or hot curing; wherein the polymer sheath is one of polyphenylene sulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetherimide or a high modulus polymer polyphenylene sulfone introduced with a low modulus soft polymer polyvinylidene fluoride and mixed and granulated by hot extrusion.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, a multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle includes an ultrasonic interventional catheter 1, a flexible Bragg fiber device 2 and a flexible carbon dioxide laser probe 3. The flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is slidably arranged in the cavity of the ultrasonic interventional catheter 1, the head end of the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is connected to the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe 3, and the tail end of the flexible Bragg fiber device 2 is connected to the carbon dioxide laser generating device.

[0037] Among them, the carbon dioxide laser probe is a flexible bioelectronic device, and the laser-induced graphene-polydimethylsiloxane silicone flexible electrode prepared by femtosecond laser processing technology includes a functional structure, a conductive structure and a flexible substrate. The functional structure is used to respond to the carbon dioxide laser energy transmitted by the Bragg fiber device 2 and convert it into an electrical signal. The conductive structure is used to transmit the electrical signal, and the flexible substrate is used to support the functional structure.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown in FIG, the process flow for preparing laser-induced graphene-polydimethylsiloxane organosilicon flexible electrodes is as follows:

[0039] Under laser irradiation, LIG ​​induces a localized environment on a polyimide (PI) film to become hot and high-pressure, transferring the LIG to a soft adhesive substrate while tightly bonding the LIG and the elastic substrate. This results in an elastic composite with both the conductive properties of LIG and the flexibility of the substrate. Unsolidified liquid colloid completely penetrates the porous LIG mesh under negative pressure, bonding the two. Once the colloid solidifies, the LIG-elastomer composite is obtained, serving as an electrode for flexible electronic devices. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is selected as the substrate. The PDMS, converted from liquid to solid, forms a soft adhesive film that adsorbs the PI-LIG joint layer. The PI is then corroded with a strong base to damage the LIG-PDMS flexible electrode. The LIG-PDMS flexible electrode fabricated using this process serves as the core of flexible strain sensors and actuators. LIG flexible electronic devices with double-layer electrodes, a thin dielectric layer (0.149 mm), and a deformation response time as low as 0.04 s are constructed using the LIG-PDMS flexible electrode.

[0040] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and common knowledge such as the specific technical solutions or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle, characterized in that: The device comprises an ultrasonic interventional catheter, a flexible Bragg fiber device and a flexible carbon dioxide laser probe. The flexible Bragg fiber device is slidably arranged in the cavity of the ultrasonic interventional catheter. The head end of the flexible Bragg fiber device is connected to the flexible carbon dioxide laser probe, and the tail end of the flexible Bragg fiber device is connected to a carbon dioxide laser generating device. The flexible Bragg fiber device is a multi-material hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber; The flexible carbon dioxide laser probe is a flexible implantable bioelectronic device, comprising a functional structure, a conductive structure, and a flexible substrate. The functional structure is used to respond to the carbon dioxide laser energy transmitted by the flexible Bragg fiber device and convert it into an electrical signal. The conductive structure is used to transmit the electrical signal, and the flexible substrate is used to support the functional structure. The bioelectronic device is a laser-induced graphene-polydimethylsiloxane organosilicon flexible electrode, and is prepared by a femtosecond laser processing process.

2. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for preparing the flexible Bragg fiber device is as follows: first, chalcogenide glass is thermally evaporated onto a polymer film, wherein the refractive index of the chalcogenide glass is higher than that of the polymer film; then, a hollow multi-material optical fiber preform is obtained through a winding and thermal curing process; and finally, a submicron-level multi-layer periodic Bragg structure optical fiber formed by alternating polymer and chalcogenide glass is obtained through thermal drawing.

3. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the flexible Bragg fiber device, the volume ratio of the polymer is 98%.

4. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible Bragg fiber device is manufactured by assembling an infrared glass rod and a polymer sheath into a preform rod and then thermally stretching the fiber; wherein the polymer sheath is prepared by machining, hot extrusion, hot blending or film winding, and the infrared glass rod is obtained by a tube-and-rod method, a co-hot extrusion method or a double crucible method; and the preform rod of the flexible Bragg fiber device is assembled by assembling the infrared glass rod and the polymer sheath by tube-and-rod, hot extrusion or thermal curing.

5. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polymer sheath is one of polyphenylene sulfone, polyether sulfone or polyetherimide.

6. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The polymer jacket is obtained by introducing a low modulus soft polymer polyvinylidene fluoride into a high modulus polymer polyphenylene sulfone, and mixing and granulating the mixture through hot extrusion to modulate the modulus of the polymer.

7. The multifunctional flexible carbon dioxide laser ultrasonic puncture needle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide laser energy to which the functional structure responds includes any one or more of temperature, humidity, strain and chemical medium.

Images