Babbitt metal bushing and additive preparation method and device thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bushings, in particular to a babbitt metal bushing and an additive preparation method and device thereof. The preparation method of the babbitt metal bushing comprises the following steps that a babbitt metal wire serves as a cladding material, surfacing is conducted on the surface of a workpiece base body, and a copper-coated reinforcing material is fed into a molten pool in a synchronous powder feeding mode in the surfacing process; the copper-coated reinforcing material comprises at least one of copper-coated graphite powder, copper-coated carbon fiber and copper-coated glass fiber. The graphite powder, the carbon fibers, the glass fibers and other reinforcing materials are added into the molten pool in a copper coating mode, the density difference between the reinforcing materials and babbitt metal can be reduced, and composition segregation caused by floating of the reinforcing materials can be restrained; meanwhile, Cu wrapping the reinforcing materials can react with elements in the babbitt metal, the continuity and uniformity of the reinforcing materials and a babbitt metal matrix are improved, and the reinforcing materials such as graphite, carbon fibers and glass fibers can be evenly distributed in the bushing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shaft bushings, and in particular to a babbitt alloy shaft bushing and an additive manufacturing method and a manufacturing device thereof. Background Art

[0002] Babbitt alloy is widely used as bearing bushing due to its good friction reduction, friction compliance and embeddability. However, in high-speed, heavy-load, harsh working conditions and frequent start-stop mechanical equipment, the requirements for the friction reduction, wear resistance and high temperature resistance of the bushing material are more stringent. Adding reinforcing materials such as glass fiber, carbon fiber or graphite to Babbitt alloy can improve the load-bearing capacity, strength and high temperature resistance of Babbitt alloy and reduce the friction coefficient. However, the density of carbon fiber is 1.5~1.8g / cm 3 The density of glass fiber is 2.4-2.76 g / cm3 and the density of graphite is 2.09-2.33 g / cm3, which are much lower than the density of babbitt alloy, which makes it difficult for them to be evenly distributed in the alloy in the molten state, thus affecting the performance of the final product.

[0003] The Chinese patent with the announcement number CN114672747B discloses a babbitt alloy, babbitt alloy wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the babbitt alloy material is prepared by a melting method, after the melt temperature is reduced to 300°C, glass fiber is added to the babbitt alloy, and the materials are mixed by a stirring method to prepare a babbitt alloy-glass fiber mixture, and finally the babbitt alloy wire is obtained by an extrusion method. However, the density of glass fiber is much lower than that of babbitt alloy, and when it is added to the babbitt alloy melt, it is easy to float, resulting in that the glass fiber cannot be evenly distributed in the babbitt alloy.

[0004] The Chinese patent with the announcement number CN114752870B discloses a babbitt alloy wire and a preparation method thereof, wherein the temperature of the babbitt alloy melt is lowered to 250-350°C and carbon fibers are added in a semi-solid state. However, when the babbitt alloy is in a semi-solid state, the melt viscosity increases significantly, and the uniform distribution of the carbon fibers cannot be guaranteed.

[0005] In addition, during the arc additive process, high energy density may burn the above-mentioned reinforcement materials or cause the reinforcement materials to float, further deteriorating the distribution effect. Therefore, how to evenly distribute reinforcement materials such as graphite, carbon fiber or glass fiber into the Babbitt alloy bushing has become a difficult problem restricting its mass application.

[0006] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for additive preparation of a babbitt alloy bushing to solve the technical problems in the existing methods that reinforcing materials such as graphite, carbon fiber or glass fiber are difficult to be evenly distributed in the babbitt alloy bushing and / or are easily burned during the arc additive process.

[0008] A second object of the present invention is to provide a babbitt alloy bushing, which is manufactured by the additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing as described above.

[0009] The third object of the present invention is to provide a device for preparing a babbitt alloy bushing, which is suitable for the additive preparation method of the babbitt alloy bushing as described above.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are particularly adopted:

[0011] A method for additively preparing a babbitt alloy bushing comprises the following steps:

[0012] Using babbitt alloy wire as cladding material, cladding is performed on the surface of a workpiece substrate. During the cladding process, copper-clad reinforcement material is fed into the molten pool in the form of synchronous powder feeding. The copper-clad reinforcement material includes at least one of copper-clad graphite powder, copper-clad carbon fiber, and copper-clad glass fiber.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the babbitt alloy shaft liner further comprises the following steps: during the surfacing process, continuously applying ultrasonic waves into the molten pool.

[0014] Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 10-40kHz, and the power is 50-1000W.

[0015] Preferably, in the copper-clad reinforcement material, the mass ratio of copper to reinforcement material is 1-6:1.

[0016] Preferably, the particle size of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 500-3000 mesh.

[0017] Preferably, the surfacing is performed using a CMT welding process, with a welding short-circuit frequency of 50-170 Hz; and / or a welding current of 70-130 A and a welding voltage of 7-13 V.

[0018] Preferably, the welding speed of the surfacing process is 8-12 mm / s.

[0019] Preferably, the babbitt alloy wire comprises, by mass percentage, 7.5%-12% Sb, 3.5%-6.5% Cu and the balance Sn.

[0020] Preferably, the wire feeding speed of the babbitt alloy wire is 8-12 m / min.

[0021] Preferably, the powder feeding speed of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 3-14 g / min.

[0022] Preferably, the powder feeding position of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 4-8 mm horizontally away from the center line of the welding arc, and is 2-6 mm vertically away from the surface of the workpiece substrate.

[0023] A babbitt alloy shaft liner is produced by the additive production method of a babbitt alloy shaft liner described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0024] A preparation device for a babbitt alloy shaft lining, suitable for the additive preparation method for a babbitt alloy shaft lining described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments, comprises a welding gun, a powder feeding device and an ultrasonic radiation rod, the powder feeding device and the ultrasonic radiation rod are fixed to the welding gun by a crab clamp, and the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device and the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod are both located in a molten pool.

[0025] Preferably, the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device is at a horizontal distance of 4-8 mm from the center line of the conductive nozzle on the welding gun, and at a vertical distance of 2-6 mm from the surface of the workpiece substrate.

[0026] Preferably, the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod is at a horizontal distance of 6-10 mm from the center line of the conductive nozzle on the welding gun, and at a vertical distance of 2-6 mm from the surface of the workpiece substrate.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] Coating copper on the surface of reinforcing materials such as graphite, carbon fiber, and glass fiber can increase their density and reduce the density difference between them and Babbitt alloy. The present invention adds them to the molten pool in the form of copper coating, which can suppress the floating caused by too low density, thereby suppressing the component segregation caused by the floating of the above-mentioned reinforcing materials; at the same time, the copper particles coated on the outside of the reinforcing material can be combined with the elements in the Babbitt alloy in the molten pool, thereby enhancing the continuity and uniformity of reinforcing materials such as graphite powder, carbon fiber, and glass fiber and the Babbitt alloy matrix, and further suppressing the component segregation caused by the floating of graphite powder, carbon fiber, and glass fiber. In addition, the present invention directly adds the copper-coated reinforcing material to the molten pool, which can avoid the high energy density of the arc from burning the reinforcing material.

[0029] The method of the present invention can improve the distribution uniformity of reinforcing materials such as graphite, carbon fiber, and glass fiber in the babbitt alloy, improve the bonding strength between the reinforcing material and the babbitt alloy matrix, improve the strength of the babbitt alloy shaft liner, and reduce the friction coefficient of the babbitt alloy shaft liner. The preparation device provided by the present invention can realize the automatic addition of the reinforcing material, thereby greatly simplifying the production process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram and a working schematic diagram of a Babbitt alloy bushing preparation device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 1 and 2 are fiber structure diagrams of Babbitt alloy bushings prepared in different embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention, wherein (a) is comparative example 1, (b) is comparative example 2, (c) is example 2, and (d) is example 1.

[0033] Reference numerals:

[0034] 1-workpiece substrate; 2-molten pool solidification front; 3-solidification area; 4-ultrasonic radiation rod; 5-powder feeding device; 6-argon gas; 7-wire feeding wheel; 8-Babbitt alloy wire; 9-electrode clamp; 10-conductive nozzle; 11-crab claw clamp; 12-welding gun. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are part of embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. If specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified in the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0036] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for additively preparing a babbitt alloy bushing, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Babbitt alloy wire is used as cladding material, and cladding is performed on the surface of a workpiece substrate. During the cladding process, copper-clad reinforcement material is fed into the molten pool in the form of synchronous powder feeding. The copper-clad reinforcement material includes at least one of copper-clad graphite powder, copper-clad carbon fiber, and copper-clad glass fiber.

[0038] In the prior art, glass fiber, carbon fiber and / or graphite are usually added in a semi-solid or molten state, but because their density is much lower than that of babbitt alloy, it is difficult to evenly distribute them in the melt. After the babbitt alloy wire containing glass fiber, carbon fiber and / or graphite is prepared, the instantaneous energy of the arc is too high during arc addition, which will cause the glass fiber, carbon fiber and graphite to burn and float, making it difficult to achieve effective and even addition of glass fiber, carbon fiber and graphite.

[0039] In view of the above problems, the present invention adds reinforcing materials such as graphite powder, carbon fiber, glass fiber, etc. into the molten pool in the form of copper coating, which can reduce the density difference between them and the babbitt alloy, thereby inhibiting the component segregation caused by the reinforcing material floating in the babbitt alloy melt due to its too small density; at the same time, the Cu coated on the outside of the reinforcing material can react with the elements in the babbitt alloy, and its affinity improves the continuity and uniformity of the reinforcing material and the babbitt alloy matrix; the method of the present invention can improve the distribution uniformity of reinforcing materials such as graphite powder, carbon fiber, glass fiber, etc. in the babbitt alloy shaft liner, thereby improving the bearing capacity and strength of the babbitt alloy shaft liner and reducing the friction coefficient of the babbitt alloy.

[0040] In addition, the traditional method of preparing the bushing is to directly feed the babbitt alloy wire containing graphite powder, carbon fiber and / or glass fiber into the high-temperature arc, which is easy to burn the reinforcing material. The method of the present invention directly adds the copper-coated reinforcing material to the molten pool, which can avoid the high energy density of the arc from burning the reinforcing materials such as graphite powder, carbon fiber, and glass fiber, and can further improve the performance of the babbitt alloy bushing.

[0041] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the babbitt alloy shaft liner further comprises the following steps: during the surfacing process, ultrasonic waves are continuously applied to the molten pool. The ultrasonic waves act on the alloy melt to form micro cavitation effects and acoustic streaming effects, which can promote the copper-clad reinforcement material to be more evenly dispersed in the entire alloy system, thereby improving the uniformity of the distribution of the reinforcement material.

[0042] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the frequency of the ultrasound is 10-40kHz, for example, it can be any point value among 10kHz, 15kHz, 20kHz, 25kHz, 30kHz, 35kHz, and 40kHz, or a range value consisting of any two point values; the ultrasonic power is 50-1000W, for example, it can be any point value among 50W, 100W, 200W, 300W, 400W, 500W, 600W, 700W, 800W, 900W, and 1000W, or a range value consisting of any two point values; if the ultrasonic power is too small, it is difficult to effectively promote the uniform distribution of the copper cladding material; if the ultrasonic power is too large, it will cause fluctuations in the molten pool and affect the quality of the surfacing surface.

[0043] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in the copper-clad reinforcement material, the mass ratio of copper to reinforcement material is 1-6:1, for example, it can be any point value among 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1 or a range value composed of any two point values; the ratio is controlled within this range, and the density of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 5.0-7.4 g / cm 3 , which is close to the density of Babbitt alloy, can better inhibit the component segregation caused by the floating of reinforcing materials such as graphite powder, carbon fiber, glass fiber in the alloy melt due to too low density; if the mass ratio of copper to reinforcing material is too small, the density increase is not obvious, and the effect of inhibiting floating is not good. If the mass ratio of copper to reinforcing material is too large, the content of reinforcing material will be relatively small, and the improvement effect on Babbitt alloy will be poor. Therefore, if the mass ratio of copper to reinforcing material is too large or too small, it will affect the performance of Babbitt alloy bushing. Controlling it within the above range can obtain better results.

[0044] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the particle size of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 500-3000 mesh, for example, it can be any point value among 500 mesh, 1000 mesh, 1500 mesh, 2000 mesh, 2500 mesh, 3000 mesh, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0045] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the copper-coated reinforcement material is obtained by depositing a copper layer on the surface of the reinforcement material by electroplating; first, the reinforcement material is passivated to increase its surface roughness, and then pure copper is used as an anode, the reinforcement material is used as a cathode, and copper sulfate is used as an electrolyte to perform electroplating to obtain the copper-coated reinforcement material.

[0046] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, a CMT welding process is used for surfacing welding, and the welding short-circuit frequency is 50-170 Hz, for example, it can be any point value among 50 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 120 Hz, 150 Hz, and 170 Hz, or a range value consisting of any two point values. In one short-circuit cycle, the welding wire undergoes arc-starting welding wire melting and short-circuit arc extinction, which is beneficial to the uniform addition of graphite powder, carbon fiber and / or glass fiber and reduces burning loss; and / or, the welding current is 70-130 A, and the welding voltage is 7-13 V. Typically but not restrictively, for example, the welding current can be any point value among 70 A, 80 A, 90 A, 100 A, 110 A, 120 A, and 130 A, or a range value consisting of any two point values, and the welding voltage can be any point value among 7 V, 8 V, 9 V, 10 V, 11 V, 12 V, and 13 V, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0047] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the welding speed of the surfacing process is 8-12 mm / s, for example, it can be any point value among 8 mm / s, 9 mm / s, 10 mm / s, 11 mm / s, 12 mm / s or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0048] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, during the cladding process, the dry extension length (such as Figure 1 In the embodiment, the distance between one end of the welding gun conductive tip close to the workpiece substrate and the surface of the workpiece substrate is 12-24 mm. For example, it can be any point value among 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm, 24 mm or a range value composed of any two point values.

[0049] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the babbitt alloy wire used is a tin-based babbitt alloy, and the reinforcing material is added to the tin-based babbitt alloy molten pool in the form of a copper coating. The Cu coated on the outside of the reinforcing material can react with the Sn element in the babbitt alloy to form a Cu6Sn5 solid solution, and its affinity improves the continuity and uniformity of the reinforcing material and the babbitt alloy matrix, and improves the bonding strength between the reinforcing material and the babbitt alloy matrix.

[0050] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the babbitt alloy wire used is a Sn-Sb-Cu ternary babbitt alloy, and the babbitt alloy wire comprises, by mass percentage, 7.5%-12% Sb, 3.5%-6.5% Cu and the balance Sn.

[0051] In some embodiments, typically but not limiting, for example, in the babbitt alloy wire, the mass percentage of Sb can be any value among 7.5%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, or a range consisting of any two values; the mass percentage of Cu can be any value among 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0052] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the wire feeding speed of the babbitt alloy wire is 8-12 m / min, for example, it can be any point value among 8 m / min, 9 m / min, 10 m / min, 11 m / min, 12 m / min, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0053] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the powder feeding rate of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 3-14 g / min, for example, it can be any point value among 3 g / min, 5 g / min, 8 g / min, 10 g / min, 12 g / min, 14 g / min, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0054] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal distance between the powder feeding position of the copper-clad reinforcement material and the center line of the welding arc (i.e., the center line of the conductive nozzle of the welding gun) is 4-8 mm, for example, it can be any point value among 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, and 8 mm, or a range value consisting of any two point values; the vertical distance between the powder feeding position and the surface of the workpiece substrate is 2-6 mm, for example, it can be any point value among 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, and 6 mm, or a range value consisting of any two point values.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the side of the molten pool close to the workpiece substrate surface solidifies faster, and the vertical distance between the powder feeding position and the workpiece substrate surface is too small. After adding, it is easy to solidify quickly, which is not conducive to the uniform dispersion of the powder. At the same time, the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device is also easy to solidify, making it difficult to perform surfacing. The vertical distance between the powder feeding position and the workpiece substrate surface is too large, and the powder is easily blown out of the molten pool. The horizontal distance between the powder feeding position and the arc centerline is too close, and the high energy of the arc will cause graphite, carbon fiber, glass fiber and other reinforcing materials to burn. The powder feeding position is too far from the arc centerline, and the molten pool solidifies, which is not conducive to the uniform dispersion of the reinforcing materials. The powder feeding end of the powder feeding device is also easy to solidify, making it difficult to perform surfacing.

[0056] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, before surfacing welding, the steps of degreasing, derusting and drying the surface of the workpiece substrate are also included to ensure the cleanliness of the surface to be welded.

[0057] The second aspect of the present invention provides a babbitt alloy shaft liner, which is prepared by the additive preparation method of the babbitt alloy shaft liner described in any one of the above embodiments. The babbitt alloy shaft liner provided by the present invention has high tensile strength, high bearing capacity and low friction coefficient.

[0058] The third aspect of the present invention provides a preparation device for a babbitt alloy shaft liner, which is suitable for the additive preparation method of a babbitt alloy shaft liner described in any of the aforementioned embodiments, comprising a welding gun 12, a powder feeding device 5 and an ultrasonic radiation rod 4, the powder feeding device 5 and the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 are fixed to the welding gun 12 by a crab clamp 11, the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device 5 and the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 are both located in the molten pool, the powder feeding device 5 is used to add copper-clad reinforcement material to the molten pool, the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 is used to apply ultrasonic waves to the molten pool, the powder feeding device 5 and the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 are fixed to the welding gun 12, the purpose is to make them move synchronously with the welding gun 12, and the relative position with the conductive nozzle 10 on the welding gun 12 remains unchanged, when CMT welding is started, the powder feeding device 5 and the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 are opened at the same time to achieve synchronous powder feeding and synchronous application of ultrasonic waves to the molten pool.

[0059] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal distance between the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device and the center line of the conductive nozzle 10 is 4-8mm, for example, it can be any point value among 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, and 8mm, or a range value composed of any two point values; the vertical distance from the surface of the workpiece substrate is 2-6mm, for example, it can be any point value among 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, and 6mm, or a range value composed of any two point values; controlling the position of the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device 5 within the above range can not only prevent the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device 5 from being solidified during the surfacing process, making surfacing difficult, but also prevent the powder from being blown out of the molten pool, and also avoid burning of the reinforcing material.

[0060] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the horizontal distance between the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 and the center line of the conductive nozzle 10 is 6-10mm, for example, it can be any point value among 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm or a range value composed of any two point values; the vertical distance from the surface of the workpiece substrate is 2-6mm, for example, it can be any point value among 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm or a range value composed of any two point values; controlling the position of the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 within the above range can not only prevent the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 from being solidified during the surfacing process, but also better promote the uniform dispersion of the copper-clad reinforcement material.

[0061] The working process of surfacing welding using the device is as follows: clean the surface to be welded of the workpiece substrate 1, place the welding gun 12 above the surface to be welded of the workpiece substrate 1, place the babbitt alloy wire 8 in the wire feeding wheel 7, start CMT welding, and turn on the powder feeding device 5 and the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 at the same time. The babbitt alloy wire 8 enters the conductive nozzle 10 of the welding gun 12 driven by the wire feeding wheel 7, and a welding arc is formed under the action of the electrode clamp 9. The babbitt alloy wire 8 melts to form a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece substrate 1, and argon gas 6 flows out through the conductive nozzle 10 to prevent the molten pool from solidifying. The front edge 2 is oxidized, the powder feeding device 5 feeds the copper-clad reinforcement material into the molten pool, the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 is used to apply ultrasonic waves to the molten pool to promote the uniform dispersion of the copper-clad reinforcement material, the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device 5 is located behind the movement direction of the welding gun 12, and the horizontal distance from the center line of the conductive nozzle 10 is about 4-8mm, and the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod 4 is located behind the movement direction of the welding gun 12, and the horizontal distance from the center line of the conductive nozzle 10 is about 6-10mm. Within this position range, it can not only achieve its function, but also avoid being fixed by the solidification area 3.

[0062] In the following, some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with specific application examples. The raw materials used in the examples can be purchased from the market unless otherwise specified. The following examples and comparative example 2 are all implemented using the preparation device provided by the present invention.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] In this embodiment, a tin-based babbitt alloy bushing is prepared by using a tin-based babbitt alloy wire and a copper-coated carbon fiber. The tin-based babbitt alloy wire includes 7.5% Sb, 3.5% Cu and a balance of Sn by mass percentage, and has a diameter of 1.6 mm. The copper-coated carbon fiber is obtained by electroplating, and the carbon fiber length is 10-50 μm. The mass ratio of copper to carbon fiber is 4:1.

[0065] The preparation method of the babbitt alloy bushing comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1. Degreasing, rust removal and drying of the surface of the C25 carbon structural steel substrate;

[0067] S2. Place the babbitt alloy wire in the wire feeding wheel and the copper-clad carbon fiber in the powder feeding device, the vertical distance between the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device and the substrate surface is 3 mm, and the horizontal distance from the center line of the conductive nozzle is 6 mm. Start the CMT welding device and turn on the powder feeding device to perform surfacing welding to prepare the babbitt alloy shaft lining; wherein the welding short-circuit frequency is 150 Hz, the wire feeding speed is 10 m / min, the welding current is 120 A, the welding voltage is 12 V, the welding speed is 10 mm / s, the powder feeding speed of the copper-clad carbon fiber is 6 g / min, and no ultrasound is applied.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Example 2 is similar to Example 1, with the only difference being that during the surfacing process, ultrasound is applied to the molten pool through an ultrasonic radiation rod, the vertical distance between the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod and the surface of the workpiece substrate is 4 mm, the horizontal distance between the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod and the center line of the conductive nozzle is 8 mm, the ultrasonic frequency is 15 kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 100 W; the other conditions are the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] Example 3 is similar to Example 2, with the only difference being that in the copper-coated carbon fiber, the mass ratio of copper to carbon fiber is 1:1, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 2.

[0072] Example 4

[0073] Example 4 is similar to Example 2, with the only difference being that in the copper-coated carbon fiber, the mass ratio of copper to carbon fiber is 6:1, and the other conditions are the same as those in Example 2.

[0074] Example 5

[0075] Example 5 is similar to Example 2, with the only difference being that the ultrasonic power is 1000W, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 2.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] In Comparative Example 1, a conventional method is adopted to melt a babbitt alloy having the same composition as that of the babbitt alloy wire in Example 1, add carbon fiber and copper used for coating the carbon fiber, and stir and mix to prepare a babbitt alloy wire containing carbon fiber (wherein, the amounts of babbitt alloy, carbon fiber and Cu are the same as those in Example 1 to ensure the same composition of the molten pool). The babbitt alloy wire containing carbon fiber is directly used for surfacing welding on the surface of a C25 carbon structural steel substrate without synchronous powder feeding and without applying ultrasonic waves in the molten pool. The other process parameters and amounts not mentioned are the same as those in Example 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 2

[0079] Comparative Example 2 is similar to Example 2, with the only difference that copper is not coated on the surface of the carbon fiber, and equal amounts of carbon fiber and equal amounts of copper powder are directly mixed and simultaneously fed into the molten pool through a powder feeding device, and the other conditions are the same as those of Example 2.

[0080] Test example

[0081] The tensile strength and friction coefficient of the babbitt alloy bushing prepared in each embodiment and each comparative example were tested respectively. The tensile strength was tested according to "GB / T 228.1-2010 Metallic Material Tensile Test Part 1_Room Temperature Test Method Standard", and the friction coefficient was tested according to "GJB 8613-2015 Determination of Friction Coefficient of Vulcanized Rubber and Metal". The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1

[0083] Friction coefficient Tensile strength / MPa Example 1 0.26 84 Example 2 0.19 88 Example 3 0.25 85 Example 4 0.26 83 Example 5 0.28 82 Comparative Example 1 0.34 78 Comparative Example 2 0.30 80

[0084] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the carbon fiber distribution in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is uneven, and in Comparative Example 1, since the carbon fiber is directly added to the babbitt alloy wire, the carbon fiber is easily burned and floated under the high energy impact of arc additive, resulting in a sharp reduction in the effect of carbon fiber addition. Comparative Example 2 is not subjected to the high energy impact of the arc, but the density difference greatly reduces the amount of carbon fiber added. In Example 1, copper-coated carbon fiber is directly added to the molten pool, and the density is close to that of tin-based babbitt alloy, and the carbon fiber distribution is relatively uniform. After applying ultrasound in Example 2, the carbon fiber distribution is more uniform.

[0085] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with specific embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, this means that all such replacements and modifications within the scope of the present invention are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for additively preparing a babbitt alloy bushing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Using babbitt alloy wire as cladding material, cladding is performed on the surface of a workpiece substrate. During the cladding process, copper-clad reinforcement material is fed into the molten pool in the form of synchronous powder feeding. The copper-clad reinforcement material includes at least one of copper-clad graphite powder, copper-clad carbon fiber, and copper-clad glass fiber.

2. The additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: During the surfacing process, ultrasonic waves are continuously applied into the molten pool.

3. The additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 10-40kHz, and the power is 50-1000W.

4. The additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the copper-clad reinforcement material, the mass ratio of copper to the reinforcement material is 1-6:

1.

5. The additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 500-3000 meshes.

6. The additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Meet at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The surfacing is performed using a CMT welding process, with a welding short-circuit frequency of 50-170 Hz; and / or a welding current of 70-130 A and a welding voltage of 7-13 V; (2) The welding speed of the surfacing process is 8-12 mm / s; (3) The babbitt alloy wire comprises, by mass percentage, 7.5%-12% Sb, 3.5%-6.5% Cu and the balance Sn; (4) The wire feeding speed of the babbitt alloy wire is 8-12 m / min; (5) The powder feeding speed of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 3-14 g / min.

7. The additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder feeding position of the copper-clad reinforcement material is 4-8 mm horizontally away from the center line of the welding arc, and is 2-6 mm vertically away from the surface of the workpiece substrate.

8. A babbitt alloy bushing, characterized in that: It is produced by the additive manufacturing method of the babbitt alloy bushing as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. A preparation device for a babbitt alloy bushing, characterized in that: An additive preparation method for a babbitt alloy bushing applicable to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a welding gun, a powder feeding device and an ultrasonic radiation rod, wherein the powder feeding device and the ultrasonic radiation rod are fixed to the welding gun by a crab clamp, and the powder feeding end of the powder feeding device and the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod are both located in the molten pool.

10. The preparation device of the babbitt alloy bushing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The powder feeding end of the powder feeding device is 4-8 mm horizontally away from the center line of the conductive nozzle on the welding gun, and 2-6 mm vertically away from the surface of the workpiece substrate; And / or, the horizontal distance between the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod and the center line of the conductive nozzle on the welding gun is 6-10 mm, and the vertical distance between the output end of the ultrasonic radiation rod and the surface of the workpiece substrate is 2-6 mm.

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