Construction method of floating array breakwater

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of marine engineering technology, and specifically refers to a method for constructing a floating array breakwater. The construction method of the present invention is used to construct a floating array breakwater formed by multiple wave-breaking structures on the wave-facing side of the area to be protected. The wave-breaking structure is a floating hollow columnar structure, arranged in an array manner, and stabilized in the installation sea area by a common anchor block. The wave-breaking structure is installed in coordination with the buoyancy adjustment method, and is disassembled and installed according to the location of the construction area, forming a circulating flow-type operation construction. The floating array breakwater of the present application has a simple structure and convenient construction operation. It can provide good wave protection for the construction area, and the overall construction efficiency is extremely high. The breakwater is circulated and used, which greatly saves the use and manufacturing costs. The number of anchor blocks and anchor cables used in the breakwater is small, and the construction efficiency is extremely high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of marine engineering, and in particular to a method for constructing a floating array breakwater. Background Art

[0002] With the continued development and utilization of marine resources, the development of the marine industry, and the interconnection of maritime transportation infrastructure, the demand for deep-sea projects will continue to grow. As marine infrastructure moves into deep waters offshore, the complex and harsh construction environment presents new challenges for project construction and operation and maintenance. Chinese companies are increasingly involved in international marine engineering construction. The Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and Atlantic coasts are plagued by harsh wave conditions with long periods and extreme wave heights. Long-period waves in the deep sea significantly impact the safety and service life of structures during marine engineering construction and operation and maintenance, and effective wave-breaking technologies are still lacking. Wave-breaking technologies for strong surges and long-period waves in deep-sea environments have become a key, common technical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in port engineering construction.

[0003] Existing breakwaters are primarily categorized as bottom-supported, truncated, and floating breakwaters. For deep offshore waters, bottom-supported and truncated breakwaters are difficult and costly to construct, and are also unsuitable for temporary protection. Floating breakwaters, on the other hand, can adapt to greater water depths, weak foundations, large tidal ranges, and introduce water exchange to improve harbor water quality. Floating breakwaters can be used as permanent or temporary structures and are widely used in areas such as protecting deepwater harbors and docks, serving as temporary berthing areas for ships, protecting aquaculture and seaside resorts, protecting offshore construction sites, protecting offshore military mobile docks, and serving as wave-breaking measures for maritime disaster prevention and emergency response.

[0004] The floating protective structure uses a floating body to interfere with the movement of water particles in the waves, preventing the waves from propagating or breaking them. It is composed of a wave-breaking float and a mooring system. For example, the prior art entitled A floating breakwater structure with a wave-breaking chamber and a wave-breaking plate and its construction method introduces a construction method of a floating breakwater structure, which includes the following steps: S1, prefabricating the pontoon part in the factory, and pre-embedding the embedded parts of the mooring system part, the connection part, and the ancillary facilities part into the pontoon part; S2, transporting the prefabricated pontoon part, the mooring system part, the connection part, and the ancillary facilities part in batches to the construction and installation site; S3, measuring and positioning, and constructing the mooring foundation of the mooring system part; after completion, connect each mooring foundation to the tail of the corresponding anchor chain, and conduct an on-site tensile test; after the tensile force meets the requirements, the anchor chain is pressed The preset scheme is laid flat on the seabed; the end of the anchor chain is fixed with a steel wire rope and a pick-up buoy, and the end of the anchor chain floats on the sea surface by relying on the pick-up buoy and is set near the pre-installed position of the pontoon part; S4, the first section of the pontoon part 1 is floated into place, and the end of the anchor chain is passed through the chain guide channel 23 using a steel wire rope; the anchor chain is symmetrically lifted using a winch until the tension of the anchor chain meets the requirements; S5, the steps described in S4 are used to install the next section of the pontoon part; after the next section of the pontoon part is installed, the adjacent pontoon parts are connected together through the connecting part; S6, S5 is repeated until all the pontoon parts are installed; S7, the auxiliary facilities are installed on the pontoon part. The structure is composed of standard sections of pontoon parts connected in series. The wave-breaking chamber is set on the wave-facing side and the wave-back side of the pontoon part, which can effectively dissipate the incident wave energy, reduce the transmitted wave, and reduce the radiation wave generated by the oscillation of the pontoon part. However, this structure also has some problems. This type of breakwater is only effective against short-period waves within 3 to 5 seconds, and has poor wave-breaking effects on strong surges and long-period waves, making it impossible to effectively protect marine structures. In addition, since this structure connects adjacent pontoon sections in series, each pontoon section corresponds to a number of anchor chain structures. On the one hand, although the stability of the pontoon sections connected in series is improved, the wave-breaking effect is actually reduced. The series structure is difficult to construct in practice, which reduces construction efficiency. Each pontoon section has its own corresponding mooring system, and the number of corresponding anchor chains is large. The on-site construction is complicated and the operation is extremely difficult, which seriously affects the construction of the breakwater. In addition, the breakwater structure cannot be recycled. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide a method for constructing a floating array breakwater.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is: a method for constructing a floating array breakwater, wherein the floating array breakwater comprises a plurality of wave-breaking structures and a plurality of anchor blocks; the wave-breaking structures are hollow cylindrical structures with inflow holes on their back sides capable of floating on the sea surface; the wave-breaking structures are provided with buoyancy adjustment structures; the plurality of wave-breaking structures are arranged in an array in longitudinal columns and transverse rows to form a breakwater; the anchor blocks are fixed to the seabed of the sea area where the breakwater is located, and are fixedly connected to the surrounding adjacent wave-breaking structures by anchor cables, so that the wave-breaking structures float on the sea surface in a state where they are partially below the sea surface and partially above the sea surface;

[0007] The construction method includes:

[0008] Based on sea conditions, the size of the construction area, and the required shelter area, design the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwater, the structural dimensions, planar position coordinates, and draft of the wave-breaking structure, and the type, weight, planar position coordinates, and length of the anchor block;

[0009] Transport the anchor blocks to the designed construction sea area and arrange them in the designed breakwater layout area;

[0010] The assembled wave-breaking structure is hoisted into the water, and multiple wave-breaking structures are connected and towed together to the breakwater construction area;

[0011] Install a wave-breaking structure in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the current construction area, adjust the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure, and use anchor cables to connect the wave-breaking structure to the corresponding anchor block below;

[0012] Adjust the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable to complete the installation of a single wave-breaking structure, and continue in sequence until all wave-breaking structures within the breakwater layout area corresponding to the current construction area are installed;

[0013] When construction starts, the construction area moves along the construction direction. The wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position is dismantled and transferred to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed. It is installed according to the above method to form an array breakwater corresponding to the next construction area.

[0014] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for designing the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure includes: constructing the breakwater array lattice dimensions according to the following formula:

[0015] 2dsinθ=(n+1 / 2)λ

[0016] Where: d is the longitudinal distance between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures in the floating array breakwater;

[0017] θ is the angle of incidence of the wave relative to the wave-breaking structure;

[0018] λ – wavelength of the wave;

[0019] n——natural number, 0, 1, 2, 3…

[0020] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of hoisting the assembled wave-breaking structure into the water includes: hoisting the wave-breaking structure into the water so that the side of the wave-breaking structure with the inflow hole faces downward and lies horizontally in the water.

[0021] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of connecting multiple wave-breaking structures and towing them together to the breakwater construction sea area includes: towing multiple wave-breaking structures lying horizontally in the water in a head-to-stern manner to the breakwater construction sea area.

[0022] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for adjusting the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure includes: flipping the wave-breaking structure from a horizontal state to a vertical state through the buoyancy adjustment structure, and gradually adjusting the buoyancy of the entire wave-breaking structure so that the wave-breaking structure sinks to the maximum draft position.

[0023] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of using an anchor cable to connect a wave-breaking structure with a corresponding anchor block below includes: passing the upper end of the anchor cable through a ring-shaped anchor point on the wave-breaking structure, and using multiple bolt tighteners to securely connect the anchor cable to the ring-shaped anchor point, and fixedly connecting the lower end of the anchor cable to the corresponding anchor block below.

[0024] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable includes: gradually increasing the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure until the draft of the wave-breaking structure reaches the design depth, adjusting the tension of the anchor cable so that the anchor cable is in a tensioned state, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to the net buoyancy value of the design working state.

[0025] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position and transferring it to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed includes: dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area, and transferring the dismantled wave-breaking structure to the front of the current breakwater array along the construction direction to form a new breakwater array.

[0026] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the location where construction is completed in the current construction area includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to sink the wave-breaking structure, releasing the connection between the anchor cable and the anchor block, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to raise the wave-breaking structure to a floating state.

[0027] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided by the present application, a group of anchor blocks are pre-installed in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area in front of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area. After dismantling several rows of wave-breaking structures at the rear of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area, the dismantled wave-breaking structures are installed on the anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area. The anchor blocks with the wave-breaking structures dismantled are simultaneously hoisted to the area in front of a group of anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area of ​​the next construction area for installation.

[0028] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the method for designing the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwater includes: designing the column length of the floating array breakwater to be 1.0 to 1.2 times the length of the area to be protected.

[0029] According to a floating array breakwater construction method provided in the present application, the design depth is greater than half the water depth of the current sea area.

[0030] The advantages of the present application are as follows: 1. The present application constructs a floating array breakwater by utilizing a columnar wave-breaking structure, which has a simple installation structure and high breakwater construction efficiency. The structure can be rotated along the construction direction, and a small number of wave-breaking structures can be used to complete construction operations over a large area, thereby significantly saving costs. The wave-breaking structure of the present application has a good wave-breaking effect and is easy to install and operate. The number of anchor blocks used can be reduced by sharing a small number of anchor blocks, which significantly reduces the number of anchor blocks and anchor cables used, making the overall construction more convenient and simple, and further improving construction efficiency.

[0031] 2. The method of constructing the breakwater array lattice in this application is very simple. The arrangement size of adjacent wave-breaking structures can be accurately calculated according to the incident angle and wavelength of the wave, so that the breakwater can achieve good wave-breaking effect. The precisely constructed breakwater fully conforms to the current sea conditions, has excellent adaptability, and has excellent wave-breaking and shielding effects on the construction area.

[0032] 3. In the process of transporting the wave-breaking structure, the present application designs a special transport method based on the structure of the wave-breaking structure. By lying horizontally with the inflow hole facing downward, the wave-breaking structure can be stably floated on the water surface, which is convenient for towing. A large number of wave-breaking structures can be transported by small boats for construction, thereby improving construction efficiency, eliminating the need for large boats, and significantly reducing construction costs.

[0033] 4. This application connects the horizontal wave-breaking structures end to end for towing, which is simple to operate. The towed wave-breaking structures are in good order. The long strip connection form is convenient for one-by-one construction operations, which improves the efficiency of towing and installation of the wave-breaking structures.

[0034] 5. The present application arranges a ring anchor point on the wave-breaking structure, which facilitates the quick fixing of the anchor cable to the wave-breaking structure when connecting the wave-breaking structure and the anchor block, making the connection construction of the anchor cable extremely simple and easier to operate.

[0035] 6. The present application provides a very simple adjustment method for the wave-breaking structure. The wave-breaking structure has a self-adjusting buoyancy function, which can be used to obtain the desired design draft. The buoyancy can then be adjusted in conjunction with the anchor cable to tension the anchor cable, so that the tensioned anchor cable stably constrains the wave-breaking structure to the set installation coordinates. The wave-breaking structure is stably arranged, and the entire construction process does not require any lifting equipment, making the operation simple.

[0036] 7. The wave-breaking structure of this application is constructed in a circular flow-type manner. After the construction of the current protection area is completed, the breakwater wave-breaking structure corresponding to the current protection area can be dismantled and moved to the next protection area. The wave-breaking structure can be recycled, which greatly reduces the manufacturing and use costs of the breakwater.

[0037] 8. This application makes it extremely convenient to dismantle the wave-breaking structure. By adjusting the buoyancy, the anchor cable can be loosened, making it easy to disconnect. An underwater robot or diver can quickly disconnect the anchor block from the wave-breaking structure, making dismantling quick and efficient.

[0038] 9. The dismantling of the wave-breaking structure of this application is coordinated according to the construction progress of the construction area. The wave-breaking structure is gradually transferred to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area. The construction of the construction area and the breakwater can be carried out simultaneously, which greatly saves time and further improves construction efficiency.

[0039] 10. The pre-installed anchor blocks of the present application are used to dismantle the installation arrangement of the wave-breaking structure, which can avoid the most time-consuming anchor block hoisting operation during the breakwater construction process, which affects the overall construction efficiency. The removal and installation of the wave-breaking structure and the hoisting of the anchor blocks can be carried out completely independently. The hoisting of the anchor blocks will not affect the installation of the wave-breaking structure, further improving the efficiency of the construction operation.

[0040] 11. The array length of the breakwater array constructed in this application is greater than the length of the area to be protected corresponding to the construction area, ensuring that the formed breakwater can completely cover the required construction area and provide complete wave protection for the construction area;

[0041] 12. The design depth of the wave-breaking structure of this application exceeds half the water depth of the current sea area. The wave-breaking structure arranged in this way can maintain a good wave-breaking effect while avoiding the problems of difficulty in construction and reduced construction efficiency.

[0042] The floating array breakwater of the present application has a simple structure and is easy to construct and operate. It can provide good wave protection for the construction area and has extremely high overall construction efficiency. The breakwater can be circulated and reused, which greatly saves the use and manufacturing costs. The breakwater uses a small number of anchor blocks and anchor cables, and the construction efficiency is extremely high, which has great promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the floating array breakwater of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of the relationship between wave incident and wave dissipation structure of the present application;

[0045] Figure 3 : Schematic diagram of the connection between the wave-breaking structure and the anchor block of the present application;

[0046] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of the floating operation of the wave-breaking structure of the present application;

[0047] Figure 5 : Breakwater construction flow chart of this application;

[0048] Figure 6 : Flow chart of the breakwater circulating water protection operation of this application;

[0049] Among them: 1—wave-breaking structure; 2—anchor block; 3—anchor cable; 4—ring anchor point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0051] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0053] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0054] The present application relates to a method for constructing a floating array breakwater. The breakwater of the present application is a floating array structure. The monomers constituting the breakwater structure are wave-breaking structures. The wave-breaking structures of the present application are hollow, columnar, floatable structures. Inflow holes are provided on the wave-dorsal side of the wave-breaking structures. The wave-breaking structures are restricted to the breakwater construction area by anchor blocks. The wave-breaking structures are arranged in an array structure in horizontal rows and vertical columns. The breakwater formed is located on the wave-facing side of the construction area, i.e., the area to be protected, and is used to prevent waves from interfering with and affecting the construction area. When waves enter the breakwater, they impact the wave-breaking structure. After passing through the wave-breaking structure, the waves are diffracted and flow into the interior of the wave-breaking structure through the inflow holes of the wave-breaking structure. Helmholtz resonance occurs in the hollow interior of the wave-breaking structure, thereby being eliminated, achieving the desired wave-breaking effect. In actual use, waves that impact the surrounding wave-breaking structures are reflected by the wave-breaking structures and re-enter the wave-breaking structures for dissipation. Therefore, the breakwater of the present application has an excellent wave-breaking effect and an excellent shielding effect on the construction area. At the same time, since the wave-breaking structures of the present application are arranged in an array, the anchor blocks used to fix the wave-breaking structures are also arranged in an array, and the array-arranged anchor blocks are fixed to the surrounding wave-breaking structures through anchor cables. Most of the anchor blocks can be shared by multiple wave-breaking structures, which is equivalent to reducing the number of anchor blocks used, greatly reducing the cost of the breakwater, and also greatly promoting the fixed installation of the wave-breaking structure, simplifying the construction of the breakwater, and making the subsequent demolition operations simpler. In terms of construction methods, the present application does not construct all breakwaters from the beginning. The present application only constructs a section of breakwater for the current construction area each time, and then as the construction area continues to move, the breakwater follows the moving direction of the construction area to remove the wave-breaking structure at the back and move to the front to re-form the breakwater. Only a small number of wave-breaking structures are needed to complete the breakwater construction operations in all construction areas, further reducing the manufacturing and construction costs of the entire breakwater. At the same time, the circulating flow operation combined with the construction of the construction area can effectively improve the efficiency of construction.

[0055] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the wave-breaking structure 1 of the present application. The wave-breaking structure 1 includes a pontoon structure and a floating body structure. The pontoon structure is a plate-like structure (or a ring-like structure) formed by splicing together a plurality of pontoon units with buoyancy adjustment function. The pontoon structure is the base part of the entire wave-breaking structure 1. The pontoon unit has the function of buoyancy adjustment. By adjusting the buoyancy of the pontoon unit, the buoyancy of the entire wave-breaking structure 1 can be adjusted, and the floating state of the entire wave-breaking structure 1 can be changed to meet different wave-breaking requirements. A ballast tank is constructed in the pontoon unit of the present application. The ballast tank can adjust the buoyancy of the entire pontoon unit by setting water inlet and water outlet structures to change the gravity of the entire ballast tank, or the ballast tank can adjust the buoyancy of the entire pontoon unit by changing the volume of the airbag by setting an adjustable airbag structure in the ballast tank, or a combination of the two, as long as the buoyancy of the pontoon unit is adjusted.

[0056] The floating structure is a hollow cylindrical structure with an inflow hole on the wave-proof side, formed by splicing multiple floating modules together. The floating structure is fixed to the pontoon structure to form a cylindrical floating wave-canceling chamber that floats on the water surface. The floating structure is the main part of the entire wave-canceling structure 1 and constitutes the wave-canceling chamber of the wave-canceling structure 1. Waves flow into the floating structure through the inflow hole on the floating structure, generating Helmholtz resonance within the hollow floating structure, achieving excellent wave-canceling effect.

[0057] The floating structure of the present application includes a plurality of floating modules, which are sequentially spliced ​​vertically. The floating module includes a plurality of floating units, which are sequentially spliced ​​circumferentially to form a columnar floating module with an opening on the back side of the wave. Figure 3 As shown, the inflow hole penetrates the floating structure from bottom to top, making the back-wave side of the floating structure an open structure. The inner wall of the floating structure is an arc-shaped hollow columnar structure. The floating structure is a hollow columnar structure formed by sequentially splicing multiple layers of floating modules. The single-layer floating module is a columnar structure with an open side. The open side of the floating module is the inflow hole. The multiple layers of floating modules are sequentially stacked to form the required floating structure. Therefore, from the overall structural point of view, the floating structure is a hollow columnar structure with an open side. The top view of the floating structure is a C-shaped structure. The inner side of the floating structure is an arc-shaped structure, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, the inner side of the floating structure of this embodiment is cylindrical. Designing the inner side of the floating structure as an arc-shaped structure can enhance the effect of Helmholtz resonance and improve the wave-breaking effect. In practical applications, the shape of the floating structure's internal structure is not limited, as long as it can achieve the desired wave-breaking effect. A cylindrical structure inside the floating structure is an optimized solution.

[0058] The breakwater of the present application comprises a plurality of wave-breaking structures 1, anchor blocks 2 and anchor cables 3. The plurality of wave-breaking structures 1 are arranged in an array pattern in which the structures are arranged in longitudinal columns and transverse rows. The transverse direction of the breakwater of the present application refers to the longitudinal direction of the breakwater. Figure 1 The left and right directions in this application refer to Figure 1In the up-down direction, the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction intersect perpendicularly, and a plurality of wave-breaking structures 1 are arranged at equal intervals in the transverse direction and at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction, forming an array arrangement pattern.

[0059] The anchor block 2 is an anchoring structure fixed to the seabed between adjacent wave-breaking structures 1. The anchor block 2 of the present application is located between adjacent wave-breaking structures 1, and adjacent wave-breaking structures 1 can share the anchor block 2. This can greatly reduce the number of anchor blocks 2, greatly reduce the cost and construction cost of the entire breakwater, and make the construction of the breakwater simpler and more efficient.

[0060] The upper end of the anchor cable 3 is anchored to the wave-breaking structure 1, and the lower end is tensioned and adjustable and connected to the anchor block 2. The anchor cable 3 is a cable structure connecting the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2. It is used to fix the wave-breaking structure 1 to the anchor block 2, confine the wave-breaking structure 1 to the set sea area and make it at the set water depth. Figure 1 As shown, each wave-breaking structure 1 of the present application is fixed by four anchor cables 3, which are respectively placed on both sides of the horizontal and vertical sides of the wave-breaking structure 1. A reeling structure is installed on the anchor cables 3 to adjust the length of the anchor cables 3.

[0061] The present application provides a floating array breakwater construction method, and the specific construction method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0062] S1. Based on sea conditions, the size of the construction area, and the required shelter area, design the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwaters, the structural dimensions, planar position coordinates, and draft of the wave-breaking structure 1, and the type, weight, planar position coordinates, and length of the anchor block 2 and anchor cable 3.

[0063] The floating array breakwater needs to be able to completely cover the construction area, provide a good construction environment for the construction area, and avoid excessive wave interference and influence on the construction area; after demarcating the layout area of ​​the floating array breakwater, the array arrangement size of the corresponding wave-breaking structure 1 can be designed according to the wave characteristics of the current sea area, and the corresponding corresponding installation coordinates are determined. The draft of the wave-breaking structure 1 can be determined according to the water depth of the current waters; after determining the installation coordinates and structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure 1, the connection form of the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2 can be determined. The type of anchor block 2 (the type of anchor block 2 mainly refers to the anchor blocks 2 at different installation positions, including internal anchor blocks 2 located inside the array of wave-breaking structures 1, edge anchor blocks 2 located at the edge of the array of wave-breaking structures 1, and outer corner anchor blocks 2 located at the four corners of the array of wave-breaking structures 1. The internal anchor blocks 2 are connected to four groups of surrounding wave-breaking structures 1, the edge anchor blocks 2 are connected to two groups of wave-breaking structures 1, and the outer corner anchor blocks 2 are connected to one group of wave-breaking structures 1). The plane position coordinates of the corresponding anchor block 2 can be determined. According to the water depth of the current water area and the corresponding plane position coordinates, the length of the corresponding anchor cable 3 can be determined.

[0064] S2, transport anchor block 2 to the designed construction sea area and arrange anchor block 2 in the designed breakwater arrangement area;

[0065] The present application does not arrange anchor blocks 2 in all breakwater arrangement areas at the beginning. The present application installs anchor blocks 2 in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the current construction area. The anchor blocks 2 and the wave-breaking structure 1 are recycled. The latter are removed and moved to the front for reuse. In this way, the construction operation of the breakwater in the entire construction area can be completed with a small number of anchor blocks 2, which greatly reduces the cost of the breakwater and the cost of use.

[0066] The construction of anchor block 2 is to lower it to the seabed according to the calculated plane position coordinates of anchor block 2 and fix anchor block 2 on the seabed;

[0067] S3, hoisting the assembled wave-breaking structure 1 into the water, connecting multiple wave-breaking structures 1 together and towing them together to the breakwater construction sea area;

[0068] The wave-breaking structure 1 is assembled and formed according to the structure described above. Although the shape of the wave-breaking structure 1 is a regular columnar structure, it is relatively large in size. If multiple wave-breaking structures 1 are all transported by barge, the barge required for transportation must have a large space. The present application adopts another method to transport the wave-breaking structure 1. The wave-breaking structure 1 itself is a floating structure. The present application directly places the wave-breaking structure 1 in the water and transports it to the breakwater construction sea area by towing. The operation is simple and no large-scale shipping equipment is required.

[0069] S4. Install the wave-breaking structure 1 in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the current construction area, adjust the floating state of the wave-breaking structure 1 based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure 1, and connect the wave-breaking structure 1 to the corresponding anchor block 2 below using the anchor cable 3;

[0070] After the wave-breaking structure 1 is transported to the set position, the floating state of the wave-breaking structure 1 needs to be operated to facilitate the subsequent fixation of the wave-breaking structure 1. The wave-breaking structure 1 needs to float in the water in a vertical state, with the inflow hole or the opening side facing the construction area (that is, the side facing away from the wave inflow);

[0071] The wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2 are connected by an anchor cable 3, which is mainly operated by an underwater robot or a diver;

[0072] S5. Adjust the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 and the tension of the anchor cable 3 to complete the installation of a single wave-breaking structure 1. Repeat this process until all wave-breaking structures 1 within the breakwater layout area corresponding to the current construction area are installed.

[0073] After the wave-breaking structure 1 is completely fixed to the anchor block 2 by the anchor cable 3, the wave-breaking structure 1 floats on the water surface as designed, and the required installation and construction of the wave-breaking structure 1 is completed;

[0074] S6. Construction starts: The construction area moves along the construction direction, the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the completed construction position is dismantled and transferred to the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the area to be constructed, and is installed according to the above method to form an array breakwater corresponding to the next construction area;

[0075] The wave-breaking structure 1 is recyclable like the anchor block 2. When all construction in the construction area is completed and wave-breaking cover is no longer needed, the corresponding wave-breaking structure 1 can be dismantled and then moved to the corresponding breakwater layout area at the next location for installation to build the breakwater at the next location. Through the circulating flow-type construction, the number of wave-breaking structures 1, anchor blocks 2 and anchor cables 3 used can be greatly reduced, and the cost of breakwater manufacturing can be greatly reduced.

[0076] In some embodiments of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S1. Specifically, the method for designing the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure 1 is as follows: the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure 1 include its own structural dimensions, mainly the length and radius data of the wave-breaking structure 1. These data can be set according to actual needs. They also include the array lattice size in the breakwater array arrangement, which is actually the spacing between adjacent wave-breaking structures 1, including the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater and the lateral spacing between two adjacent columns of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater. In this embodiment, the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater and the lateral spacing between two adjacent columns of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater are equal. Figure 2 As shown, the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater is calculated according to the following formula:

[0077] 2dsinθ=(n+1 / 2)λ

[0078] Where: d is the longitudinal distance between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater;

[0079] θ——the incident angle of the wave relative to the wave-breaking structure 1;

[0080] λ – wavelength of the wave;

[0081] n——natural number, 0, 1, 2, 3…

[0082] That is to say, when the difference between the propagation distances of two adjacent waves is 2 times dsinθ, and this difference is exactly equal to (n+1 / 2) times the wave wavelength, the wave-breaking effect of the wave-breaking structure 1 reaches its best. Based on this method, the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater can be quickly determined according to the wave incident angle and wavelength in the current sea area.

[0083] The array of this embodiment is a breakwater. During use, waves hit the wave-breaking structure 1 from the wave-facing side of the breakwater. After passing through the wave-breaking structure 1 longitudinally, the waves will enter the wave-breaking structure 1 from the wave-returning side of the wave-breaking structure 1. The waves entering the wave-breaking structure 1 will undergo Helmholtz resonance in the wave-breaking structure 1, achieving a good wave-breaking effect. At the same time, part of the waves passing through the wave-breaking structure 1 longitudinally will hit other wave-breaking structures 1 on the side of the wave-breaking structure 1 facing the construction area, and will be blocked by other wave-breaking structures 1. The reflected waves generated will enter the wave-breaking structure 1 from the inflow hole on the wave-returning side and continue to be dissipated, further improving the wave-breaking effect.

[0084] The method for the number of rows and columns of breakwaters in this embodiment includes: designing the row length of the floating array breakwater to be 1.0 to 1.2 times the length of the area to be protected. Figure 1 The horizontal width shown, such as Figure 1 As shown, the horizontal direction of this application Figure 1 The left and right directions in this application refer to Figure 1 The horizontal direction is the direction of travel of the construction area, meaning that the next construction area is laterally in front of the current construction area. The floating breakwater array is located on the wave-facing side of the construction area, i.e., the area to be protected. The floating breakwater array needs to be able to completely cover the construction area to be protected. Therefore, the length of the floating breakwater array in this embodiment is 1.0 to 1.2 times the length of the area to be protected.

[0085] The row width of a floating array breakwater corresponds to its longitudinal width. The row width of a floating array breakwater must first be sufficient to effectively provide adequate wave protection for the construction area. The number of single-row wave-breaking structures 1 in the floating array breakwater can be calculated based on the wave-breaking effect of a single wave-breaking structure 1 and the wave characteristics of the sea area. The minimum row width of the floating array breakwater is then calculated based on the longitudinal spacing between the wave-breaking structures 1. The row width of the floating array breakwater must be no less than this minimum value to meet the construction area coverage requirement. The maximum number of wave-breaking structures 1 that can be deployed in the construction area is then determined based on the estimated construction time of the construction area and the corresponding breakwater removal time. This ensures that the corresponding breakwater removal time is less than the estimated construction time of the construction area. Based on the breakwater array layout and the maximum number of wave-breaking structures 1 that can be deployed in the construction area, the maximum row width of the floating array breakwater can be determined. The row width is then determined by selecting an appropriate value between the minimum and maximum row widths.

[0086] In a further embodiment of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S2. The wave-breaking structure 1 of this embodiment is an assembled structure. In actual application, the required pontoon units and floating body units are prefabricated in the factory, and the pontoon units are assembled into a pontoon structure. Based on the pontoon structure, the floating body units are layered and assembled into a floating body structure to form the required wave-breaking structure 1.

[0087] Then hoist the wave-breaking structure 1 into the water, and adjust the buoyancy of the pontoon unit to change the center of gravity of the entire wave-breaking structure 1. Specifically, the gravity of the pontoon unit on the opening side can be increased, and the gravity of the pontoon unit relative to the opening side can be reduced, so that the center of gravity of the wave-breaking structure 1 is biased toward the opening side. After hoisting the wave-breaking structure 1 into the water, the wave-breaking structure 1 lies horizontally in the water with the side with the inflow hole facing downward, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0088] like Figure 4 As shown, the multiple wave-breaking structures 1 lying in the water are finally towed together in a head-to-tail manner to the breakwater construction sea area.

[0089] This towing method can be transported by small boats without the need for large marine equipment. It is easy to operate, and connecting multiple wave-breaking structures 1 in a linear series manner is convenient for rapid transportation on the one hand, and orderly and easy to operate during subsequent installation on the other hand.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S4. After the wave-breaking structure 1 is transported to the designed construction location, the floating state of the wave-breaking structure 1 needs to be adjusted. The wave-breaking structure 1 is currently lying on the water surface with its opening facing downward. The wave-breaking structure 1 needs to be adjusted to float vertically in the water. Specifically, by adjusting the buoyancy of the buoyancy unit of the wave-breaking structure 1, the buoyancy of the buoyancy unit is changed. In fact, the gravity of all buoyancy units is adjusted to the maximum, and the center of gravity of the entire wave-breaking structure 1 is transferred to the center of the buoyancy unit, or the center of gravity of the wave-breaking structure 1 is transferred to the side close to the buoyancy unit, so that the weight of the wave-breaking structure 1 near the buoyancy unit is greater than that of the end away from the buoyancy unit. The wave-breaking structure 1 forms a state with heavy feet and light head, and automatically flips from the horizontal state to the vertical state. Further, after flipping to the vertical state, the wave-breaking structure 1 gradually sinks until it sinks to the maximum draft position (the maximum draft position in this embodiment refers to the position where the upper end of the wave-breaking structure 1 is just flush with the sea surface), which facilitates the construction of the anchor cable 3.

[0091] One end of the anchor cable 3 is connected to the anchor block 2, and the other end is connected to the wave-breaking structure 1. In this embodiment, a ring anchor point 4 is provided on the wave-breaking structure 1. The length of the anchor cable 3 is adjusted by a reel and is greater than the distance between the ring anchor point 4 of the current wave-breaking structure 1 and the corresponding anchor block 2. In other words, the anchor cable 3 is in a relaxed state after being connected to the anchor block 2 and the ring anchor point 4, which can facilitate the operation of divers or underwater robots. During the actual connection, the diver or underwater robot passes the upper end of the anchor cable 3 through the ring anchor point 4 on the wave-breaking structure 1, and uses multiple bolt tighteners to securely connect the anchor cable 3 to the ring anchor point 4, and securely connect the lower end of the anchor cable 3 to the corresponding anchor block 2 below.

[0092] In a further embodiment of the present application, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S6. In the above-mentioned step S4, after the construction of the anchor cable 3 between the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2 is completed, the anchor cable 3 needs to be tensioned to fix the wave-breaking structure 1. The specific operation method is: by adjusting the buoyancy of the buoyancy box unit of the wave-breaking structure 1, the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 is gradually increased until the draft of the wave-breaking structure 1 reaches the design depth, the tensioning force of the anchor cable 3 is adjusted to make the anchor cable 3 in a tensioned state (the length and tensioning force can be adjusted by the reel on the anchor cable 3), and the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 is adjusted to the net buoyancy value of the designed working state.

[0093] When the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 reaches the net buoyancy value of the designed working state, the wave-breaking structure 1 is in a floating state, but under the action of the anchor cable 3, the wave-breaking structure 1 is restricted to the current draft depth. The wave-breaking structure 1, the anchor cable 3 and the anchor block 2 are in a fully tensioned state, and the wave-breaking structure 1 is stably restricted to the draft depth of the current sea area.

[0094] In other embodiments of the present application, Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment optimizes the above-mentioned step S6, and the method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the completed construction position and transferring it to the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the area to be constructed is: dismantling the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area, and transferring the dismantled wave-breaking structure 1 to the front of the current breakwater array along the construction direction to form a new breakwater array.

[0095] like Figure 1 As shown, it is assumed that every five columns form a breakwater array corresponding to a construction area. Figure 1 The wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a, b, c, d, and e correspond to the breakwater array in the first construction area, which is the current construction area. The wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f, g, h, i, and j correspond to the breakwater array in the second construction area, which is the next construction area. The wave-breaking structures 1 in columns a, b, c, d, and e have all been installed, and the wave-breaking structures 1 in columns f, g, h, i, and j have not yet been installed. During the construction in the current construction area, the construction area begins to move. Assume that after a period of construction, the construction of the range corresponding to the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b in the first construction area is completed. At this time, the construction range corresponding to the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b does not need to be subjected to wave-proof operations. Therefore, the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b can be dismantled, and then the dismantled wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b are transported to the corresponding installation positions of the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns f and g, and the dismantled wave-breaking structures 1 are installed in the corresponding installation positions of the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns f and g to form wave-breaking structures 1 of columns f and g, and this process is repeated until the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a, b, c, d, and e are transformed into wave-breaking structures 1 of columns f, g, h, i, and j.

[0096] The method for dismantling the wave-breaking structure 1 corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area in this embodiment is as follows: based on the pontoon unit, the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 is adjusted to make the wave-breaking structure 1 sink, the depth of the wave-breaking structure 1 immersed in the water is increased, the anchor cable 3 connecting the wave-breaking structure 1 and the anchor block 2 is relaxed, the connection between the anchor cable 3 and the anchor block 2 is released, and the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure 1 is adjusted to make the wave-breaking structure 1 rise to a floating state. Then, the wave-breaking structure 1 can be adjusted to a horizontal state with the opening facing downward according to the above-mentioned method of transporting the wave-breaking structure 1, and multiple wave-breaking structures 1 can be connected in series in sequence through the anchor cable 3 or other rope structures and transported to the next installation position.

[0097] The removal of the wave-breaking structure 1 is different from the removal of the anchor block 2. The removal of the anchor block 2 is relatively time-consuming. Therefore, in order to avoid the removal and installation of the anchor block 2 affecting the removal and installation of the wave-breaking structure 1, in the present embodiment, during the process of arranging the anchor blocks 2, a group of anchor blocks 2 are pre-installed in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the next construction area in front of the wave-breaking structure 1 array corresponding to the current construction area. After removing several rows of wave-breaking structures 1 at the rear of the wave-breaking structure 1 array corresponding to the current construction area, the removed wave-breaking structures 1 are installed on the pre-installed anchor blocks 2 in the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the next construction area. The anchor blocks 2 whose wave-breaking structures 1 have been removed are simultaneously hoisted to the area in front of a group of pre-installed anchor blocks 2 in the breakwater arrangement area of ​​the next construction area for installation. According to the following Figure 1 As shown, when arranging the anchor blocks 2 of the breakwater corresponding to the first construction area, the anchor blocks 2 corresponding to the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are arranged in advance. When constructing the breakwater corresponding to the first construction area, only the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a, b, c, d, and e are installed. The anchor blocks 2 of the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns f and g are installed, but the wave-breaking structures 1 are left empty. After the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b are dismantled, the wave-breaking structures 1 of columns a and b can be installed on the anchor blocks 2 corresponding to the columns f and g. Then, the anchor blocks 2 of columns a and b can be dismantled simultaneously. After the anchor blocks 2 of columns a and b are dismantled, the anchor blocks 2 of these two columns are moved to the installation positions corresponding to the wave-breaking modules of columns h and i for installation.

[0098] This can solve the problem that the removal of the anchor block 2 takes a long time and affects the installation of the wave-breaking structure 1.

[0099] When the construction in all construction areas is completed, all wave-breaking structures can be dismantled and towed to the launch site by floating transportation, hoisted ashore and disassembled into independent modules, and then transported to the next construction project for continued use or stored in a warehouse.

[0100] The vertical direction of this application Figure 1 The direction perpendicular to the paper, the horizontal direction of this application refers to the left and right direction in 1, and the vertical direction of this application refers to the left and right direction in 1. Figure 1 The up and down directions in .

[0101] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present application. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Such changes and improvements are intended to fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection claimed in this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A floating array breakwater construction method, characterized by: The floating array breakwater comprises multiple wave-breaking structures and multiple anchor blocks. The wave-breaking structures are hollow cylindrical structures with inflow holes on the wave-dorsal side capable of floating on the sea surface. Buoyancy adjustment structures are provided on the wave-breaking structures. Multiple wave-breaking structures are arranged in an array in longitudinal columns and transverse rows to form a breakwater. The anchor blocks are fixed to the seabed of the sea area where the breakwater is located and are fixedly connected to the surrounding adjacent wave-breaking structures via anchor cables, so that the wave-breaking structures float on the sea surface in a state where part of the wave-breaking structures are below the sea surface and part of the wave-breaking structures are above the sea surface. The construction method includes: Based on sea conditions, the size of the construction area, and the required shelter area, design the number of rows and columns of the floating array breakwater, the structural dimensions, planar position coordinates, and draft of the wave-breaking structure, and the type, weight, planar position coordinates, and length of the anchor block; Transport the anchor blocks to the designed construction sea area and arrange them in the designed breakwater layout area; The assembled wave-breaking structure is hoisted into the water, and multiple wave-breaking structures are connected and towed together to the breakwater construction area; Install a wave-breaking structure in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the current construction area, adjust the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure, and use anchor cables to connect the wave-breaking structure to the corresponding anchor block below; Adjust the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable to complete the installation of a single wave-breaking structure, and continue in sequence until all wave-breaking structures within the breakwater layout area corresponding to the current construction area are installed; When construction begins, the construction area moves along the construction direction, dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction location and transferring it to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed. The array breakwater corresponding to the next construction area is then installed according to the above method. When construction starts, the construction area moves along the construction direction. The wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position is dismantled and transferred to the breakwater layout area corresponding to the area to be constructed. The new breakwater is installed according to the above method, and the process is carried out in sequence until the construction of all construction areas is completed.

2. A floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for designing the structural dimensions of the wave-breaking structure includes: constructing the breakwater array lattice dimensions according to the following formula: 2dsinθ=(n+1 / 2)λ Where: d is the longitudinal distance between two adjacent rows of wave-breaking structures in the floating array breakwater; θ is the angle of incidence of the wave relative to the wave-breaking structure; λ – wavelength of the wave; n——natural number, which is n, 1, 2, 3… 3. The floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for hanging the assembled wave-breaking structure in water comprises: hanging the wave-breaking structure into the water so that the wave-breaking structure lies horizontally in the water with the side with the inflow hole facing downward.

4. A floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method of connecting multiple wave-breaking structures and towing them together to the breakwater construction sea area includes: towing multiple wave-breaking structures lying in the water together in a head-to-tail manner to the breakwater construction sea area.

5. A floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The method for adjusting the floating state of the wave-breaking structure based on the buoyancy adjustment structure of the wave-breaking structure includes: flipping the wave-breaking structure from a horizontal state to a vertical state through the buoyancy adjustment structure, and gradually adjusting the buoyancy of the entire wave-breaking structure to make the wave-breaking structure sink to the maximum draft position.

6. The floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using an anchor cable to connect a wave-breaking structure with a corresponding anchor block below includes: passing the upper end of the anchor cable through a ring-shaped anchor point on the wave-breaking structure, and using multiple bolt tighteners to securely connect the anchor cable to the ring-shaped anchor point, and fixing the lower end of the anchor cable to the corresponding anchor block below.

7. The floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure and the tension of the anchor cable includes: gradually increasing the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure until the draft of the wave-breaking structure reaches the design depth, adjusting the tension of the anchor cable so that the anchor cable is in a tensioned state, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to the net buoyancy value of the design working state.

8. The floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the completed construction position and transferring it to the breakwater arrangement area corresponding to the area to be constructed includes: dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the position where the construction is completed in the current construction area, and transferring the dismantled wave-breaking structure to the front of the current breakwater array along the construction direction to form a new breakwater array.

9. A floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for dismantling the wave-breaking structure corresponding to the location where construction is completed in the current construction area includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to sink the wave-breaking structure, releasing the connection between the anchor cable and the anchor block, and adjusting the buoyancy of the wave-breaking structure to raise the wave-breaking structure to a floating state.

10. A floating array breakwater construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: A group of anchor blocks are pre-installed in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area in front of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area. After dismantling several rows of wave-breaking structures at the rear of the wave-breaking structure array corresponding to the current construction area, the dismantled wave-breaking structures are installed on the anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area corresponding to the next construction area. The anchor blocks with the dismantled wave-breaking structures are simultaneously lifted to the area in front of a group of anchor blocks pre-installed in the breakwater layout area of ​​the next construction area for installation.

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