Anti-dislocation structure of tunnel, tunnel and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to an anti-dislocation structure of a tunnel, the tunnel and a construction method.The anti-dislocation structure of the tunnel is arranged in a primary support, the primary support comprises a plurality of frame bodies, the frame bodies are arranged in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, and the frame bodies are connected to tunnel surrounding rock; the multiple frame bodies are arranged in the longitudinal direction of a tunnel, and a gap is formed between every two adjacent frame bodies. The tunnel comprises a plurality of primary supports and the anti-dislocation structure of the tunnel. The method comprises the steps that the frame bodies are installed, and a gap between every two adjacent frame bodies is filled with a gap protector; concrete spraying is conducted; and the gap protector is taken out, the gap is cleaned, the gap is filled with the fragile filler or the tough filler, and construction of the primary support is completed. Through the arrangement, the shock resistance of the tunnel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to an anti-dislocation structure of a tunnel, a tunnel and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] For tunnels crossing active fault zones, an anti-slip structure is usually set up. When geological activities occur, the anti-slip fracture in the anti-slip structure will guide the tunnel to move along the anti-slip fracture, thereby improving the tunnel's ability to resist deformation and earthquake resistance. In the prior art, the anti-slip fracture is set between the primary support and the secondary lining, and a hydraulic jack or radial shear member is set between the primary support and the secondary lining. The construction is difficult, the structure is complex, and it is difficult to reduce the scope of damage to the tunnel structure when an earthquake occurs in the active fault zone.

[0003] However, for active fault zones where geological activities are particularly frequent, the existing measures of only setting anti-misalignment joints between the initial support and the secondary lining are difficult to resist the intrusion of active fault zones with frequent and complex geological activities on the tunnel structure. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art in the case of active fault zones with particularly frequent geological activities. The prior art only relies on setting anti-misalignment fractures between the primary support and the secondary lining, and setting hydraulic jacks or radial shear members between the primary support and the secondary lining. The construction is difficult, the structure is complex, and it is difficult to resist the intrusion of active fault zones with frequent and complex geological activities on the tunnel structure. Provided is a tunnel anti-misalignment structure, a tunnel and a construction method.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an anti-dislocation structure for a tunnel, wherein the anti-dislocation structure for the tunnel is arranged in an initial support, wherein the initial support comprises a plurality of frames, wherein the frames are arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, the frames are connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the plurality of frames are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, with a gap being provided between two adjacent frames.

[0006] The anti-dislocation fracture in the prior art refers to the fracture set between the primary support and the secondary lining, and a hydraulic jack or a radial shear member is set between the primary support and the secondary lining. The extension direction of this anti-dislocation fracture structure is along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the primary support and the secondary lining can be displaced along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel through the fracture. The extension direction of this anti-dislocation fracture referred to in the present scheme is along the circumferential direction of the tunnel. This scheme sets an anti-dislocation fracture in the primary support, that is, a gap is set between the two adjacent frames, and the gap forms an anti-dislocation fracture. The anti-dislocation fracture referred to in the present scheme can be displaced along the circumferential direction of the tunnel. Through this setting, when the tunnel is subjected to shear force, the anti-dislocation fracture between the two adjacent frames can better respond to the shear force exerted on the tunnel, thereby improving the seismic resistance of the tunnel, reducing the scope of damage to the tunnel structure caused by the earthquake, and facilitating rapid repairs in the later stage.

[0007] The spacing between two adjacent frames is set according to actual construction requirements, and the length of a single frame along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is set according to actual construction requirements.

[0008] The frame can be configured to be an arch or a door shape according to the shape of the tunnel cross section.

[0009] This structure does not affect the setting of the anti-misalignment fault between the initial support and the secondary lining, and the structure of the secondary lining can also adopt the structural form in the prior art.

[0010] The frame includes a plurality of connecting plates, which are arranged along the length direction of the corresponding frame. Two adjacent connecting plates in the same frame are connected by a connecting piece, and the connection points of the connecting plates in two adjacent frames are staggered along the frame.

[0011] The distance of the connection of the connecting plates in two adjacent frames along the circumferential direction of the frames is set according to actual requirements.

[0012] Since there are raised portions at the connection points of the connection plates, this arrangement reduces the probability of the raised portions at the connection points being displaced from the same plane, enables the two adjacent frames to be brought closer together, and improves the structural compactness of the initial support.

[0013] The frame can be configured as a steel frame or a reinforced concrete frame, etc., and the connecting piece can be configured as a riveted connection or a screw connection, etc.

[0014] Preferably, the frame is a steel frame, and the connecting piece is a nut.

[0015] The gap between two adjacent frames is filled with a brittle filler or a tough filler.

[0016] When the initial support is subjected to stress, by setting brittle fillers, the initial support can be guided to break and stagger at the brittle fillers; by setting tough fillers, the stress on the initial support can pull or squeeze the tough fillers, thereby reducing the stress; through this setting, the seismic resistance of the anti-slip structure is improved, the scope of earthquake damage to the tunnel structure is reduced, and rapid repairs in the later stage are facilitated.

[0017] A brittle filler refers to a filler whose main structure is brittle and easily breaks when subjected to force, causing damage to the main structure of the filler; a tough filler refers to a filler whose main body is easily plastically deformed when subjected to external force but the main structure of the filler is not destroyed.

[0018] The brittle filler can be set as C15 shotcrete or phenolic resin, etc., and the tough filler can be set as asphalt tendons, putty paste or two-component polyurethane sealant, etc.

[0019] Preferably, the brittle filler is phenolic resin.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a tunnel, comprising a plurality of the aforementioned initial supports and an anti-fault structure of the tunnel.

[0021] There are no connectors between two adjacent initial supports. This arrangement makes several initial supports relatively independent structures, reduces the overall rigidity of the tunnel, and enables only the support structure in a certain section of the tunnel to respond to the stress when it is subjected to stress. This reduces the ability of stress to be transmitted to the tunnel as a whole, improves the tunnel's ability to adapt to frequent geological activities, and reduces the chance of damage to the tunnel as a whole.

[0022] The spacing between two adjacent initial supports is set according to actual construction requirements.

[0023] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a tunnel construction method for the tunnel, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1: Install the frames and fill the gap between two adjacent frames with gap protectors;

[0025] S2: concrete spraying;

[0026] S3: taking out the gap protector, cleaning the gap, and filling the gap with the brittle filler or the tough filler to complete the initial support construction.

[0027] Through this step, the contamination in the seam is reduced, the filling quality of the filler in the seam is improved, and the earthquake resistance of the tunnel is improved.

[0028] The gap protector may be foam or sponge, and the brittle filler may be phenolic resin or C15 shotcrete.

[0029] Preferably, the gap protector is foam, and the brittle filler is phenolic resin.

[0030] By setting the gap protector to foam, when the concrete spraying is completed, the foam is soft and easy to clean, which improves the convenience of construction; by setting the brittle filler to phenolic resin, when phenolic resin is used for filling, since the initial state of phenolic resin is fluid, when the phenolic resin is filled into the gap, it gradually becomes solid and expands in volume. Phenolic resin material is existing technology. By using phenolic resin for filling, the convenience of construction is improved.

[0031] When the brittle filler is a phenolic resin layer, the step S3 comprises:

[0032] S31: a wire mesh is arranged on a side of two adjacent frames away from the surrounding rock, wherein the size of the wire mesh is larger than the size of the gap between the two adjacent frames;

[0033] S32: filling the gap with phenolic resin and curing the phenolic resin layer until the thickness of the phenolic resin layer in the gap reaches a preset thickness;

[0034] S33: removing the phenolic resin overflowing from the gap along the wire mesh, and removing the wire mesh from the initial support, thereby completing the construction of the initial support.

[0035] By setting a wire mesh, when a layer of phenolic resin is filled into the side of the gap away from the wire mesh, the phenolic resin adheres to the position in the gap close to the surrounding rock, and the phenolic resin reacts quickly to solidify and expand, so that the air in the gap can be discharged through the holes in the wire mesh. When the volume of the phenolic resin expands too much and contacts the wire mesh, the wire mesh can also block the phenolic resin, reducing the probability of phenolic resin overflowing, thereby improving the quality of construction; by filling the phenolic resin into the gap layer by layer, compared with filling the phenolic resin into the gap at one time, the filling of the phenolic resin can be made denser, and the controllability of the volume expansion degree of the phenolic resin filling layer is improved, and the probability of phenolic resin overflowing the gap due to excessive phenolic resin filling at one time, resulting in poor flatness of the outer surface of the gap and greater difficulty in cleaning, is reduced, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of construction.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The present invention provides a tunnel anti-dislocation structure, wherein the tunnel anti-dislocation structure is arranged in the initial support, wherein the initial support comprises a plurality of frames, wherein the frames are arranged along the tunnel circumferential direction, the frames are connected to the tunnel surrounding rock, and the plurality of frames are arranged along the tunnel longitudinal direction, and a gap is provided between two adjacent frames. In this scheme, an anti-dislocation fracture is provided in the initial support, that is, a gap is provided between two adjacent frames, and the gap is an anti-dislocation fracture. The extension direction of the anti-dislocation fracture referred to in this scheme is along the tunnel circumferential direction. Through this arrangement, when the tunnel is subjected to shear force, the anti-dislocation fracture between the two adjacent frames can better respond to the shear force subjected to the tunnel, thereby improving the anti-seismic capacity of the tunnel, reducing the damage range of the earthquake to the tunnel structure, and facilitating rapid repair in the later stage.

[0038] 2. The present invention provides a tunnel, comprising a plurality of the aforementioned initial supports and a tunnel anti-fault structure, wherein no connecting piece is connected between two adjacent initial supports, and the arrangement makes the plurality of initial supports relatively independent structures, thereby reducing the rigidity of the entire tunnel, so that when a certain section of the tunnel is subjected to stress, only the support structure in the section responds to the stress, thereby reducing the ability of stress to be transmitted to the entire tunnel, improving the ability of the tunnel to adapt to frequent geological activities, and reducing the probability of the entire tunnel being damaged. Through the arrangement, the earthquake resistance of the tunnel is improved;

[0039] 3. The present invention provides a construction method for a tunnel anti-fault structure, through which the pollution in the seam is reduced, the filling quality of the filler in the gap is improved, the construction efficiency of the anti-fault structure is improved, and the earthquake resistance of the tunnel is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the staggered setting of the connection points of the connecting plates in two adjacent frames in the anti-fault structure of the tunnel.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-fault structure of the tunnel in step S1.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the anti-fault structure of the tunnel in step S31.

[0043] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-fault structure of the tunnel in step S32.

[0044] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-fault structure of the tunnel in step S33.

[0045] Markings in the figure:

[0046] 1-initial support, 11-frame, 12-concrete, 2-nuts, 3-foam layer, 4-phenolic resin layer, 5-wire mesh. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship when the invented product / equipment / device is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate the technicians to quickly understand the scheme, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0049] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the scheme of the present invention.

[0050] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., which appear in the terms, are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0051] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "plurality" and "a number" represent at least 2. It can be any number such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and even more than 9.

[0052] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connected", "provided with", "laid", and "arranged" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and can be welding, riveting, bolting, threading, and other commonly used connection means in the field. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an anti-fault structure for a tunnel, wherein the anti-fault structure for the tunnel is arranged in an initial support 1, wherein the initial support 1 comprises a plurality of frames 11, wherein the frames 11 are arranged circumferentially along the tunnel, wherein the frames 11 are connected to the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and wherein a plurality of the frames 11 are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, and a gap is provided between two adjacent frames 11.

[0055] The anti-dislocation fracture in the prior art refers to a fracture provided between the initial support 1 and the secondary lining, and a hydraulic jack or a radial shear member is provided between the initial support 1 and the secondary lining. The extension direction of this anti-dislocation fracture structure is along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the initial support 1 and the secondary lining can be displaced along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel through the fracture. The extension direction of this anti-dislocation fracture referred to in the present scheme is along the circumferential direction of the tunnel. This scheme arranges an anti-dislocation fracture in the initial support 1, that is, a gap is provided between the two adjacent frames 11, and the gap forms an anti-dislocation fracture. This anti-dislocation fracture referred to in the present scheme can be displaced along the circumferential direction of the tunnel. Through this arrangement, when the tunnel is subjected to shear force, the anti-dislocation fracture between the two adjacent frames 11 can better respond to the shear force exerted on the tunnel, thereby improving the seismic resistance of the tunnel, reducing the scope of damage to the tunnel structure caused by the earthquake, and facilitating rapid repairs in the later stage.

[0056] The spacing distance between two adjacent frames 11 is set according to actual construction requirements, and the length of a single frame 11 along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is set according to actual construction requirements.

[0057] The frame 11 is configured to be in an arch shape.

[0058] This structure does not affect the setting of the anti-misalignment fault between the initial support 1 and the secondary lining, and the structure of the secondary lining can also adopt the structural form in the prior art.

[0059] The frame 11 includes a plurality of connecting plates, which are arranged along the length direction of the corresponding frame 11. Two adjacent connecting plates in the same frame 11 are connected by a connecting piece, and the connection points of the connecting plates in two adjacent frames 11 are circumferentially staggered along the frame 11.

[0060] The distance of the connection between the connection plates of two adjacent frames 11 along the circumferential direction of the frame 11 is set according to actual requirements.

[0061] Since there are raised portions at the connection points of the connection plates, this arrangement reduces the probability of the raised portions at the connection points being displaced from the same plane, and enables the two adjacent frames 11 to be brought closer together, thereby improving the structural compactness of the initial support 1.

[0062] Preferably, the frame 11 is a steel frame, and the connecting piece is a nut 2 .

[0063] The gap between two adjacent frames 11 is filled with a brittle filler.

[0064] When the initial support 1 is subjected to stress, by setting a brittle filler, the initial support 1 can be guided to break and stagger at the brittle filler; by setting a tough filler, the stress on the initial support 1 can pull or squeeze the tough filler, thereby reducing the stress; through this setting, the seismic resistance of the anti-slip structure is improved, the scope of earthquake damage to the tunnel structure is reduced, and rapid repairs in the later stage are facilitated.

[0065] Brittle fillers refer to fillers whose main structure is brittle and easily breaks when subjected to stress, causing damage to the main structure of the filler.

[0066] Preferably, the brittle filler is phenolic resin.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] This embodiment provides a tunnel, including a plurality of the initial supports 1 and an anti-fault structure of the tunnel.

[0069] There is no connecting piece between two adjacent initial supports 1. This arrangement makes several initial supports 1 relatively independent structures, reduces the overall rigidity of the tunnel, and when a certain section in the tunnel is subjected to stress, only the support structure in this section responds to the stress, thereby reducing the ability of stress to be transmitted to the tunnel as a whole, improving the ability of the tunnel to adapt to frequent geological activities, and reducing the probability of the tunnel as a whole being damaged.

[0070] The spacing between two adjacent initial supports 1 is set according to actual construction requirements.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] like Figure 2-Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment provides a tunnel construction method, which is used for the tunnel described above, and includes the following steps:

[0073] S1: Install the frame 11 and fill the gap between two adjacent frames 11 with a gap protector;

[0074] S2: spraying concrete 12;

[0075] S3: taking out the gap protector, cleaning the gap and filling the gap with the brittle filler to complete the construction of the initial support 1.

[0076] Through this step, the contamination in the seam is reduced, the filling quality of the filler in the seam is improved, and the earthquake resistance of the tunnel is improved.

[0077] The gap protector is foam, and the brittle filler is phenolic resin.

[0078] By setting the gap protector to foam, when the concrete 12 is sprayed, the foam is soft and easy to clean, which improves the convenience of construction; by setting the brittle filler to phenolic resin, when phenolic resin is used for filling, since the initial state of phenolic resin is fluid, when the phenolic resin is filled into the gap, it gradually becomes solid and expands in volume. Phenolic resin material is a prior art. By using phenolic resin for filling, the convenience of construction is improved.

[0079] The step S3 comprises:

[0080] S31: a wire mesh 5 is arranged on a side of two adjacent frames 11 away from the surrounding rock, wherein the size of the wire mesh 5 is larger than the size of the gap between the two adjacent frames 11;

[0081] S32: filling the gap with phenolic resin and curing the phenolic resin layer until the thickness of the phenolic resin layer 4 in the gap reaches a preset thickness;

[0082] S33: removing the phenolic resin overflowing from the gap along the wire mesh 5, and disassembling the wire mesh 5 from the initial support 1, thereby completing the construction of the initial support 1.

[0083] By setting the wire mesh 5, when a layer of phenolic resin is filled into the side of the gap away from the wire mesh 5, the phenolic resin adheres to the position in the gap close to the surrounding rock, and the phenolic resin expands so that the air in the gap can be discharged through the holes on the wire mesh 5. When the volume of the phenolic resin expands too much and contacts the wire mesh 5, the wire mesh 5 can also block the phenolic resin, reducing the probability of phenolic resin overflowing, thereby improving the quality of construction; by filling the phenolic resin into the gap layer by layer, compared with filling the phenolic resin into the gap at one time, the filling of the phenolic resin can be made denser, and the controllability of the volume expansion degree of the phenolic resin filling layer is improved, reducing the probability of phenolic resin overflowing the gap due to excessive phenolic resin filling at one time, causing inconvenience in subsequent construction, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of construction.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel anti-fault structure, characterized in that: The anti-fault structure of the tunnel is arranged in the initial support (1), and the initial support (1) comprises a plurality of frames (11), the frames (11) are arranged along the tunnel circumference, the frames (11) are connected to the tunnel surrounding rock, and the plurality of frames (11) are arranged along the tunnel longitudinal direction, with a gap between two adjacent frames (11).

2. The anti-fault structure of a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (11) comprises a plurality of connecting plates, which are arranged along the length direction of the corresponding frame (11), two adjacent connecting plates in the same frame (11) are connected by a connecting piece, and the connection points of the connecting plates in two adjacent frames (11) are staggered.

3. The anti-fault structure of a tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The frame (11) is a steel frame, and the connecting piece is a pin or a nut (2).

4. The anti-fault structure of a tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap between two adjacent frames (11) is filled with a brittle filler or a tough filler.

5. The anti-fault structure of a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The brittle filler is a phenolic resin layer (4).

6. A tunnel, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of the initial supports (1) and an anti-fault structure of a tunnel as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A tunnel construction method, characterized in that: For a tunnel as claimed in claim 6, comprising the following steps: S1: installing the frame (11) and filling the gap between two adjacent frames (11) with a gap protector; S2: spraying concrete (12); S3: removing the gap protector, cleaning the gap, and filling the gap with the brittle filler or the tough filler to complete the construction of the initial support (1).

8. A tunnel construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gap protector is a foam layer (3).

9. A tunnel construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the brittle filler is a phenolic resin layer (4), step S3 comprises: S31: a wire mesh (5) is arranged on a side of two adjacent frames (11) away from the surrounding rock, wherein the size of the wire mesh (5) is larger than the size of the gap between the two adjacent frames (11); S32: filling the gap with phenolic resin and solidifying the phenolic resin layer until the thickness of the phenolic resin layer (4) in the gap reaches a preset thickness; S33: removing the phenolic resin overflowing from the gap along the wire mesh (5), and removing the wire mesh (5) from the initial support (1), thereby completing the construction of the initial support (1).

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