Heat exchange structure of turbocharger outlet

Abstract

The invention provides a heat exchange structure of a turbocharger outlet, a cooling channel is arranged in a shell of the turbocharger outlet, a cooling medium of the cooling channel contains spherical particles, a plurality of independent silencing cavities which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are arranged below the cooling channel, and each silencing cavity is communicated with the outlet; and a vibration unit extending into the silencing cavity is arranged on the wall surface between the silencing cavity and the cooling channel, a part of the vibration unit is in collision contact with spherical particles in the cooling medium, so that the vibration unit generates active vibration, and the active vibration of the vibration unit and passive vibration in the silencing cavity are used for silencing and noise reduction of the outlet. Through active vibration of the vibration unit and passive vibration in the silencing cavity, the vibration plate can interact with the silencing cavity by applying low-frequency vibration on the basis of sound wave interference and resonance principles to generate a phase difference of sound waves, so that noise reduction is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of turbochargers, and in particular to a heat exchange structure at an outlet of a turbocharger. Background Art

[0002] The application of turbocharging technology in modern automobile engines has brought significant environmental and performance advantages. It uses the energy of exhaust gas discharged by the engine to drive the turbine to rotate, thereby compressing the air entering the engine, improving combustion efficiency and power output.

[0003] The main advantages of turbocharging technology include increased power output, lower fuel consumption and reduced pollutant emissions. This technology allows the engine to increase power and torque by increasing the intake volume without increasing displacement, thereby improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust emissions. As the world's requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction become increasingly stringent, turbocharging technology has become increasingly important due to its potential in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

[0004] The temperature at the turbocharger outlet is usually very high, ranging from 200°C to over 700°C depending on the application and operating conditions. Such high temperatures can cause fatigue and wear of the turbocharger housing material, reducing the turbocharger's service life. Working in a high temperature environment may also increase the risk of deflagration, affecting the stability and safety of the engine.

[0005] The cooling measures in the prior art are generally: a gas-liquid coordinated temperature control system, which cools the turbine rotor in the turbine shell by setting a cooling pipeline on the intermediate shell and introducing the coolant into the cooling pipeline. This system can effectively reduce the temperature of the turbine rotor, reduce the heat load, and extend the service life of the turbocharger. The turbocharger adopts a double-layer shell design, in which the gas flow channel and the coolant flow channel are blocked and set in parallel, and the temperature of the turbine is reduced by the circulation of the coolant. This design can effectively isolate high-temperature gas and coolant and improve the cooling efficiency. The integrated water pump cooling system is provided with an integrated water pump on the intermediate shaft of the supercharger. When the supercharger is working, the intermediate shaft body drives the water pump impeller of the integrated water pump to rotate, extracts the coolant in the water tank and pumps it to the water jacket, and the water jacket completes the cooling of the supercharger. However, the heat exchange efficiency of the turbocharger outlet shell in the prior art is not high, and the problem of low-frequency noise cannot be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a heat exchange structure at the outlet of a turbocharger. Through the active vibration of the vibration unit and the passive vibration in the muffler cavity, based on the principles of sound wave interference and resonance, the vibration plate can interact with the muffler cavity by applying low-frequency vibration to generate a phase difference of the sound wave, thereby achieving noise reduction. In addition, the spherical particles in the cooling channel oscillate on the wall of the cooling channel, which can increase the heat exchange efficiency.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0008] A heat exchange structure for a turbocharger outlet is provided, wherein a cooling channel is provided in a turbocharger outlet housing, wherein a cooling medium in the cooling channel contains spherical particles, and a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed independent silencer cavities are provided below the cooling channel, wherein each silencer cavity is connected to the outlet; a vibration unit extending into the silencer cavity is provided on a wall surface between the silencer cavity and the cooling channel, wherein a portion of the vibration unit collides and contacts with the spherical particles in the cooling medium, causing the vibration unit to generate active vibration, and the active vibration of the vibration unit and the passive vibration in the silencer cavity are used for silencing and noise reduction at the outlet.

[0009] Furthermore, the spherical particles include an outer shell and an expansion agent, wherein the expansion agent is located in the outer shell, and the inner cavity of the outer shell is connected to an external cooling medium. The temperature change of the wall of the cooling channel is utilized to change the volume of the expansion agent, so as to make the spherical particles oscillate on the wall of the cooling channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the expansion agent is wrapped in an elastic film, and damping is applied to the expansion agent during the expansion process, thereby delaying the density change of the spherical particles, so as to ensure that the spherical particles collide with the vibration unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the density of the expansion agent is less than the density of the cooling medium; the volume ratio of the expansion agent in the unexpanded state to the spherical particles is 40-70%.

[0012] Furthermore, it is assumed that one wall of the cooling channel where the vibration unit is installed is the hot end, and the other wall of the cooling channel is the cold end; when the spherical particles are close to the cold end, the temperature of the cooling medium drops, and the expansion agent inside the spherical particles is in a contracted state. At this time, the total density of the spherical particles is greater than the density of the cooling medium, and the spherical particles move toward the hot end; when the spherical particles settle to the hot end to absorb heat, the expansion agent expands. At this time, the total density of the spherical particles is less than the density of the cooling medium, and the particles move toward the cold end.

[0013] Furthermore, the spherical particles collide with the vibration unit, causing the vibration unit to generate low-frequency vibration.

[0014] Furthermore, the vibration unit includes an elastic plate and a vibration plate. The elastic plate is provided between the muffler cavity and the cooling channel. A cantilever vibration plate is provided in the muffler cavity. One end of the vibration plate is connected to the elastic plate, and the other end of the vibration plate extends into the muffler cavity.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of protrusions are provided on the wall surface of the cooling channel close to the muffler cavity, and the protrusions are located on the wall surface between the two muffler cavities.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. The heat exchange structure at the outlet of the turbocharger described in the present invention, through the active vibration of the vibration unit and the passive vibration in the silencer cavity, based on the principles of sound wave interference and resonance, the vibration plate can interact with the silencer cavity by applying low-frequency vibration to generate a phase difference of the sound wave, thereby achieving noise reduction.

[0018] 2. The heat exchange structure at the outlet of the turbocharger of the present invention utilizes the expansion agent in the spherical particles to change the density of the spherical particles under temperature changes, so that the spherical particles oscillate between the cold and hot walls of the cooling channel, which can increase the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the low-frequency vibration generated by the spherical particles when colliding with the elastic plate serves as the source of active vibration, so the outer spherical particles of the present invention can also generate low-frequency vibration while improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0019] 3. In the heat exchange structure at the outlet of the turbocharger described in the present invention, the expansion agent is wrapped in the spherical particles by an elastic film, and damping is applied to the expansion agent during the expansion process. In this way, the density change of the spherical particles is delayed during the movement from the cold end to the hot end, which can ensure that the spherical particles 7 can collide with the elastic plate.

[0020] 4. The heat exchange structure at the outlet of the turbocharger of the present invention generates millimeter-level bubbles or liquid films on the surface of the hot end, which can buffer the collision force of spherical particles during the sinking process, mainly avoiding the generation of additional shell noise reduction. On the other hand, after the spherical particles come into contact with the bubbles or liquid films, they promote the bubbles to separate from the hot end, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the turbocharger outlet according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of .

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the spherical particles of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the movement of spherical particles described in the present invention.

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 1- outlet shell; 2- cooling channel; 3- muffler chamber; 4- protrusion; 5- elastic plate; 6- vibration plate; 7- spherical particles; 7-1- shell; 7-2- elastic membrane; 7-3- expansion agent; 7-4- cooling liquid medium. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] In the prior art, an outlet housing 1 of a turbocharger is generally provided with an annular cooling channel 2, and the coolant in the cooling channel 2 can cool the housing by circulating; Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the outlet heat exchange structure of the turbocharger of the present invention is provided with a plurality of circumferentially uniformly distributed independent muffler chambers 3 below the cooling channel 2, and each of the circumferentially uniformly distributed independent muffler chambers 3 is connected to the outlet; and an elastic plate 5 is provided between the muffler chamber 3 and the cooling channel 2, and a vibration plate 6 is provided in each muffler chamber 3, one end of the vibration plate 6 is connected to the elastic plate 5, and the other end of the vibration plate 6 extends into the muffler chamber 3, and the noise acts on the vibration plate 6, causing the vibration plate 6 to vibrate, so that the energy of the corresponding frequency noise can be consumed in the muffler chamber 2, reducing the propagation of the noise. The cooling medium of the cooling channel 2 contains spherical particles 7, which can increase the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling medium during the circulation process. More importantly, the spherical particles 7 are randomly collided and contacted with the elastic plate 5 during the circulation process, so that the elastic plate 5 vibrates, thereby actively driving the vibration plate 6 to vibrate, and the noise reduction of the turbocharger outlet is achieved through the active vibration of the elastic plate 5 and the passive vibration in the muffler chamber 3. The elastic plate 5 can also be considered as a vibration plate.

[0033] However, general solid particles can easily generate additional noise to the shell during the circulation process. Figure 4As shown, the spherical particle 7 of the present invention comprises a shell 7-1, an expansion agent 7-3 and an elastic membrane 7-2, wherein the expansion agent 7-3 is wrapped in the elastic membrane 7-2, and the elastic membrane 7-2 and the expansion agent 7-3 are both located in the inner cavity of the shell 7-1, and the inner cavity of the shell 7-1 is connected to the external cooling medium 7-4, and the cooling medium 7-4 can enter the inner cavity, and the volume of the expansion agent 7-3 changes by utilizing the temperature change of the wall surface of the cooling channel 2, thereby changing the density of the spherical particle 7, so as to make the spherical particle 7 oscillate between the cold and hot walls of the cooling channel 2. The mass of the spherical particle 7 of the present invention is less than that of the solid particle, and the spherical particle 7 of the present invention transmits the vibration to the vibration unit by colliding with the elastic plate 5 (hot end), although it will also touch the cold end under the action of the circulation, such collision will not generate additional noise to the shell. In the present invention, the density of the expansion agent 7-3 is less than that of the cooling medium 7-4, the volume ratio of the expansion agent 7-3 in the unexpanded state to the spherical particle 7 is 40-70%, and the volume ratio of the inner cavity to the spherical particle 7 is 20-50%.

[0034] Example

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an annular cooling channel 2 is provided in the outlet housing 1 of the turbocharger. The cooling channel 2 may be provided with a guide plate to realize the circulation of the cooling medium 7-4. Eight circumferentially evenly distributed muffler chambers 3 are provided below the cooling channel 2. Each muffler chamber 2 is connected to the outlet of the turbocharger, and an elastic plate 5 is provided between each muffler chamber 3 and the cooling channel 2. There are eight elastic plates 5 in total. A cantilevered vibration plate 6 is provided in each muffler chamber 3. One end of the vibration plate 6 is connected to the elastic plate 5, and the other end of the vibration plate 6 extends into the muffler chamber 3. Figure 5 As shown, one wall surface of the cooling channel 2 close to the outer side of the shell is defined as the cold end, and the other wall surface of the cooling channel 2 close to the muffler chamber 3 is defined as the hot end. The spherical particles 7 of the present invention use the temperature difference change between the cold end and the hot end to realize the oscillation motion. The principle is: when the temperature at the cold end is low, the expansion agent 7-3 is in a contracted state, and the inner cavity of the shell 7-1 contains not only the contracted expansion agent 7-3 but also the cooling medium 7-4, so that the density of the spherical particles 7 is greater than the density of the cooling medium 7-4, so that the spherical particles 7 will sink; while when the temperature at the hot end is high, the expansion agent 7-3 is in an expanded state, and the inner cavity of the shell 7-1 is filled with the expansion agent 7-3 in an expanded state, so that the density of the spherical particles 7 is less than the density of the cooling medium 4. The inner cavity of the shell 7-1 is filled with the expansion agent 7-3 in an expanded state, or it can be partially filled, that is, there is the expansion agent 7-3 in an expanded state and the residual cooling medium 7-4 in the inner cavity. The main function of the elastic membrane 7-2 is to apply damping to the expansion agent 7-3 during the expansion process, so as to delay the density change of the spherical particles 7 during the movement from the cold end to the hot end, thereby ensuring that the spherical particles 7 can collide with the hot end, that is, the elastic plate 5.

[0036] In another embodiment, the elastic plate 5 and the vibration plate 6 are integrally formed, which can be collectively referred to as a vibration unit, and both ends of the vibration plate are embedded in the side walls of the cooling channel 2 .

[0037] Through experimental verification, the spherical particles 7 of the present invention collide with the hot end under the action of the elastic film 7-2 damping, so that the elastic plate 5 generates a low-frequency vibration of no more than 15HZ, but sometimes there are a few medium and low-frequency vibrations, but the vibration frequency generated by solid particles is lower. Therefore, the spherical particles 7 of the present invention collide with the hot end, and through the elastic plate 5 and the vibration plate 6, active low-frequency vibrations are generated in the muffler chamber 3. Based on the principles of sound wave interference and resonance, the vibration plate 6 can interact with the muffler chamber by applying low-frequency vibrations to generate a phase difference of sound waves, thereby achieving mutual cancellation of sound waves at a specific frequency. The specific frequency here is related to factors such as the size and outlet pressure of the supercharger, and can be obtained by testing different products on the test platform. In addition, since the noise at the outlet of the turbocharger usually contains low-frequency components, low-frequency vibrations can be effectively controlled for the low-frequency noise at the outlet of the supercharger. The muffler chamber 3 itself can be used as an acoustic filter, and the synergy with the vibration plate 6 can enhance the muffler effect of low-frequency noise.

[0038] In addition, since the temperature at the outlet of the turbocharger can range from 200°C to more than 700°C, the cooling medium 7-4 on the hot end surface is sometimes in a boiling state, that is, millimeter-level bubbles or liquid films will be generated on the hot end surface, which can buffer the collision force of the spherical particles 7 during the sinking process, mainly to avoid additional shell noise reduction. On the other hand, after the spherical particles 7 come into contact with the bubbles or liquid films, they promote the bubbles to separate from the hot end, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.

[0039] In the embodiment, the shell 7-1 of the spherical particle 7 is a spherical aluminum particle, and the diameter of the shell 7-1 is 0.2 to 5 mm; a plurality of through holes are provided on the shell 7-1, and the cooling medium 7-4 is deionized water. The expansion agent 7-3 accounts for 40% of the volume of the spherical particle 7 when it is not expanded. The expansion agent 7-3 described in the embodiment is aerogel. After being heated, the material expands and fills the cavity, and discharges all the fluid in the shell 7-1, thereby reducing the overall density of the spherical particle 7; the elastic membrane 7-2 is generally selected from polyolefin elastomer (POE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The material of the spherical particle 7 is aluminum. When the temperature at the cold end is generally less than 80°C, the density ratio of the spherical particle 7 to deionized water is 1.8. When the temperature near the hot end exceeds 100°, the expansion agent 7-3 inside the spherical particle 7 will be fully expanded, and at this time, the density of the spherical particle 7 is less than the density of deionized water.

[0040] A plurality of protrusions 4 are provided on another wall surface of the cooling channel 2 close to the muffler cavity 3, each of which is located between the two muffler cavities 3, such as Figure 2 As shown, the protrusion 4 is arranged at the hot end and on the wall of the cooling channel 2 between the two elastic plates 5. The protrusion 4 can guide the cooling medium 7-4 to drive the spherical particles 7 to move between the cold end and the hot end, and the protrusion 4 only needs to be arranged at the hot end, because the density of the spherical particles 7 is relatively large at the cold end and they will definitely drop to the hot end, so there is no need to set a protrusion at the cold end. Under normal circumstances, the direction of buoyancy points to the cold end, so the spherical particles 7 can move upward to the cold end after expansion, but due to the placement position of the supercharger housing, part of the buoyancy may point to the hot end, so the protrusion 4 can force the spherical particles 7 at the hot end to bypass the protrusion 4 and enter the cold end. In another embodiment, a protrusion 4 is provided on the wall of the cooling channel 2 between the two elastic plates 5 where the buoyancy direction points to the hot end, and no protrusion 4 is provided at other positions, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0041] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0042] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat exchange structure at a turbocharger outlet, wherein a cooling channel (2) is provided in a turbocharger outlet housing (1), characterized in that: The cooling medium of the cooling channel (2) contains spherical particles (7), and a plurality of independent silencing cavities (3) uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are provided below the cooling channel (2), and each silencing cavity (3) is connected to an outlet; a vibration unit extending into the silencing cavity (3) is provided on the wall surface between the silencing cavity (3) and the cooling channel (2), and a part of the vibration unit collides and contacts with the spherical particles (7) in the cooling medium, so that the vibration unit generates active vibration, and the active vibration of the vibration unit and the passive vibration in the silencing cavity (3) are used to reduce noise at the outlet.

2. The heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spherical particle (7) comprises an outer shell (7-1) and an expansion agent (7-3), wherein the expansion agent (7-3) is located in the outer shell (7-1), and the inner cavity of the outer shell (7-1) is connected to an external cooling medium. The volume of the expansion agent (7-3) changes by utilizing the temperature change of the wall surface of the cooling channel (2), so as to make the spherical particle (7) oscillate on the wall surface of the cooling channel (2).

3. The heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expansion agent (7-3) is wrapped around the elastic film (7-2) and damping is applied to the expansion agent (7-3) during the expansion process, thereby delaying the density change of the spherical particles (7) to ensure that the spherical particles (7) collide with the vibration unit.

4. The heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The density of the expansion agent (7-3) is less than the density of the cooling medium; the volume ratio of the expansion agent (7-3) in the unexpanded state to the spherical particles (7) is 40-70%.

5. The heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet according to claim 2, characterized in that: Assume that one wall of the cooling channel (2) where the vibration unit is installed is the hot end, and the other wall of the cooling channel (2) is the cold end; when the spherical particle (7) approaches the cold end, the temperature of the cooling medium decreases, and the expansion agent (7-3) inside the spherical particle (7) is in a contracted state. At this time, the total density of the spherical particle (7) is greater than the density of the cooling medium (4), and the spherical particle (7) moves toward the hot end; when the spherical particle (7) settles to the hot end and absorbs heat, the expansion agent (7-3) expands. At this time, the total density of the spherical particle (7) is less than the density of the cooling medium (4), and the particle (5) moves toward the cold end.

6. The heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spherical particles (7) collide with the vibration unit, causing the vibration unit to generate low-frequency vibration.

7. The heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration unit comprises an elastic plate (5) and a vibration plate (6); the elastic plate (5) is arranged between the muffler cavity (3) and the cooling channel (2); a cantilever vibration plate (6) is arranged in the muffler cavity (3); one end of the vibration plate (6) is connected to the elastic plate (5), and the other end of the vibration plate (6) extends into the muffler cavity (3).

8. The heat exchange structure at the turbocharger outlet according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of protrusions (4) are arranged on the wall surface of the cooling channel (2) close to the muffler cavity (3), and the protrusions (4) are located on the wall surface between the two muffler cavities (3).

Images